US2071798A

US2071798A - Refrigeration

Info

Publication number: US2071798A
Application number: US714577A
Authority: US
Inventors: James N Lewis
Original assignee: LEWIS REFRIGERATION Inc
Current assignee: LEWIS REFRIGERATION Inc
Priority date: 1934-03-08
Filing date: 1934-03-08
Publication date: 1937-02-23
Anticipated expiration: 1954-02-23

Description

Paten-recrea z3, 1937 l l i y 2,071,798

f UNITED STATES PATENTol-FICE Y aumomnon James N. Columbus, Ohio, assigner to Lewis Refrigeration, Inc., Columbus, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Appuccuonmrclrs, 1934, serial No. '114,577r

s claims; (ol. ca -91.5)

The present invention relates to refrigeration rial-placed within the chamber upon the grating'. processes and means and particularly to the In one end of chamber I2 is a third and smaller maintenance of refrigeration temperatures in enchamber 20 extending vertically alongside :of closures of room size though with suitable modichamber l2 and communicating with the 'space 5 flcation the processes and means may be adapted below the grating through a suitable conduit 2|. 5 to larger or smaller units. This chamber 20 will be closed at the-top but Among the objects of the invention is a process will have an outlet conduit 22 leading therefrom and means utilizing the potential refrigeration of at a point somewhat below its top, and extending solid carbon dioxide, known as dry-ice" and so to-a header 23 located near the ceiling ofl enclolll referred to hereinafter. sure lil and preferably extending across the latin Another object is a process and means for ter. 'Ihis header has connected to it a plurality exercising control over the sublimation of this of conduits 24 extending the length of the enclomaterial and the distribution of its influence in sure near the ceiling and leading into a second the desiredy manner. header 2E at the other end. f

- Heretofore dry ice has been used for the pur- From the second header 28 an outlet vpipe 28 le pose of refrigeration but no simple lmeans for extends vertically to the bottom of the chamber controlling its action has been devised. Thereand out through the` bottom or side wall thereof sults have been unsatisfactory in uneven cooling to the exterior. Ne r the outlet end 2l of conduit or waste. 2B will be located pumping device shown best Still another object of the invention` therefore in Figurev 5. which device may consist of a fan "20 1S t0 eliminate these Objections and provide a 30 operable through suitable gearing 3| byamomethod of and means for obtaining uniform contor 32 receiving its current from a suitable source trolled temperatures in the refrigerated space of supply lndicatedat sa by the conventional with a minimum of loss in refrigerant. representation of a storage battery. This motor Other Objects and advantages Will readily 0C- 32 will be controlledv by means of a. suitablether- 25 e111 t0 those Skilled inihe art up0n'l`efelene mostat 40 located within the enclosure i@ and to the following description and the accompanyi preferably near the center or the space to be ins'drawine'in which refrigerated. l

Figure l is a horizontal section through an when 9, supplyof dry ice is in chamber i2, enclosure to be refrigerated, taken on line i-i which is we11- insulated, this material will only 30 3 of Figure 2 and indicating the use of the invenslowly sublime and the gas so produced will flow tion. in a leisurely manner out through the conduits 22 Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section on to 25 and discharge to the atmosphere, but ow line Z--2 0f Figure 1. at such slow rate that very little refrigeration is Figurev 3 is a section on line 0f Figure 2 produced. when the temperature in the encioasI 35 Figure 4 iS a Section 0n line 1 0f Figure 2, sure l0 reaches a predetermined upper limit the but somewhat enlarged, and thermostat 40 will operate to start the motor 32 Figure 5 is an enlarged detail Showing the. and pump 30 toreduce the pressure within the Dump unit- A conduits and chamber i2, so that sublimation of An enclosure to be refrigerated is indicated at the dry ice is increased and there will be a. more go i0 being provided with a layer of insulating matecopious 110W of, the com gas through the conrial Il which will extend entirely around the enduits, Being located near the upper ceiling of closure at the t0n. -botwm and sides s0 as to rrothe enclosure the cold gas flowing through the vide against undue inilow of heat to the conconduits W11] of course cool the warmer upper @elite thel'eef- At One end 0f the enClOSllle 91' at air in the enclosure and cause air circulation to be 45 any other suitable location or locations will be established, so that, in a short space of time the provided a smaller chamber i2 also well rinsuentue body of slr will bereduced in temperetme.

' lated, both fromthe exterior and fromthe main Whe'n thetemperature im; reached a, predeter- Dertien 0f enclosure m The main Pall 0f cham' mined lower limit, the thermostat will operate to ber I2 will be provided with a gratins I3 spaced stop the motor and pump and sublimation o: the to somewhat from the bottom to provide a small dry ice wiiilbe retarded. l

passage i4 and will have its side walls corrugated In order to increase the sublimation, there may or iluted as indicated atfi. This chamber is inl be provided 9, smal] heatingelement 4g in cham..

tended t0 Contain the SUDDIXLO dry-lee. indicated ber I2 so arranged that it is always in contact with:

at I8, as consisting of suitable blocks of the mateor closely adjacent the upper surface of the drysuch a. heater is used for adding stim ice supply. Element 45 may take the form of a. fiat plate or box containing a resistance heated coil 46 -to which current will be supplied through the flexible extensible leads 41 so that, as the supply of dry-ice diminishes and then-upper surface lowers, the plate 45 can follow d When us to the sublimation, it may be supplied with current during the operation of the motor or it may be operated only temporarily sov as to initiate sublimation, rather than to continue to heat. In either'case the thermostatic control 4|! may be arranged to provide for closing the circuit through the heater I5 temporarily or continuously during pump operation as determined to be best under the conditions of operation.

During the sublimation of the dry-'ice the gas formed will fall'to the bottomiof chamber I2 into the space` I4 and fiowinto the chamber 2li from which it is drawn by the pump. In^ order to provide for free movement of the gas in chamber I2 the walls IB are corrugated to provide vertical channels.

While-the plate 45 is described as providing a stimulus for the sublimation..it is of course to be understoodv that decreasing the pressure in chamvber i2 also stimulates the sublimation.

The present invention is particularly suitable for the refrigeration of railroad cars and for large drawing of! gases from the second compartment and discharging them to the outside atmosphere. i, 2. A refrigerator comprising a heat insulated storage compartment,V asecond heat insulated compartment add acent to but heat insulated from the storage compartment, an uninsulated conduit \connected to'the bottom portion of said second compartment and extending through the rst compartment to the exterior thereof, and means in said conduit for drawing oil.' gases from the second compartment and discharging them to the outside atmosphere.

3. A refrigerator comprising a heat insulated storage compartment, a second heat insulated compartment adjacent to but heat insulated from the storage compartment and provided with a supporting grating or the like spaced from the bottom thereof, an uninsulated conduit connected to the bottom portion of said second compartment and extending through the first compartment to the exterior thereof, and means in said conduit for drawing off gases from the second compartment and discharging -them to the outside atmosphere.

4. A refrigerator comprising a heat insulated 1 storagecompartment, a second heat insulated enclosures such as the refrigerators used by meat markets and the like, but it is ofcourse to be understood that suitable modication willrender it useful for smaller or larger units such as household refrigerators or household air conditioning.

Now having described the invention and the preferred embodiment thereof, it is to be understood thatl said invention is tobe limited, not to the specic' detailsherein set forth, but only by the scope of the claims which follow.

What I claim is:-

1. Arefrigerator comprising a heat insulated storage compartment, `a second heat insulated compartment adjacent to but heat insulated from the storage compartment, an uninsulated conduit ing "through the ilrst compartment to theexopeningto said second compartment and extend- Y compartment adjacent to but heat insulated from the storage compartment and provided with a supporting grating or the like spaced from the bottom thereof an'uninsulated conduit connected to the bottom portion of said second compartment and extending through the iirst compartment to lthe exterior thereofeand with vertically iluted side Walls, and means in said conduit 'for drawing oiI gases from the second compartment and discharging them to the outside atmosphere.

5. A refrigerator comprising a heat insulated storage compartment, a second heat insulated compartment adjacent to but heat insulated from the storage compartment, an uninsulated conduit opening` to said second compartment and extending through the iirstbompartment to the exterior thereof, means in said conduit for drawing ot! gases from the second compartment and discharging them to the outside atmosphere, and thermostatic means for intermittently causing operation of said drawing off means.

JAMES N. LEWIS.