US2054852A - Manufacture of artificial threads, ribbons, and like materials - Google Patents

Manufacture of artificial threads, ribbons, and like materials Download PDF

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US2054852A
US2054852A US593859A US59385932A US2054852A US 2054852 A US2054852 A US 2054852A US 593859 A US593859 A US 593859A US 59385932 A US59385932 A US 59385932A US 2054852 A US2054852 A US 2054852A
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materials
liquid
coagulating
spinning
filaments
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Dreyfus Henry
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Henry Dreyfuss Associates LLC
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Henry Dreyfuss Associates LLC
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
    • D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate

Definitions

  • this frictional eifect may be turned to great advantage by causing the liquid to move in such a direction as to retard the motion of the materials to a greater extent than would occur were the liquid at rest.
  • the magnitude and location of the extension which the materials undergo in their course through the'liquid medium may readily be controlled.
  • This ability to control the distribution of extension along the path of the materials is of great advantage, particularly when applied to a coagulating bath employed in the production of the materials by spinning processes. Filaments emerging from a spinning jet increase in strength as coagulation progresses, and it is naturally advantageous to be able to control the process so that relatively great extension occurs at a point where the materials have acquired considerable tensile strength.
  • filaments, threads, fibres, yarns, ribbons and the like of cellulose acetate or other derivatives of cellulose are caused to pass'through liquid media moving in such a direction as to exert a greater drag upon the materials than if the liquid were at rest.
  • the process of the invention may be carried out continuously with the production of the materials by a wet or dry spinning process or to fully formed materials.
  • the process of the invention is particularly valuable when applied as a step in the actual production of the mate.- rials by a wet spinning process, when for example the coagulating bath itself is set in motion. This aspect of the invention will therefore be described in detail.
  • the invention contemplates the manufacture of materials made'of or containing cellulose ace- 1,0, tate or other derivatives of cellulose, for example other esters of cellulose such as cellulose nitrate, formate, propionate or butyrate, ethers of cellulose, for example methyLethyl or benzyl cellulose, mixed esters e. g. cellulose nitroacetate, l5 and mixed ethers and ether-esters.
  • the manufacture should be such that the resulting products have a more or less continuous gel structure.
  • the spinning solution may be made by dissolving the cellulose acetate or other derivative of 20 cellulose in any suitable solvent.
  • suitable organic solvents for cellulose acetate mention may be made of acetone, acetic acid, and mixtures of ethylene or methylene dichloride with ethyl or methyl alcohol.
  • the spinning solu- 25 tion may contain relatively high boiling solvents or even plasticizers, for instance diacetone al cohol, ethyl lactate or diethyl tartrate. It is of advantage, with a. view to obtaining products of more or less continuous gel structure, for the 39 p nn n l n to tain solvents o Swellin agents for the cellulose derivative, which are less soluble in the coagulating medium than the solvent which constitutes the bulk of the spinning solution.
  • the percentage of cellulose derivative in the spinning solution may vary within wide limits, but general concentrations of from 15 to 30%, and particularly about 25%, have been found suitable. Obviously the solution should be neither so dilute 9 that excessive shrinkage occurs, nor so concentrated as to render spinning impracticable. Where extrusion occurs at temperatures above normal, .or where the characteristics of the cellulose derivative are such that solutions of comparatively low viscosity are obtained, higher concentrations than are otherwise permissible may be employed.
  • the materials may leave the coagulating medium in a more or less plastic state.
  • the materials may be obtained in structurally continuous gel form, without the necessity of any further treatment.
  • coagulation may be delayed by the incorporation of suitable substances in the spinning solution.
  • other means may be adopted to decrease the rate of coagulation.
  • the coagulating medium may contain solvents or swelling agents for the cellulose derivative.
  • I may employ aqueous coagulants containing thiocyanates, zinc chloride or other inorganic swelling agents for the cellulose derivative, or organic swelling agents, for example diacetone alcohol, acetic acid, formic acid, as described in U. S. Patents Nos.
  • aqueous coagulating media such that the materials remain plastic for some distance along their path and may even emerge from the coagulating medium in a more or less plastic condition.
  • Other coagulating media may however be employed.
  • the solution may, for example, be spun into baths containing paraffin oil, petroleum spirit, petroleum ether, toluene or other hydrocarbons, nitrobenzene or other nitroaromatic hydrocarbons, hexachlorethane or other suitable aliphatic or aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons; or animal or vegetable oils, e. g. castor oil, sesame oil or olein may be employed.
  • the coagulating medium must naturally be such that it dissolves at least one constituent present in substantial proportions in the spinning solution, and is a non-solvent for the cellulose derivative.
  • aqueous coagulating media so in non-aqueous media solvents or swelling agents for the cellulose derivative may be present.
  • aqueous coagulants A large variety of substances is available for this purpose; In the case of aqueous coagulants I have found that valuable results may be obtained by the addition of carbohydrates and other polyhydroxy compounds, e. g. starch, sulphite cellulose waste lye and other poly-saccharides, sucrose, molasses, glucose, lactose, mannitol, dulcitol and glycerol.
  • a spinning solution consisting of 25% of cellulose acetate dissolved in acetone may be spun into an aqueous coagulating bath consisting of by weight of diacetone alcohol, 30% by weight of glucose and by weight of water.
  • the particular substances selected must, of course, be compatible with the other constituents of the coagulating medium.
  • the spinning solution may be extruded directly into a body of liquid flowing counter to the direction of extrusion. It is however preferable to extrude into a substantially stationary body of liquid and to pass the partly coagulated threads directly therefrom into the moving liquid in which coagulation is continued or completed.
  • the materials may, for example, be formed by spinning into a bath in which the coagulant is practically at rest, and may be' carried thence without passage through the air into a column of liquid moving so as to oppose the travel of the materials.
  • the spinning jets or dies may be situated in a dead zone in a body of moving liquid, i. e. in a region in which the coagulant is substantially stationary. Such a dead zone can be created by any suitable means, for example by arranging baflle plates to divert the flow of liquid from the neighborhood of the jets,
  • this dead zone may with advantage be such that the materials, by the time they emerge from it into the region of moving liquid, have undergone coagulation to an extent which renders them sufiiciently strong to withstand a relatively high tension.
  • the transition from the dead zone into the region of movement may be effected beyond or in the neighbourhood of the point of convergence.
  • the velocity of the liquid in the neighbourhood of the jet should be such that the materials extruded are not subjected to a greater stretch than they are able to bear. At no point in their path, in fact, should the materials be subjected to a tension approximating to the maximum which they are able to withstand at that point.
  • the coagulating liquid will not be entirely stationary in the neighbourhood of the spinning jets, or at any point along the path of thematerials, since the composition of the coagulant must be maintained throughout the process within the, limits necessary to ensure regularity.
  • the movement caused by the continuous or intermittent replenishment of the coagulant may however be very slight.
  • the materials may, if desired, be extruded into a body of liquid flowing (preferably relatively slowly) in the direction of extrusion, and may then be carried directly through a body of liquid flowing counter to the direction of travel of the materials.
  • the passage of the materials through the counter-current may take place at any stage in the coagulation processes, or the liquid drag may be applied even after coagulation is complete.
  • the path of the moving body of liquid may be determined by confining it in any suitable manner, as, for example, within the walls of a suitably shaped vessel.
  • the liquid may fiow through cylindrical, conical or other suitably shaped enclosed vessels, or through suitably shaped open baths or channels.
  • the velocity of the liquid may be uniform, or may vary gradually or abruptly along the path of the materials.
  • the cross section or bore of the vessel through which the liquid flows may decrease or increase gradually or abruptly, so as to introduce a corresponding increase or decrease in the velocity of flow over any desired part of the path.
  • the velocity at any point in the path may be increased by injecting fresh liquid, or decreased by removing a part of the liquid, in the neighbourhood of that point.
  • the tension necessary to draw the materials through the. counter-current may be applied in any suitable way, for example by means of positively drivenguid'e rolls or other tensioning devices situated along the. path. of the. materials, or by means of any suitable: collecting device.-
  • the invention may be carried out in a very simple way by extruding in an upward or downward direction into a bath or trough containing abody of coagulant substantially stationary in thez neighbourhooda of the jets, and passing the extruded materials. therefromin. an upward direction. through a-descending body of coagulant.
  • the descending stream of coagulant may flow through a cylindrical or other suitably shaped enclosed vessel or through an open vessel, forexamplean: open channel inclined at a suitable: angle, s'aid vesselsibeing, suitably supported above the'trough into which the coagulant flows.
  • the coagulant may overflow or be drawn ofi from the. bath or trough in any suitable manner. Again, the materialsformed by extrusion may pass downwards.
  • the jets may be situated in a side tube entering the main vessel, through which the counter current flows, at any angle; the liquid in the side tube may be substantially at restor may move in the direction of extrusion, so assisting the passage of the materials into the main vessel.
  • the side tube in which the jets are situate-d may be closed at the end, suitable meansbeing provided for replenishing the coagulant, and the liquid therein may be substantially at rest or may flow into the main vessel.
  • the side tube may be open at the top, in which case it must slope downwards into the main vessel.
  • the main vessel and side vessel may have any desired form. They may for example be of circular cross-section, and the cross-section may vary along their length as. desired. I
  • the spinning vessel may comprise three limbs in the form of a Y or an inverted Y, the arrangement being such that the counter-current of liquid flows through two of these limbs while the extrusion takes place in the third limb, in
  • the arrangements described above are such thatthe materials pass immediatelyfrom the region in which the jets are situated to'that in which they are subjected to the drag of a counter-- current of coagulating liquid, without leaving the liquid.
  • the jets may for example be situated inthezcounter-curren't itself provided the velocity of said, current is suitably controlled, so as not to be too great inthe neighborhood of the jets.
  • the materials may pass out of the body of liquid in which extrusion. occurs before entering the counter-current.
  • extrusion occurs in a cylindrical, conical or other suitably shaped vessel through which a current of coagulant descends relatively slowly.
  • the materials emerge through a small orifice at the bottom of this vessel, and pass over a suitable rotating guide positively driven at such a speed as to exert little or no tension upon thematerialsand are then carried in an upward direc-' tion through a cylindrical. or conical vessel down which a current of. liquid is flowing with such velocity as. to exert the required. drag upongthe materials; ,The materials are withdrawn at the top of this vesselv by means. of any suitable drawing off device.
  • the flowof the coagulant' may. be produced by any suitable means, for example, by the use of a sufficient head of liquid, or by the action of in: jectors,f ejectors or pumps.
  • the arrangements maybe such that a. proportion of the coagulant circulates continuously through the apparatus, further coagulant being introduced at some point in the circuit, and a corresponding amount of spent coagulant being continuously drawn off.
  • the velocity of, the coagulant at any point in the path of the materials will in general be maintained constant, when once the process has been set in operation.
  • it is of advantage to set the liquid throughout the whole system moving in such a direction as toassist the travel of the materials towards the collecting device.
  • the collecting device has commenced to draw off thematerials, thevelocity of flow in the various parts of the system may be adjusted as finally required.
  • the system should, therefore be designed so that variation of the velocity of flow can be simply effected, and in. particular so that where during normal work,- ing, the liquid vflows counter to the direction of travel of the materials in starting up said liquid may remain at rest or move in the same direction as the materials.
  • the velocity of the coagulant may be varied during the normal working of the process.
  • filaments and the like of variable denier may be produced'by inter mittently varying the velocity of flow otthecoagqulant. This variation may'take place at regular or irregular intervals.
  • a similar effect may be produced by varying the velocity of the spinning pumps, as described in U. S. application S. No. 390,400 filed 4th September, 1929.
  • each coagulating bath, funnel or other form of coagulating vessel may be provided with one, two or more jets. These may be multiple jets or, especially in case it is required tospin materials of very heavy denier, e. g. bristles, ribbons and the like, single jets.
  • the jets or dies may be of any suitable form. Where the coagulating vessel is provided with two or more jets it is of advantage to isolate the materials issuing from the-respective jets.
  • the materials may or may not be completed before the materials leave the counter-current of coagulant liquid. It is howe ever of advantage for the materials to retain some degree of plasticity after leaving the coagulating liquid or even throughout the whole of their path to the drawing off device.
  • the materials may pass from the vessel in which the liquid drag is applied into one or more further treatment baths which may or may not contain coagulating. or fixing media. A further stretch may if desired be applied in such subsequent treatment baths. In these baths also the liquid may be caused to move in a direction such as to resist the travelof the materials.
  • the counter-current principle substantially the same considerations arise as when the principle is applied to the coagulating baths.
  • the velocity of the counter-current employed will depend on the viscosity of the treating liquid and the plasticity of the vmaterials. It will usually be advantageous in further treatment baths to employ a liquid of greater viscosity and/or flowing at a higher velocity than the liquid in the coagulating baths.
  • the treating baths may be designed so as to permit of varying. the velocity of the moving liquid in the same way as has been indicated in the case of spinning baths.
  • the process of stretching the materials by drawing them through a current of liquid flowing so as to oppose the travel of the materials may be applied to filaments, threads, yarns, films and the like continuously with their production by any spinning process. Further the process may be applied to fully formed or finished materials, which may be softened or plasticized with a view to facilitating stretching.
  • the materials may for example be passed through or immersed in a bath containing any suitable swelling agent for the cellulose derivative. I prefer to soften continuously with the drawing of the material through the counter-current.
  • a softening agent where a softening agent is employed, the nature of said agent, the length of time during which the material is'in contact therewith and the temperature, will naturally be such that a sufficient degree of plasticity is induced in the materials to permit of the stretching operationbeing eifected. In generalthe time and/ or concentration may be decreased with increasing temperature.
  • a relatively high concentration of solvent may be obtained on the filaments or other materials by applying a more dilute solution of a the solvent in a volatile diluent, and producing the high concentration by evaporation of the diluent.
  • aqueous solutions of the relatively non-volatile organic liquid reagents referred to below may be allowed to dry in or evaporate on the materials.
  • concentration of the reagents or the conditions under which they are applied may be varied with the type of material being treated and with its cross-section.
  • the air path between softening and countercurrent stretching baths may be very short or may be eliminated altogether, but even in this case it is of advantage to employ softening agents of moderately high boiling pointin order to minimize losses due to evaporation.
  • any suitable softening agent may be employed.
  • acetone methyl ethyl ketone, cyclo hexanone and other ketones
  • butyl acetate ethyl lactate
  • diethyl tartrate monoordi-ethers of glycols generally, for example ethylene glycol mono-methyl ether and dioxane, dibutyl tartrate and other aliphatic esters
  • diacetone alcohol phenol, thiocyanates
  • zinc chloride and other inorganic swelling agents may be employed, for example
  • the softening agent may be diluted with a non-solvent liquid or diluent, for instance water, benzene or the like.
  • concentration of the softening agent will depend to some extent on the solvent power of the agent used.
  • diacetone alcohol, diethyl tartrate and ethyl lactate may be employed in aqueous or alcoholic solution in a concentration of above 25%, and in fact very good resultsare obtained with concentrations of 25 to 65% strength.
  • the softening agents employed are such that by reason of their innocuous properties they need not be washed out of thematerials and can remain therein to be removed by evaporation only. Good results are obtained with relatively non-volatile neutral organic solvents diluted with a non-solvent diluent, for example aqueous'solutions of diacetone alcohol, diethyl tartrate, monoor di-acetin or ethyl lactate.
  • a non-solvent diluent for example aqueous'solutions of diacetone alcohol, diethyl tartrate, monoor di-acetin or ethyl lactate.
  • the moving liquid in the counter-current stretching baths may be such as to harden the materials.
  • liquids which are non-solvents for the cellulose derivative but solvents for the softening liquid may be employed. It is preferable however to employ for the counter-current liquids having a softening effect.
  • the materials may then undergo a'hardening treatment after emergence from the stretching baths. This may for example consist in removing any softening liquid remaining in the materials by means of heat or'through the action of a suitable treat.- ing liquid. The process may be carried out so that the materials retain some degree of plasticity after emerging from the counter-current stretching baths. Whatever the nature of the liquid employed in the counter-current stretching baths it should preferably have a high viscosity.
  • the materials may be collected and/or twisted by any suitable means. They may, for example, be collected in a spinning box, or wound on a bobbin, swift or other package.
  • the tension necessary to draw the materials through the counter-current may be applied by the collecting .device alone or assisted by any other suitable the materials.
  • the treating liquid may be caused; to flow in the direction of travel of the materials,-as describedin U. S. Patent No. 2,027,- 419 of January .;14, 1936'filed 16th January, 1931 and may in this way supply at least a part of the required tension.
  • the actualtension exerted in this Way will of course depend on the velocity of flowfand the viscosity of the liquid in the treating bath. Where the treating agent itself does not possess the desired viscosity, suitable substances maybe added to the bath to increase the viscosity.
  • the tensionexerted by the collecting device When'the path of the materials is relatively long it is particularly advantageous for the tensionexerted by the collecting device to be supplemented, by suitable means along said path. Further, such means may provide the whole of the tension required, the collecting device being driven at such a speed as to'exert .notension on Before collecting the materials on bobbins, in spinning boxes .etc., their plasticity should be sufficiently reduced to prevent coalescence-on the package. Preferably substantially the whole of the solvent or swelling agent is removed before collecting.
  • the materials may be subjected continuously with the stretching process of the invention to anydesiredafter-treatment. They may for example be-so treated as to modify their lustre,
  • Finely divided relatively insoluble inorganic or organic substances for example finely divided barium sulphate or :titaniumoxide, may be incorporated in the spinning solution-according for example to the processes of U. S. applications S. Nos.
  • the pinning solution may contain nonsolvents compatible with the solvent mixture, for example paramn oil, petroleum ether or other by droearbons, cas-toroil or other animal or vegetable oils. wOther substances may be incorporated ,in-the spinning solution in order, for example, tofacil itate the spinning process or to improve the properties of the product in some-particular respect. Where the spinning solution contains non-solvents for the cellulose derivative these should not, 'o;f -.course,-hepresent in .suflicient cation S. No. 316,617 filed 1st November 1928, or
  • a constituent of the spinning solution hollow filaments may be obtained, as is also described in this specification. If. desired, a temperature difierence may be maintained along the path of the materials in the spinning bath and/or in any subsequent treatment baths.
  • Figs. 1 to 4 show diagrammatic views of apparatus suitable for carrying out the invention in which drag is exerted .on the filaments by a liquid medium at least part'of which. moves countercurrent to the direction of travel of the filaments.
  • Fig, 5 isasectional view along the line- B-B of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 shows another form of apparatus in which the coagulating medium in the; region .of the jet flowsnin the direction of travel of .the filaments.
  • Fig. 7 is a sectional view along the line A-A ofFig. 6.
  • Fig.8 shows a form of apparatus-suitablefor the treatment of formed filaments or other products.
  • Fig. 9 shows a form of apparatus suitable for use in the stretching of formed filaments .orother products continuously with their production by dry spinning methods.
  • v Fig. 1 shows an apparatusconsisting of a cylindrical vessel ill into which a bundle of filaments i2 is. extruded upwards through a spinning jet ii.
  • a coagulating liquid is introduced through a pipe M by means of an annular channel which surrounds the upper constricted portion of a funnel 63, This upper portion may be of any desired length, and in order that this may be clear it is shown as broken in each of the illustrations.
  • the bundle of filaments passes upwards through the funnel and meets a, counter-current of gradually increasing velocity, until it enters the narrow portion of the funnel where the maximum force of the moving liquid is exerted. It passes upthis channel over a guide and is taken up onthe roller or bobbin IS.
  • the coagulating medium issues from the vessel through the outlet l5.
  • Fig; 2 shows a similar form of apparatus but in this case the bundle of filaments l2 extruded from the jet H passes through two funnels l3 and H, the bottom one of which is either positioned close to the base of the vessel l0, o'relse, as shown in the illustration, supported actually upon the base.
  • the bottom of the funnel is formed with openings of a semicircular or other convenient shape, as is shown in Figs. 4 and 5, so that a small quantity of the coagulating liquid may flow through this funnel.
  • the medium surrounding the jet is renewed sufficiently frequently for uniform coagulation of the filaments to be obtained, while at the same time the counter-current in the region of the spinning jet is reduced to a very small amount.
  • the liquid medium is introduced through a pipe I4 and flows out at the bottom of the vessel through a pipe l5.
  • FIG. 3 Another form of apparatus is shown in Fig. 3, in which the containing vessel I is itself made with its upper part in the form of a funnel.
  • the spinning jet II from which the bundle of filaments I2 is extruded is surrounded by a cylindrical partition I9 which serves to protect the filaments, during the first stages of their coagulation, from the full force of the counter-current.
  • the coagulating medium entering through the pipe I 4 leaves the vessel through the pipes I5 and I8, and by suitably dimensioning these two outlets the ratio of the volumes of liquid issuing from them may be adjusted to any desired amount. For example, by making the outlet I8 of relatively small dimensions the volume of liquid flowing from the cylinder I9, and consequently the counter-current in the region of the jet, may also be kept small.
  • Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, a cross-section on the line B--B of Fig. 4, show a form of apparatus which may be employed when it is desired to exert a relatively large tension upon the filament, or when a coagulating medium of relatively small viscosity is employed.
  • the coagulating medium entering through the pipe I4 passes through an injector device 23 so that a suction is exerted and some of the liquid in the vessel I0 is drawn into the pipe.
  • a suitable head of liquid may be maintained above the level of the injector device by controlling the rate of inflow and outflow of the coagulating medium through the pipes I4 and I5.
  • the main body of liquid introduced by the injector device 23 passes down the funnel I3 into the body of the vessel I0 and out through the pipe I5.
  • Concentric with this pipe I5 is a smaller pipe 2!] connected by an annular channel with another funnel I1.
  • suction is exerted at the outlet from the pipe 20 so that the liquid is withdrawn from the funnel II.
  • a semi-circular bafile plate 2! is inserted in order, to prevent an upward flow towards the outlet I 5 causing a turbulent flow in the funnel II.
  • Fig. 6 and Fig. '7 a cross-section on the line AA of Fig. 6, show another form of apparatus in which the coagulating medium in the region of the jet II flows in the direction of travel of the filaments.
  • the apparatus consists of a cylindrical vessel II], the upper part of which has the shape of a funnel.
  • Two inlets for liquid medium are provided, one I4 in the upper constricted portion of the funnel, through which the liquid flows in a downward direction, and the other 25 in the base of the vessel, the liquid introduced at this point flowing upward in the direction of travel of the filaments.
  • the bundle of filaments I2 extruded from the jet II passes first through a current of liquid moving in the direction of their travel, and afterwards through a countercurrent in the upper part of the Vessel.
  • the coagulating medium issues from the vessel by the pipe I5, and in order to prevent the outflow from producing a lateral displacement of the bundle of filaments a suitable baflle 24 is provided.
  • Fig. 8 shows a form of apparatus for the treat ment of formed filaments or other products.
  • the filaments 26 are unwound from a bobbin 2'! or a swift or other device, and are passed in an upward direction through the opening I5, from which the stretching liquid introduced through the pipe I4 issues.
  • the filaments or other products may have been previously brought to a plastic condition by treatment by immersion in a suitable liquid or by any other suitable method, or a liquid having a plasticizing or softening action on the filaments may be used to produce the stretching force.
  • Fig. 9 shows a form of apparatus which may be applied to the stretching of filaments or other products continuously with their production by dry spinning methods.
  • the filaments 36 issuing from the dry-spinning cell 35 are passed round a draw-roller 31 and a back guide 38, over or round a roller 28, where they are treated with a plasticizing medium by means of a spray 29, and then down the vessel 3
  • a suitable liquid medium introduced by an inlet pipe I4
  • the filaments pass over a guide 39 and then round a draw-roller 33 which exerts a stretching force. At the same time they are washed by means of the liquid from the spray 32.
  • the vessels 30 and 34 serve to collectand carry off the excess liquid.
  • Process for the manufacture of artificial filaments, threads,ribbons, films and similar materials which comprises extruding a spinning solution containing cellulose acetate into a liquid medium, which, in the neighborhood of the jet, moves in the direction of travel of the materials to form materials having a continuous'stnict ure; and withdrawing the materials by means, of a suitable drawing device, through a body of liquid moving so as to exert a drag upon the materials.
  • Process for the manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, ribbons, films and similar materials comprising extruding a spinning solution containing cellulose acetate into a liquid medium to form materials having a continuous structure, said liquid medium moving counter to the direction of the materials so as to exert a.
  • Process for the manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, ribbons, films and similar materials which comprises extruding a spinning solution containing an organic derivative of cellulose into a liquid medium to form materials having a continuous structure, said liquid medium being in the neighborhood of the jet substantially stationary and in another part of its path moving counter to the direction of the materials so as to exert a drag thereon, drawing the materials through said liquid medium by means of a drawing roller and conducting the materials to a winding device on which they are wound.
  • Process for the manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, ribbons, films and similar materials which comprises extruding a spinning solution containing cellulose acetate into a liquid medium to form materials having a continuous structure, said liquid medium being in the neighborhood of the jet substantially stationary and in another part of its path moving counter to the direction of the materials so as to exert a drag thereon, drawing the materials through said liquid medium by means of a drawing roller and conducting the materials to a winding device on which they are wound.
  • Process for the manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, ribbons, films and similar materials comprising extruding a spinning solution containing an organic derivative of cellulose into a coagulating bath containing a substantial proportion of a substance capable of softening the cellulose derivative to form materials having a continuous structure, said coagulating bath moving counter to the direction of the materials so as to exert a drag thereon, drawing the materials through said coagulating bath by means of a drawing roller and conducting the materials to a winding device on which they are Wound.
  • Process for the manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, ribbons, films and similar materials comprising extruding a spinning solution 7 containing cellulose acetate into a coagulating bath containing a substantial proportion. of a substance capable of softening the cellulose acetate to form materials having'a continuous structure, said coagulating bath moving counter to the direction of the materials so as to exert a drag thereon, drawing the materials through said coagulating bath by means of a drawing roller and conducting the materials to a winding device on which they are wound.
  • Process for the manufacture of artificial filaments, threads, ribbons, films and similar materials which comprises extruding a spinning solution containing cellulose acetate into an aqueous medium containing a substantial proportion of a softening agent for cellulose acetate so as to form materials having a continuous structure, said medium moving counter to the direction of the materials so as to exert a. drag thereon and drawing the materials through said medium by means of a drawing roller and conducting the materials to a winding device on which they are wound.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US593859A 1931-03-27 1932-02-18 Manufacture of artificial threads, ribbons, and like materials Expired - Lifetime US2054852A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2416291A (en) * 1942-11-14 1947-02-25 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for spinning synthetic shapes
US2425782A (en) * 1944-03-04 1947-08-19 Celanese Corp Preparation of filaments
US2467541A (en) * 1943-07-03 1949-04-19 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for spinning artificial filamentous products
US2705183A (en) * 1952-03-08 1955-03-29 American Viscose Corp Viscose spinning process
US2711559A (en) * 1952-06-28 1955-06-28 Celanese Corp Viscose spinning process and apparatus
US2712977A (en) * 1951-09-26 1955-07-12 Ici Ltd Method and apparatus for treating a tow of filaments or threads in a limited space
US2758909A (en) * 1950-12-20 1956-08-14 British Celanese Manufacture of filamentary materials by a wet spinning process
US2766099A (en) * 1949-12-22 1956-10-09 British Celanese Production of artificial filaments
US2911674A (en) * 1953-09-02 1959-11-10 British Celanese Wet spinning apparatus including filament wiping means
US3002804A (en) * 1958-11-28 1961-10-03 Du Pont Process of melt spinning and stretching filaments by passing them through liquid drag bath
US3133979A (en) * 1962-11-16 1964-05-19 Fmc Corp Wet spinning of acetic acid solutions of cellulose acetate
US3204434A (en) * 1961-07-08 1965-09-07 Valls Conrado Apparatus for the treatment of a web of material by a fluid
US3488344A (en) * 1966-10-07 1970-01-06 Bemberg Spa Method and apparatus for the production of manmade fibres and manmade fibres obtained thereby

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2416291A (en) * 1942-11-14 1947-02-25 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for spinning synthetic shapes
US2467541A (en) * 1943-07-03 1949-04-19 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for spinning artificial filamentous products
US2425782A (en) * 1944-03-04 1947-08-19 Celanese Corp Preparation of filaments
US2766099A (en) * 1949-12-22 1956-10-09 British Celanese Production of artificial filaments
US2758909A (en) * 1950-12-20 1956-08-14 British Celanese Manufacture of filamentary materials by a wet spinning process
US2712977A (en) * 1951-09-26 1955-07-12 Ici Ltd Method and apparatus for treating a tow of filaments or threads in a limited space
US2705183A (en) * 1952-03-08 1955-03-29 American Viscose Corp Viscose spinning process
US2711559A (en) * 1952-06-28 1955-06-28 Celanese Corp Viscose spinning process and apparatus
US2911674A (en) * 1953-09-02 1959-11-10 British Celanese Wet spinning apparatus including filament wiping means
US3002804A (en) * 1958-11-28 1961-10-03 Du Pont Process of melt spinning and stretching filaments by passing them through liquid drag bath
US3204434A (en) * 1961-07-08 1965-09-07 Valls Conrado Apparatus for the treatment of a web of material by a fluid
US3133979A (en) * 1962-11-16 1964-05-19 Fmc Corp Wet spinning of acetic acid solutions of cellulose acetate
US3488344A (en) * 1966-10-07 1970-01-06 Bemberg Spa Method and apparatus for the production of manmade fibres and manmade fibres obtained thereby

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB375424A (en) 1932-06-27
FR731239A (fr) 1932-08-31

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