US2054811A - Statistical card - Google Patents

Description

56H51.. 22, M935. l- -L GOEHUTZ 2,@541l S TATISTICAL CARD Origin: il Filed Aug. 5o, wzl s Sheets-sheet 1 Sept. 22, 1936. H. GOERLiTz 2,054,811

STATISTICAL CARD Original' Filed Aug. 30, 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 M iff-'5.5.Y 4 f Kazzaoerl 'izz www? eff/wy,

Patented Sept. 22, 1936 Hans Goerlitnllusseldori,

ts, to Remington Rand Inc.,

mesne assignmen Germany, assignor, by

Buialo, N. Y., a corporation ot Delaware Application August 39,

Renewed November June 6, 1918 6 Claims.

1921, Serial No. 496,944. 24, 1931. In Germany (Cl. 23S-1) (Granted under the provisions of the act o1 March Perforated cards of the kind employed for statistical machines generally have index point locations thereon in horizontal lines or series of printed numerals or ciphers from to 9 located 5 so that vertical lines or series are formed reading 0 to 9 from top to bottom of the card. Even ii the adjacent numerals'or perforations or index points are so close together that only an extremely narrow space is left between them, the

Width of the card or paper necessary for giving a numerical value by perforations, as compared with the height of the same numerical value by print, is about ten times as much. This considerable waste of paper is still further increased by the fact that the distance between the single horizontal lines must be greater than the corresponding distance or space in a horizontal direction, due to constructional requirements and with a view to reliable working of the perforating, sorting or summing machine. Thus the usual perforated cards show a vertical distance between the centres of two adjacent holes equal to the double of the diameter of the holes. The width of the card, therefore, is equal to twenty diameters of the holes or perforations besides the additional space required for the heading and inscription.

The invention relates to a new statistical card` and utilization of the available space of the paper W y or card to the double ci the use as heretofore, without involving any essential modifications in the construction of the statistical machines hitherto employed for the purpose. This object of the present invention is realized by utilizing one and the same card subsequently for two different records and tabulations. To this end the card is provided with different systems of perforations which are used in succession for the tabulating action, one of the two systems occupyingv those o spaces or interstices which, either for the required distance between the perforating punchesin mechanically operating machines-or for the required interval between two subsequent perforations--in electrically operating machines, nec- 45 essarily must remain free from holes or perforations. The machines, however, are provided with devices for controlling the same, as desired, ior action in connection with the one or the other one of the two systems of perforations.

50 The invention allows of being realized in quite a variety of embodiments. It consists ofa statistical card comprising novel structural features which are herein described and specified in claims following the description. In the annexed drawings inA which several embodiments are illustrated r by way of example:

41 Stat. L. 1313) Figs. 1, v2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6 and 'l are face-views of cards and portions of cards that exemplify those embodiments.

Figure l represents a perforatedcard which, in lieu of the usual ten horizontal lines or series of 5 numerals, is provided with twenty lines or series, the numerals of the one set `or system of lines being shown in full lines and the numerals of the other set or system being shown in dotted lines. The numerals or perforations of the one 10 system are located in the spaces between the numerals of the vertical lines of the other system.` In both systems the numerical order from 0 to' 9 goes from top to bottom. The vertical lines dividing the card into a number of separate columnar 15 elds and also the headings or inscriptions at the top are common to both systems, a1 and a2 denoting the distances of the two lines comprising the numeral 9 only, from the adjacent edge or margin of the card. The distances b1 and bz of the two 20 outer vertical lines of numerals from the edges of the card are equal.

Figure 2 represents a card likewise with two systems of numeral lines as before. The numerals. and perforations of the one system are also located in the spaces between the numerals of the vertical lines of the other system. But while in the one system the numerical order from 0 to 9 goes from top to bottom, in the other system the card must be turned for 180 to read from top 30 to bottom. In each system separate vertical dividing linesand separate headings or inscriptions on top of the columns thus obtained are necessary. The distances a1 and a2 are equal to each other but are not tances a,l and a2 of Fig. 1. The distances b1 and 1:2 are also equall just as in Figure 1. In order to prevent perforations of a card that is not in proper position in the pile to operate the machine, two diagonally opposed corners of the card are cut off diierently so that it is easily found on inspection whether or not the cards are properly piled to avoid improper actuation oi the machine.

Figure 3 showsa card similar to that in Figure 1 with the exception that the numerals and perforations of the lines oi the one system are arranged vertically above or below the intermel diate spaces of adjacent periorations of the other system. This arrangement aords a more advantageous utilization of the paperl than in Figure 1. The proportions of the card in general use are such that a maximum advantage is obtained by keeping the distance c1, Figure 3*, equal to the distance c2. The distance c1 is a standard. distance in these cards and is such as to leave 55 the same in extent'as the dis- 35 erated machine.

a suitable amount of card stock between two perforations. If the distance c2 were greater than this, it would place4 the 9 perforation unneces` sarily close to'the lower edge of the card. a1 and a2 denote the distances of the line 9 from the adjacent edge or margin of the card, and b1 and b* denote the distances of end lines of numerals from of the card. A

Figure 4 represents a card which is a combitheir djcnt edges nation of the cards shown in Figures 2 and 3.

'I'he perforations of the same characters in the one system are located vertically below or above the interstices between adjacent holes of the other system. The numerical order of the characters or perforations from to 9 increases, in the one system, from top to bottom 'and in the other system likewise from top to bottom upon turning the card for 180. The distances a1, a2, 111,112 are of like nature as in Figures 2 and 3. Figure illustrates a card similar to that in Figure 1' except that the perforations are not juxtaposed but eccentrically superposed,.and the {numerals need not be lines or rows. The distances al, a2, b1, b2 are of the same nature as in Figure 1. The above described arrangement of the perforations in eccentric superposition is also applicable in the cards shown in Figures 2 to 4. y Y

Figure 5. If in the card shown in Figure 5 a third perforation is applied in eccentric superposition, the card is utilizable for three systems. The -numerals of the single systems may be printed on one side of the card only, or one side thereof may be used for the print of the one system and the other side for the second system. As the printed numerals are only an auxiliary means for the eye of the reader and as the known automatic summing machines with printing mechanisms may be so constructed as to perforate holes in the shape of numerals, also cards Without an printed numerals may be used.

According to whether the cards are to be worked in machines having a pin-box or in an electrically driven machine having a brush to wipe over the card or any other appropriate feeling member, in the use of some of the above described cards controlling arrangements are necessary for ensuring that, as desired, only the perforations of the one or those of the other system actuate the controlling members of the machine. Arrangements or devices for the purpose are described in Letters Patent of the United States No. 1,769,022, dated July 1, 1930, in connection with a mechanical machine and with an electrically op- 'I'he manner in which punching or perforating machines are constructed and applicable for perforations of the one or the other' numeral system is also described in said patent.

In the following description two further solutions ofthe problem of utilizing one and the same card several times are given. To this end punches and pins of different shape are employed for the first use and for a second or third use of the card.

Figure 6 shows a card with circular, concentric perforations or holes of different diameter. For the first use perforations or holes of a smaller diameter are punched or stamped out, for a subsequent use of the card larger punches are inserted into the perforating machine and for working on the cards corresponding largerl pins or stamps are to be inserted into the pin-boxes of the sorting and summing machines.

Figure 7 illustrates a card having elongated the vertical outer `or l in statistic Vof cards are consumed.

printed except in single' perforations or holes of oblong shape which, for the one use, are located horizontally and, for a second use, are located vertically. In connection with these crossedl perforations differently shaped pins for the -pin-box are to be employed to'successively work on the two systems.

It is further obvious that in any of the systems above described, the holes or perforations will be so restricted in size that the perforations in one horizontal row will not overlap or extend into l the-digit spaces of adjacent rows. l

As regards the economical advantages the invention affords a saving of paper amounting to about 50% which is of importance particularlyv or similar cases where large masses 1 The above percentage still further increases considerably in case that cards having three systems of perforations or holes, as indicated in Figure 5?,v are employed.

A perforated card in which the invention is 2* embodied has a. mechanical function. It is essentially a component of a machine. It ,comprises appropriately arranged digit-spaces forming digit-columns. There aretwo (or, in Fig. 5. three) separate sets or aggroupments of digit- 25 columns on the card, viz., one set or aggroupment for the first use of the card and another set or aggroupment for the second use of the card; and in each aggroupment of columns the perforations denote digits of said columns. In Figs. 1, 2, 5, 5a, 6 and 7, a column of one aggroupment co'vers the same area on the card as the corresponding column of another aggroupment, and these columns may, therefore, be called composite columns, as distinguished from the columns of Figs. 3 and 4, which may be traced by sinuous vertical lines as covering separate areas of the card.

The perforations of each of these aggroupments are spaced as are like perforations of each 40 other aggroupment and as they would be in an ordinary Powers control card, i. e., their spacing in each digit-column of the aggroupment and the spacing in the aggroupment of the Digit-columns thereof (the first an'd succeedingfseries of 45 digits severally indicated by the numerals 0 etc., to 9 inclusive) are the same respectively as the spacings (between digits of a column and between digit-columns) that characterize the control cards commonly used in Powers tabulating machines. An ordinary control card comprises columnar fields each composed of a digit-column, or a plurality of digit-columns, whichvcolumnar fields are commonly indicated by lines extending nearly across the card between digit-columns of different columnar fields, nd rah of the cards shown herein also comprises such columnar fields. The lines are, of course, merely for convenience; the fields would exist without them.

The perforations of each of the aforesaid aggroupments are made with punching machines/ such as are commonly used and the punches of which are spaced as they have been for many years, and the perforations of each aggroupment are utilized in tabulating as are those o1 a com- 65 mon control card, which when a card is fed into a common tabulating machine, register with correspondingly spaced devices that are comprised in the machine and are movable when it is oper ated to and through the perforations of the card.

Hence, each aggroupment f perforations is so located with respect to the leading edge or edges of the card that when the card is fed into the tabulating machine until the leading edge of the tard is brought to the stop that arrests the card `the perforations of the record to be tabulated, whichever of the two or three records that may be, shall register with the devices of the machine which mustpass through the perforations of that record.

I claim as my invention:

l. A perforated card which controls the action of tabulating machines and which comprises columnar elds and appropriately arranged digit-spaces forming digit-columns and the perforations of which denote digitsof said columns, there being separate aggroupments of digit-columns, and a digit-column of each of said aggroupments being comprised in a single columnar eld, and the perforations of each aggroupment being .relatively spaced as are like perforations of each other aggroupment, each perforation of any of which aggroupments denotes the numerical value that is denoted by anotherperforation when the latter is punched in the same columnar ileld and in the equivalent digit space contained in a digit-column of another aggrouprnent', y

2. A perforated card which controls the action of 4tabulating machines. and which comprises columnar fields and appropriately arranged digitspaces forming digit-columns and the perforations of which denote digits of said columns, there being separate aggroupments of digit-columns, and a digit-column of each of said aggroupments being comprised in a single columnar eld of the card, and the-'perforations of each aggroupment being relatively spaced as are like perforations of each other aggroupment, and the digit-spaces of any column of` each of which aggroupments form with the digit-spaces of a column of each other aggroupment a composite digit-column, each perforation of any of which aggroupments denotes the numerical value that is denoted by another perforation when the latter is punched perforation of either of which aggroupments denotes the numerical value that is denoted by another perforation when the latter is punched in the same columnar field and in the equivalent digit-space contained in a"digitcolumn of the plus a small fraction thereof and the length of which is the same as that of the card.

4. A perforated card which controls the action of tabulating machines and which comprises columnar elds and appropriately arranged digit-spaces forming digitcolumns, and the perforations of which denote digits of said co1'- umn's, there being two separate aggroupments of digit-columns, and a digit-column of each of said aggroupments being comprised in a single columnar field of the card, and the perforations of each aggroupment being relatively spaced as are like perforations of the otherv aggroupment, l

each perforation of either of which aggroupments denotes the numerical value that is denoted by another perforation when the latter is punched in the same columnar field and in the equivalent digit-space contained in a digit-column of the other aggroupment, and the distances of equivalent perforations from the edges of the .cardf adapting perforations of either aggroupmentl and equivalent perforations of the other aggroupment alternately to be located at the same spots re-v spectively when the card lies on a bed and within a space the width of which is the same as that of the card. l

5. A perforated card which controls the action of tabulating machines and which comprises columnar fields and appropriately arranged digitspaces forming digit-columns and the perforations ofwhich denote digits of said columns, there being two separate aggroupments of digit-columns, and a digit-column of each of said aggroupments being comprised in a single columnar field of the card, and each of these digit-columns being adjacent to the other, and the perforations of each aggroupment being relatively spaced as are like perforations of the other aggroupment, each perforation of either of which aggroupments, denotes the numerical value that is denoted by another perforation when the latter is punched in the equivalentv digit-space in an adjacent digit-column of the other aggroupment.

6. A tabulating card having control apertures arranged in vertical columns and horizontal lines and representing data, one set of data being represented by obiong holes, each having its greater dimension vertical, and another set of data being represented by oblong holes, each having its greater dimension horizontal. i

HANS 'GOERIIIZ

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