US2071744A

US2071744A - Aeroplane

Info

Publication number: US2071744A
Application number: US729083A
Authority: US
Inventors: Anathor-Henrikson Henrik
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1934-06-05
Filing date: 1934-06-05
Publication date: 1937-02-23
Anticipated expiration: 1954-02-23

Description

Feb. 23, 1937- H. ANATHOR-HENRIKSON 2,071,744

AEROPLANE Filed June 5, 1934 4 Sheet$ Sheet 1 AT ORNEY Feb. 23, 1937. H. ANATHOR-HENRIKSON 2,071,744

AEROPLANE Filed June 5, 1954 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Feb. 23, 1937. H. ANATHOR-HENRIKSON 2,071,744

AEROPLANE Filed June 5, 1954 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 v MM AT TO R N EYE,

Patented Feb. 23, 1937 imaormivn Henrik Anathor-Hem'lkson, West annewood N application June 5,1934, Serial No. 729,083 9 Claims. (01. 244-23) The present invention relates to aeroplanes and embodies, more specifically. an improved aeroplane construction by means of which the hovering ability of the plane may be greatly increased over existingtypes of constructions. More particularly, the invention embodies mechanism by a means of which vertical movements of the plane may be greatly facilitated. a

Heretofore mechanism has been provided by means of which the hovering and vertical movement of planes may be facilitated, this existing fform bf mechanism embodying mechanical devices such as'propellers lying in horizontal planes, etc., and the functioning of these mechanisms not only is less effective than if designed for a plane which is not designed primarily for horizontal travel but the resulting structure is frequently such as to add great weight to the plane and seriously impair its speed of travel in horizontal directions. Moreover, such existing mechanisms are rather inefficient in operation.

Anobject of the invention, accordingly, is to provide a means by which an aeroplane of the usual form, designed for fast horizontal travel may be manoeuvred vertically with facility.

A further object of the invention is to provide in combination with the usual aeroplane mechanism for horizontal travel a means for manoeuvring the plane vertically, the means employing portions of the plane which are necessary for horizontal travel. v

A further object of the invention is to provide a device of the above character wherein the means for facilitating vertical movement of the plane is comparatively inexpensive and of little weight and does not impair the efiiciency of the plane.

A further object of the invention is to provide mechanism of the above character wherein means is incorporated for utilizing the usual wings of the aeroplane as a barrier upon opposite sides of which regions of high and low pressure may be I created to facilitate the hovering and vertical -manoeuvres of the plane.

A further object of the invention is to provide a device of the above character wherein means is provided for discharging the exhaust gases of the plane through the wing areas to effect heating of the wingsand thus preventing an accumulation of ice and snow.

A further object of the invention is to provide in combination with a means of the above character, a structure such as to create vortices above and below the wing structure of a plane to increase the vertical manoeuvring ability thereof.

, Further objects, not specifically enumerated above, will be apparent as the invention is described in greater detail in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a plan view partly broken away and in section showing an aeroplane constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 2 is a view in section, taken on line 2--2 of Figure 1, and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 3 is a view in section, taken on line 3-3 of Figure l, and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 4 is a detail plan view showing the fan mechanism of Figure 3. a

Figure 515 an enlarged detail view of a wing of an aeroplane constructed in accordance with the present invention, showing a modified form thereof, this view showing the apertures in the arrows.

Figure 8 is a view in section, taken on line 8-8 of Figure 5, and looking in the direction of the arrows. I Figure 9 is a plan view showing the hull and tail structure of an aeroplane constructed in accordance with the present invention, provided with means by which ice and snow may be prevented from accumulating on the ailerons and associated structure.

Figure 10 is a view in section, taken on line Ill-I of Figure 9, and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 11 is a view in section, taken on line I l-ll of Figure 9, and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 12-is a segmental view showing the form vof one of the apertures shown in Figures and 6.

I Figure 13 is a view in section, taken on line l3l3 of Figure 12, and looking in the direction of the arrows.

The present invention is a continuation in part of applicants copending application Ser. No. 705,089, filed January 3, 1934, and incorporates certain additional features which will be described hereinafter.

In the construction shown in Figures l through 4, l indicates the hull of an aeroplane provided with wings 2 upon the opposite sides thereof. The

upper surfaces of wings 2 are formed with apertures 3 which communicate with ducts 4, extending longitudinally of the wings. The ducts 4 are formed by angularly disposed partition members 3 and communicating with the suction chambers 5 of impellers 6 located in the fuselage of the plane.

The impellers 6 may be driven from a power shaft through suitable gear connections I and are provided with pressure or discharge chambers 9 which communicate with pressure ducts l formed between the partition members 3' and communicating with apertures ll, formed in the undersides of the wings 2. Control valves or dampers l 2 may be provided to facilitate the control of the flow of air through the respective ducts and, in operation, the fans or impellers 6 are driven to draw air in through the apertures 3 and create a suction of the upper sides of the wings 2, the air being discharged through the apertures l I to create a region of relatively high pressure beneath the wings, thus exerting an appreciable lifting force thereon.

In the construction shown in Figures through 8, certain of the openings I 3 in the upper surface of the wings 2 are positioned in such fashion as to form an Archimedean spiral around the center of gravity H of the respective wings. On one side of a longitudinal line passing through the center of gravity of the wing, inlet ports or openings l5 are formed all extending in one direction. On the other side of this longitudinal line openings or ports l6 are formed, all extending in a common direction. The direction or planes in which the openings l5 and i6 lie intersect approximately in the longitudinal line above referred to and form acute angles which, with the longitudinal line, form a plurality of Ys, as viewed from the fuselage of the machine. As a result, the flow of air into the wing is such as to form a vortex about the center of gravity of the wing and thus, by reason of the whirling motion of the air, the suction created is substantially increased.

On the underside of the wing, as viewed in Figure 7, openings l1 and I8 are formed in the wing on the outer end thereof with respect to the center of gravity of the wing. On the underside of the center of gravity of the wing, openings l9 and 20 are formed, these openings lying in planes which form acute angles with a longitudinal line passing through the center of gravity of the wing, the planes in which the openings i9 and 20 lie, together with the longitudinal center line of the wing forming Y's, as viewed from the end of the wing. About the center of gravity Id of the wings are formed openings 2! which are arranged in the form of an Archimedean spiral and thus cause air to be directed from the wing with a whirling motion. The direction and manner in which air is directed from the openings l1, l8, l9 and 20 is such as to cause the air streams from the openings to converge in the region of the spiral. By creating a vortex or whirling column of air directed downwardly from the wing below the center of gravity thereof and bycausi'ng the confluence of the aforementioned air streams to coincide with this whirling column, the pressure effect created beneath the wing is greatly increased.

As' shown in Figures 12 and 13, the inner sides of the wings areformed with deflectors 22 which direct the air streams through the respective openings in a desired manner. Obviously, the form and arrangement of these openings should follow the best engineering practice in order to utilize the full efficiency of the air flow upon oppositesides of the wings and the particular arrangement shown in the drawings is not necessarily illustrative of the most effective arrangement.

In order that the accumulation of ice and snow on the wings may be avoided, the exhaust from the engine is directed from the exhaust pipe through an extension pipe line 23 and discharged through outlet 24 which directs the exhaust through the discharge ducts II). In this fashion,

the surfaces of the wings are heated and any such accumulation prevented or destroyed.

In the construction shown in Figures 9, l0, and 11, discharge ducts 25 communicate with the pressure side of the impellers 6 and direct air rearwardly into outlet manifolds 26 which are formed with nozzles 21 which direct the air rearwardly over the control fins 28. In this fashion, the control fins may be turned upon their horizontal axes and the air is directed upon either side thereof to facilitate the control of the machine.

While the invention has been described with specific reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not to be limited, save as defined in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. An aeroplane having means forming an air deflecting surface for normal travel, and ducts and apertures formed in the said means, the apertures and ducts being spirally oriented to create a region above the surface of rarefied air having a whirling motion.

2. An aeroplane having means forming an air deflecting surface for normal travel, and ducts and apertures formed in the said means, the apertures and ducts being spirally oriented to create a region above the surface of rarefied air having a whirling motion, about an axis passing through the center of gravity of the surface.

3. An aeroplane having means forming an air deflecting surface for normal travel, spirally oriented ducts and apertures formed in the upper surface of said means to create a region above the surface of rarefied air having a whirling motion, and spirally oriented ducts and apertures formed in the upper surface of said means to create fiow of air above and toward the surface at angles to a line perpendicular to the normal direction of travel.

4. An aeroplane having means forming an air deflecting surface for normal travel, spirally oriented ducts and apertures formed in the upper surface of said means to create a region above the surface of rarefied air having a whirling motion about an axis passing through the center of gravity of the surface, and spirally oriented ducts and apertures formed in the upper surface of said means to create flow of air above and toward the surface at angles to a line perpendicular to the normal direction of travel and passing through the center of gravity of the surface.

5. An aeroplane having means forming an air deflecting surface for normal travel, and ducts and apertures formed in the said means, the apertures and ducts being spirally oriented to create an air pressure region below the surface having a whirling motion.

6. An aeroplane having means forming an air deflecting surface for normal travel, and ducts and apertures formed in the said means, the apertures and ducts being spirally oriented to create an air pressure region below the surface having a whirling motion about an axis passing through the center of gravity of the surface.

'7. An aeroplane having means forming an air deflecting surface for normal travel, spirally orientedducts and apertures formed in the upper surface of'said means to create an air pressure region below the surface having a whirling motion, and spirally oriented ducts and apertures formed in the uppersurface of said means to create fiow of air beneath and away from the surface in a plurality of converging paths.

8. An aeroplane having means forming an air deflecting surface for normal n'travel, spirally oriented ducts and apertures formed in the upper surface of said means to create an air pressure region below the surface having a whirling motion, and spirally oriented ducts and aperturesformed. in the upper surface of said means to create a-flow of air beneath and away from the surface in a plurality of paths converging about the axis of the whirling air.

9. An aeroplane having means forming an air deflecting surface for normal travel, spirally oriented ducts and apertures formed in theupper surface of said means to create an air pressure region below the surface having a whirling motion, and spirally oriented ducts and apertures formed in the upper surface of said means to craate flow of air beneath and away from the surface in a plurality of converging paths on each side of a line perpendicular to the direction of travel of the aeroplane and passing through