US2059280A - Insulated electrical conductors - Google Patents
Insulated electrical conductors Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2059280A US2059280A US420818A US42081830A US2059280A US 2059280 A US2059280 A US 2059280A US 420818 A US420818 A US 420818A US 42081830 A US42081830 A US 42081830A US 2059280 A US2059280 A US 2059280A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- wire
- aluminum
- electrical conductors
- insulated electrical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 title description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 17
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 13
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229940024548 aluminum oxide Drugs 0.000 description 8
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloridooxygen Chemical compound ClOCl RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(I)=CC=C21 FRWYFWZENXDZMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052614 beryl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003280 cupric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
- H01B3/10—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances metallic oxides
- H01B3/105—Wires with oxides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
- Y10T428/2958—Metal or metal compound in coating
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved type of insulated electrical conductor and to a method of making the same. 4
- One of the objects of the invention is to produce an insulated wire or conductor capable of withstanding high temperatures without melting, decomposing and without destruction of insulation resistance of the insulation.
- Patent No. 1,908,792 finds its chief use when applied to good conductors such as copper and has been found to eliminate many of the difficulties experienced with insulated wires of the prior art;
- the coating is of the inorganic type and comprises forming a layer integral with the conductor base, of aluminum oxide by means of aluminum chloride as the suspension and reacting material.
- the crystallized aluminum oxide is finely ground'and added to a 5 25% solution of aluminum chloride.
- the coating is preferably applied by machine methods in the following manner:
- the wire (copper preferably) is chemically cleaned and is passed over a rotating pulley which 10- rotates in a cup containing the insulation mixture. In passing over the pulley, the wire is uniformly coated with a thin layer of the insulation. The coating is then passed through a furnace which. is maintained at about 700 C. On entering the 15 heater, the coating is. dried and the higher tem-' perature decomposes the aluminum chloride and eliminates hydrogen chloride by its substitution for oxygen. The important factor is involved in the oxychloride reaction This treatment andreaction is repeated three times, after which the wire is spooled one. large diameter spool. The thickness of the finished coating is about 5 mils.
- the heating furnaces and coating pulley are mounted in a straight line so that when the untreated and cleaned wire is passed over the three coating cups and through the furnaces it is in finished state and ready to wind on the large spool.
- the wire has been coated with a very desirable insulation resistance "material.
- the insulation resistance depends upon the thickness of coating and the size of the aluminum oxide crystals.
- the first or relatively low temperature hardening is probably due to the formation of an oxychloride and melting of the aluminum chloride 40 crystals (2A1Cl36Ha).
- Another cementation agent is probably the cupric chloride formed at the surface of the copper wire, for it is noted that the wire becomes etched due to a reaction that occurs at its surface when heated in contact with the coating.
- the coating is applied to a wire that will withstand 1000 C. without melting, for example, where the coated wire is used to wind resistances with nickel or nichrome wire, it is heated to a 5 but aluminum fluoride or bromidecan also be used.
- Other insulating oxides such, as .beryl, beryllium oxide, can be used with aluminum chloaluminum in hydrochloric, acid or by dissolving gelatinous aluminum hydroxide in hydrochloric acid.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Description
80 p a cotton base for support, carbonization of the Patented Nov. -3, 1936' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE- INSULATED, ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOBS Samuel Ruben. New York, N. Y., aslignor to Vega Manufacturing Corporation, Wilmington, Del.,- a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application January 14.1930.
- Serial No. 420.818
' serum. (01. 173-264) This invention relates to an improved type of insulated electrical conductor and to a method of making the same. 4
One of the objects of the invention is to produce an insulated wire or conductor capable of withstanding high temperatures without melting, decomposing and without destruction of insulation resistance of the insulation.
Other objects of the invention will be apparent as the description thereof proceeds.
In my priorPatent No. 1,908,792 dated May 16th, 1933, I describe an. insulation resistance which commercially has been proved to withstand temperatures as high as 1200 0. without electrical leakage or mechanical breakage. In the patent above mentioned, the coating is used to form an integral refractory unit with an element such as tungsten.
In this invention, the coating described in Patent No. 1,908,792 finds its chief use when applied to good conductors such as copper and has been found to eliminate many of the difficulties experienced with insulated wires of the prior art;
In the prior art, there have been used organic forms of insulation coating such as rubber, which tend to carbonlze and lose their insulation resistance, especially if operated at high temperatures or they tend to oxidize by virtue of high tension production of ozone. In the case of fire proof coating such as asbestos used in combination with base occurs.
In the wire of my invention, in a preferred form, the coating is of the inorganic type and comprises forming a layer integral with the conductor base, of aluminum oxide by means of aluminum chloride as the suspension and reacting material.
Where high temperatures are encountered, I have found that the most important factor in the coating is to have no binder or residual inactive -(AlCl3) in water as a suspension material readily adheres as a coating and when baked and sintered forms a tough, dense, hard and smooth layer that'does not chip or-flake. Due to the integral structure obtained, suflicient flexibility is obtained for bending around forms or winding on spools.
In preparing the mixture, the crystallized aluminum oxide is finely ground'and added to a 5 25% solution of aluminum chloride. The coating is preferably applied by machine methods in the following manner:
The wire (copper preferably) is chemically cleaned and is passed over a rotating pulley which 10- rotates in a cup containing the insulation mixture. In passing over the pulley, the wire is uniformly coated with a thin layer of the insulation. The coating is then passed through a furnace which. is maintained at about 700 C. On entering the 15 heater, the coating is. dried and the higher tem-' perature decomposes the aluminum chloride and eliminates hydrogen chloride by its substitution for oxygen. The important factor is involved in the oxychloride reaction This treatment andreaction is repeated three times, after which the wire is spooled one. large diameter spool. The thickness of the finished coating is about 5 mils. The heating furnaces and coating pulley are mounted in a straight line so that when the untreated and cleaned wire is passed over the three coating cups and through the furnaces it is in finished state and ready to wind on the large spool.
When the reactions are completed, it will be found that the wire has been coated with a very desirable insulation resistance "material. The insulation resistance depends upon the thickness of coating and the size of the aluminum oxide crystals.
The first or relatively low temperature hardening is probably due to the formation of an oxychloride and melting of the aluminum chloride 40 crystals (2A1Cl36Ha). Another cementation agent is probably the cupric chloride formed at the surface of the copper wire, for it is noted that the wire becomes etched due to a reaction that occurs at its surface when heated in contact with the coating.
If the coating is applied to a wire that will withstand 1000 C. without melting, for example, where the coated wire is used to wind resistances with nickel or nichrome wire, it is heated to a 5 but aluminum fluoride or bromidecan also be used. Other insulating oxides such, as .beryl, beryllium oxide, can be used with aluminum chloaluminum in hydrochloric, acid or by dissolving gelatinous aluminum hydroxide in hydrochloric acid.
7 Aluminum chloride has been found the mostpractical of the halogen compounds of aluminum;
ride as the halogen compound.
almost infinitesimal sin, builds up, a material within the intercrystalline space of the solid. oxide this condition giving strength and. insulat- 1 ing resistance otherwise not obtainable. Where excessively high temperatures are not encountered a small percentage of a binding or v ing of aluminum oxide derived from a mixture of ground aluminu'm'oxide and a halogen compound of aluminum applied to the conductor and heated to the decomposition point of the halogen com- 1 if, po md In general, the fundamental requirement for the suspension material of thisinvention is to; use a salt capable of disassociating and displacing its halogen component for oxygen so asto" leave only an active material which, due to the 2; A non-refractory conductor having a-coating of-aluminum oxide derived from a mixture of ground aluminum oxide and aluminum chloride applied to the conductor andheated to the decomposition point of the chloride.
3. A copper wire having a coatingof aluminum oxide derived from a mixture of ground alumi-- num oxide and a halogen compound of aluminum applied to the conductor and heated to the decomposition point of the halogen compound.
, SAMUEL RUBEN.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US420818A US2059280A (en) | 1930-01-14 | 1930-01-14 | Insulated electrical conductors |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US420818A US2059280A (en) | 1930-01-14 | 1930-01-14 | Insulated electrical conductors |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2059280A true US2059280A (en) | 1936-11-03 |
Family
ID=23667966
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US420818A Expired - Lifetime US2059280A (en) | 1930-01-14 | 1930-01-14 | Insulated electrical conductors |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2059280A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2436708A (en) * | 1948-02-24 | Maurice marty | ||
| US2463979A (en) * | 1945-03-26 | 1949-03-08 | Heany Ind Ceramic Corp | Process of making porous refractory alumina material |
| US3136656A (en) * | 1964-06-09 | Ferrous metal | ||
| US3294731A (en) * | 1962-03-08 | 1966-12-27 | Anaconda Wire & Cable Co | Pyrolizable enamel from mn and co chelates, glass, and siloxane resin |
-
1930
- 1930-01-14 US US420818A patent/US2059280A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2436708A (en) * | 1948-02-24 | Maurice marty | ||
| US3136656A (en) * | 1964-06-09 | Ferrous metal | ||
| US2463979A (en) * | 1945-03-26 | 1949-03-08 | Heany Ind Ceramic Corp | Process of making porous refractory alumina material |
| US3294731A (en) * | 1962-03-08 | 1966-12-27 | Anaconda Wire & Cable Co | Pyrolizable enamel from mn and co chelates, glass, and siloxane resin |
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