US2073496A - Centrifugal machine - Google Patents

Description

March 9, 1937. H. SCHULZ 2,073,496

CENTRIFUGAL MACHINE Filed May l, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 19 Trae/VB6 2 sheets-snaai 2 T SCHULZ By ,9 TToeA/EYS March 9, 1937, H. scHuLz CENTRIFUGL MACHINE Filed May l, 1934 Patente-al` Mar. 9, 1937' Herbert Schulz, Berlin, Germany Application May 1, 1934, Serial No. 723,290 Germany May 10, 1933 'l Claims.

This invention relates to centrifugal machines and is an improvement of the device described in my Patent No. 1,979,909, issued November 6, 1934.

In centrifugal machines which have a. high rate of rotation the capacity is increased and the time required for precipitation is reduced by leading the precipitable substances at the highest possible velocity in the direction of the centrifugal effect direct to the places where the solid substances collect and allowing the incompletely dry substances to slip back to the said places. In general the solid particles to be precipitated vary greatly in mass and size and the finest particles separate from the liquid only with great dim@ l5 culty when the time allowed for precipitation is short, and thereby prevent a dry ejection of the solid substances. This disadvantage is particularly evident in continuously operating centrifugal machines having a very short precipitation period, in which for example two rotary members are employed to rotate one within the other at a very high speed for the purpose of attaining a high rate of rotation and precipitation of even the finest particles, the inner member having a slow individual movement about a different axis and being provided with containers or cells at its periphery, and the mixture to be separated being ung from the feed conduit into the containers or cells in a direction other than the centrifugal direction and therefore not arriving immediatelyat the places where the solid substances collect. Solid substances and liquid are therefore whilst the mixture is flung with the greatest possible velocity on to the collecting places in the containers or cells, whereby the cooperation of the pressure of ow and the centrifugal effect causes the solid substances to be pressed together at the collect-ing places in the containers or cells and consequently produces a higher ldegree of dryness than is possible by means of centrifugal eiect alone. During transportation to the place of discharge only absolutely dry substances remain on the slanting container or cellwalls due to the angle of repose thereof, whilst all liquid or mushy substances which have no angle of repose are forced to slip back to the collecting places and are again subjected to the precipitating operation.

The finest particles can thus be separated from the liquid and only comparatively dry substances 5 can be transported to the place of discharge.

Both rotary members can be formed framelike or asvcasings and the individual movement of the containers or cells in which the mixture is fed and be effected by any suitable means. In 10 the Vconstructional example shown in the accompanyingdrawings, the outer member is in the form of a closed casing and the inner member takes the form of a drum with open hollow members extending to both sides in the axial direc- 15 tion.

In the said drawings:

Figure l is a longitudinal section according to line A-B of Figure 2 and through a centrifuge with quickly rotated outer casing and a slowly rotated inner drum which turns about a cross axis.

Figure. 2 is a longitudinal 'section according to line C-D of Figurek 1. v

Figure 3 isa cross-section according to line 25 E-F of Figure l.

Figure 4 is an enlarged representation of the ing tothe cross-sectional Figure 3.

' Figure .5 kis a section according to line G-H of 30 Figure 4.

, Figure 6 is a section throughthe container walls with warped surfaces at that side which is opposed to the direction of rotation.

Figure 7 is a vsection through the container walls 3 5 with sieve surfaces on that side which is opposed to the direction of rotation. l

Figure 8 is a section through a drum with tiltable containers according to line I-K of Figure 9, and 40 Figure 9 is a section according to line L-M of Figure 8.

In the drawings, a casing I rests in aquickly rotatable manner in bearings 2 and 3 and is driven by means of a pulley 4. By means of an 45 externally fixed'shaft 5 and reduction gearing 6,

l, 8,9, I0, a'drum II is slowly rotated from the quick casing rotation through a toothed ring I2 provided on the drum periphery. The drum Il vhas a shaft I3 mounted in bearings Il of the 50 v casing I and performs aslow individual movement with thesaid shaft. An inflow bracketIS for the mixture to be'separated projects into the central part of the drum II and has guide nozzles i8 which are directed towards the drum cells or con- 55 tainers I9 lying inside the drum II over the whole mush can thereby precipitate themselves theren periphery thereof. The cells or containers are from. Furthermore the cups 30 are providedclosed by turrlalols fla-ps 2l and possess an overwith projections 36 which rest on guide rails 32 flow wall 2i] for the escaping liquid. The axis of of the casing I, whereby the cups are prevented the shaft I3 of the drum is perpendicular to the from tipping and are retained in the filling posiaxis of movement of the casing I. tion until they reach the vicinity of the places The flaps 2I are retained in the closed position 24 of discharge, `In Figure 9 the cup 30 situated by rods 23 WhiCh are mOVed OutWaIdly by Cenin the discharge zone 24 can be seen in the tipped trifugal effect, and stops 22 provided in the position, where it is discharging its contents outvicinity of the discharge place 24 force the rods wardly.

23 backwards and thereby enables the flaps 2| t0 The containers or cups on the drum Can also be Opened by Centrifugal effect At the discharge be' subdivided by separating walls which for exzones or places 24 the solid SubstarlCeS escape ample are formed sieve-like and extend slantingly through the funnel which penetrates the casor in a warped manner at that side which is l5 ing I. k directed away from the direction of rotation. As can be more particularly seen in Figures 3, These cups can also be formed completely 0f 4, and 8, the channels I8 of the inflow bracket I5 Sieve walls, for the mixture lie radially relative to the cen- Having now particularly described and ascertrfueal exis, whereby the esCaPlhg mixture iS tained the nature of my said invention andin 2o flung out of all the channels with uniform and what manner the same is to be performed, I

full velocity and corresponding flow pressure into declare that what I claim is: the deDOsithg places, namely the Celis i9 0f Figl. A centrifugal machine, comprising a casing ures 1 t0 6 or the Cups 30 0f Figures 8 and 9. having discharge openingsformed therein, a drum The Side Walls the Celis I9, 21S Cain be Observed rotatably mounted Casing means Con- 25 from Figures 5 to '7 are directed radially at that neeted with said easing for quickly rotating s'aid side IBa, which faces the direction of rotation, see easing together with Said drum, means for comarrow X, and extend substantially parallel to the paratively Slowly rotating said drum relatively axis of the shaft I3 which participates in the irlto Said casing, and a, plurality of containers cardividual movement. On that side ISb which is ned by Stud drum on the periphery thereof and ooposod to the direction of rotation, the Walls adapted to receive a mixture of iiquid and solid hOWeVe extend Siahtihgiy relative t0 the axis 0f substances introduced into the drum, the rear 'the shaft. i3; whereby during idle .mhhihg every wall of each of said containers according to the Shop Of hquld @ahmed thereby, and during Workdirection of rotation of said drum being inclined lng, the mushy Dalt 0f the SOld Substances must from the bottom wall of said container, whereby slip back from cell to cell to the depositing zone said Container may Convey Solid Substances to under centrifugal effect, and consequently the Said discharge openings according to the angle sOiid Particles are given the Opportunity t0 again of repose, said inclined Wall being inclined at such deDOslt themselves ,o an angle that the liquid substances contained in As however all dry, solid substances possessfan said mixture are flowing to the place of the 40 orlelo of reposo, only Completely dry, deposited introduction of the mixture and off the containers solid substances cannot, due to this angle of reopposed to the Course of rotation of Said drum pese, slip hack, ih spite 0f the Siaht 0f the Wah before they reach said discharge openings, while leb, and efe Carried t0' the Places 0f discharge the solid substances are carried to said discharge and are eJeCteCiopenings by said Walls.

In the constructional example according to Fig- 2 A centrifugal machine, comprising a, Casing ure 6, the construction of the cell side walls I9c having discharge openings formed therein, a in Warped form increases the pressure surfaces drum rotatably mounted within Said casing, of the solid substances. means connected with said casing for quickly ro- In the constructional example according to Figtating said easing together with said drum,

ure 7 the Waus Of the Geus are formed in Part by means for comparatively slowly rotating said slanting sieves 2'I which operate as solid walls but drum remtvely to said easingy and a pluyahty let through any drops of liquid enclosed between of containers movooly mounted upon the pesOiiCi suhstallcee and the Celi Wausriphery of said drum and adapted to receive a The OVelhOWlhg hqllld passes t0 the extent mixture of liquid and solid substances introduced through Oper-unes 25 of the casing 9 and um into into the drum, the rear Wall of each of said conthe gutters 29 from Which 1t eah be led away' The tainers according to the direction of rotation of Sehd Substances are caught 1h the gutters 28- said drum inclining rearwardly from the bottom In order to obtain absolute sealing of the cells of said container, Said slanting Wah being inihdellehdehtiy 0f the ihdiVduaiiapS the Geus ac' clined at such an angle that liquid substances con- 0 @Ording te the coustrucuoual example of Figure tained in said mixture are poured off the con- 9 are het Closed by flaps but are arranged tut tainers and ilow to the place of introduction of able. The cells constructed in the form of cups 30 the mixture amd in a direction Opposed to the .253512Oult'eonngoivlgncg direction of said drum before they reach said b hile he s l'ds ib ance are the places of discharge due to the position of the dlscharge opemngs W t .0 l L St s A carried to said discharge openings by the wall. rrhf fglgyzvhgettzle contents can escape 3. A centrifugal machine, comprising a casing As can be observed from Figure 9, the cups 30 having discharge Opeuiugs fOIrmed therein a drum are provided at that side which is opposed to rotatablhmouuted Wuhm Sad easmgrmeans 00h 7o the direction of rotation of the drum With Walls nected With said casmefof tiuckiy retatlhg Sad 313 which are so slanted that the liquid and easing together With Salti dllm, means f0 I 60mmushy substances must always slip back from parativoly slowly rotating sold drum relatively to cup to cup into the depositing zones and cannot Said Casing, and a plurallty 0f containers roreach the places o f discharge of the solid subtatably mounted on the periphery of said drum stances. The solid substances contained in the and adapted to receive a mixture of liquid and solid substances introduced into the drum, the center of gravity of said containers being so arranged according to the axis of rotation that they automatically tip over adjacent to the discharge openings, the rear wall of each of said containers according to the` direction of rotation of said drum inclining from the bottom of said container, said slanting Wall being inclined at such angles that liquidv substances contained in said mixture are poured oif the containers and flow to the place of introduction of the mixture in a direction opposed to the course of rotation of said drum before they reach said discharge openings, while the solid substances are carried to said discharge openings by said walls.

4. A centrifugal machine, comprising a casing having discharge openings formed therein, a drum rotatably mounted within said casing, means connected with said casing for quickly rotating said casing together with said drum,l means f or comof introduction of the mixture in a direction opposite to the course of rotation of said drum before they reach said discharge openings, while the solid substances are carried to said discharge openings by said walls.

5. A centrifugal machine, comprising a casing having discharge openings formed therein, a drum rotatably mounted Within said casing, means connected with said casing for quickly rotating said casing together with said drum, means for comparatively slowly rotating said drum relatively to said casing, and a plurality of containers carried by said drum on the periphery thereof and adapted to receive a mixture of liquid and solid substances introduced into the drum, the rear wall of each of said containers according to the direction of rotation of said drum inclining from the bottom of said container at an obtuse angle thereto and being perforated to form a sieve adapted to convey comparatively large particles of solid substances to the discharge drum relatively to said casing, and a plurality of.

containers carried by said drum on the periphery thereof and adapted to receive a mixture of liquid and solid substances introduced into the drum, the rear wall of each of said containers according to the direction of rotation of said drum inclining from the bottom of said container at an obtuse angle thereto, the slanting walls being inclined at such an angle that liquid substances contained in said mixture are poured off the containers and flow to the place of introduction of the mixture in a direction opposite to the course of rotation of said drum before they reach said discharge openings, while the solid substances are carried to said discharge openings by said walls,

and a separate sieve-like wall forming a continuation of each of said slanting walls and inclined in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of said drum.

'7. A centrifugal machine, comprising a casing having discharge openings formed therein, a drum rotatably mounted within said casing, means connected with said casing for quickly rotating said casing together with said drum, means for comparatively slowly rotatingI said drum relatively to said casing, a plurality of containers carried by said drum on theperiphery thereof, and guide nozzles carried by said drum and directed toward said containers and parallel to the directions of the centrifugal force, said guide nozzles being adapted to transmit a mixture of liquid and solid substances situated within said casing to said containers, the rear wall of each of said containers according to the direction of rotation of said drum inclining from the bottom of said container at an obtuse angle thereto, said slanting walls being inclined at such angles that liquid substances contained in said mixture are poured off the containers and flow to the place of introduction of the mixture in a direction opposite to the course of rotation of' said drum before they reach the discharge openings.

' HERBERT SCHULZ.

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