Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
  • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
  • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/16—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/20—Rosin acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
  • C10N2060/04—Oxidation, e.g. ozonisation

Definitions

• This invention relates to a process for manufacturing hydrocarbon oils with a low pour point or cold test or equivalent inspection test, such as lubricating oils, Diesel fuels, fuel oils, etc., and
• the pour point, cold test, or equivalent inspection test of such hydrocarbon oils is lowered by the addition to such oils of soaps of the tetravalent form of a metal from the titanium subgroup of Group IV and higher carboxylic acids.
• soaps containing any of the metals of the titanium subgroup such as zirconium, hafnium and thorium may be employed, but I have obtained best results with titanic soaps, and prefer them to the other soaps.
• the titanium soaps can, for example, be prepared by reacting the metallic chloride with the anhydrous carboxylic acid, as described by L. W. Ryan and W. W. Plechner in Ind. Eng. Chem, 26, (1934) p. 909.
• the carboxylic acids which are employed in producing the soaps used according to the present invention should contain between ten and thirty','or even more carbon atoms, may be monoor poly-basic, and may be either saturated or not.
• fatty acids such as stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, behenic acid, cerotic acid to be particularly suitable.
• carboxylic acids which I have found to be suitable for reaction with the metal chloride to form the desired soaps are: naphthenic acids, such as tetradeca-, hexadecaand nonadeca-naphthenic acids, and -mixtures of naphthenic acids as obtained by extracting petroleum with sodium hydroxide solutions; colophonic acids, such as abietic acid and pimaric acid; oxy-acids, such'as rlcinoleic acid; oxida- 40 tion products of paraffin wax.
• the TiOz content should, however, preferably be not over about 13.5%. I have, moreover, found that the best results are obtained when the soap contains four acyl side chains.
• Thepour point reducing agents according to the present invention are generally more active than the soaps of bivalent and trivalent metals,
• a small quantity, .usu- 5 ally between 0.02% and 1.0% is added to a waxcontaining oil,"preferably but not necessarily at a temperature at which the wax is wholly or substantially liquid or dissolved in the oil.
• my invention is not, how- 10 ever, restricted to the use of the aforesaid quantities, since the quantity of soap to be employed in any case will depend upon the decrease in the pour point which it is desired to effect, upon the quantity and nature of the wax present in 15 the oil, and upon the viscosity of the oil.
• pour point reducers have a comparatively greater effect on parafiinic oils of low viscosity, and in the case of fuel oils or Diesel fuels amounts as low as 0.01% or lower may often be effective.
• My invention may, however, be applied also to the treatment of the more viscous hydrocarbon oils, such as cylinder oils and other lubricating oils.
• Example I 35 An extra heavy neutral oil derived from Pennsylvania and Mid-Continent crudes had a pour point of 10 F. Upon adding 0.5% of titanium stearate (containing 8% TiOz) the pour point was reduced to 0 F. The addition of 1.0% of titanium 40 stearate reduced the pour'point to 5 F.
• a low pour point mineral oil composition comprising wax-containing mineral oil and a small quantity of a soap of the tetravalent form 45 of a metal of the titanium subgroup of group IV and a carboxylic acid containing more than nine carbon atoms.
• composition according to claim 1 in which the quantity of the soap is between 0.01% 5 and 1.0% of the composition.
• a low pour point mineral oil composition comprising wax-containing mineral oil and a small quantity of a soap of the tetravalent form of a'metal selected from the group consisting 55 of titanium, hafnium and thorium, and a carboxylic acid containing more than nine carbon atoms.
• a low pour point mineral oil composition comprising wax-containing mineral oil and a small quantity of a titanic soap of a carboxylic acid containing more than nine carbon atoms.
• composition according to claim 4 in which the quantity of the soap is between 0.01%-
• a low pour point mineral oil composition comprising wax-containing mineral oil and a wax-containing mineral oils which comprises adding thereto a small quantity of a soap of the tetravalent form of a metal of the titanium subgroup'of Group IV and a carboxylic acid containing more than nine carbon atoms.
• a low pour point mineral oil composition comprising wax-containing mineral oil and a small quantity of a titanium tetrastearate soap of a carboxylic acid containing more than nine carbon atoms.
• the method of reducing the pour point of wax-containing mineral oils which comprises adding thereto a small quantity of a soap of the tetravalent form of a metal from the group consisting of titanium, hafnium and thorium, and a carboxylic acid containing more than nine carbon atoms.
• the method of reducing the pour point of wax-containing mineral oils which comprises adding thereto a small quantity of a titanic soap of a carboxylic acid containing more than nine carbon atoms.
• the method of reducing the pour point of wax-containing mineral oils which comprises adding thereto a small quantity of a thoric soap of a carboxylic acid containing more than nine carbon atoms.
• the method of reducing the pour point of wax-containing mineral oils which comprises adding thereto a small quantity of a hafnic soap of a carboxylic acid containing more than nine carbon atoms.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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ID=19873575

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (4)

• 0
  • NL NL40178D patent/NL40178C/xx active
• 1935
  • 1935-08-30 US US38576A patent/US2055417A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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