US2054816A - Electronic oscillator - Google Patents

Electronic oscillator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2054816A
US2054816A US466524A US46652430A US2054816A US 2054816 A US2054816 A US 2054816A US 466524 A US466524 A US 466524A US 46652430 A US46652430 A US 46652430A US 2054816 A US2054816 A US 2054816A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
anode
tube
frequency
oscillations
grid
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US466524A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hollmann Hans Erich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
American Telephone and Telegraph Co Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by American Telephone and Telegraph Co Inc filed Critical American Telephone and Telegraph Co Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2054816A publication Critical patent/US2054816A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D11/00—Super-regenerative demodulator circuits
    • H03D11/02—Super-regenerative demodulator circuits for amplitude-modulated oscillations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/68—Tubes specially designed to act as oscillator with positive grid and retarding field, e.g. for Barkhausen-Kurz oscillators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D1/00—Demodulation of amplitude-modulated oscillations
    • H03D1/26—Demodulation of amplitude-modulated oscillations by means of transit-time tubes

Definitions

  • My invention relates to improvements in' ultra high frequencyelectronicoscillators Y, and -more particularly to oscillators of the Barkhausen type.
  • Shorter waves can be vgenerated by what is :called the braking field method according to Barkhausen and Kurz in which the frequency is mainly determined by the time of transit of the electrons in the interelectrode space.
  • the grid potential ishighly positive and the plate potential is negative. wave lengths produced are found to be'prir'narily determined only by the dimensions of the tubeA and the applied potentials and are not greatly inuenced by the constants of the associated circuits.
  • the object of my invention isto .provide an improved circuit for transmitting as well as for receiving utilizing the above method, and which f insures increased efficiency and ease of operation. ,Y
  • a more specic object of the ⁇ invention is to provide means in connection with an electronic.v
  • Fig. 1 I have shown, for purposesof illus- The' Voscillating system Z, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 are theoretical curves illustrating the physical phenomena taking place in a circuit according to Fig. 2 which are made use of in accordance with the spirit of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a circuit arrangement adaptable for transmission as well as for reception embodying the novel improvements.
  • an electronic tube of the thermionic type comprising a heated cathode c, grid electrode g, and anode a.
  • the cathode is maintained at electron emitting temperature by means of a heating battery En.
  • a positive potential with respect to the cathode is applied to the grid electrode by a grid battery Eg, and a negative potential with respect to the cathode is applied to the anode by a battery Ea in combination with a potentiometer p, which latter serves to adjust a proper-value of anode potential'.
  • VAs explained above the electrons emitted from the cathode and attracted by the positive grid will pass through the meshes of the grid and will' be reversed by the counter-acting field of the negative anode whereby a kind of to ⁇ and fro movement of the electrons about the grid takes place at a frequency dependent on the dimensions of the tube and the operating potentials applied, as may be readily understood.
  • a parallel wire Wires are connected by a bridge comprising a blocking condenser of Ylarge capacity and two open wires l which latter may serve for radiation of the oscillations into space.
  • the length of the wires Z has to be equal to the 50 wave length, or a multiple thereof, of the oscillations produced within the tube.
  • the distance d of the bridge from the tube electrodes be a multiple of the wave length.
  • Fig. 4 the relation between anode current and anode voltage.
  • the curve A' which corresponds to the operating point A according to' Fig. 3 illustrates. the-gradual decrease of the current-With increasing negative anode potential, that is for the case that the oscillatory lwire system Z is considerably out of tune with the oscillating. frequency of the electrons within the tube?
  • Y may be described as frequencyregeneration.
  • This curve, ⁇ whichfshows the fnegative 'anode current as a function'ofy the -tuning of the'oscillatory system is obtained by moving the con-V densersbridgeto different-distances d from-the tube electrodes Immediately after passing the point B the frequency'reaction sets in and alfrapid risefof the vanode currentltakes ⁇ place.l
  • the setting in of the frequency reaction and the increase of the anode current/associatedY therewith is .not only dependent on thetuning of the-oscillatory system,.but also on the electron frequency within the'tube'-
  • the setting in of the frequency reaction willf-lr'nove'to higher frequencies, the high-er the originalffrequency ofthe electron movements. This provides an opportunity to control the frequency reaction veitherfby detuning the oscillatory circuit or by changing'theAv operatingconditions, as, for example, by varyingv .the-direct'current potentials applied'to theelec-l ly with increasing anodevoltage.r
  • this phenomenon ismade use of for producing a current off: diierentffrequencyto be utilized .in connection with the Yhigh frequency oscillations forV the purpose 'off practical application of these ultra-high frequency currents, such as for transmissionand receiving of 'wireless signals.
  • Fig. 5 which'diifers from Fig. 2 in that an oscillatory circuit o of the-ordinary type comprising Va concentrated inductance and capacity in parallelislincluded in thefanode leads.
  • thecircuit owill4 oscillate in a frequency equal to its own natural7 frequency, which may be chosen at will by proper tuning-in. the manner Well known in the art.
  • the system' is used as an oscillator for transmission and if the oscillations produced by the the oscillations may be observed by means of a telephone receiver T included in the anode lead.
  • the oscillations produced by the oscillatory circuit o are impressed upon the high frequency oscillations produced by the tube system or, according to common language, the high frequency electronic oscillations are modulated in accordance with the frequency equal to the natural frequency of the circuit o.
  • the same circuit according to Fig. 5 is to be used as a receiver, care must be taken that the open wires Z as well as the distance d are properly tuned to the frequency radiated by the transmitter. Furthermore in this case the tube is so operated, that it produces only very weak oscillations (for instance by decreasing the heating current). Whenever incoming waves impinge upon the wires l', the oscillations are increased and the circuit o in this case too acts by a kind of self modulation by which an effect similar to the well known super regenerative action in radio receivers is obtained, producing'a considerable increase of the receiving current intensity.
  • an electronic oscillator comprising an electron discharge tube, having electron Aemitting cathode, anode, and auxiliary grid electrode, means to apply suitable positive and negative potential to said grid and anode electrodes, respectively, to produce ultra high frequency oscillations, a utilization circuit for said ultra high frequency oscillations, connected' to said discharge tube, means whereby the discharge path within said tube exhibits negative resistance characteristic, and an oscillatory circuit comprising an inductance and capacity in parallel connected to said tube to be excited in its own natural frequency by said negative resistance to impress a modulating note of substantially different frequency upon said high frequency oscillations.
  • an electronic oscillator comprising an electron discharge tube having a cathode, anode, and grid electrode, means to apply suitable positive and negative potential to said grid and anode, respectively, for producing ultra high frequency oscillations, a two-Wire oscillating system connected to said grid and said anode, said oscillating system being so adjusted in respect to the natural frequency of the electron movements, that the discharge path of the tube exhibits negative resistance characteristic, and an oscillatory circuit comprising an inductance and a capacity in multiple connected to said tube to be excited in its natural frequency by said negative resistance to impress a modulating note of substantial- 1y different frequency upon said ultra high frequency oscillations.
  • an electronic oscillator comprising an electron tube having cathode, anode and'grid electrode, means to apply suitable positive and negative potential to said grid and anode, respectively, for producing ultra highr frequency oscillations, a two-wire oscillatory system, connected to said anode and said grid, means to adjust the length of said oscillating system in respect to the natural frequency of the interelectrode electron movements in such manner that the tube operates within its range exhibiting negative resistance characteristic and an oscillatory circuit consisting of an inductance and capacity in parallel connected to said tube to be excited in its natural frequency by said negative resistance to impress a modulating note of substantially lower frequency upon said ultra high frequency oscillations.
  • a three electrode electron tube having cathode, grid and anode, means for applying positive potential to said grid with respect to said cathode, means for applying a potential to said anode at least as negative as that of said cathode, whereby high frequency oscillations are produced, a two-Wire oscillatory system connected to said grid and said anode, a condenser bridge for adjusting the length of said wire system, and an oscillatory circuit consisting of an inductance and capacity in parallel and inserted in series with said second means, said potentials being furthermore so adjusted as to secure negative resistance characteristic -of said tube to excite said auxiliary circuit in its own frequency to impress a modulating note upon said high frequency oscillations.
  • a three electrode electron tube having cathode, grid and anode, means for applying positive potential to said grid with respect to said cathode, means for applying negative potential to said anode with respect to said cathode, whereby ultra high frequency oscillations are produced, a two-Wire oscillating system connected to said grid and said anode, a condenser bridge for adjusting the length of said system, said potentials and the tuning of said wire system being so related that the tube cperates within its operating range exhibiting negative resistance characteristics and an oscillatory circuit consisting of an inductance and a capacity in parallel inserted in series with said first means for applying potential to impress a modulating note of substantially different frequency upon said high frequency oscillations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
US466524A 1929-07-10 1930-07-08 Electronic oscillator Expired - Lifetime US2054816A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE358145X 1929-07-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2054816A true US2054816A (en) 1936-09-22

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US466524A Expired - Lifetime US2054816A (en) 1929-07-10 1930-07-08 Electronic oscillator

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2054816A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (2) FR358145A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB358145A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL39124C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2517731A (en) * 1946-04-09 1950-08-08 Rca Corp Microwave transmission system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2517731A (en) * 1946-04-09 1950-08-08 Rca Corp Microwave transmission system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB358145A (en) 1931-10-08
NL39124C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR700544A (fr) 1931-03-02
FR358145A (fr) 1906-01-29

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