US2050128A - Thermometric method of locating the top of the cement behind a well casing - Google Patents
Thermometric method of locating the top of the cement behind a well casing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2050128A US2050128A US727358A US72735834A US2050128A US 2050128 A US2050128 A US 2050128A US 727358 A US727358 A US 727358A US 72735834 A US72735834 A US 72735834A US 2050128 A US2050128 A US 2050128A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cement
- hole
- temperature
- locating
- casing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 20
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V9/00—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00
- G01V9/005—Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00 by thermal methods, e.g. after generation of heat by chemical reactions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
- E21B47/07—Temperature
Definitions
- the temperature measurements will be effected as soon as possible after carrying out the cementing job. Nevertheless the heat generated by the setting of the cement generally persists for several days as a consequence. of the time necessary for the operation to be completed and also because the exchanges of heat are slow. Therefore a thermometric diagram may be taken several days after the completion of the cementing job and still exhibit a very marked irregularity at a point corresponding to the upper level 5 of the cemented zone.
- the method according to the invention may be used to reveal any irregularities in the cementing job, such as zones of excessive thickness or of insufficient thickness of cement, or irregularities in the process of hardening.
- any irregularities in the cementing job such as zones of excessive thickness or of insufficient thickness of cement, or irregularities in the process of hardening.
- thermometric measurement In order to register the temperature diagram different methods of thermometric measurement may be employed.
- a particularly practical method would be the use of 20 an electrical resistance thermometer.
- a thermometric coil connected to the lower end of a cable of which the upper part is wound on a winch located at the surface of the ground.
- the electrical connections of this thermometric coil to the insulated conductors comprising the cable are so arranged that one can measure its electrical resistance from the ground level. Since this resistance depends upon the temperature it is then possible, after previous calibration of the apparatus, to determine the value of the temperature in the hole at the depth at which the coil is located.
- the presence of the water, which fills the hole facilitates the making of the temperature measurements of the thermometric coil.
- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic section of a bore hole which has just been cemented and filled with water, and into which an electrical device has been lowered for thermometric measurements, and
- Figure 2 shows the corresponding temperature diagram
- l represents the metallic casing lowered into the borehole to the level of the impervious stratum 2 nearest to the 011 hearing stratum 3 which is to be exploited.
- the cementing fluid 4 is pumped under pressure so as to fill up the annular space 5 remaining between the casing l and the wall of the hole and to seal of! the water bearing porous strata such as 6.
- thermometric coil 8 in order to determine the height which the top I of the cementing has reached, continuous thermometric measurements are taken in the water over the whole depth of the hole by means, for example, of a thermometric coil 8.
- the latter is connected to an insulated cable 9 which runs off a winch H];- the variations of the resistance of the coil 8 corresponding to the variations of temperature within the hole are recorded by a suitable apparatus i.
- the diagram of temperature obtained is shown in Figure 2 and exhibits at the depth of the top I of the cementing zone a discontinuity i2 separating curve l3 of the warmer cemented region and curve 14 of the cooler uncemented region.
- the diagram also exhibits another irregularity IE5 at a place corresponding to an excess of thickness N5 of cementing material, which makes itself evident by a. local temperature anomaly.
- the method of determining the upper level reached by the cementing fluid behind said casing which method consists in making temperature measurements at various depths within said hole during the heat-emission period of the cement and tracing a continuous diagram of temperature in terms of depth, thereby locating the abrupt change of temperature occurring at said level.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
Description
Aug. 4, '1936. V c. SCHLUMBERGER 2,050,128
THERMOMETRIC METHOD OF LOCATING THE TOP OF'THE C NT BEHIND A WELL CASING ed May 24, 1934 v Patented Aug. 4, 1936 UNITED ST-AT'E THERMOMETRIC METHOD OF LOCATING THE TOP OF THE CEMENT BEHIND A WELL CASING Conrad Schlumberger, Paris, France, assignor', by mesne assignments, to Schlumbcrger Well Surveying Corporation, Houston, Tex., a corporation of Delaware Application May 24, 1934, Serial No. 727,358 In France March 30, 1934 (Cl. 166-21) V J 12 Claims.
the bottom of the hole in the annular space between the casing and the formation and, filling up this space, cements the lining to the surrounding beds. The quantity of cement injected is so calculated that the cement will rise up to the desired level and in particular will seal off the upper water-bearing strata. The block of cement remaining in the bottom of the bore hole is then drilled for bringing the oil-bearing bed into production.
Now, up to the present no means has been available for determining with any accuracy the level to which the cement has actually risen.
It has been found in accordance with the present invention that it is possible to determine this level by carrying out during the setting period of'the cement or immediately afterwards temperature measurements over the whole depth of the hole. It is known in fact that the setting of cement is accompanied by a liberation of heat, the intensity of which depends on the time which has elapsed since the mixing of the cement, on the nature of the latter, on the temperature of the surrounding medium, on the pressure, on the excess of water, and so on. It has been found that at the height of the upper level reached by the cementing fluid there is a very definite and substantial change in temperature which may be as much as from 1 to 10 C., the lower cemented part being at a higher temperature than the part above the cement. Consequently, if a continuous diagram of temperature 45 in terms of depth is made there would appear on this diagram a disturbance corresponding to the change in question, opposite to which one can read the depth at which the top of the cemented zone is located.
Preferably the temperature measurements will be effected as soon as possible after carrying out the cementing job. Nevertheless the heat generated by the setting of the cement generally persists for several days as a consequence. of the time necessary for the operation to be completed and also because the exchanges of heat are slow. Therefore a thermometric diagram may be taken several days after the completion of the cementing job and still exhibit a very marked irregularity at a point corresponding to the upper level 5 of the cemented zone.
As a further feature the method according to the invention may be used to reveal any irregularities in the cementing job, such as zones of excessive thickness or of insufficient thickness of cement, or irregularities in the process of hardening. In the former case there are local excesses of heating shown by a higher temperature than in the neighbouring zones; in the latter case there will be observed, on the contrary, a lower temperature.
In order to register the temperature diagram different methods of thermometric measurement may be employed. By way of example a particularly practical method would be the use of 20 an electrical resistance thermometer. Into the bore hole filled with water there is lowered a thermometric coil connected to the lower end of a cable of which the upper part is wound on a winch located at the surface of the ground. The electrical connections of this thermometric coil to the insulated conductors comprising the cable are so arranged that one can measure its electrical resistance from the ground level. Since this resistance depends upon the temperature it is then possible, after previous calibration of the apparatus, to determine the value of the temperature in the hole at the depth at which the coil is located. The presence of the water, which fills the hole, facilitates the making of the temperature measurements of the thermometric coil. It is advantageous to carry out these measurements in a continuous manner with an automatic apparatus as the arrangement is lowered in the hole. There is thus obtained a continuous record of the temperature down the bore hole in the form of a diagram on which the discontinuity corresponding to the top of the cementing will be indicated.
The accompanying drawing serves to illustrate the invention by means of an example, and therein:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic section of a bore hole which has just been cemented and filled with water, and into which an electrical device has been lowered for thermometric measurements, and
Figure 2 shows the corresponding temperature diagram.
In the first figure, l represents the metallic casing lowered into the borehole to the level of the impervious stratum 2 nearest to the 011 hearing stratum 3 which is to be exploited. The cementing fluid 4 is pumped under pressure so as to fill up the annular space 5 remaining between the casing l and the wall of the hole and to seal of! the water bearing porous strata such as 6. After the cement mass 4 at the bottom of the hole has hardened it is drilled, as indicated by broken lines, for the purpose of bringing the oil bearing stratum into production.
In accordance with the invention, in order to determine the height which the top I of the cementing has reached, continuous thermometric measurements are taken in the water over the whole depth of the hole by means, for example, of a thermometric coil 8. The latter is connected to an insulated cable 9 which runs off a winch H];- the variations of the resistance of the coil 8 corresponding to the variations of temperature within the hole are recorded by a suitable apparatus i.
The diagram of temperature obtained is shown in Figure 2 and exhibits at the depth of the top I of the cementing zone a discontinuity i2 separating curve l3 of the warmer cemented region and curve 14 of the cooler uncemented region. In the example shown the diagram also exhibits another irregularity IE5 at a place corresponding to an excess of thickness N5 of cementing material, which makes itself evident by a. local temperature anomaly.
What I claim is:
1. In the process of lining a drill hole with cement, the steps of forcing a mass of fluid cement upwardly and in contact with the surface of said hole and making temperature measurements at different depths within the cement-lined portion of said hole during the heat-emission period of the cement.
2. In the process of lining a drill hole with cement-the steps of introducing into said hole a tubular casing such as to form an annular space between it and the surface of said hole, forcing cement into said space, and making temperature measurements within said casing during the heatemission period of the cement.
3. In the process of lining a drill hole with cement, the steps of introducing into said hole a tubular casing such as to form an annular space between it and the surface of said hole, forcing fluid cement upwardly into said space and making temperature measurements within said casing during the heat-emission period of the cement from which can be deduced data such as the location of the upper level of the cement.
4. In the process of lining a drill hole with cement, the steps of forcing a mass of fluid cement upwardly and in contact with the surface of said hole, filling said hole with water and making temperature measurements at various depths within the cement-lined portion of said hole during the heat-emission period of the cement.
5. In the process of lining a drill hole with cement, the steps of introducing into said hole a tubular casing such as to form an annular space between it and the surface of said hole, forcing cement into said space, filling said hole with water and making temperature measurements within said casing during the heat-emission period of the cement.
6. In the process of lining a drill hole with cement, the steps of forcing a mass of fluid cement-upwardly and in contact with the surface of said hole, making temperature measurements at various depths within the cement-lined portion 5 of said hole during the heat-emission period of the cemeht, and tracing a continuous diagram of temperature in terms of depths, thereby determining conditions of the encased cement such as the upper level thereof, or irregularities in thickness, or irregularities in the process of hardening.
7. In the operation of applying a cement lining to a drill hole and within a metalic casing, the method of determining the upper level reached by the cementing fluid behind said casing, which 15 method consists in making temperature measurements at various depths within said hole during the heat-emission period of the cement, thereby locating the abrupt change of temperature occur ring at said level.
8. In the operation of applying a cement lining to a drill hole and within a metallic casing, the method of determining the upper level reached by the cementing fluid behind said casing, which method consists in making temperature measurements at various depths within said hole during the heat-emission period of the cement and tracing a continuous diagram of temperature in terms of depth, thereby locating the abrupt change of temperature occurring at said level.
9. In the process of forming a cement structure by the pouring of fluid cement in a place underground and inaccessible to direct observation, the step of making a series of temperature measurements at points adjacent to the surface of 35 the mass of cement during the heat-emission period thereof.
10. In the process of forming a cement structure by the pouring of fluid cement in a place underground and inaccessible to direct observation, the steps of making a series of temperature measurements at points adjacent to the surface of the mass of cement but out of contact therewith during the heat-emission period thereof and tracing thereby a continuous diagram of temperature in terms of distance.
11. In the operation of pouring fluid cement into an open hole, the steps of forcing said cement against the wall of said hole; forming a cement plug which closes the lower end of said hole; drilling said plug; filling said hole with water; and making in said water temperature measurements at various depths within the cemented portion of said hole during the heat emission period of the cement.
12. In the operation of pouring fluid cement into an open hole, the steps of forcing said cement against the wall of said hole; forming a cement plug which closes the lower end of said hole; drilling said plug; filling said hole with 60 water; making in said water temperature measurements at various depths within the cemented portion of said hole during the heat emission period of the cement; and tracing a continuous diagram of temperature in terms of depth, thereby determining conditions of cementation of the uncased part of the hole such as irregularities and rate oi penetration of the cement in the porous formations traversed.
CONRAD SCI-ILUNIBERGER.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR2050128X | 1934-03-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2050128A true US2050128A (en) | 1936-08-04 |
Family
ID=9683317
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US727358A Expired - Lifetime US2050128A (en) | 1934-03-30 | 1934-05-24 | Thermometric method of locating the top of the cement behind a well casing |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2050128A (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2649715A (en) * | 1947-05-08 | 1953-08-25 | Eastman Oil Well Survey Co | Temperature measuring and indicating apparatus |
US2679642A (en) * | 1951-06-23 | 1954-05-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Liquid level indicator |
US2739475A (en) * | 1952-09-23 | 1956-03-27 | Union Oil Co | Determination of borehole injection profiles |
US2975629A (en) * | 1958-06-06 | 1961-03-21 | Patent & Licensing Corp | Test equipment for determining temperature change characteristics of materials |
US3480079A (en) * | 1968-06-07 | 1969-11-25 | Jerry H Guinn | Well treating methods using temperature surveys |
US3489219A (en) * | 1966-03-10 | 1970-01-13 | Halliburton Co | Method of locating tops of fluids in an annulus |
US3918520A (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1975-11-11 | Chevron Res | Wire line inflatable packer apparatus |
US3960211A (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1976-06-01 | Chevron Research Company | Gas operated hydraulically actuated wire line packer |
US3961667A (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1976-06-08 | Chevron Research Company | Hydraulically actuated wire line apparatus |
US4191250A (en) * | 1978-08-18 | 1980-03-04 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Technique for cementing casing in an offshore well to seafloor |
US4573805A (en) * | 1983-03-28 | 1986-03-04 | Texaco Inc. | Method for measuring temperature of a hydrocarbon stratum subjected to RF electromagnetic energy |
GB2386625A (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2003-09-24 | Schlumberger Holdings | A method for monitoring an operation in a well |
US20040163807A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-08-26 | Vercaemer Claude J. | Instrumented packer |
US8230913B2 (en) | 2001-01-16 | 2012-07-31 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Expandable device for use in a well bore |
USRE45011E1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2014-07-15 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Expandable tubing and method |
-
1934
- 1934-05-24 US US727358A patent/US2050128A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2649715A (en) * | 1947-05-08 | 1953-08-25 | Eastman Oil Well Survey Co | Temperature measuring and indicating apparatus |
US2679642A (en) * | 1951-06-23 | 1954-05-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Liquid level indicator |
US2739475A (en) * | 1952-09-23 | 1956-03-27 | Union Oil Co | Determination of borehole injection profiles |
US2975629A (en) * | 1958-06-06 | 1961-03-21 | Patent & Licensing Corp | Test equipment for determining temperature change characteristics of materials |
US3489219A (en) * | 1966-03-10 | 1970-01-13 | Halliburton Co | Method of locating tops of fluids in an annulus |
US3480079A (en) * | 1968-06-07 | 1969-11-25 | Jerry H Guinn | Well treating methods using temperature surveys |
US3961667A (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1976-06-08 | Chevron Research Company | Hydraulically actuated wire line apparatus |
US3960211A (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1976-06-01 | Chevron Research Company | Gas operated hydraulically actuated wire line packer |
US3918520A (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1975-11-11 | Chevron Res | Wire line inflatable packer apparatus |
US4191250A (en) * | 1978-08-18 | 1980-03-04 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Technique for cementing casing in an offshore well to seafloor |
US4573805A (en) * | 1983-03-28 | 1986-03-04 | Texaco Inc. | Method for measuring temperature of a hydrocarbon stratum subjected to RF electromagnetic energy |
USRE45011E1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2014-07-15 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Expandable tubing and method |
USRE45099E1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2014-09-02 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Expandable tubing and method |
USRE45244E1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2014-11-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Expandable tubing and method |
US8230913B2 (en) | 2001-01-16 | 2012-07-31 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Expandable device for use in a well bore |
GB2386625A (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2003-09-24 | Schlumberger Holdings | A method for monitoring an operation in a well |
GB2386625B (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2005-09-28 | Schlumberger Holdings | Intelligent well system and method |
US20040163807A1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-08-26 | Vercaemer Claude J. | Instrumented packer |
US7040402B2 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2006-05-09 | Schlumberger Technology Corp. | Instrumented packer |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2050128A (en) | Thermometric method of locating the top of the cement behind a well casing | |
US4832121A (en) | Methods for monitoring temperature-vs-depth characteristics in a borehole during and after hydraulic fracture treatments | |
CN107842361B (en) | Method for measuring original formation temperature, empty wellbore static temperature, annulus static temperature and annulus dynamic temperature | |
US4475591A (en) | Method for monitoring subterranean fluid communication and migration | |
US2352993A (en) | Radiological method of logging wells | |
US4744245A (en) | Acoustic measurements in rock formations for determining fracture orientation | |
US2228623A (en) | Method and means for locating perforating means at producing zones | |
CA2284997C (en) | Downhole monitoring method and device | |
US8302687B2 (en) | Apparatus for measuring streaming potentials and determining earth formation characteristics | |
US4423625A (en) | Pressure transient method of rapidly determining permeability, thickness and skin effect in producing wells | |
US2217708A (en) | Well cementing method and apparatus | |
US3483730A (en) | Method of detecting the movement of heat in a subterranean hydrocarbon bearing formation during a thermal recovery process | |
GB2387859A (en) | Deployment of underground sensors | |
US2242612A (en) | Method for determining the beds traversed by drill holes | |
US2403704A (en) | Thermal prospecting | |
US2344771A (en) | Method of determining the volume of the annular space between the casing and wall of boreholes | |
US2413435A (en) | Method of determining permeability of earth formations penetrated by well bores | |
US3454094A (en) | Waterflooding method and method of detecting fluid flow between zones of different pressure | |
Sass et al. | In situ determination of heat flow in unconsolidated sediments | |
US4043394A (en) | Plugging of abandoned dry wells | |
US1901431A (en) | hethod op and apparatus for determining true | |
Millikan | Temperature surveys in oil wells | |
RU2485310C1 (en) | Well surveying method | |
US3451264A (en) | Process for determining the injection profile of a cased well | |
US4607694A (en) | Well plug quality testing |