US2072051A - Abrasive wheel - Google Patents

Abrasive wheel Download PDF

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Publication number
US2072051A
US2072051A US35881A US3588135A US2072051A US 2072051 A US2072051 A US 2072051A US 35881 A US35881 A US 35881A US 3588135 A US3588135 A US 3588135A US 2072051 A US2072051 A US 2072051A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bond
diamond
copper
grinding
wheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US35881A
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English (en)
Inventor
Pyl Edward Van Der
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Abrasives Inc
Original Assignee
Norton Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE416961D priority Critical patent/BE416961A/fr
Application filed by Norton Co filed Critical Norton Co
Priority to US35881A priority patent/US2072051A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2072051A publication Critical patent/US2072051A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
    • B24D3/08—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements for close-grained structure, e.g. using metal with low melting point
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to abrasive wheels and a method of making the same.
  • One object of the invention is to provide a low melting point metallic bond for diamonds.
  • object of the invention is to provide a grinding wheel for grinding very hard substances.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a grinding wheel comprising very hard grain and a bond suitable therefor. Another object of the invention is to provide a bond for diamond abrasive from which the diamonds may be recovered at small expense and without destruction of the diamonds. Another object of the invention is to provide a method of bonding carbonaceous grain which is effective and which may be carried out without burning the grain. Other objects will be in part obvious or in part pointed out hereinafter.
  • the invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangements of parts, and in the several steps and relation and order of each of said steps to one or more of the others thereof, all as will be illustratively described herein, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the following claims.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a grinding wheel con structed in accordance with certain features of the invention
  • Fig, 2 is a cross sectional view on the line 2-2 of Fig. l.
  • I provide diamond grit in finely divided or grain form.
  • Diamond grit which, because of its extreme hardness and its other qualities, constitutes probably the best abrasive substance known, exists in a form commercially known as bort" which iscommercially available in sumcient quantities and at such prices that it may be used for .the manufacture of grinding wheels and other abrasive bodies. While bort is expensive, nevertheless on account of the great 5 superiority of the diamond for abradant purposes, the wheel formed thereof has many practlcal uses and advantages.
  • I provide bond in the form of a powdered lloy.
  • powdered bond might be a mixture of two or more metallic'powders, I prefer to proceed as follows.
  • finer grit size of bort will be used.
  • the mesh size of the metallic bond may also vary between wide limits; I merely note that using mesh diamond grit, powdered bond of 200 mesh is highly practical, but other mesh sizes of the bond may be used even with the given size of diamond grit.
  • the mixing of the grit with the bond may be accomplished manually, for although machine methods might be used, the bort or diamond dust is so valuable as to dictate care in the mixing to avoid loss of diamond. Setting apart a measured or desired quantity of mixed bond and bort, I
  • This mold may take any form.
  • abrasive body is a wheel
  • the shape of the mold is an annulus.
  • the material of the mold I prefer graphite, on account of its many desirable properties, such as, that it may be easily destroyed to remove theformed wheel; it has an afiinity for oxygen thus inhibiting oxidation of the materials of the wheel; it is reasonably inexpensive; it may be easily machined into desired form or shape; it will not melt and will not go to pieces under any temperatures which I contemplate. using.
  • the pressure range is wide, and the heat employed is such as to cause sintering of the bond at the pressure employed or under the conditions of intimate union achieved.
  • I may cold press the bond and abrasive grain, heating the substance thereafter.
  • I- might use a mold other than graphite hr connection with 55 plunger and pressure mechanism, heating the formed or green wheel on a bat".
  • the union of the metallic grain after. it has been pressed is such that it may be formed into a practically in- 5 tegral mass lwhich will tightly hold the abrasive bodies by heat treating at a temperature which does not completely melt to a' liquid state but per.
  • Example Ie-I form an alloy of 68% copper and 32% tin.
  • This alloy is a bronze having brittle characteristics. Although the exact proportions indicated need not be employed, nevertheless I prefer to use something around these proportions as this is a fairly critical range and substantially difierent pro rtions of copper and tin do not 35 have the sam characteristics.
  • This alloy melts at 750 C. and enables me to sinter it at a temperature at which there is very little danger of oxidizing the diamonds.
  • Example 2.I make an alloyof copper and nickel, 35-50% of copper and 65-50% of nickel. This also has brittle characterics and is tough.
  • Example 3.-I make an alloy comprising approximately 85% copper with 15% aluminum. This melts at around 1050 C. and has brittle characteristics but is fairlytough. y 4
  • Example 4.I make an alloy of copper and manganese, 65% or more of copper and 35-20% of manganese. This melts at 900 C. and has the properties of toughness and brittleness desired.
  • Example 5I use nearly pure copper but mix in with it a very small proportion, from a trace to ⁇ 1% or 2%, of beryllium (glucinium). Copper melts at 1065 C. or thereabouts.
  • the central part in the form of 15 a non-grinding disk or annulus.
  • a small internal grinding wheel having a length on the. order of half its diameter, may comprise grinding substance and be attached by mounting directly upon a spindle
  • a cutting- 20 off wheel or a large sized wheel for the grinding of the cemented tungsten carbides and other hard substances it is generally found economical to secure what amounts to an annular band of diamond grinding material to a central disk having 25 a hole therein. Therefore, a distinct problem has arisen in attaching the inside of the annular band of grinding substance to the periphery of the central supporting disk. If the union between the parts is weak, fracture will result and this 30 destroys the grinding wheel which may have a market value in the neighborhood of from $50 to $200.
  • I may provide a thin aluminumdisk, or a disk of any other metal, and form my grinding substance inthe shape of an annular band whose inside diameter is the same as the outside diameter of the disk. I may then 40 unite the disk to the grinding band by brazing, soldering, preferably with silver solder, or by any other metallurgical operation for integrally uniting metals, such as welding or the like, and the result is an integral structure of central support- 5 ing metallic disk having an annular band of grinding substance on its periphery including diamond grain bonded in a metal bond.
  • the central supporting disk should be no thicker than the annular 5o band of grinding material.
  • I provide a central disk III which may be made of any suitable metal, such as aluminum.
  • I form an abrasive annulus ll whose 55 inside diameter is the same as the outside diameter of the disk I0.
  • I then attach together the disk in and the annulus II by means of silver solder l2 or otherwise in accordance with the foregoing.
  • the disk 10 has a central 0 hole l3.
  • the bonds of the invention are more in the nature of a matrix than the common vitrified bonds, and they are harder and tougher than the artificial resinous bonds, and have properties dif ferent from those of a rubber bond, and the properties of the bonds of this invention are highly desirable in combination with grain of extreme hardness such as diamond and boron carbide, on Mohs scale extension I5 and I4 respectively.
  • An abrasive body comprising diamond grain and a copper nickel bond.
  • An abrasive body comprising diamond grain and a copper aluminum bond.
  • An abrasive body comprising diamond grain and a copper manganese bond.
  • An abrasive body comprising diamond grain and bond consisting of copper and an additional element imparting brittleness to the copper.
  • An abrasive body comprising diainondgrain and a metallic bond consisting of copper and an additional metal adapted to impart brittleness to the copper and comprising one of the group consisting oi' nickel, aluminum and manganese, the
  • proportion of the additional metal being such as will impart the brittleness.
  • a grinding wheel comprising a metal disk integrally united to an annular outside band comprising diamond grain bonded with metal, both the disk and the band including aluminum.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
US35881A 1935-08-12 1935-08-12 Abrasive wheel Expired - Lifetime US2072051A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE416961D BE416961A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1935-08-12
US35881A US2072051A (en) 1935-08-12 1935-08-12 Abrasive wheel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US35881A US2072051A (en) 1935-08-12 1935-08-12 Abrasive wheel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2072051A true US2072051A (en) 1937-02-23

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US (1) US2072051A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE416961A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2595360A (en) * 1947-02-07 1952-05-06 Arthur J Holman Equatorial generator for multiple lens grinding
US2800753A (en) * 1954-01-27 1957-07-30 Norton Co Diamond cut-off wheel
US2978847A (en) * 1957-12-24 1961-04-11 Philips Corp Abrasive cutting wheel
US3369879A (en) * 1964-11-19 1968-02-20 Super Cut Method of making a peripheral diamond grinding wheel
US3383807A (en) * 1964-11-19 1968-05-21 Super Cut Peripheral diamond grinding wheel
US3487590A (en) * 1967-02-02 1970-01-06 Itt Reinforced grinding wheel
US6206766B1 (en) * 1997-05-13 2001-03-27 August Heinr. Schmidt Gmbh & Co. Kg Maschinenfabrik Grinding wheel
US20090017727A1 (en) * 2007-07-13 2009-01-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Structured abrasive with overlayer, and method of making and using the same
US8579681B2 (en) 1998-07-31 2013-11-12 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Rotary dressing tool containing brazed diamond layer

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2595360A (en) * 1947-02-07 1952-05-06 Arthur J Holman Equatorial generator for multiple lens grinding
US2800753A (en) * 1954-01-27 1957-07-30 Norton Co Diamond cut-off wheel
US2978847A (en) * 1957-12-24 1961-04-11 Philips Corp Abrasive cutting wheel
US3369879A (en) * 1964-11-19 1968-02-20 Super Cut Method of making a peripheral diamond grinding wheel
US3383807A (en) * 1964-11-19 1968-05-21 Super Cut Peripheral diamond grinding wheel
US3487590A (en) * 1967-02-02 1970-01-06 Itt Reinforced grinding wheel
US6206766B1 (en) * 1997-05-13 2001-03-27 August Heinr. Schmidt Gmbh & Co. Kg Maschinenfabrik Grinding wheel
US8579681B2 (en) 1998-07-31 2013-11-12 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Rotary dressing tool containing brazed diamond layer
US20090017727A1 (en) * 2007-07-13 2009-01-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Structured abrasive with overlayer, and method of making and using the same
US8038750B2 (en) * 2007-07-13 2011-10-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Structured abrasive with overlayer, and method of making and using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE416961A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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