US2053719A - Rivet setting machine - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 8,1936. l.. c. HucK ET A1.

I RIVET SETTING MACHINE riginal Filed oct. e, 1932 :s sheets-sheet 1 ATTQRNE'Ys.

Sept 8, 1936- c. HUcK ET A1.

vRIVE'I' SETTING MACHINE Original Filed Oct. 6, i932 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 .77 L/ZFP BY Ralf-Ea Maler:

ATTORNEYS.

Sept. 8, L C HUCK ET AL RIVET SETTING MACHINE original Fiied oct. e, 1932 5 sneets4sheet ,5

Pfgi- E15.

Patented Sept. 8, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE arva'r su'rrmG MACHINE Application October 6, 1932, Serial No. 838,480 Renewed May 5, 1934 79 Claims. (Cl. 218-19) The invention relates to fastening mechanisms and it has particular relation to an apparatus for applying rivets to structural elements -for securing them together.

In the copending application for patent of Louis C. Huck, relating to rivets, Serial No. 545,004, filed June 17, 1931, 'a rivet is illustrated which comprises a female member having a tubular body portion and a rivet head formed at one end thereof, and a male or shank member extending longitudinally through the female inem,- ber and which has a head at one end engaging that part of the female member opposite the head on the latter. This shank or male member ex- 5 tends through and beyond the head on thel tubular member to provide a gripping portion.'I The rivet as thus assembled may be inserted through structural openings until the rivet head on the female member engages one side of the structure.

In setting the rivet, the projecting portion of the male member is gripped and pulled while the reactionary force is applied to the head on the female member adjacent thereto and as the male member is pulled, the head thereon at the oppo-` site end of the female member causesan outward bulbing of the body portion of the female memberbetween the structure and the head on the male member, to form a bulbed head -at the oppositepside of the structure.

In the co-pending application of Louis C. Huck relating to rivets, Serial No. 599,868, filed March 16, 41932, a. rivet of this general type is illustrated but certain desirable improvements are incorporated therein. In the first place, the dimensions 85 of the male and female members and particularly the dimensions of the body portion of the female member to be bulbed into a head, and the materials employed in the male and female members are such that during the initial pulling of the male member, the body portion of the femaleA member is so axially compressed and the metal is so upset that any spaces or interstices existing between the sides of the opening in-the structure -being riveted and the female member, aswell as the spaces between the male and female members,

are closed for the purpose of rendering the connection very tight. Subsequently to this initial phase of the rivet setting operation, the body portion of the female member between the head and the'male member and the structure being riveted is outwardly bulbed'into a head and then upon further pulling of the male member, it breaks at a point determined by location of a groove or break neck in the male member which is located following the bulbing of the head, substantially at the outer face of the head of the female member, althoughof course this groove may be located at any other point desired. The groove of undercut character naturally provides a portion in the male member ofvweaker construction and in this 5 manner the breaking point is determined. As illustrated and described in this co-pending application, the projecting end of the male member preferably is provided with grooves or threads to facilitate the gripping thereof. l@

Generally these features or improvements are also incorporated in the co-pending application 0f Louis C. Huck, Serial No. 604,759, filed April 12, 1932, although in this construction it has not been found necessary to initially bulb a small ifi and thinner portion of the female member adjacent the head on the male member, to reinforce the end of the female member against bursting during the subsequent4 formation of the main bulbed head. 20

While the rivets described and illustrated in the aforesaid copending applications for patent have been very satisfactory, considerable thought has been given to the effect of the recoil on the male member in the rivet when its projecting end has 25', been broken. Considerable force is required to set the lrivet and a still larger force is required to break the male member at the undercut or groove after the bulbed head is formed and when this break occurs, there is naturally considerable 30 recoil and it has been thought possible that this recoil may cause slight loosening of the rivet connection. In view of the fact that the male member and female member adjacent the head on the former are locked together when the rivet 35 is set. this recoil on the male member following breaking thereof at the groove', and possibly inherent resilient characteristics of the bulbed head tend to movethe pin slightly in a. direction opposite that in which it is moved during the rivet 40 setting operation. It seems that by providing a rivet such as4 will hereinafterbe described and illustrated, and setting it in a certain manner and with the machine illustrated, the eect of this recoil may be largely neutralized if not obvi 45 ated. At any rate it seems that a rivet of the character described may be made tighter and this invention particularly ,is related to a machine for setting a rivet` so as to obtain a tighter and stronger rivet connection. Primarily it has been 50 found that if the female member, and particularly that portion of the female member adjacent the initially formed head, is locked to the male member adjacent the groove provided therein for breaking purposes, prior to the breaking of the 55 vabove-mentioned character, which locks the male and female members positively at that end of the latter opposite the bulbed head.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus wherein a force directed in a direction opposite to the force pulling the male member, is employed to lock the male and female members as set forth above.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus of the above designated character in which the male and female members are locked in the manner set forth, after the female member has been bulbed to form a head, and prior to breaking the male member as stated.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for locking the male and female members together, comprising an anvil adapted to swage the head of the female member on to the male member.

Another object of the invention is to provide power-means for electing the head of the female member from the swaging anvil upon completion of the swaging operation and after the male member is broken.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for locking the male and female members together in the manner set forth, wherein the initially formed head on the female member is disposed in a countersunk opening in the structure being riveted.

Another `object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for optionally setting a rivet having either type of head, and locking the parts as set forth.

Other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the claims hereinafter set forth.

For a better understanding of the invention reference may be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part' of the' specification, wherein:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view f a rivet setting machine constructed according to one form of the invention, and also illustrates a pressure boosting device for supplying iluid under pressure to the machine.

Fig. 2 is an end view of the machine shown by Fig. 1, as seen from the left end thereof, and alsc:i illustrates a valve construction in cross sec on.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view on a larger scale eral interlocking arrangement shown by Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of the machine illustrating its selectivity of operation for setting of rivet of a different type.

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along the line Iii-I0 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially along the line II-II of Fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a rivet inserted in a structure to be riveted, wherein the rivet is particularly adapted to be set by the machine as illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. 13 is a view similar to that shown by Fig. 12 illustrating the rivet after it has been set.

Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view of another type of rivet inserted in a structure which is particularly adapted to be set by the machine when employed in the manner shown by Fig. 9.

Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the rivet shown by Fig. 14, after it has been set.

Attention is rst directed to Fig. 12 illustrating a rivet particularly adapted to besetby using a machine hereafter to be described. In this figure structural elements I0 and II to be riveted are illustrated and it will be understood that initially an opening will be provided in the structure for receiving the rivet. 'I'he rivet shown comprises a tubular member I2 having a head I3 at one end preferably tapered on its outer surface at an angle to the rivet axis, for engaging the outer side of structural element I0, and which at its other end has a radially and inwardly projecting portion Il disposed in a groove I5 formed in a pin I 6 extending through the tubular member. Adjacent the grove I5, the pin is provided with a head I1 engaging the end face of the tubular member, whereas the opposite end of the pin projects beyond the outer face of the head I3 and is provided with threads or grooves I8 for cooperating with similar threads or grooves provided in the gripping surfacesof jaws in the machine. Intermediate its ends, the pin is provided with several threads or grooves I9 and a break neck or slightly deeper groove 20. In setting a rivet of this character, the threaded 0r grooved portion I8 of the pin is gripped and pulled while the reactionary force is applied against the head I3 of the tubular member and during this operation, movement of the head I1 causes an outward bulbing of the body portion of the tubular member between the structuralv element II and such head on the pin, to provide a bulbed head as indicated at ZI in Fig. 13. It may be stated at this time that the radial projection Il on the tubular member, disposed in the groove. I! on the pin, reinforces this end of the tubular member and insures proper bulbing to form the head 2| without danger of the head I1 on the pin passing through the tubular member and possibly bursting it. When the head 2l is formed as shown in Fig. 13, the break neck 2li preferably.

is located adjacent the outer face of the head I I on the tubularmember, and followingsetting of the head, a continued and more forceful pull on the pinwill tension it sufficiently to break it at such break neck as illustrated in Fig. 13. Prior to breaking the pin. it has been found very de- 2,053,719 will readily' be appreciated that the recoil might l be effective to move the pin slightly in the direction opposite that in which itwas moved to set the rivet and thus loosen the rivet connection. Owing to the lock between the tubular member and the pin` adjacent the head I1, any slight movement of the pin in such reverse direction necessarily affects the bulbed head 2| and in fact the latter may have inherent resiliency to even assist the action of the recoil force. It will thus be seen that it is desirable to prevent largely, if notentirely, the.action ofl the recoil on the pin after breaking thereof, and to prevent any looseningof the connection as a result of this recoil or the recoil in combination with the inherent resiliency of the head 2| following its:

formation. As a means forlocking the pin and 'tubular member adjacent the head I3, the

plates, and prior to breaking of the pin, the

metal in the tubular member adjacent and in the head I3, is directed radially and inwardly into the grooves I9 as indicated in Fig. 13. This is eiected between the head forming operation and the pin breaking operation, by contracting at least a portion of the head I3, into the grooves I9, the contracted portion being indicated in Fig. 13 at 22. Then upon breaking of the pin, it is apparent that the interlocking of the tubular member adjacent to and in the head I3, with the grooves I9 in the pin, will largely, if not entirely, prevent any backward movement of the pin, upon breaking thereof. The machine illustrated in Fig. 1, is particularly adapted to set this rivet,

terms upsetting of swaging are used to describe the operation by which a flow of metal is effected to obtain a locking engagement. It is to be understood that these terms are intended to define any operation'by-which the metal is moved or flows and that they should not be'subject to any more limited construction such as they may have in the metal working art.

Referring to Fig. l, a machine illustrated for setting the rivet comprsesha casting 23 having a handle portion 24, and such casting and handle portion thereof have passages 26 and4 25 respectively. Adjacent the handle portion, a trigger 21 is provided which is adapted to operate a normally closed valve 28 that closes the passage 25 to the atmosphere, 4a port 29 being provided to communicate the passageway 25 with the atmosphere when the valve is open. When -the valve is closed, the passage 25 is in communication with a secbnd passage 30 having a ball check valve 3|, and which in turn communicates with a cylinder 32. Passage 25 is connectedv to a lexible fluid pressure line such as a compressed air line indicated at 33 and, accordingly, it will be understood that when the valve is' closed fluid or air under pressure may, if necessary, iiow past valve 3| and to thel interior of cylinder 32, Whereas when the valve is open, the passage 25, passage 35i to the valve 3|, and hence the pressure line 33 communicate directly with the atmosphere.

Passage 26 is provided to conduct fluid underlpressure such as oil, to other parts of the machine hereinafter described, and v,for this purpose a flexible oil pressure line 34 communicates with such passage. The line 34 is connected to o barrel 35 having a plunger therein, and this plunger in turn is connectedto apiston provided in a `cylinder 36. Movement of the piston in cylinder 36 is effected by air pressure from an air pressure line 31 connected to a valve mechanism 38- and thelatter through conduit 33 is controlled by trigger 21.

The mechanism so far described, except for the check valve 3I, is substantially identical tothe rivet setting machine disclosed in the'co-pending application of Louis C. Huck and `George T. Chap- `man, Serial No. 615,544, filed June 6, 1932, and for this reason it seems only necessary to briefly describe the operation of this part of the mechanism. When-the trigger 21 is pulled, passage 25 and passage 30 to check valve 3lcommunicate with the atmosphere and the reduction in pressure in the air line 33 so operates the valve mechanism 38 that the piston in cylinder 36 and plunger in barrel 35 move to the left, causing a pressure on and flow of the oil through the conduit 34 and through the passage 26. The relative diameters of the -plunger in barrel 35 and the piston in cylinder 36 is such that with an ordie and an air passage 40' connects them so that air from passage 30 may flow to theright end of cylinder -39 and the left end of lcylinder 40. A piston 4I is reciprocatory in cylinder 39 and a piston 42 is reciprocatory in cylinder 40, piston 4I being rigidly connected to a piston rod 43 which is slidable in opposite end walls of the cylinder indicated at 44'and 45, and in a central wall 46 separating the cylinder bores. Piston 42 is slidably mounted on the piston rod 43. At opposite ends of cylinder 39, cup washers 41 are provided formed that pressure within the cylinder tends vto contract their rim portions around the piston rod and hence to more positively seal the cylinder against the escape of fluid therein. Each piston is provided with exible cup washers 48 and 49 located opening 5I extending longitudinally of.

the piston rod and communicating with the atmosphere at the right end of the cylinder. Piston 42 similarly has one or more vents 50 communicating witha groove in the inner periphery of vthe piston, indicated at ,52 and this groove fn turn communicates with an axial slot 54 extending longitudinally of a sleeve portion 55 integralv with piston 42 and which is slidably mounted on piston rod 43 and slidably projects through cylinder wall 45. One of thecup washers 41 is also mounted fn the wall 45 around the sleeve 55. For allowing exhaust of fluid such as air that may escape through vents .50 and slot 54, an opening land it will be noted that these washers are so Y 55' may be provided in the rod 43 beyond the end cylinder wall 45, and this vent also prevents trap- Vping of fluid in the machine beyond this wall.

The rod 43 is threaded into a tubular member 55 and the latter in turn is threaded into a sleeve 51, the outer end of which, as best shown by Fig. 3, has three sockets 58, 59, and 69 which are of cylindrical character. Each of these sockets at its end shown in Fig. 3, is semi-cylindrical or.

slightly less than semi-cylindrical in form, but inwardly from the end of the sleeve, each socket in longitudinal cross section, diverges outwardly from the longitudial axis of the sleeve, and the form of the socket over a substantial linear portion thereof is greater than semi-cylindrical in form. 'I'he inner ends of the sockets which are greater than semi-cylindrical in form, are indicated in` broken lines at 6|, 52, and 63. Each Y socket receives a jaw 64 having an outer cylini' drical surface complementary to the surface of the socket and the longitudinal axis of which is directed parallel to the axis of the socket. The inner gripping surface of each jaw indicated at 55, while substantially cylindrical has grooves or teeth 55 and is directed in coinciding or parallel relation to the axis of the sleeve. It will, therefore, be evident that in a movement of the jaws toward the outer ends of the sockets, they move radially toward each other, although the gripping surfaces are maintained parallel to the axis of the sleeve. This construction insures uniform and full contact of the gripping surfaces -with a cylindrical rivet pin extending between the jaws, throughout the length of the gripping surfaces, regardless of movement of the jaws in their sockets.

vEach jaw, as best shown by Fig. 1, terminates at its inner end in a groove portion 61 which is interlocked with a tubular pin 58 slidably mount- ,ed in the tubular member 55. The pin 68 is longitudinally apertured as indicated at 59, and this aperture coincides with the aperture in the piston rod 43, from which it follows that from the jaws a continuous passage exists through the machine which is open to the exterior of the end wall 44 of the cylinder. For the purpose of normally urging the j aws toward the outerv end of the sleeve, and into gripping position, a l'helical spring 10 encircles a reduced portion 1| of the member 55 and abuts a shoulder 13 on the pin 58. A ring of rubber or the like 12 also is mounted on pin 88 adjacent shoulder 18 and is adapted to engage the end of member 55 when the jaws move inwardly as will be later described. For the purpose of facilitating removal of the Jaws from the parts associated therewith, the sleeve 51 at circumferentially spaced points is provided with eldngated openings 15 that are so located, that upon moving thejaws inwardly, they may be expanded suiilciently to disengage them ifrom the pin 58 when sleeve 55 is removed, although it will be understood that a movement of the jaws sumciently to eiect such disengagement normally can not occur whenI sleeve 55 is in place.

' Referring again to Fig. 1, at the leftside of the. end wall 45 on the cylinder, a tubular casting 85 is fastened and such casting on its inner peripheryhas a cylindrical recess of substantial length indicated at 88. The sleeve portion 55 connected to piston 42 is connected by threading to a member 81 movable in the recess 85 in casting 85. This member 81 as shown by Fig. 6 has three radial projections 88 spacedequally in a circumferential direction and each projection' terminates in an axially. disposed leg 89. The end wall 45 of the cylinder also is provided as shown by Fig. 6 with three axially directed legs 90, which are spaced eircumferentlally and between which the radially directed projections 88 and legs 88 on the member 81 are adapted to move longi- 5 tudinally of the piston rod. It will be noted, as shown by Fig. l, that the legs 95 on the end wall 45 of the cylinder projectsubstantially the same distance from the end wall as the legs 89 on member 81 when the latter is abutting such end 10 wall. It will be evident that if piston 42 ismoved to the left, the reciprocatory member 81 connected thereto may be moved longitudinally of the piston rod, with the three projections 88 and legs 89 thereon axially moving between the rel5 spective legs 90 on the end wall of the cylinder. Each of the legs 89 and 99, as best shown by Figs. 7 and 8, at one circumferentially disposed edge, has a hook 9| and at its other circumferentially disposed edge, a notch 92. It will be noted that the legs 98 on wall 45 substantially t between the radial projections 88 on member 81 so that the legs 95 substantially guide member 81 in any reciprocatory movement eil'ected by piston 42. Two sleeves or barrels 94 and 95, shown best by Figs. 1, 4, 5, and 8 particularly are slidably and rotatably mounted in the tubular member 85, and slidably mounted one within the other. 'Ihe inner sleeve 85 at its right end, as shown by Figs. l and 4, has three axial slots 96, equally spaced circumferentially, the axial portions or legs between slots being indicated at 91. The outer sleeve 94 has at its right end, three equally spaced, radially and inwardly directed projections 98, slidably disposed in the slots 98. Each of the legs 91 and the projections 98, as best shown by Fig. 7, has an axially projecting hook 99 adapted to cooperate with one of the hooks 9| on the legs 89 and 98 formed on the member 81 and cylinder wall 45, respectively. From Fig. 7, it is evident that the notches 92 on the latter legs permit entry of the hooks 99 between such legs, and that after such entry, the sleeves 94 and 95 may be turned slightly until the hooks interlockas shown in the ligure. It will be noted that the sleeves turn as a unltbecause of the disposition oi projections 98 on sleeve 94 in the slots 96 in sleeve 95. With the parts arranged as shown by Figs. `1 and '7, the legs 91 on sleeve 95 abut the ends of legs 90 on the cylinder wall 45 while the ends of projections 98 on sleeve 94 abut the ends of legs 89 on the member 81 connected to piston 42. Now should the piston move to the left, member 81 will move sleeve 94 to the left. while leaving sleeve 95 stationary and against legs 90. This arrangement may/be reversed by turning both sleeves slightly to free hooks 99 from hooks 9|, then pulling the sleeves away from legs 89 and 90 until the hooks 99 are slightly beyond the ends of the legs, then turning the sleeves 60 to position projections 88 in axial alignment with legs 95, then moving the sleeves axially and the hooks 99 into the new entry openings .therefor between legs 89 and 98, and then reversely turning the sleeves to engage the hooks. `-Now the hooks 99 on sleeve 99 Vengage hooks 9| on cylinder wall 45, and hooks .any onen: so spaced, axially elongated slots |o| 75 in the sleeve 94. When it is desired to reverse the sleeve positions by turning them through 60, it is only necessary to remove this screw, manipulate and turn the sleeves through 60 and then reinsert the screw into another of the openings.

The hooks are chiefly provided to insure return of either sleeve with a return movement of the piston 42. During setting of a rivet, abutting of the legs 89 and'90 with the ends of the sleeves respectively is mainly important, but after setting `of the rivet, that sleeve moved by the piston 42 should be returned with the piston.

The 'outer end of the inner sleeve 95 has an a central opening |08 through which the pin I6 of therivet may be inserted. This anvil terminates in a tubular portion |09 adapted to directly engage the head I3 on the tubular rivet member and to engage such head immediately adjacent to and around the pin. The outer tubular member 94 terminates adjacent the inner sleeve and a secondary anvil ||0 is threaded thereinto and this anvil has .a central opening III through which the tubular portion |09 on the anvil |01 projects for engagement with the head on the female rivet member. The opening terminates in a bevel ||2 which is adapted to slide over and contract head I3 on the tubular rivet member.

Now referring to the passage 26, it will be noted that it communicates directly, with the cylinder 39 at the left side of piston 4| so as to allow oil under pressure to flow directly from barrel 35 to this end of the cylinder. The passage also communicates Awith a bypass 5 leading to a valve chamber IIS.l Aligned with this chamber, a valve sleeve opening ||1 is provided in the casting for receiving a sleeve ||8, `held in the opening by a screw cap ||9 threaded into the casting. The sleeve I|8 at its upper end abuts a.v

sealing gasket |20 and adjacent thereto and the chamber ||6, has a pilot |2| and a seat |2I.

A valve |22 slidably mounted in the sleeve, terminates at its upper end in a reduced portion |23 providing an annular space |24 between the valve and sleeve immediately adjacent the seat |2I. 'Ihis reduced end has a tapered portion |25 for engaging the seat I2 Adjacent its lower end, the valve has a head |26y slidable in a larger portion of the sleeve and on the shoulder thus provided, a resilient cup ring\or Washer |21 is providedA to seal the head in the enlarged portion of the sleeve. Normally, when the valve is seated, the head |26 and washer |21 are slightly spaced from the shoulder on the sleeve,

as indicated at |28, at the junction of the enlarged portion of the latter, and this space is inA communication with Vthe annular space |24 around the valve adjacent the seat, by means of la passage |29 diametrically extending through the valve. Below the annular space |24, the sleeve has apertures as indicated at |30, and these apertures communicate with an annular groove |30 in the casting, in turn communicating witha passage |3| leading to cylinder 40 at the right side of piston 42. A sealing ring |32 around the sleeve below the aperture |30 and on the shoulder of such sleeve seals the outside ofthe sleeve at this point.

For normally holding the valve closed, a plunger |33 abuts the valve and is slidable through the end wall' of cap II 9 but is limited in its downward movement by a shoulder |33'. A spring |34 abutting a collar |35 on the plunger at its upper wall 46 between the-cylinder bores.,v This valve however prevents oil from owing in a reverse directionfrom cylinder 39 to cylinder 40.

'Ihe valve |22 is of such character that oil under pressure will ow into cylinder 39 and move piston 4| to the right, and build up to a considerable pressure before the valve will open. When the oil pressure acting on the upper end face of the valve within pilot |2I, is sufiicient to overcome pressure exerted by the pre-loaded spring |34, it will open, allowing oil to ow into space |24, passage |29, and into space |28. Due to the added area of the valve head |26 below space |28 and the shoulder ,area on the valve defining space |24, a pressure materially lower than that originally required to lift the valvev 0E seat |2|' will further overcome the pressure of spring |34 and cause the valve to open until shoulder |33 engages the end wall of cap ||9 around the opening therein for the plunger, in which position, the space |24 registers with groove |30 and openings |30. The action of the valve is such that oil pressure will act against the aforesaid areas additional to the end face of the valve, before the valve admits oil to build up a pressure in the space in cylinder 40 at the right; of piston 42. Normally a certain amount of motion of piston 42 may occur before anvil ||0 engages the headv I3, and the ilow of oil to cause this motion, against very little resistance, tends to create a drop in oil pressure in cylinder parts, and theoperation of the oil pressure supply means is such as to obtain' this drop in oil "pressure in cylinder 39.

In setting the rivet as shown by Fig. 1, the trigger 21 is pulled, thus causing oil to ow throughvthe `passage 26 into the cylinder 39 at.

the left side of piston 4|. This causes a, move` ment of the piston to the right, carrying with it the sleeve member 41 and as this sleeve moves it causes contraction of the jaws 64 around the pin ofthe rivet and after positive gripping of the' pin by the, jaws, av movement of the pin to the right. As this occurs, the reactionary forceto the pull is directed against the head I3 of the tubular rivet member through the anvil |01 and its tubular projection |09, it being apparent that the inner sleeve 95 carrying this anvil is then engaged by the projections on the end wall 39. Preferably the dimensions'of openings'and 45 of the cylinder so that the reactionary force the head is formed, continued and somewhatv increased tension on the pin, causes further tightening of the plates being riveted, to provide a tight rivet connection. When the pressure on the oil at the left of piston 4| reaches a prede.-

- der 4|) and begin to move piston 42 carrying the secondary anvil I I0. Some movement of the piston 42 and anvil I I0 will occur'before the anvil engages head I3 on the rivet and encounters sage 23 and cylinder 33. Valve |22 will normally remain open however because of the increased pressure area. provided as previously described. Reduction of the pressure on the oil in cylinder 33 will allow some relaxing of the tension on the rivet pin and accordingly alittle reversed movement of the pin through the tubular rivet member, due to the resilient return of the bulbed head 2|. The relaxing of tension on the pin is desirable during seating of the anvil I'I0 on head I3 ofthe rivet and particularly so in the event the head is slightly eccentric or the anvil does not at first concentrically t the head. As the anvil |I meets further resistance to its movement by engaging head I3, the pressure on the oil against both pistons increases, and as piston 4| increases the tension on the pin and pulls it to the right, again overcoming any resiliency of the head 2|, the anvil |I0 contracts the head I3 and causes metal to flow into the grooves I9 in the pin. Simultaneously, a certain amount of extrusion of metal in head I3 occurs and results in some elongation thereof in the direction the pin is being pulled. This simultaneous extrusion of head I3 and tensioning and movement of the pin, insures lling of the grooves I9. It seems that with certain proportioning ofthe diameter, length and taper of head I3, and the dimensions of opening III and bevel I|2 in anvil ||0, the extrusion process and filling of the grooves may add materially to the tension to which that part of the pin to the left of the part engaged by the metal flowed in from head I3, is subjected by piston 4|.

This lengthening of head I3, acting through anvil |01 and the Acylinder may cause such movement thereof relative to piston 4| so as to cause some of the oil to flow back into the system and intopassage 25.` Finally the tension on the pin is sufficient to break it at the break neck 20.

After the pin is broken, the trigger may be released but attention is directed to the fact that as the pin breaks the recoil on the jaws ordinarily is sufficient to cause them to loosen relative to the jaw receiving sleeve 51 and this recoil also may be sufficient to move the broken pin member backwardly through the jaws. In any event, upon insertion of an additional rivet pin between the jaws, the broken pin member of the rivet set previously, if it has not moved rearwardly through the jaws, will be moved rearwardly therethrough upon inserting the next rivet. Thus the broken pin parts may be progressively moved through the jaws and finally be ejected from the rear end wall 44 of the cyl- Inder. As the pin breaks, rearward movement of the jaws and pin 50 relative to the sockets is cushioned by spring and the rubber ring 12, the latter preventing metal engagement of the pin with member 50.

During the riveting operation, the air trapped in the cylinders by ball valve 3|, naturally is Y compressed to a much greater pressure and while accordingly is accelerated with an air pressure higher than line pressure in conduit 33.

It should be noted that the return movement of piston 42 to the right under air pressure, as above described, necessarily is accompanied by movement of anvil ||0 to the right with respect to anvil |01, inasmuch as anvil IIO is locked to the piston 42 by sleeve 94, sleeve projections 98, hooks 99 and 9|, members 89 and 81 and piston sleeve 55, whereas anvil |01 is prevented from. moving to the right by reason of the abutment of legs 91 on sleeve 85 with legs 90 formed on the cylinder wall 45.

As a result of this relative movement between anvils I|0 and |01 under the influence of relatively high air pressure at the left side of piston 42, the rivet heads I3 will be forcibly ejected from the swaging anvil ||0. This is of considerable advantage as the very high swaging pressure tends to jam anvil IIO over thel rivet head, rendering it diilicult to remove the anvil after the rivet setting operation is completed. It may be noted that ejection of the rivet head will not tend to loosen the rivet since anvil |01, which acts as an electing member during this period, engages the rivet head itself.

To prevent the operator from holding the trigger open after the riveting operation is completed, and thus to prevent the piston 4I from being forcefully thrown against the cylinder wall 44, a lever |44 is pivoted on the casting in the path of movement of the piston rod 43, and upon a certain movement of the rod, it engages this lever. The lever is connected to the trigger to throw it to its closed position, forcibly overcoming any manual pressure on the trigger.

Under certain circumstances it may be desired to use a rivet in which the tubular member has a countersunk head |50, as shown by Fig. 14', which is disposed in a correspondingly countersunk opening in the structure. In this case, it is impossible to contract the outer periphery of the head in the manner described with respect to the rivet shown by Fig. 12. In order to obtain substantially the same result however, the head may be provided with a cylindrical groove |5| around the pin and at the outer face of the head, and this groove may merge into a beveled surface |52. In assembling the rivet, a metal ring composed of metal similar to that of the tubular member, may be inserted as indicated at |53 into the cylindrical groove |52.

In setting a rivet of this character, as the pin is pulled, the reactionary force is applied directly to the head at a point radially and outwardly with respect to the ring |53 and after the head is formed as shown by Fig. 15, a secondary anvil is brought into operation which engages the ring |53. As this secondary anvil becomes effective, it forces the ring |53 against the tapered surface |52 and thus forces it into locking engagement with threads |54 on the pin. This occurs prior to breaking of the pin so that upon the latter occurring the recoil will be effectively neutralized by the interlocking engagement of the ring with the pin and its engagement with the tapered surface |52 on the tubular member.

In setting a rivet of this character, the machine is used, shown by Fig. l, except for a changing of arrangement and anvils. The anvils |01 and I I0, shown in Fig. 1, are removed, and in place thereof anvils |50 and 6| are provided, as shown by Fig. 9. The anvil I 5I has a plane portion |52 adapted to engage the coun- :mesmoA k. formed, the outside anvil comes into actionto contract the head. In the type of rivet last described, and shown by Fig. 14, it isnecessary that the outside anvil initially apply the reactionaryl force, and after the bulbed head is formed, that the inside anvil apply thesecondary and force required to upset the ring l|53. After the anvils are interchanged as mentioned,

.it is only necessary to remove the threaded screw which is used to lock the sleeves 94 and 95 against circumferential movement with respect to the member 85 and after thisA screw is removed, -the sleeves may be rotated'. If these sleeves are rotatedlill degrees, it is apparent that the projections 91 on the inner sleeve 95 `will now be brought into axial alignment with the .projections 89 on the member 81 and that the projections 98 that were aligned with the projections 89, will be brought into axial alignment withthe projections 90. When so positioned and the hooks 9| and 99 are interlocked, the set screwvma'y be inserted and projected into the to enter the cylinder 40 at the right side o fv piston 42. This causes a movement of the piston t2 to the left and -a .movement of the inner anvil |60. As the inner anvil moves, its tubular extension |63 forces the ring |53 along the tapered surface |52'in the head on the tubular member, thereby locking the head to the pih in the manner shown in Figs. 15. Increased tension on thepin caused by increased oil pressure,

tion by the inherent resiliency of such'head, it may be entirely satisfactory to not have this drop in oil pressure in cylinder 39. 'Ihe size of oil passages or the operation of the oil pressure supply means, or the character 'of the valve or such factors conjointly, may be such as to avoid any appreciable drop in oil pressure in cylinder 39 at such stage -of the riveting operation. It has been found that rivets may be satisfactorily set without such oil pressure drop in cylinder 39, or in other words, while maintaining the tension onuthe pin after the' head 2| is formed and the plates are drawn together. It seems however that a drop in oil pressure is desirable for reasons previously 'mentioned The machine illustrated is highly 'efficient for setting rivets of either type and may be used to set rivets very rapidly. It is apparent that movement of thetrigger controls all operations after sion.

the' rivet is inserted between the jaws, thereby simplifying manual operation of the machine.

The iiexible oil and air conduits facilitate move'- ment of the rivet setting apparatus relative tothe oil pressure supply means, and the apparatus is of such shape. and weightas to facilitate its manual manipulation.

Although only one form of the invention-has been illustrated and described in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various ,modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

1. A mechanism for setting a rivet comprising two members, which comprises means for pulling one member, means for applying the reactionary force to the other member,` and means for shifting the point of application of th'e reactionary force.

2. A mechanism for'setting a rivet comprising two members, which comprises means for pulling one member, means for applying the reactionary force to the other member, and means for shifting the point of application of the reactionary force while maintaininga pull on the iirst member.

3. A mechanism for setting a rivet comprising two members, which comprises means for pulling one member, means' for applying the reactionary force against the othermember, and means for shifting the point of application of the reactionary force on the second member upon a reduction in pulling force on the rst member.

4. A machine for, setting a rivet of a type 4comprising a tubular member, and a pin passing through the member and engaging one end there.- of which comprises means for pulling the pin to cause upsetting of the tubular member intermediate its ends, means for applying the reactionary force to the pull against the tubular member, and means for locking the pin and member after said upsettingoperation, at a point removed from said point of engagement. while the pin is under ten- 5. A machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a tubular member, and a pin passing through the member and engaging one end thereof, which comprises means for pulling the pin to cause upsetting of the tubular member intermediate its ends, means for applying the reactionary force to the pull against the tubular member, and means for locking the pin and member after -said upsetting operation, at a pointremoved from said point of engagement, while the tension on the pin is being increased.

6. A machine for settinga'rivet wherein the i' i rivet comprises a tubular member adapted to project through openings in and beyond a structure to be riveted, and a pin member engaging the projecting end o'f the tubular member andv passing through the latter and beyond its other end, comprising means for gripping and pulling the prorivet comprises a tubular member adapted tol project through openings in'and beyond a structure to be riveted, and a pin member engaging the projecting en d of the tubular member and passing through the latter and beyond its other end, comjecting end of the pin, means for applying the rel actionary force of the2 pull, against the end of the tubular memberadjacent the projecting end of prislng `means for gripping and pulling the projecting end of the pin, means i'or applying the reactionary force of the pull, against the end of the tubular member adjacent the projecting end of the pin', and means i'or radially upsetting a part of the tubular member into a recess in the pin member, adjacent the end of the tubular member last mentioned, after the pin has been moved through the tubular member sufficiently to form a head out of such member at the opposite side of thestructure.

8. A machine for setting a rivet wherein the rivet comprises a tubular member adapted to project through openings in and beyond a structure to be riveted, and a pin member engaging the projecting end of the tubular member and passing through the latter and beyond its other end, comprising means for gripping and pulling the projecting end of the pin member to form a head out of the body of thetubular member at the opposite side of the structure and then to break the pin intermediate its ends, means for applying the vreactionary force of the pull to the end of the tubular member at that side of the structure opposite the head thus formed, and means for locking the members adjacent the last mentioned end of the tubular member, between the head forming and pin breaking operations.

9. A machine for setting a rivet comprising a tubular member adapted to project through and beyond one side of a structure, and a pin engaging one end of the .tubular member and projecting through the latter and beyond its other end, which comprises means for gripping and pulling the projecting end of the pin, means for applying the reactionary force to the adjacentend of the tubular member, and means eiective after a predetermined pull on the pin suilcient to form a head from the projecting end of the tubular member, to lock the members substantially against relative movement upon release of the pull.

10. A machine for setting a rivet comprising a tubular member adapted to project through and beyond one side of a structure, and a pin engaging one end of the tubular member and projecting through the latter and beyond its other end, and having a breaking point intermediate its ends, which comprises means for gripping and pulling the projecting end of the pin, means for applying the reactionary force to the adjacent end of the tubular member, and means eiective after a prei determined pull on the pin sumcient to form a head from the vprojecting end of the tubular member, and prior to a pull sumcient to break the pin. to lock the members substantially against relative movement upon breaking of the pin.

11. A machine for setting a rivet wherein the latter comprises a tubular member having a'pin engaging one end thereof, passing through it and projecting beyond its other end, which comprises means f or gripping and pulling the projecting pin portion, means for applying the reactionary force to the adjacent end of the tubular member, and means eiectile after a predetermined pullon the pin, to modifyapplication of the reactionary force to lock the tubular member .to the pin.

12. A machine for setting a rivet wherein the latter comprises-a Vtubular member having a pin engaging one end thereof, passing through it and projecting beyond its other end, which comprises means for gripping and pulling the projecting pin portion, means for applying the reactionary force to the adjacent end of the tubular member. and means etiective after a predetermined pull on the pin, to change the point of application of the reactionary force on the tubular member.

13. A machine for setting a rivet comprising a tubular member adapted to project through a structure and beyond one side of it, and a pin engaging one end of the tubular member, and passing through it and beyond its other end, which comprises fluid pressure operated means for gripping and pulling the projecting pin, means for applying the reactionary force to the adjacent end of the tubular member, and means effective after a predetermined fluid pressure is employed in pulling the pin, -for changing the localization of the reactionary force on the tubular member.

14. A machine for setting a rivet comprising `a. tubular member adapted to project through a structure and beyond one side of it, and a pin engaging one end of the tubular member, and passing through it and beyond its other end, which comprises means for gripping andjpulling the pin, means for applying the reactionary force to the adjacent end of the tubular member, secondary means for applying a similar force to the end of the tubular member at a different point, and means for rendering the last means'effective after a predetermined pull on the pin.

15. A rivet setting machine for setting a rivet oi a type comprising a tubular member and a pin extending therethrough, which comprises means for .gripping and pulling the pin, and separate means for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member at different points.

16. A rivet setting 4machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a. tubular member and a pin extending therethrough, whichcomprises means for gripping and pulling the pin, and separate anvils for engaging and applying the reactionary force to the end of the tubular member, one of the anvils being adapted to engage the end face of the tubular member and the other anvil being adapted to engage the peripheral surface of the tubular member.,

17. A rivet setting machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a tubular member and a pin extending therethrough, which comprises means for gripping and pulling the pin, separate means for applying the reactionary force to the tubular member at different points, and means for effecting operation of said last mentioned means in sequential order.

18. A rivet setting machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a tubular member and a pin extending therethrough, which comprises means for gripping and pulling the pin, separate anvils for applying the reactionary force to the end of the tubular member, one of the anvils being adapted to engage the end face of the tubular member and the other anvil being adapted to engage the peripheral surface of the tubular member, and means for effecting operation of said anvils in sequential order.

19. A rivet setting machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a tubular member and a pin extending therethrough, which comprises means for gripping and pulling the pin, separate anvils for applying the reactionary force to the end of the tubular member, one of the anvils being adapted to engage the end face of the tubular. member and the other being adapted to engage the peripheral surface of the tubular member,

. and means for effecting operation of said anvils in a sequential order depending upon tension applied to the pin. l

20. A rivet settingmachine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a tubular member havingI a head at one end and a pin projecting therethrough for engaging the other end of the tubular member, which comprises means for pulling that end of the pin adjacent said head on the tubular member, means for applying the reactionary force of the pull axially against the head, and means for eiecting radial contraction of the head after a predetermined movement of the pin.

21. A riv'et setting machine for setting a rivet of a type including a tubular member and a pin l extending therethrough, which comprises means for gripping and pulling the pin, means for applying the reactionary force axially against the end of the tubular member, separate means for applying the reactionary force to a diierent portion of the tubular member after a predetermined movement of the pin, and means enabling a reversed time operation of the two last mentioned means.

22. A rivet setting machine for setting a rivet of a type including a tubularmember and a pin extending therethrough, which comprises liuid actuated means for gripping and pulling the pin, means for applying the reactionary force of such pull to the end of the tubular member at one point, and iiuid actuated means for changing the localization of application of said reactionary force after a predetermined movement of the pin.

23. A machine for setting rivets of a type including a tubular member and a pin extending therethrough, which comprises fluid actuated means for gripping and pulling the pin, means for applying the reactionary force of such pull to the end of the tubular member at one point, and fluid actuated means for upsetting the metal in a portion of the tubular member after a predeterl mined movement of the pin.

24. A machine for setting rivets of a type ncluding a tubular member and a pin extending therethrough, which comprises fluidactuated means for gripping and pulling the pin, means for applyingthe reactionary force of such pull to the end of the tubular member, and fluid actuated means for radially contracting a portion of the tubular member after a predetermined movement of the pin.

25. A machine for setting a rivet of a type including a tubular member and a pin extending therethrough, which comprises iiuid actuated means for gripping and pulling the pin, means for applying the reactionary force of such pull to the endof the tubular member, uid actuated means for applying force to another portion of the tubular member,- and means rendering the last mentioned uid actuatedvmeans operative upon obtaining a predetermined iluid pressure during actuation of the rst iiuid actuated means.

26. A rivet setting machine for setting a rivet of a type including a tubular member having a pin extending therethrough, comprising fluid actuated means for gripping and pulling the-pin, means for applying the reactionary force of the pull to an end portion of the tubular member, fluid actuated means for applying force to another portion of the tubular member after obtaining a predetermined fluid pressure in connection with the actuation of the first lluid actuated means, and a Vvalve for effecting actuation of the second fluid actuated means upon obtaining said predetermined uid pressure in connection with the rst fluid actuated means.

27. A rivet setting machine for setting a rivet of a type including a tubular member having a pin extending therethrough, comprising iluid actuated means for gripping and pulling the pin,

means for applying the reactionary force of the pull to an end portion of the tubular member, fluid actuated means for applying force to another portion of the tubular member after obtaining a predetermined fluid pressure in connection with the actuation of the iirst iiuid actuated means, a valve for effecting actuation of the second uid actuated means upon obtaining said predetermined iiuid pressure in connection with the frst-fluid actuated means, and means for maintaining said valve operable t-o cause actuation of the second fluid actuated means even though the iluid pressure subsequently .decreases with respect to said predetermined pressure.

28. A machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a tubular member an-d a pin extending therethrough and wherein the pin is adapted to be broken after setting of the rivet, which comprises a casing, separate lluid actuated means movable in the casing, one of which isr adapted to grip and pull the pin and finally break it, and the other of whichis adapted to apply reactionary force to the pull against the tubular member, and means for controlling the operation of said fluid actuated means.

29. A machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a tubular member and a pin extending therethrough, uid actuated means for gripping and pulling vthe pin and including a piston and a piston rod, and a second fluid actuated means for applying reactionary force of the pull to a portion of the tubular member, said second fluid actuated means including a piston slidably mounted on said piston rod.

30. A machine for setting a rivet of a type including a tubular member and a pin extending therethrough wherein the pin is adapted to be broken after setting of the rivet, which comprises fluid actuated meansfor gripping and pulling the pin, means for applying the reactionary force to an end portion of the tubular member, uid actuated means for changing the localization of application of said reactionary force after obtaining a predetermined movement of the pin and before breaking thereof, and means for rendering said iiuid actuated means ineffective following breaking of the pin and after a predetermined movement thereof.

31. A machine for setting a rivet of a type including a tubular member and a pin extending therethrough, fluid pressure actuated means for gripping and pulling the pin, means for applying the reactionary force to an end portion of the tubular member, fluid actuated means for applying an upsetting force to another portion of the tu.- bular member, a source of supply of fluid under pressure, and fluid pressure control means for automatically effecting operation of the fluid actuated means in sequence.

32. A machine for setting rivets or the like wherein an element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied against another element, which comprises a casing, a pair of. fluid pressure responsive means movably carried by said casing for pulling the element and applying the reactionary force respectively, and means for introducing uid pressure to the fluid pressure responsive means.

33. A machine for setting rivets or the like wherein an element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied against another element, which comprises a casing, a pair of fluid pressure responsive means movably carried by said casing for pulling the element and applying the reactionary force respectively, and means for introducing fluid pressure to the iluid pressure responsive means and equalizing the pressure on both responsive means so that one is balanced against the other.

34. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied against another element, which comprises power operated means for pulling the first element, means for applying the reactionary force to the other element, manual control means for governing operation of the power means, and means governed by movement of the power means for interrupting operation of the control means.

35. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element 4is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to another element, comprising means for pulling the nrst element, dual means for applying the reactionary force to the other element, and means rendering said dual means selectively operable.

36. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to another element, comprising means for pulling the rst element, dual means for applying the reactionary force to the other element, and means rendering said dual means selectively operable without changing their relative positions.

37. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to another element, comprising means for pulling the first element, a pair of anvils one Within the other for applying the reactionary force to the other element, and means rendering said anvils selectively operable.

38. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to another element, comprising means for pulling the first element, a pair of anvils one within the other for applying the reactionary force to the other element, and means rendering said anvils selectively operable without changing their relative positions.

39. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to another element, comprising means for pulling the rst element, inner and outer sleeves having anvils for applying the reactionary force to the other element, and means for rendering said anvils selectively operable by turning the sleeves. l

40. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to another element, comprising means for pulling the first element, inner and outer sleeves having anvils for applying the reactionary force to the other element, means retaining said sleeves against relative turning movement but permitting relative sliding movement thereof, and means rendering said anvils selectively operable by turning the sleeves as a unit.

41. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to another element, comprising uid actuated means for pulling the rst element, dual means for applying the reactionary'force to the other element, fluid actuated means for operating the dual means, and means rendering the fluid actuated means operable for actuating the dual means selectively.

42. A machine for setting rivets or the like wherein one element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to another element, comprising a casing having dual compartments, uid pressure responsive means in each compartment, a source of fluid under pressure, means for introducing uid under pressure into one compartment, control means for introducing uid under pressure into the other compartment when the fluid pressure in the first compartment reaches a predetermined amount, and means for allowing iluidlto ow from the second compartment into the first when the pressure in the former is greater than in the latter.

43. A machine for setting rivets or the like wherein one element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to another element, comprising a casing having dual compartments, fluid pressure responsive means in each compartment, a source of fluid under pressure, means for introducing iluid under pressure into one compartment, control means for introducing fluid under pressure into the other compartment when the iiuid pressure in the first compartment reaches a predetermined amount, andmeans for allowing fluid to now from the second compartment into the first when the pressure in the former is greater than inthe latter, said last mentioned means being operable independently of the control means.

44. A machine for setting rivets or the like which comprises a casing, uid pressure responsive means in the casing, a liquid iiuid pressure line connected to the casing at one side of the fluid pressure responsive means, a gaseous fluid pressure line connected to the casing at the other side of the fluid pressure responsive means, means operable by reduction of the pressure in the gaseous fluid line for introducing liquid fluid into the casing at a pressure sulicient to move the pressure responsive means against the gaseous pressure at the other side of the responsive means, and means for substantially preventing exhaust of the gaseous fluid at said other side of the responsive means even though the pressure in the gaseous fluid line is reduced.

45. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to another element, comprising a casing having different compartments, fluid pressure responsive means in each compartment, a uid pressure source adapted to be connected to the compartments, means connected to one fluid pressure responsive means for pulling the first element, a pair of anvils for applying the reactionary force to the other element, means operatively connecting one anvil to the casing so as to initially apply the reactionary force through the casing and said anvil, means operatively connecting the other anvil to the other fluid pressure responsive means, and means operative upon supplying a predetermined fluid pressure to the rst responsive means for introducing fluid under pressure to the second responsive means so as to cause the second anvii to become operative for applying the reactionary force.

46. A rivet setting machine comprising a casing, means in the casing for pulling a rivet element or the like, a pair of anvils for applying the reactionary force of the pull against another element, and means operatively connecting the anvils selectively to the casing so that either anvil may apply the reactionary force.

47. A rivet setting machine comprising a casing, means in the casing for pulling a rivet element or the like, a pair of anvils for applying the reactionary force of the pull against another element, and means operatively connecting the anvils selectively to the casing so that either anvil may apply the reactionary force, said means comprising inner and outer sleeves having projections, and projections on the casing adapted 75 selectively to engage the projection on one sleeve or the projection on the other sleeve.

48. A rivet setting lmachine comprising a casing, means in the casing for pulling a rivet element or the like, a pair of anvils for applying the reactionary force of the pull against another element,and means operatively connecting the anvils selectively to the casing so that either anvil may apply the reactionary force, said means comprising inner and outer sleeves slidable one on the other, a radial projection on one sleeve slidably arranged in an axial slot in the other sleeve, and means on the casing adapted to selectively engage said projection on the one sleeve or the end of the other sleeve.

49. A machine for setting a rivet wherein one element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to another comprising a casing, means in the casing for pulling the first element, inner and outer sleeve members slidably mounted one on the other for applying the reactionary force, one or more axial projections on one sleeve, one. or more axial Aprojections on the other sleeve slidable between said projections on the rst sleeve, one or more projections on the casing for selectively engaging said projections on the rst sleeve or the projections on the second sleeve, and releasable means for holding the sleeves against turning but permitting turning adjustment thereof so that the projections on the casing may optionall'yrbe engaged either with the projections on the second sleeve or projections onthe nrst sleeve.

50. A machine for setting'a rivet wherein one element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to another comprising a casing, means in the casing for pulling the rst element, inner and outer sleeve members slidably mounted one on the other for applying the reactionary force, one or more axial projections on one sleeve, one or more axial projections on the other sleeve slidable between said projections on the rst sleeve, one or more projections on the casing for selectively engaging said projections on the first sleeve or the projections on the second sleeve and means in the casing adapted to cooperate with the projections on the sleeve not engageable with the projections on the casing, for applying the reactionary force through said sleeve.

51. A machine for setting a rivet wherein one element is pulled and the reactionary torce is applied to another comprising a casing, means in the casing for pulling the first element, inner and outer sleeve vmembers slidably mounted one on the other for applying the reactionary force, one or more axial projections on one sleeve, one or more axial projections on the other sleeve slidable between said projections on the first sleeve, one or more projections on the casing for selectively engaging said projections on the first sleeve or the projections on the second sleeve and means for eiecting application of the reactionary force first through the casing to the sleeve in engagement with the projections on'fthe casing, and then through the other sleeve.

52. A machine for setting 'a rivet wherein one element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to another comprising a. casing, means in the casing for pulling the rst element, inner and outer sleeve members slidably mounted one on the other for applying the reactionary force, one or more axial projections on one sleeve, one or more axial projections on the other sleeve slidable between said projections on the first sleeve, one or more projections on the casing for wherein one -element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to the other element comprising a casing, fluid pressure responsive means in the y casing for pulling the rst element, and a separate fluid pressure responsive means movable relative to the casing for applying the reactionary force to the other element.

54. A fluid pressure operated rivet setting mechanism comprising a casing having alinged but separated cylinders, pistons in the cylinders, a rod slidable in both cylinders and being slidable through one piston and connected to the other, and separate rivet engaging elements operatively connected respectively to said rod and said one piston.

55. Ariveting machine comprising a jaw holder having convergingly related sockets for slidably receiving a plurality of circumferentially arranged jaws, jaws slidably engaging in the sockets, means for urging the jaws toward the converging ends of the sockets, and means at the outermost ends of the jaws for locking them substantially against relative axial movement.

56. A riveting machine comprising a jaw holder having convergingly related sockets for slidably receiving a plurality of circumferentially arranged jaws, jawsslidably engaging in the sockets, means for urging the jaws toward the converging ends of the sockets, and means at the outermost ends oi the jaws for locking them substantially against relative axial movement, said last; mentioned means comprising recesses in the inner surfaces of the jaws and holding means disposed in the recesses.

57. A riveting machine comprising a jaw holdl I er having convergingly related sockets for slidably receiving a plurality of circumferentially arranged jaws, jaws slidably engaging in the sockets, means for urging the jaws toward the converging ends of the sockets, and means at the diverging ends of the jaws for locking them substantially against relative axial movement, said last mentioned means comprising a tubular element projecting between the diverging ends of the jaws. and radially interengaging projections on the jaws and tubular member.

58. A machine for Setting rivets or the like, comprising an outer jaw contracting member having inner converging jaw surfaces, a reciprocatory member connected to said member for moving it, separate jaws between said surfaceshaving outer surfaces engaging the surfaces on the member, and means slidably mounted on the reciprocatoiy member and having axially interlocking engagement with the jaws while permitting the jaws to contract or expand radially.

- 59.` A machine for setting rivets or the like, comprising an outer jaw contracting member having inner converging jaw surfaces, a reciprocatory member connected to said member for moving it, separate jaws between said surfaces having outer surfaces engaging the surfaces on the member, and means slidably mounted on the reciprocatory member and having axiallyinterlocking engagement with the jaws while permitting the jaws to contract or expand radially, said means comprising a tubular element.

60. A machine for relatively moving a pair of members, one projecting from the other, comprising means for gripping and pulling the projecting member, means for applying the reactionary force to the other member, and means eiective after predetermined movement of the projecting member for causing the second means to apply radially contractile forces to the other member.

61. A machine for relatively moving a pair of members, one projecting from the other, comprising means for gripping and pulling the projecting member, means for applying the reactionary force tothe other member, and means effective after predetermined tension on the projecting member for causing the second means to apply radially contractile forces to the other member.

62. A machine for setting a. rivet or the like wherein the rivet comprises .a tubular member having a head on one end and a pin passing through the tubular member and adapted to engage the opposite end of the tubular member and to project from said head, which comprises means for gripping and pulling the projecting end of the pin, means for applying the reactionary force to the head on the tubular member, and means for causing the last mentioned means to eilect movehaving a head on one end and a pin passing through the tubular member and adapted to engage the opposite end of the tubular member and to project from said head, which comprises means for gripping and pulling the projecting end of the pin, means for applying the reactionary force to the head on the tubular member, and means for causing the last mentioned means to effect movement of metal in the head radially towards the pin after a predetermined tension on the pin has been obtained.

64. A machine for setting a rivet or the like wherein the rivet comprises a tubular member having a head on one end and a pin passing through the tubular member and adapted to engage the opposite end of the tubular member and to project from said head, which comprises means for gripping and pulling the projecting end of the pin, means for applying the reactionary force to the head on the tubular member including an anvil having a tapered wall socket adapted to move over the head and contract portions of the head toward the pin, and means for eiecting such movement of anvil after a predetermined movement of the pin.

65. A machine for setting a rivet or the like wherein the rivet comprises a tubular member having a head on one end and a pin passing through the tubular member and adapted to engage the opposite end of the tubular member and to project from said head, which comprises means for gripping and pulling the projecting end of the pin, means for applying the reactionary force to the head on the tubular member including an anvil having a tapered wall socket adapted to move over' the head and contract portions of the head toward the pin, and means for effecting such movement of anvil after a predetermined tension on the pin has occurred.

66. In combination, a valve chamber having an intake port and an exhaust port, an integral valve member adapted to maintain both of said ports closed at the same time, spring means for urging said member into port closing position, said member being adapted to open saide'xhaust port in response to a predetermined pressure Within said valve chamber, and to open said intake port in response to an external pressure which exceeds by predetermined amount that required to effectopening of the exhaust port.

67. A machine for setting rivets of the type wherein one rivet element is pulled and the reaction force is applied to the other element, including means for gripping and pulling said one element, means for applying the reaction force to and swaging the other element to the iirst element, and means for ejecting the rivet elements from the second named means upon completion of the swaging operation.

68. A machine for setting rivets wherein one rivet element is pulled and the reaction force is applied to the other element to effect the setting operation including, means to grip the first element, aN swaging anvil adapted to engage the other element and swage the rivet elements together, thrust means adapted to engage the other element independently of said swaging anvil, means to exert a pulling force on said gripping means and a react-ion force on said swaging anvil to effect the swaging operation, and means operable when said swaging operation is completed for exerting pulling force on said anvil and a reaction force on said thrust means Ito withdraw said swaging anvil from said other element.

69. A machine for setting a rivet wherein a rivet element is pulled, and the reactionary force is applied to another element, including means to grip the rst element, a thrust member adapted to engage and transmit the reaction force to the other element, an anvil adapted to engage the other element independently of said thrust member and transmit the reaction force to the other element for the purpose of deforming the same, uid pressure means for applying a pulling and reaction force to said gripping means and thrust member respectively to move said members relatively and perform one of the rivet setting operations, means operable automatically upon completion of said movement to shift the reactive force from the thrust member to the anvil whereby .said anvil, under the influence of said reactive force, will perform a second rivet setting operation, and fluid pressure means operable upon completion of the rivet setting operation for exerting a pulling force on said anvil and a reactive force on said thrust member whereby said thrust member will eject the other rivet member from said anvil'.

70. A machine for setting rivets wherein a rivet is set by applying a pulling force to one element i thereof and a reaction force to another element thereof, comprising a cylinder, a piston and piston rod in said cylinder, means to grip the rst rivet element operatively connected to said rod, a sleeve on said rod carrying a second piston in said cylinder, an anvil operatively connected to said sleeve and adapted to engage the other rivet element and swage the elements together, a thrust member xedly connected to the cylinder and adapted to engagel the other rivet element independently of said anvil, means to apply fluid pressure between said pistons to effect the swaging operation, and means to provide a pressure between said second piston and the adjacent cylinder wall in excess of that between the pistons for ejecting the other element from the anvil.

71. A machine for setting rivets wherein one aosavio element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to another element, comprising dual means for applying the reactionary force to the other element, means for successively operating` said dual means, and means permitting change of theorder of succession o! operation of said dual means by said last named means.

'12. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and the reactionary force is applied to another element, comprising means for pulling the iirst element, a pair of anvils, one within' the other, for applying reactionary force to the other element, means for successively operating said anvils, and means permitting change of the order of succession of operation of said anvils by said last named means.

Y '13. In combination, a cylindrical valve chamber having an intake port at one end and a lateral exhaust port, a cylindrical valve fitting in said cylinder and adapted to control said exhaust port, a projection of reduced diameter on said valve extending in the direction of the axis thereof and adapted to control said intake port, said valve and projection being so arranged that both ports may be maintained closed at the same time, and resilient means urging said valve into port closing position.

74. A mechanism for setting a rivet comprising two members which include means for pulling onex member, means for applying the reacl tionary force against the other member, and means for shifting the point of application of the reactionary force on the second member upon an increase in the pulling force on the rst member.

75. A machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a tubular member and aypin passing through the member and having an axial abutment against one portion thereof, including means for pulling the pin to deform one portion of the tubular member, and means for applying a reactionary force to said tubular member, said last named means being eii'ective to lock the tubular member and pin together upon. completion of the deformation oi the tubular member.

76. A machine for setting a rivet of a type comprising a tubular member and a pin passing through the member and engaging one end thereof, including, means ior pulling the pin to cause the pin to collapse and bulge outwardly the tubular member to iorm a head thereon, and

means for applying the reactionary force to said tubular member, said last named meansV being eective to move the metal of the tubular member radially inwardly toward the pin when the aforesaid head is formed on the tubular member.

'17. A machine for setting a rivet of the type comprising inner and outer cooperating members, including, means for gripping and exerting a pulling action on the inner rivet member, and means for transmitting the reactive force to the outer member adapted to cause an inward flow of the material ci the outer member into engagement with the inner member. y 78. A machine for setting rivets of the type comprising a tubular member and a pin extending therethrough, which comprises mechanism for gripping and pulling the pin, a pair of anvils for applying a reactionary force to the tubular member, one of said anvils being adapted to swage the tubular member on to the pin, and. means for eiectingoperation of said. anvils in. sequential order during pulling of the pin' with said one anvil being operated after the other.

79. A machine for setting rivets wherein one element is pulled and a reactionary force is applied to another element, comprising a casing, a pair of fluid pressure responsive means carried by said casing, means connected to one fluid pressure means fr pulling the iirst element, a pair of anvils for applying reactionary forces to the other element, meansoperatively connecting one anvil to the casing so as to initially apply a reactionary force through the casing and said anvil, means operatively connecting the other anvil to the other fluid pressure responsive means, and means operative'uponrsupplying a predetermined pressure to the first responsive means for introducing uid undery pressure to the second responsive means so as to causevthe second anvil to become operative for applying a reactionary force.

V,LOUIS C. HUCK.

GEORGE T. CHAPMAN. WILL E. MORRIS. RALPH A. MILLER.

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