US2060770A - Ultra high frequency oscillation circuit - Google Patents

Ultra high frequency oscillation circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
US2060770A
US2060770A US716485A US71648534A US2060770A US 2060770 A US2060770 A US 2060770A US 716485 A US716485 A US 716485A US 71648534 A US71648534 A US 71648534A US 2060770 A US2060770 A US 2060770A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
anode
cathode
electrons
stream
deflecting electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US716485A
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English (en)
Inventor
Clarence W Hansell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RCA Corp
Original Assignee
RCA Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL46315D priority Critical patent/NL46315C/xx
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US716485A priority patent/US2060770A/en
Priority to DER92839D priority patent/DE644342C/de
Priority to GB8731/35A priority patent/GB437788A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2060770A publication Critical patent/US2060770A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/66—Tubes with electron stream crossing itself and thereby interacting or interfering with itself
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B9/00—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects
    • H03B9/01—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using discharge tubes
    • H03B9/02—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using discharge tubes using a retarding-field tube

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ultra short wave oscillators and to circuits for such oscillators.
  • the oscillator comprises a hot cathode and an anode at opposite ends of a tube-like affair to the anode end of so which is connected a curved shell.
  • a voltage applied between the anode and cathode causes the electrons emitted from the cathode to travel toward the anode with an accelerating velocity in such manner that when the electrons enter the shell they have, under proper conditions, such a high velocity that they flow on past the anode due to their momentum.
  • the repulsion between the shell and the electrons will cause the stream to bend aroundthe shell in a loop before arriving at the anode.
  • the electron stream is arranged to cross its own path at the anode end of the tube-like affair, and to thus interrupt the stream entering the shell, due to the mutual repulsion between electrons. The stream remains interrupted until the electrons in the shell have all passed by, after which the electron stream is again admitted to the shell and the cycle of operations repeated.
  • the present invention is based on the same general principle described above, namely that of producing radio frequency oscillations by the motions and the mutual forces acting between the electrons within the vacuum tube; in other words, the oscillator does not require variations of potentials on the electrodes to carry out the controlling action necessaryfor oscillation, but
  • the invention comprises an alternative arrangement to that of the above mentioned patent for producing oscillations and differs therefrom in two ways; first, in
  • the electrons are made to travel over paths forming the figure 8 in such a way that the electrons are deflected first to one side of a center line 5 and then to the other side, such that the total volume occupied by the electrons in producing oscillations is symmetrical about the plane of zero deflection, in consequence of which the oscillations are known as "push-pull". 10
  • a feature of the invention lies in the symmetrical deflecting electrode arrangement for causing the electron stream emanating from the oathode to follow the flgure 8.
  • a vacuum tube oscillator comprising an evacuated envelope I preferably of glass, containing within it an electron emitting cathode 2 supported from a stem 3 and heated from an external battery or other suitable source Ii, an anode 4 in the form of a grid, which is supported from a stem 5 oppositely disposed with respect to the stem 3, and a deflector 6 on a metal cylinder 8 located on stem 3 and symmetrically positioned with respect to the an anode 4.
  • Grid-like anode B is maintained at a positive potential by a battery I located externally of the envelope I, and serves to accelerate the electrons emanating from the cathode and finally to collect the electrons after they have passed through the mesh of the anode and have been deflected.
  • the deflector 6 is preferably made ofmetal and is herein shown maintained at a negative potential with respect to the cath ode 2 by means of a lead 9 and resistor l0.
  • a shield l2 located intermediate the stem 5 and grid-like anode 4 for protecting the anode stem from electron bombardment.
  • Any suitable utilization circuit such as an 45 antenna l2, may be coupled to the output of the device through a transformer IT, as indicated.
  • the output frequency is double the fundamental oscillation frequency and corresponds to the second harmonic of the funda- 5o mental frequency.
  • the form of coupling shown in the drawing is preferred, other means of coupling may be used and will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art, for example, the use of straight conductor leads close- 55 to a movable slider M which is arranged to glide over the anode lead i5 extending between the anode and its source of supply 1.
  • tuning elements such as trombone slides l6, It may be connected in the transmission line connecting the antenna to the output circuit for tuning the line to the output frequency.
  • the antenna circuit will be dispensed with and the tube will ordinarily be placed at the focus of a reflector system, not shown, so that radiation lit the desired direction will be increased. Radiation may also be increased by dimensioning the anode 4 to make itsnatural period of electrical oscillation come near' to the oscillation frequency or, instead, the deflector 6 may be tuned to the oscillations. If desired, an external radiator, 01" a transmission line and radiator, may be coupled to the anode 4 or the deflector 6. andtuned to the oscillation frequency, or a harmonic of it.
  • an alternative type of construction than the metal electrode may be used, for example, an insulating shell made of glass whic it has been found, will act just as well asz xetal shell; in fact, the insulating shell will hav advantages in that certain areas of the shell may be more negatively charged by the electrons so that the distribution of the negative charge is more in accordance with that required to prevent the impinging of large numbers of electrons at various points. In such a case, various portions of the inside of the deflecting insulator wil automatically assume the correct potentials Eor suitable operation of the device. In using gl ss, however, it will usually be necessary to coat the surface with carbon or other suitable material for lessening secondary emission from the surface.
  • the returning electrons will deflect the electron stream leaving the cathode to the opposite lide of the deflecting electrode and the stream will remainon this side until its front has traversed the curved path of the deflector electrode and returned again to the vicinity of the cathode.
  • the returning stream will then push the stream of electrons newly issuing from the oath dc to the opposite side of the tube and the proce s ,will be repeated at a frequency corresponding tothe time of travel of the electrons around the defl ctor electrode.
  • the electronstream ms the other of a figure 8, and this constitutes an oscillation of electron current, energy from around first one end and then which may be radiated directly or by means of a utilization circuit, as shown, through suitable coupling conductors to an antenna system.
  • signals to be transmitted may be applied in such manner that the potentials on either the anode 4 or the deflector electrodes, or both, are varied so as to produce keying or modulation of either amplitude or frequency, or both.
  • signals to be transmitted may be applied in such manner that the potentials on either the anode 4 or the deflector electrodes, or both, are varied so as to produce keying or modulation of either amplitude or frequency, or both.
  • apparatus l9 shown conventionally in box form, may be applied to a modulator 20 to modulate the oscillations obtained from the oscillator tube by means of the Heising method of modulation.
  • the potential applied to the anode is-varied in accordance with the variations of the speech wave"
  • the modulations may also be accomplished through changes of potential on the deflecting electrode 6 in accordance with the signal waves to be transmitted.
  • a keying relay II which is responsive to telegraph signals applied to a key 22 to interrupt the circuit extending from the deflecting electrode to the cathode. It will thus be seen that the oscillations may be modulated or keyed, either by speech, music or tone signals, etc., or by any combination of these alternatively or simultaneously.
  • An electron discharge device comprising an evacuated envelope having within it a cathode, an anode in the form of a grid, and a deflecting electrode symmetrically positioned with respect to said anode and cathode, said deflecting electrode extending from points near said cathode outwardly toward said envelope beyond the edges of said anode to points on theother side of said anode for curving the stream of electrons emitted by said cathode and passing through said anode so as to cross its own path at an angle.
  • An electron discharge device comprising an evacuated envelope having within it a cathode, a plate-like anode in the form of a grid, and a deflecting electrode symmetrically positioned with respect to said anode and cathode, said deflecting anode having flared portions which substantially surround said anode, each of said portions extending from a point near said cathode outwardly beyond one edge of said anode to a point on theother side of said anode near the plane of zero electron deflection whereby the stream of electrons emitted by said cathode and passing through said anode are deflected by said flared portions so as to cross its own path at an angle and influence the direction of travel of said stream.
  • An electron discharge device comprising an evacuated envelope having within it a cathode, an anode in the form of a grid, a metallic deflecting electrode symmetrically positioned with respect to said anode and cathode, said deflecting electrode extending from points near said cathode outwardly toward said envelope beyond the edges of said anode to points on the other side 01' said anode, and means for maintaining said anode at a positive-potential and said deflecting anode at a negative potential with respect to said cathode, whereby the stream oi electrons from said cathode passing through said anode are caused to travel in a curved path so as to cross itself at an angle.
  • An electrode discharge device comprising an evacuated envelope having within it a cathode, an anode in the form of a grid, and a deflecting electrode symmetrically positioned with respect to said anode and cathode, said anode and deflecting electrode being supported from stems on opposite sides ofsaid "envelope, said deflecting electrode extending from points near said cathode outwardly toward said envelope beyond the edges of said anode to points on the other side of said anode for curving the stream of electrons emitted by said cathode and passing through said anode so as to cross its own path at an angle, and a shield intermediate said anode and its supporting stem for protecting said stem from electron bombardment.
  • an electron discharge device oscillator comprising an evacuated envelope having within it a cathode, an anode in the form of a grid, a metallic deflecting electrode symmetrically positioned with respect to said anode and cathode, said deflecting electrode extending from points near said cathode outwardly toward said envelope beyond the edges of said anode to points on the other side of said anode, means for maintaining said anode at a positive potential and said deflecting anode at a negative potential with respect to said cathode, whereby the stream of electrons from said cathode passing through said anode are causedto travel in a curved path so as to cross itself at an angle, and individual means for varying the potential of said anode and deflecting electrode in accordance with diiferent signals to be transmitted.
  • An electron discharge device comprising an evacuated envelope having within it a cathode, an anode in the form of a grid. a deflecting electrode symmetrically positioned with respect to said anode and cathode, said deflecting electrode extending from points near said cathode outwardly toward said envelope beyond the edges of said anode to points on the other side of said anode for curving the stream of electrons emitted by said cathode and passing through said anode so as to cross its own path at an angle, and means for maintaining said anode at a positive potential with respect to said cathode.
  • An electron discharge device comprising an evacuated envelope having within it a cathode, a flat disc-like anode in the form of a grid, said anode and cathode being supported from stems on the opposite sides of said envelope, an openended cylinder surrounding said cathode and mounted on the stem supporting said cathode, a deflecting electrode symmetrically positioned with respect to said anode and cathode attached to said cylinder, said deflecting electrode extending from points on said cylinder near said cathode outwardly toward said envelope beyond the edges of said anode to points on the other side of said anode, whereby electrons travelling from said cathode to said anode on either side of a center line between said anode and cathode will be deflected by said deflecting electrodes.
  • an electron discharge device comprising an evacuated envelope having within it a cathode, an anode in the form of a grid, and a deflecting electrode symmetrically positioned with respect to said anode and cathode, said deflecting electrode extending from points near said cathode outwardly toward said envelope beyond' the edges of said anode to points on the other side or said anode for curving the stream of electrons emitted by said cathode and passing through said anode so as to cross its own path at an angle, and an output circuit coupled to said anode.
  • the method of producing high frequency oscillations which comprises propelling a stream of electrons in a direction along a confined path, making said stream of electrons cross upon its own path at an angle to change the direction of travel of said stream to another conflned path, and again making said stream cross upon its own path at an angle. whereby said stream is alternately propelled periodically along said confined paths.

Landscapes

  • Electron Beam Exposure (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US716485A 1934-03-20 1934-03-20 Ultra high frequency oscillation circuit Expired - Lifetime US2060770A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL46315D NL46315C (enMihai) 1934-03-20
US716485A US2060770A (en) 1934-03-20 1934-03-20 Ultra high frequency oscillation circuit
DER92839D DE644342C (de) 1934-03-20 1935-03-12 Roehre zur Erzeugung ultrakurzer Wellen
GB8731/35A GB437788A (en) 1934-03-20 1935-03-20 Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices and electrical oscillation generators incorporating the same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US716485A US2060770A (en) 1934-03-20 1934-03-20 Ultra high frequency oscillation circuit

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2060770A true US2060770A (en) 1936-11-10

Family

ID=24878174

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US716485A Expired - Lifetime US2060770A (en) 1934-03-20 1934-03-20 Ultra high frequency oscillation circuit

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2060770A (enMihai)
DE (1) DE644342C (enMihai)
GB (1) GB437788A (enMihai)
NL (1) NL46315C (enMihai)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2457980A (en) * 1944-09-01 1949-01-04 Forest Lee De Method of and apparatus for bunching electrons
US2651000A (en) * 1949-11-22 1953-09-01 Rca Corp Reflex velocity modulated discharge device
US2679592A (en) * 1948-08-31 1954-05-25 Rca Corp Generator and frequency control
US2691117A (en) * 1952-03-19 1954-10-05 Zenith Radio Corp Electron-discharge device
US20120205363A1 (en) * 2009-07-22 2012-08-16 Daiwa Can Company Canned product heating apparatus

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE510239A (enMihai) * 1951-03-29

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2457980A (en) * 1944-09-01 1949-01-04 Forest Lee De Method of and apparatus for bunching electrons
US2679592A (en) * 1948-08-31 1954-05-25 Rca Corp Generator and frequency control
US2651000A (en) * 1949-11-22 1953-09-01 Rca Corp Reflex velocity modulated discharge device
US2691117A (en) * 1952-03-19 1954-10-05 Zenith Radio Corp Electron-discharge device
US20120205363A1 (en) * 2009-07-22 2012-08-16 Daiwa Can Company Canned product heating apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL46315C (enMihai)
DE644342C (de) 1937-04-29
GB437788A (en) 1935-11-05

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