US2072951A - Abrading machine - Google Patents

Description

C. JOHNSON ET AL mamme MACHINE Filed Jan. 17, 1954 March 9, 1937.

4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INvsNTo s Char/es cia mson (7039p)? 0. 0/99)? 5? ing QmJz-m @4TTOQNEY5 -March 9, 1937. c. JOHNSON ET AL ABRADING MACHINE Filed Jan. 17, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 MM V Char/es 970271750)? March 9, 193?. c JOHNSON ET AL 2,072,951

ABRADING MACHINE Filed Jan. 17,1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOQS Char/e8 (7027/7307) March 9, 1937. c. JOHNSON AL ABRADING MACHINE Filed Jan. 17, 19:54

- 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 close 9); 0. 029a)? Patented Mar. 9, 1937 UNITED STATES ABRADING MACHINE Charles Johnson and Joseph 0. Olsen, Rockford, Ill., assignors to Mattison Machine Works, Rockford, 111., a corporation of Illinois Application January 17, 1934, Serial No. 706,966

18 Claims.

The present invention relates to a new and improved machine adapted for removing scale or producing fine surfaces on work sheets and particularly on thin flexible sheets of metal.

Sheets of certain material such for example as thin sheets of stainless steel tend tobuckle when subjected to heat, and hence are difiicult to handle inthe abrading or polishing of their surfaces. One of the primary objects of the present invention resides in the provision of a novel machine for surfacing a. flexible sheet in which the sheet is presented to the abrading or polishing tool in a fully curved condition, so as to avoid objectionable buckling and to insure a straight or flat line of cutting engagement.

Another object is to provide a machine of the foregoing character in which the work sheet is curved convexly toward the finishing tool in order to obtain a relatively narrow cutting zone resulting in a smooth finish, and in which the curvature is gradual so that sheets of substantial thickness can be handled without setting up excessive internal strains.

Another object is to provide a new and im proved work support which is inexpensive in 'construction, which will protect the sheet against objectionable heating, and which will present all points along. the curved sheet at a uniform position relative to the finishing tool when passing through the line of' cutting engagement.

A specific object resides in the provision of a novel drum and cable drive for the work support in which the direction of pull will approach the line of movement of the support as the cable is shortened. I

The abrading or polishing elements may be carried on an endless abrasive belt running over a pressure roller adjacent the work sheet, and then over one or more idler rollers. Belts of this character are likely to be unequal in length along their opposite side edges, and, if so, have a tendcncy to creep along the rollers. This is particularly objectionable at high speeds. Another. important object, therefore, is to provide novel means for adjusting the idler roller or rollers to tension the belt uniformly along its width and to counteract any tendency to creep so that the belt will run true and will not be dangerous to operate.

A further object resides in connecting the power drive for the abrasive or polishing belt directly to the pressure roller so as to avoid objectionable tension in the flights of the belt between the rollers.

Other detailed objects reside in the provision of novel means for securing the work sheet to-its support, means for adjusting the finishing tool relative to the support to adapt the machine for sheets of different thicknesses, and supporting means for'the belt guiding rollers permitting therollers to be mounted, removed or substituted with ease and convenience.

Further objects and advantages will become apparent as the description proceeds.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view through the work support and one of the supporting guides taken substantially along line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a. fragmentary side elevational view illustrating the means for securing the work to the support. Y

Fig.- 8 is a perspective view of the construction shown in Fig. '7.

Fig. 9 is a side elevational view on an enlarged scale and" partially in section of the tool support.

Fig. 10'is a fragmentary sectional view taken substantially along line l0l0 of Fig. 9 and illustrating the means for adjusting the tool support vertically and the means for driving the tool.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of the tool support, and illustrating one idler roller and the means for adjusting same.

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view taken substantially along line l2l2 of Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary front elevational view of the construction shown in Fig. 11.

While the invention is susceptible of various modifications and alternative constructions, we

have shown in the drawings and will herein describe in detail the preferred embodiment, but it is to be understood that we do not thereby intend to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but intend to cover all modifications and alternative constructions falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in theappended claims.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, the machine constituting the exemplary embodiment of the invention generally comprises an elongated floor bed IS with an upright column Is at its rear side and substantially midway of its ends, and with two pedestals l1 and I8 located respectively at opposite sides of' the column.

.Mounted for longitudinal reciprocation on the example as the stainless steel A. A tool head 20 is mounted for vertical adjustment on the front of the column l6 and in overhanging relation across the work table l9, and supports a finishing tool B positioned to act on the upper surface of the work sheet A. The finishing tool B may be provided in various forms depending on the character and condition of the work. In some instances, a number of different tools may be used successively on the same work piece. Thus, the tool B may be an abrasive wheel, a bufllng wheel or a tampico wheel. In the present instance. the tool B is shown as an endless abrasive belt extending completely across the work sheet A and rlmning over a pressure roller 2|, by which it is held against the sheet, and over one or more vertically spaced rollers 22, 22*.

The work sheet A is of substantial area, and when made of stainless steel for example is subject to buckling, if laid flat, when exposed to the heat generated in the abrasive or polishing action. One of the primary features of the invention, therefore, resides in presenting the sheet a A in a longitudinally curved condition to the abrasive belt B. 'As a result, buckling of the sheet A is eflectively reduced to the desired degree, and a straight transverse zone or line of contact with the belt 13 is insured. The upper surface of the sheet A is convex so that a narrow zone of abrasive contact, resulting in relatively short cutting marks or scratches and hence in a smooth finish, is obtained, and that the sheet need be anchored only at one end to the table l9. Also, the sheet A is curved throughout. its en tire length, and hence is fixed in position on the table I! and not flexed progressively from end to end as it passes the abrasive belt B, and has but a small degree of curvature. The-foregoing method permits sheets of any thickness that can be bent to be handled, avoids setting up excessive internal strains in the metal, and if a reversal of movement of the sheet is desired, necessitates only the reversal of one machine part, namely, the table l9.

To present the sheet A in such curved condi tion to the belt B. the table I9 is formed on the top with a smooth longitudinally curved work mounting surface 23, and is moved in a curved path on the bed l such that all points along the sheet A when passing through the transverse abrading zone C will be disposed in a predetermined vertical position in relation to the belt B. The relationship by reason of which the abrasive belt B takes the same depth of cut on the curved upper surface of the sheet A at all points along its length is illustrated in Figs. 2 to 4. Thus. the belt B is in engagement with an intermediate portion of the sheet A in Fig. 2, with the right 7 end of the sheet in Fig. 3, and with the left end .24 is preferably inverted V-shaped in transverse form, and consists of two straight opposite end sections in end abutment at approximately the longitudinal center of the bed l5, and equally and gradually inclined downwardly toward the ends of the bed. Thus, the ways 24 are also generally inverted V-shaped in longitudinal form. Side flanges 25 on the table l9 overhang theouter sides of the ways 24.

Preferably, the ways 21 are not formed integral with the bed 15, butare provided by securing two longitudinally aligned base castings 26 to the top of the bed along each side. The castlngs 26 are in abutment at their adjacent ends, and are tapered in height toward their outer ends which project substantially beyond the ends of the bed IS. The tops of the castings 26 are formed on opposite sides with plane longitudinal downwardly and outwardly inclined seating surfaces 21, and with upstanding flanges 28 along the outer longitudinalmargins of the surfaces (Fig. 6). Steel bearing plates 29 are mounted on the surfaces 21, and are secured in position against the flanges. 28 by means of a plurality of clamp bolts 30 threaded into the castings 26 and engaging the upper inner edges of the plates. It will be evident that the upper surfaces of the plates 29 constitute the ways 24, and that the latter are greater in length than the bed l5.

The table I9 is supported at each corner and at all intermediate points is located in freely spaced relation thereto regardless of its position of reciprocation. Thus, the table l9 upon being reciprocated along the ways 24 will move in a curved path. The curvature of the path depends upon the relative inclination of the opposite end sections of theways 24, and as herein shown is comparatively small. The means for supporting the table I! comprises four housings 3| secured in pairs to opposite ends of the table, and opening downwardly respectively over the sections of the ways 24. Each housing 3| is formed with two sets of spaced bearings 32. Two anti-friction rollers 33 in bearing engagement against the underlying steel plates 29 are journaled respectively in the bearings 32 with their axes relatively inclined at the same angle as that subtended between the plates. Suitable resilient wipers 34 may be mounted in the outer end of the housing 3| for sliding engagement with the upper surfaces of the ways 24.

Preferably, the table I!) is of a closed hollow box construction in which the interior is divided by a central transverse partition wall 35 (Fig. 5). A plurality of spaced parallel baille walls 36 are formed at opposite sides of the partition wall 35. and project alternately from opposite sides of the table i9 partially across the interior to define two tortuous cooling passages 31. A suitable cooling ing the table l9. In the present instance, this means comprises a drum 49 (Figs. 2 to formed in its periphery with a helical groove 4|, and

mounted in the bed|5 for rotation with a central transverse shaft 42. wound in opposite directions along the groove 4|, and are anchored at their adjacent ends to the center of the drum 49. The outer. ends of the cables 43 are attached respectively to two brackets 44 secured to the opposite ends of the table l9, and projecting downwardly into the space between the ways 24. Upon rotation of the drum 49, one cable 43 will be wound up, and the other cable will be unwound a corresponding amount, to translate the table l9. Preferably, the brackets 44 are offset relative to the longitudinal center line of the table l9 so that the pull exerted by either cable 43 will approach the perpendicular to the drum 49 as the table nears the corresponding end position.

If the convolutions of the drum groove 4| are made ofuniform diameter, it has been found that some slack develops in the unsupported end of the cable when the table is near one limit of its travel. Such slack, while being taken up on reversal of the table, produces objectionable jerking and jarring of the table. To take up this slack and maintain the cables taut in all positions of the table, the outermost convolutions of the drum groove 4| are formed of increasing diameters as shown in Fig. 2 as indicated at 4|. Thus as the table approaches one end of its movement and one of the cables moves outwardly toward one end of the drum encountering the convolutions of increasing diameter, the slack is taken up automatically.

One end of the drum shaft 42 projects rearwardly from the bed l5, and has a worm wheel 45 secured thereon. A worm 46 meshing with the wheel 45 is fixed on a shaft 41 driven by an electric motor 48 on the pedestal l1. Suitable reversing dogs 49 mounted in spaced relation on the front flange 25 of the table l9 for adjustment along a T-slot 59 are adapted to coact alternately with a switch element 5| on the base I5 to control the direction of rotation of the motor 48, and thereby to control the reciprocation of the table.

The sheet A may be secured in position on the table I9 in various ways. Thus, suction may be employed. Preferably, one end of the sheet A is fastened or held to the table I 9 while the other end remains free, the belt B being operated in a direction such that the abrading action will maintain the sheet taut at all times. While clamps or any suitable holding means may be employed, two hooks 52 (Figs. 5, '1 and 8) are provided in the present instance for securing the right end of the sheet B to the table l9, and the abrasive belt B is driven to exert a pull to the left. Each hook 52 has a clip 53 on one end fitting over a flange 54 on the right end of the table l9, and the hook proper on the other end adapted to be insertedthrough a slit 55 in the adjacent end of the sheet A.

To provide for vertical adjustment of the tool head 29, the column I6 is formed on the front with two parallel spaced vertical guideways 56 (Fig. 12). The head 29 comprises a generally flatvertical frame 51 which is formed along its rear vertical edge with two parallel spaced guides 58 slidably secured in the guideways 56 by gib plates 59. Formed on the rear of the frame 51 between the ways 56 and adjacent the lower end is a bracket 69 (Figs. 9 and 10) which projects into the column. Hi. and which has a laterally extend- Two cables 43 are' the free end of the arm 6|, and is in threaded engagement with a rotary vertical feed screw 63. Theupper-end of the screw 63 extends into and terminates in agear housing 64 mounted in one side wall of the column l6. A bearing 65 in the lower wall of the housing 64 for the screw 63 serves to hold the latter against endwise motion. Fixed on the screw '63 within the housing 64 is a worm wheel 66 in mesh with a worm 61 on a transverse shaft 68 driven by an electric hoist motor 69. The shaft 68 is journaled ina housing 19 mounted on the exterior of the column l6 and enclosing the housing 64 and the motor 69, and extends to the front of the head frame 51 where it is provided with a hand wheel 1|. It will be evident that the head 29 may be adjusted vertically by rotating the worm shaft 68 either by power from the motor 69 or manually by means of the hand wheel 1 The operation of the motor 69 may be controlled by a push button switch 12.

mounted on the front of the bed l5.

The rollers 2|, 22 and 22 are mounted horizontally in substantially parallel spaced relation on the frame 51. The abrasive belt B- runs over these rollers and about the frame 51. Power means for driving the belt B may be connected to any one of the rollers, but preferably is connected to the lower roller 2| so as to avoid objectionable tension on the intermediate flights of the belt.

The lower drive roller 2| is fixed on a horizontal supporting shaft 13 with tapered ends 14 and 15. and is located immediately beneath the head frame 51. In its preferred form, the roller 2| is provided with a peripheral layer 16 of a yieldable material, such for example as fabric, to compensate for irregularities in the sheet A, and thereby to enable all parts of the surface to be finished. A sleeve 11 is secured by means of a nut upper end of the bracket 89 is adapted to enter a slot 85 formed in an overlying portion of the frame 51 upon rearward movement of the shaft 8| to lock the bracket in vertical position. Fixed on the rear end of the shaft 8| within the column I6 is a suitable counterweight 86 which is normal y in an ineffective vertical position, but which is adapted to facilitate swinging the brack- 'et 89 sidewise when the pin 84 is out of the slot 85 and after the bracket 89 has been shifted .axially beyond the end of the spindle.

The rear tapered end 15 of the shaft 13 is adapted to be removably inserted into a conical socket 81 formed in the adjacent end of an axially aligned drive shaft 88. A tie-bolt 89 (Fig. 9) extendingaxially through the shaft 88 serves to connect the shafts 13 and 88 automatically for joint rotation when the shaft end 15 is inserted into the socket 81. The shaft 88 is journaled in spaced bearings 99 in the bracket 69. and extends rearwardly into the column |6.- Fixed on the rear end of the shaft 88 is a pulley 9| which is connected by a V-belt 92 to an electric drive motor 93 (Fig. 2) mounted on the pedestal l8. The belt 92 permits any vertical adjustment of the head 29 that may be necessary. The foregoing construction permits ready and convenient removal of the pressure roller 2I. Thus, by removing the nut 18 and sliding the rock shaft forwardly to withdraw the hearing from the shaft end 14, the roller 2| and its spindle 13 may be withdrawn.

' The upper roller 22, which preferably is similar other edge, the roller 22 would'be vertically inclined. To permit vertical and angular adjustment of the roller 22, the bearing blocks 95 are pivotally mounted respectively on two transverse pins 95 in two bifurcated heads 91. These heads are fixed on the upper ends of two cylindrical plungers 98 which are slidable in two cylinders 99 rigid with the front and rear of the head frame 51.

. 25 The plungers 98 are each formed with an axial bore I00 open and enlarged at the lower end. Seated in the enlarged portions of the bores I00 are two fixed nuts IOI in threaded engagement with two vertical adjusting screws I02 and 30 I03. The rear screw I02 has a reduced shaft extension I04 extending through a bushing I 05 into a gear housing I06 formed in the rear side of the frame 51. -A collar I01 on the shaft extension I04 bears against an end thrust ball bearing 5 I00 seated on the bushing I05. Fixed on the inner end of the shaft extension I04 is a bevel gear I09 which meshes with a similar gear Il0 on the rear end of a horizontal shaft III extending through a bearing II2 into the housing I06. The 40 collar I01 and the gear I09 serve to anchor the screw I 02 against endwise motion in the frame 51. -'I'he horizontal shaft III extends forwardly through a bearing II3 into a gear housing II4 formed in the front portion of the frame 51. The

45 front of the housing I I4 is open, and is adapted to be closed by a removable cover plate II5. A reduced extension III; on the shaft III within the housing H4 is journaled in a bearing H1 in the cover plate I I5. Fixed on the shaft I II is a gear 59 H0 which meshes with an elongated pinion I I9 on a parallel shaft I20. The rear end of the shaft I20 ls slidably and rotatably supported in the 60 end of the upper roller 22 vertically by rotating the hand wheel I23.

The front screw I03 similarly has a reduced shaft extension I24 extending through a bushing I25 into the housing II4. A collar I26 on the 65 shaft extension I24 bears against an end thrust ball bearing I21 seated on the bushing I25. A bevel gear I20 is fixed on the shaft extension I24 and with the collar I25 serves to anchor the screw I 03 against endwise movement'in the frame 51.

70 The bevel gear I20 meshes with axially opposed bevel gears I29 and I30 freely rotatable on the shaft extension II0 and rigid respectively with gears I3I and I32. Two spaced pinions I33 and I34. rigid with the shaft I20 are selectively mov- 75 able respectively into mesh with the gears I3I,

and I32 upon shifting of the shaft I20 in opposite directions. To afford means for adjusting the shaft I20 axially,.it is provided with an annular peripheral groove I35 receiving a pin I36 on a manually adjustable crank arm I31.

Rotation of the hand wheel I23 will always effect actuation of the rear screw I02. If the pinions I33 and I34 are located between the gears 'I3I and I32 no rotation of the screw I03 will result.

However, the front screw I03 may be rotated in' the same direction as or oppositely to that of the screw I02 by adjusting the pinion I33 into mesh with the gear I3I or the pinion I34 into mesh with the gear I32. The adjusting means is therefore capable of positioning the upper.

roller 22 in any desired vertical and angular po sition to tension the belt 12. uniformly across its:

zontal rock shaft I H extending through andjournaled at opposite ends in bearings I42 formed in the front and rear walls of the frame 51. The rear end of the shaft I4I extends into the column I0, and has keyed thereto a sleeve I43 formed with two oppositely extending horizontal arms I44 and I45. A counterweight I46 "is pivdtally suspended from the free end of the arm I44, and is adapted to act in a direction tending to swing the intermediate roller 22 outwardly to tighten the belt B. The free end of the other arm I45 is pivotally connected to a vertical depending non-rotatable adjusting screw I41 which is in threaded engagement at its lower end with a nut I48 rotatably anchored in a bearing bracket I49 on the frame 51. A bevel gear I50 is fixed on the nut I 48, and meshes with a bevel gear I5I keyed to the rear end of a transverse shaft I52. The forward end of the shaft I52 is supported by a bearing I53 on the front of the frame 51, and is provided with a hand lever I59. Thus, the idler roller 22 may be swung by actuating the lever I54. While it is desirable to provide for angular adjustment of the arms I40 as described, it is to be understood that the arms may be made rigid with the frame 51, and that adjustment of the upper roller 22 may be solely relied upon to tension the belt B.

If the upper roller 22 is slightly inclined to compensate for unevenness in the length of the belt B along its width, the belt is likely to creep. Hence, provision is made for adjusting the idler roller 22 angularly so that it may be inclined oppositely to the upper roller 22 to counteract this creeping tendency. In the preferred form, the rear end of the shaft I38 is rotatably and slidably mounted in a block I55 pivotally mounted in a bifurcation I55 on the free end of the rear bearing arm 139. The forward end of the shaft the pin. As a result, the idler roller 22 will betilted in a generally vertical direction about the pivot for the block I55.

In operation, the upper roller 22 is adjusted vertically and angularly if necessary to place the belt Bunder a uniform tension. If the upper 'roller is vertically inclined, the aligning roller {2 is adjusted into a suitably inclined position to prevent the belt from creeping. A flexible sheet A of metal to be finished is placed upon the table I9 and is fastened at the right end by the clamps 52. Then, the head 20 is adjusted vertically to adapt the belt B to the thickness of the sheet A and the desired depth of cut. The table I9 is now reciprocated from left to right while the belt B is driven in a clockwise direction to hold the sheet A taut. As the sheet A is advanced past the belt B, theupper surface is provided with a smooth and uniform finish.

The sheet A is presented in a fully curved condition to the belt B. As a result,.buckling of the sheet on the table is effectually reduced and the sheet is presented to the belt in substantially flat condition. The machine is simple and inexpensive in construction, and efficient and accurate in operation.

We claim as our invention: 1. A machine for surfacing thin work sheets comprising, in combination, an elongated horizontal bed having parallel longitudinal ways on the top, each way consisting of two straight sections inclined downwardly and oppositely toward the ends of said bed, an elongated table supported at opposite ends on the opposite end sections of said ways and being vertically spaced from said ways at all intermediate points, means for reciprocating said table longitudinally of said bed, a horizontal surfacing tool extending perpendicularly across said table, and means for actuating said tool, the top of said table having a longitudinally curved surface convex upwardly and adapted to support the work sheet and in the course of said reciprocation to present all points along said sheet progressively to said tool at a predetermined height.

2. A surfacing machine comprising, in combination, an elongated horizontal bed, a work support mounted for longitudinal translation on said bed, a surfacing tool mounted in position over said support and extending transversely thereof, said support having a longitudinally curved surface on which a work sheet is adapted to be mounted in fixed position and which is adapted to present the upper surface of the sheet in a fully and convexly curved condition to said tool, and means for translating said support.

3. A surfacing machine comprising, in combination, an elongated horizontal bed having longitudinal guides, a work support mounted for longitudinal reciprocation on said guides along said bed, a surfacing tool mounted in position over said support and extending transversely thereof, said support having 'a longitudinally curved surface convex upwardly on which a work sheet is adapted to-be mounted in fixed position and which is adapted to present the sheet in a curved condition to said tool, means for securing the work sheet in fixed position on said support, and means for reciprocating said support, said guides serving to rock said support to present succesive points along said sheet progressively to said tool at a predetermined height.

4. A surfacing machine comprising, in combination, an elongated horizontal bed, longitudinal guide means on said bed, an elongated work support mounted on said guide means for translation longitudinally of said bed, a surfacing tool mounted in position over said support and extending transversely thereof, said support having a surface curved longitudinally of said bed on which a work sheet is adapted to be mounted in fixed position and which is adapted to present the work sheet in a fully curved condition to said tool, means for anchoring the sheet at one end, said tool acting in a direction to hold the sheet taut, and means for translating said support, said guide means adjusting said support in the course of its translation to compensate for the curvature of said surface, whereby all points along said sheet are presented successively at the same height to said tool. r

5. A surfacing machine comprising, in combination, an elongated horizontal bed, longitudinal guide means on said bed, an elongated work support mounted on said guide means for translation longitudinally of said bed, a surfacing tool mounted in position over said support and extending transversely thereof, said support having a surface curved longitudinally of said bed on which a work sheet is adapted to be mounted in fixed.

position and which is adapted to present the work sheet in a convexly curved condition to said tool, and means for translating said support, said guide means adjusting said support in the course of its translation to compensate for the curvature of said surface, whereby all points along said sheet are presented successively at the same height to said tool.

6. A machine for surfacing thin work sheets comprising, in combination, an elongated horizontal bed having parallel generally longitudinal ways on the top, an elongated table supported on said ways, the top of said table having a longitudinally curved surface convex upwardly and adapted to support the work sheet in a fixed and fully curved condition, a horizontal surfacing tool extending across said table, means for operating said tool, and means for reciprocating said table along said ways, said ways acting to guide said table in a curved path to present all points along said sheet progressively to said tool at a predetermined height.

7. An abrading or polishing machine comprising, in combination, a horizontal bed having an upstanding column, a work support mounted for generally horizontal movement on said bed, a tool head having a frame mounted for vertical adjustment on said column, a horizontal pressure roller mounted on the underside of said frame and extending transversely across said support, a tension roller generally parallel to said pressure roller and mounted in the top of said frame for vertical and angular adjustment, two spaced arms on said frame, a bearing block pivotally mounted in one of said arms, an adjusting slide mounted in the other of said arms, a bearing block pivotally mounted in said slide, an aligning roller generally parallel to said first mentioned rollers and having a shaft supported by said blocks, means for adjusting said slide to adjust the angular position of said aligning roller relative to said tension roller,

and an endless tool belt running over said rollers.

8. An abrading machine comprising, in combination, a horizontal bed having an upstanding column, a work support mounted for generally horizontal movement on said bed, a tool head having a frame mounted for vertical adjustment on said column, a horizontal pressure roller mounted on said frame and extending transversely across said support, a tension roller generally parallel to said pressure roller and mounted in said frame for linear and angular adjustment in an axial plane through said pressure roller, an aligning roller generally parallel to said first mentioned rollers and mounted on said frame for angular adjustment, said tension and aligning rollers being adapted to be adjusted into oppositely inclined angular positions, and an endless tool belt running over said rollers.

9. An abrading or polishing machine comprising, in combination, a horizontal bed having an upstanding column, a work support mounted for generally horizontal movement on said bed, a tool head having a frame mounted for vertical adjustment on said column, a horizontal pressure roller mounted on the underside of said frame and extending transversely across said support, a tension roller generally parallel to said pressure roller and mounted in the top of said frame for vertical and angular adjustment, an aligning roller generally parallel to said first mentioned rollers and mounted on said frame for lateral swinging adjustment and for angular adjustment, said tension and aligning rollers being adapted to be adjusted into oppositely inclined angular positions, and an endless belt running over said rollers and about said frame.

10. A machine of the character described comprising, in combination, a tool' support and a work support mounted for relative translation, a fixed bearing .and a movable bearing on said tool support, said movable bearing being laterally adjustable into and out of alignment with said fixed bearing and being axially adjustable toward and from said fixed bearing, a tool element having a shaft removably secured for rotation at one end in said movable bearing, a drive member-journaled in said fixed bearing, the other end of said shaft being adapted for an interfitting driving connection with said drive member, and means for locking said movable bearing in position to maintain said connection.

11. A machine of the character described comprising, in combination, a horizontal bed havin an upstanding column, a work support on said bed, a frame mounted on said column over said support, a drive shaft joumaled in said frame and having a socket in one end, a rock shaft parallel to said drive shaft and slidably and rotatably mounted in said frame, a counterweight fixed on said rock shaft, a bearing bracket secured to said rock shaft and having a rotatable socket adapted to be swung about said rock shaft into and out of axial alignment with said first mentioned socket and to be adjusted axially toward and from said first mentioned socket, a pressure roller having a supporting shaft, means for removably securing one end of said supporting shaft in said rotatable socket, said bracket and said roller being adjustable to insert the other end of said supporting shaft into said first mentioned socket, interfitting meansfor connecting said supporting shaft to said drive shaft, and means for locking said bracket in position.

12. An abrading or polishing machine comprising, in combination, a work support and a generally vertical tool support mounted for relative translation, two spaced rollers mounted in a common axial plane on said tool support, an endless tool belt running over said rollers, the lower of said rollers being a pressure roller for presenting said belt to said work support and being rotatably mounted in fixed position on said tool support, the upper 01' said rollers having a rotatable mounting angularly adjustable at each end in said plane, means for adjusting one end of said upper roller in said plane toward and from said pressure roller, and means for adjusting the other end of said upper roller in said plane toward and from said pressure roller, whereby said rollers may be disposed in different parallel spaced positions, and in different and reversible angular relations in said plane.

13. An abrading or polishing machine comprising, in combination, a bed having an upend of said frame and extending transversely across said support, the upper end of said frame having two parallel vertical cylindrical guides, two guide members vertically adjustable in said guides and carrying pivotal bearing blocks at their upper ends, a tension roller journaled at opposite ends in said blocks, two adjusting screws in threaded engagement with said guide members, drive means operatively connected to one of said screws for adjusting the latter in either direction, and gear means including a reversible clutch for connecting said drive means to the other of said screws to adjust the latter in the same direction as'or oppositely to said first mentioned screw, and an endless tool belt running over said rollers.

movement on said bed, a tool head mounted for' vertical adjustment on said column, a horizontal pressure roller mounted on said head and extending transversely across said support, two parallel vertical guides on said head, two guide members vertically adjustable insaid guides and carrying pivotal bearing blocks, a tension roller journaled at opposite ends in said blocks, two adjusting screws in threaded engagement with said guide members, drive means operatively connected to one of said screws for adjusting the latter in either direction, and means including a reversible clutch for connecting said drive means to the other of said screws for adjusting the latter in the mine direction as or oppositely tosaid first mentioned screw, and an endless tool belt running over said rollers.

15. A surfacing machine comprising, in combination, an elongated horizontal bed. a work support mounted for longitudinal translation on said bed, a auriacing,tool mounted in position over said support and extending transversely thereof, said support having a longitudinally curved surface on which a worksheet is adapted to be mounted in fixed position and which is adapted to present the upper surface of the sheet in a fully curved condition to said tool, and being formed witl' internal cooling passages for dissipating heat from the sheet, means for adjusting the flnidung tool vertically to adapt same to the thickness of the sheet, and means for translating said support. 1

16. A machine of the character described comprising, ln combination, a bed, a table mounted for reciprocation on said bed, a transverse'drive drum on said bed, and two cables anchored to and wound oppositely on said drum and attached at their other ends respectively to opposite ends of said table, the longitudinal sections of said drum being of different diameters and each cable leaving the drum surface on an increased diameter when the cable approaches its limit position in unwinding from the drum.

17. A machine for surfacing thin work sheets comprising, in combination, an elongated horizontal bed having parallel longitudinal ways on the top, each way consisting of two straight sections inclined downwardly and oppositely toward the ends of said bed, an elongated table supported at opposite ends on the opposite end sections of said ways and being vertically spaced from said ways intermediate its ends, means for recipro- 'cating said table longitudinally ofv said bed, a surfacing tool operatively mounted over said table, and means for actuating said tool.

18. An abrading or polishing machine comprising, in combination, a work support and a tool support mounted for relative translation, two spaced rollers mounted in a common axial plane on said tool support, an endless tool belt running over said rollers, one of saidrollers being a pressure rollerfor presenting said belt to said work support, means for adjusting said rollers at one end relatively toward and from each other; means for adjusting said rollers at the other end relatively toward and from each other. and means.

having a common actuator andoperable selectively to actuate one or both of said two first mentioned means in independent directions, whereby said rollers may be disposed in different parallei spaced positions and in different angular relations.

CHARLES JOHNSON. JOSEPH 0. OLSEN.

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