US2065032A - Calendering - Google Patents

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US2065032A
US2065032A US2065032DA US2065032A US 2065032 A US2065032 A US 2065032A US 2065032D A US2065032D A US 2065032DA US 2065032 A US2065032 A US 2065032A
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paper
casing
hood
fluid
drying
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F5/02—Drying on cylinders
    • D21F5/022—Heating the cylinders
    • D21F5/024—Heating the cylinders using electrical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B13/00—Machines and apparatus for drying fabrics, fibres, yarns, or other materials in long lengths, with progressive movement
    • F26B13/10—Arrangements for feeding, heating or supporting materials; Controlling movement, tension or position of materials
    • F26B13/14—Rollers, drums, cylinders; Arrangement of drives, supports, bearings, cleaning
    • F26B13/16—Rollers, drums, cylinders; Arrangement of drives, supports, bearings, cleaning perforated in combination with hot air blowing or suction devices, e.g. sieve drum dryers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the calenderv ing, drying and like treatment of materials such as paper, board or the like.
  • a method of drying paper, board or like material according to the present invention consists in applying one side of the paper to a heated metallic surface and applying a drying fluid at a temperature higher than that of the paper in the form of a number of high velocity jets directly on to the other side of the paper so as to set up a rapid convectional drying eflect in addition to the conductional drying effect of the metallic surface.
  • drying fluid is circulated in a closed path and is projected on to the paper whilst flowing in such closed path.
  • the fluid is projected on to the paper at an angle thereto, that is not parallel thereto.
  • the drying fluid may be air, gas, or superheated steam.
  • the metallic surface may be formed by the periphery of a drying cylinder or roll or alternatively it may be formed on one side of a metallic conveyor band preferably an endless conveyor band to which heat is applied on the side remote from the paper.
  • each jet of fluid extends continuously across the width of the paper and the width at projection may be slightly greater than the width of the paper.
  • the projection of the jets of fluid on to the paper is advisable to arrange for the projection of the jets of fluid on to the paper to take place within a hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper, so that if desired, the fluid can be drawn by means of a fan from the hood and reprojected in jets on to the paper so as to cause flow of the fluid in a closed path and means may be provided for admitting fresh fluid to the closed path and for rejecting part of the used fluid.
  • a hood is employed this may be located adjacent the periphery of a drying roll.
  • the speed of the fluid may lie between 10 and 32 feet per second. Speeds less than 10 feet per second may be employed where it is desired that the drying shall take place at a comparatively slower rate.
  • a paper-making machine may include one or more cylinders or rolls over which the paper web engages and a casing for the reception of the drying fluid which is located adjacent the path of the paper and has convergent nozzles directed towards the path of the paper for projecting the drying fluid in high velocity jets on to the paper at an angle thereto.
  • a hood may be arranged over a portion of the paper path to enclose said casing and a fan or impellor may also be located within the casing.
  • a motor for driving the fan may be mounted on a wall of the casing and may have its axis parallel with the paper web or at right angles thereto.
  • the fan may be mounted at some distance from the casing and may be connected thereto by suitable ducts.
  • the fan may draw the drying fluid from the hood and may discharge the same to the casing.
  • a suitable heater may be provided for warming the fluid between the impeller and the said casing.
  • the hood may be hinged about an axis extending widthwise of the casing to enable it together with the casing to be displaced from the paper for inspection purposes.
  • the invention is very particularly applicable ,to paper-making machines of the M. G. type in which case the hood is arranged over a portion of the periphery of the drying cylinder.
  • a single fan and heater and nozzle casing may be arranged within a single hood and a number of such hoods may be provided on a single M. G. cylinder, but alternatively one hood extending over a considerable portion of the periphery of the drying cylinder may enclose a number of fan heater and nozzle casing assemblies, or again a number of nozzle casings located within a single hood may be fed from a single fan through one or more heaters.
  • the hood may completely enclose the fan, heater and casing, but in the case where air is employed as the drying fluid an opening or openings may be provided in the casing to permit admission of fresh air to the hood and for the discharge of used air.
  • the invention may also be applied to the cylinders of a Fourdrinier machine where the paper is not covered by felts and if desired the fluid may be projected on to the paper in a region where it forms a pocket as it passes over three consecutive rolls or cylinders having their axes triangularly disposed.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevation with half of the hood removed.
  • Figure 2 is a side sectional view on the line A--A of Figure 1 but showing only part of the drying cylinder.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view on the line 3-3 of Figure 2.
  • a hood I whose side walls are built up of plates 2 extends over a portion of the periphery of a drying cylinder 3,"and is hingedly mounted and supported through a hinge 4 by Bracket members 5.
  • a fan 6 located within the casing and driven by a motor I is connected through a duct 8 with a heater '9, the duct 8 having guide plates or vanes Ill at its end near the heater for the purpose of distributing the drying fluid substantially uniformly through the heater.
  • the heater is connected to a casing ll having two sets of ve-.
  • locity nozzles l2, l3 formed in its face the nozzles l2, l3 being inclined at an angle towards the paper and directed towards one another, that is towards the centre of the casing.
  • Means not shown are provided for supplying fresh fluid to the circuit and the fresh fluid may be supplied either directly to the heater or to the eye of the fan. If desired, the fan may be provided with an additional set of plates located nearer to the motor than the rotor shown in the drawings'for the purpose of drawing inextra fluid.
  • the heater is preferably fed with steam by an inlet IS the outlet from the heater being shown at l1.
  • the motor! is secured on the top or side wall of the hood, but if desired it may be secured for the sake of convenience in an end wall of the hood, the position of the fan being correspondingly altered.
  • a machine for paper making including at least one heated metallic member over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper on said metallic member, a casing between said hood and said metallic member having a wall adjacent the path of the paper and having groups of velocity nozzles in said wall, the nozzles-of one group being oppositely inclined with respect to the nozzles of an adjacent group, and an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge the fluid to said casing for ejection through said nozzles onto the paper.
  • a machine for paper making including atleast one drying cylinder over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper on said drying cylinder, a casing between said hood and said drying cylinder having a wall adjacent the path of the paper and having groups of velocity nozzles in said wall, the nozzles of one group being oppositely inclined with respect to the nozzles of an adjacent group, and an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge the fluid to said casing for ejection through said nozzles onto the paper.
  • a machine for paper making including at least one drying cylinder over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper on said drying cylinder, a casing between said hood and said drying cylinder having a wall adjacent the path of the paper, said wall having spaced transverse velocity nozzles projecting therefrom to form transverse passages along said wall between the nozzles, and an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge'the fluid to the casing for ejection through the said nozzles onto the paper, the fluid being adapted to travel along said transverse passages between the nozzles on its return to the impeller.
  • a machine for paper making including at least one heated metallic member over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hobd extending over a portion of the path of the paper on said metallic member, a casing carried by said hood and having a wall adjacent the paper on said metallic member, velocity nozzles in the said wall of said casing directed toward the paper, an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge the fluid to said casing for ejection through said nozzles onto the paper, a duct leading from said impeller to said casing for conveying the drying fluid, and a heater arranged in said duct for heating the fluid before its entrance into said casing.
  • a machine for paper making including at least one heated metallic member over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper on said metallic member, a casing carried by said hood and having a wall adjacent the paper on said metallic member, velocity nozzles in the said wall of said casing directed toward the paper, an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge the fluid to said casi for ejection through said nozzles onto the paper, a duct leading from said impeller to said casing for conveying the drying fluid to the casing, a heater arranged in said duct immediately before its entrance to said casing, and distributing plates arranged in said duct in advance of said heater whereby to uniformly distribute the drying fluid over the heater during its passage therethrough.
  • a machine for paper making including at least one heated metallic member over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper and hinged to the machine, a casing between said hood and said metallic member having a wall adjacent the paper, velocity nozzles in said wall of said casing directed toward the paper, and an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge the fluid to said casing for ejection through said nozzles onto the paper.
  • a machine for paper making including at least one drying cylinder over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper and hinged to the machine about an axis parallel to the axis of said drying cylinder, a casing between said hood and said drying cylinder having a wall adjacent the paper, velocity nozzles in said wall of said casing directed toward the paper, and an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge the fluid to said casing for ejection through said nozzles onto the paper.
  • a machine for paper making including at least one drying cylinder over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper on said cylinder and having the edges of the side walls thereof curved to correspond to the curvature of such cylinder, a casing carried by said hood between the side walls thereof and having a similarly curved wall adjacent the path of the paper, velocity nozzles in said wall of said casing directed toward the paper and an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge the fluid to said casing for ejection through said nozzles onto the paper.
  • a machine for paper making including a drying cylinder over which the paper is conveyed, a hood having the side walls thereof curved to correspond to the curvature of said cylinder, said hood being hinged to the machine to permit angular displacement relative thereto.
  • a casing carried by said hood within the side walls thereoi and having a curved wall adjacent and parallel to said cylinder, velocity nozzles in said curved wall of said casing directed toward the paper, an impeller carried by said hood and adapted to draw drying fluid from the hood, a duet located entirely within the hood and leading from said impeller to said casing, distributing plates located in said duct for uniformly distributing the drying fluid passing therethrough, and a heater located in said duct between said distributing plates and said casing whereby the drying fluid is uniformly heated before it passes into said casing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Description

Dec. 22, 1936. w w spoo 2,065,032
CALENDERING. DRYING, OR LIKE TREATMENT OF MATERIALS Filed Sept. 8, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. 22, 1936. SPOONER 2,065,032
CALENDERING. DRYING, OR LIKE TREATMENT OF MATERIALS Filed Sept. 8, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 jPvme/z rofr Patented Dec. 22, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE GALENDEBING, DRYING, OR LIKE TREAT- MENT OF MATERIALS William Wycliffe Spooner, Ilkley, England 9 Claims.
The present invention relates to the calenderv ing, drying and like treatment of materials such as paper, board or the like.
A method of drying paper, board or like material according to the present invention consists in applying one side of the paper to a heated metallic surface and applying a drying fluid at a temperature higher than that of the paper in the form of a number of high velocity jets directly on to the other side of the paper so as to set up a rapid convectional drying eflect in addition to the conductional drying effect of the metallic surface.
Preferably the drying fluid is circulated in a closed path and is projected on to the paper whilst flowing in such closed path.
The fluid is projected on to the paper at an angle thereto, that is not parallel thereto.
The drying fluid may be air, gas, or superheated steam. The metallic surface may be formed by the periphery of a drying cylinder or roll or alternatively it may be formed on one side of a metallic conveyor band preferably an endless conveyor band to which heat is applied on the side remote from the paper. Preferably each jet of fluid extends continuously across the width of the paper and the width at projection may be slightly greater than the width of the paper.
It is advisable to arrange for the projection of the jets of fluid on to the paper to take place within a hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper, so that if desired, the fluid can be drawn by means of a fan from the hood and reprojected in jets on to the paper so as to cause flow of the fluid in a closed path and means may be provided for admitting fresh fluid to the closed path and for rejecting part of the used fluid. Where a hood is employed this may be located adjacent the periphery of a drying roll.
The speed of the fluid may lie between 10 and 32 feet per second. Speeds less than 10 feet per second may be employed where it is desired that the drying shall take place at a comparatively slower rate.
A paper-making machine according to the present invention may include one or more cylinders or rolls over which the paper web engages and a casing for the reception of the drying fluid which is located adjacent the path of the paper and has convergent nozzles directed towards the path of the paper for projecting the drying fluid in high velocity jets on to the paper at an angle thereto.
A hood may be arranged over a portion of the paper path to enclose said casing and a fan or impellor may also be located within the casing. A motor for driving the fan may be mounted on a wall of the casing and may have its axis parallel with the paper web or at right angles thereto.
If desired, the fan may be mounted at some distance from the casing and may be connected thereto by suitable ducts.
Thus, the fan may draw the drying fluid from the hood and may discharge the same to the casing.
A suitable heater may be provided for warming the fluid between the impeller and the said casing. The hood may be hinged about an axis extending widthwise of the casing to enable it together with the casing to be displaced from the paper for inspection purposes.
The invention is very particularly applicable ,to paper-making machines of the M. G. type in which case the hood is arranged over a portion of the periphery of the drying cylinder. If desired, a single fan and heater and nozzle casing may be arranged within a single hood and a number of such hoods may be provided on a single M. G. cylinder, but alternatively one hood extending over a considerable portion of the periphery of the drying cylinder may enclose a number of fan heater and nozzle casing assemblies, or again a number of nozzle casings located within a single hood may be fed from a single fan through one or more heaters. The hood may completely enclose the fan, heater and casing, but in the case where air is employed as the drying fluid an opening or openings may be provided in the casing to permit admission of fresh air to the hood and for the discharge of used air.
The invention may also be applied to the cylinders of a Fourdrinier machine where the paper is not covered by felts and if desired the fluid may be projected on to the paper in a region where it forms a pocket as it passes over three consecutive rolls or cylinders having their axes triangularly disposed.
One form of construction according to the invention as applied to an M. G. cylinder is shown in the accompanying drawings in which:-
Figure 1 is a front elevation with half of the hood removed.
Figure 2 is a side sectional view on the line A--A of Figure 1 but showing only part of the drying cylinder.
Figure 3 is a sectional view on the line 3-3 of Figure 2.
A hood I whose side walls are built up of plates 2 extends over a portion of the periphery of a drying cylinder 3,"and is hingedly mounted and supported through a hinge 4 by Bracket members 5. A fan 6 located within the casing and driven by a motor I is connected through a duct 8 with a heater '9, the duct 8 having guide plates or vanes Ill at its end near the heater for the purpose of distributing the drying fluid substantially uniformly through the heater. The heater is connected to a casing ll having two sets of ve-.
locity nozzles l2, l3 formed in its face the nozzles l2, l3 being inclined at an angle towards the paper and directed towards one another, that is towards the centre of the casing.
It will be appreciated that the drying fluid in the arrangement shown in the drawings will circulate from the fan through the duct 8 to the heater 9 through the casing II and nozzles l2, l3 on to the paper, and thence into the hood, and back to the fan. An outlet for the discharge of part of the drying fluid in circuit is provided at M and controlled by a valve l5 shown diagrammatically.
Means not shown are provided for supplying fresh fluid to the circuit and the fresh fluid may be supplied either directly to the heater or to the eye of the fan. If desired, the fan may be provided with an additional set of plates located nearer to the motor than the rotor shown in the drawings'for the purpose of drawing inextra fluid. The heater is preferably fed with steam by an inlet IS the outlet from the heater being shown at l1.
In the arrangement shown in the drawings the motor! is secured on the top or side wall of the hood, but if desired it may be secured for the sake of convenience in an end wall of the hood, the position of the fan being correspondingly altered.
I declare that what I claim is:
1. A machine for paper making including at least one heated metallic member over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper on said metallic member, a casing between said hood and said metallic member having a wall adjacent the path of the paper and having groups of velocity nozzles in said wall, the nozzles-of one group being oppositely inclined with respect to the nozzles of an adjacent group, and an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge the fluid to said casing for ejection through said nozzles onto the paper.
2. A machine for paper making including atleast one drying cylinder over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper on said drying cylinder, a casing between said hood and said drying cylinder having a wall adjacent the path of the paper and having groups of velocity nozzles in said wall, the nozzles of one group being oppositely inclined with respect to the nozzles of an adjacent group, and an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge the fluid to said casing for ejection through said nozzles onto the paper.
3. A machine for paper making including at least one drying cylinder over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper on said drying cylinder, a casing between said hood and said drying cylinder having a wall adjacent the path of the paper, said wall having spaced transverse velocity nozzles projecting therefrom to form transverse passages along said wall between the nozzles, and an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge'the fluid to the casing for ejection through the said nozzles onto the paper, the fluid being adapted to travel along said transverse passages between the nozzles on its return to the impeller.
4. A machine for paper making including at least one heated metallic member over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hobd extending over a portion of the path of the paper on said metallic member, a casing carried by said hood and having a wall adjacent the paper on said metallic member, velocity nozzles in the said wall of said casing directed toward the paper, an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge the fluid to said casing for ejection through said nozzles onto the paper, a duct leading from said impeller to said casing for conveying the drying fluid, and a heater arranged in said duct for heating the fluid before its entrance into said casing.
5. A machine for paper making including at least one heated metallic member over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper on said metallic member, a casing carried by said hood and having a wall adjacent the paper on said metallic member, velocity nozzles in the said wall of said casing directed toward the paper, an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge the fluid to said casi for ejection through said nozzles onto the paper, a duct leading from said impeller to said casing for conveying the drying fluid to the casing, a heater arranged in said duct immediately before its entrance to said casing, and distributing plates arranged in said duct in advance of said heater whereby to uniformly distribute the drying fluid over the heater during its passage therethrough.
6. A machine for paper making including at least one heated metallic member over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper and hinged to the machine, a casing between said hood and said metallic member having a wall adjacent the paper, velocity nozzles in said wall of said casing directed toward the paper, and an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge the fluid to said casing for ejection through said nozzles onto the paper.
7. A machine for paper making including at least one drying cylinder over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper and hinged to the machine about an axis parallel to the axis of said drying cylinder, a casing between said hood and said drying cylinder having a wall adjacent the paper, velocity nozzles in said wall of said casing directed toward the paper, and an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge the fluid to said casing for ejection through said nozzles onto the paper.
8. A machine for paper making including at least one drying cylinder over which the paper is conveyed, at least one hood extending over a portion of the path of the paper on said cylinder and having the edges of the side walls thereof curved to correspond to the curvature of such cylinder, a casing carried by said hood between the side walls thereof and having a similarly curved wall adjacent the path of the paper, velocity nozzles in said wall of said casing directed toward the paper and an impeller adapted to draw drying fluid from said hood and to discharge the fluid to said casing for ejection through said nozzles onto the paper.
9. A machine for paper making including a drying cylinder over which the paper is conveyed, a hood having the side walls thereof curved to correspond to the curvature of said cylinder, said hood being hinged to the machine to permit angular displacement relative thereto. a casing carried by said hood within the side walls thereoi and having a curved wall adjacent and parallel to said cylinder, velocity nozzles in said curved wall of said casing directed toward the paper, an impeller carried by said hood and adapted to draw drying fluid from the hood, a duet located entirely within the hood and leading from said impeller to said casing, distributing plates located in said duct for uniformly distributing the drying fluid passing therethrough, and a heater located in said duct between said distributing plates and said casing whereby the drying fluid is uniformly heated before it passes into said casing.
WILLIAM WYCIJFElEi SPOONER.
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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2499142A (en) * 1948-07-14 1950-02-28 Fair Lawn Finishing Company Heat setting of textile fabrics
US2499141A (en) * 1947-12-09 1950-02-28 Fair Lawn Finishing Company Heat-treatment of webs of textile materials
US2544839A (en) * 1946-11-01 1951-03-13 Meyercord Co Apparatus for effecting the hardening of deposits of ink and like compositions
US2559412A (en) * 1946-05-23 1951-07-03 Dungler Julien Drum drying machine
US2583220A (en) * 1948-12-24 1952-01-22 Dewey And Almy Chem Comp Process of leveling and drying coatings with steam
US2590850A (en) * 1949-10-10 1952-04-01 Dungler Julien Method of treating sheet material coated with gelatine
US2622343A (en) * 1950-02-09 1952-12-23 J O Ross Engineering Corp Papermaking machine
US2627667A (en) * 1946-10-07 1953-02-10 Joseph R Gillis Method and apparatus for drying inks
US2676536A (en) * 1953-05-04 1954-04-27 George J Ste-Marie Drying means for the inking rollers of lithographic and the like printing presses
US2878583A (en) * 1954-12-17 1959-03-24 Spooner Dryer & Eng Co Ltd Drums for the temperature treatment of materials
US3230637A (en) * 1961-10-16 1966-01-25 Monsanto Co Strand annealers
US4919048A (en) * 1986-08-01 1990-04-24 Tyler Jack D Apparatus for preventing contact of wet ink sheets with printing press delivery mechanisms and for drying said wet ink
US5210958A (en) * 1991-07-15 1993-05-18 Mcgill University Paper web drying apparatus and process
WO2023001712A3 (en) * 2021-07-22 2023-03-16 Valmet Ab Compact high performance through-air apparatus

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2559412A (en) * 1946-05-23 1951-07-03 Dungler Julien Drum drying machine
US2627667A (en) * 1946-10-07 1953-02-10 Joseph R Gillis Method and apparatus for drying inks
US2544839A (en) * 1946-11-01 1951-03-13 Meyercord Co Apparatus for effecting the hardening of deposits of ink and like compositions
US2499141A (en) * 1947-12-09 1950-02-28 Fair Lawn Finishing Company Heat-treatment of webs of textile materials
US2499142A (en) * 1948-07-14 1950-02-28 Fair Lawn Finishing Company Heat setting of textile fabrics
US2583220A (en) * 1948-12-24 1952-01-22 Dewey And Almy Chem Comp Process of leveling and drying coatings with steam
US2590850A (en) * 1949-10-10 1952-04-01 Dungler Julien Method of treating sheet material coated with gelatine
US2622343A (en) * 1950-02-09 1952-12-23 J O Ross Engineering Corp Papermaking machine
US2676536A (en) * 1953-05-04 1954-04-27 George J Ste-Marie Drying means for the inking rollers of lithographic and the like printing presses
US2878583A (en) * 1954-12-17 1959-03-24 Spooner Dryer & Eng Co Ltd Drums for the temperature treatment of materials
US3230637A (en) * 1961-10-16 1966-01-25 Monsanto Co Strand annealers
US4919048A (en) * 1986-08-01 1990-04-24 Tyler Jack D Apparatus for preventing contact of wet ink sheets with printing press delivery mechanisms and for drying said wet ink
US5210958A (en) * 1991-07-15 1993-05-18 Mcgill University Paper web drying apparatus and process
WO2023001712A3 (en) * 2021-07-22 2023-03-16 Valmet Ab Compact high performance through-air apparatus

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