US2048679A - Lubricating installation - Google Patents

Description

July 28, 1936. J U

I LUBRICATING INSTALLATION Filed Dec. 27, 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 lNV ENTOR Jose 9% 27 7a)" BY ATT RNEY5 J. BIJUR LUBRICATING INSTALLATION July 28, 1936.

4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 27, 1929 2 QTS.

LEVEL LOW oiL LEVEL D-ANGE-R \'Q-r.'

INVENTOR- fis i'gfiyar BY MW 7 M [ATTORNEYS July 28, 1936. .1. BIJUR LUBRICATING- INSTALLATION Filed Dec. 27, 1929 4 Shets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR J se vkflyur A'i'MS July 28, 1936. J

LUBRICAIING INSTALLATION 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 20 v g i Filed Dec. 27, 1929 'lIl-l in I Rx mfi M 5% 0 WW n le S, /A 0 #1 f Patented July 28, 1936 RATE-NT --IO'FFFI I a} 32,048,679 ",ZLUBRIGATING INSTALLATION f Joseph 'Bijur; New York, N.i Y.,, cassignor' to Auto Researehfiorporation, acorporation' of Dela- Application December 27, 1929,:Serial No. I 416,787

-' 57 Claims.

My present invention is concernedwith ,automatic lubricating systems-;.-of,thecharacter in which oil from a central-source is delivered: under pressure through a series ofwdistributing-conduits to the various bearingsof aimachine duringrun ning of the vlatter. The-invention isyespecially concerned with asystem adapted tomeet, the peculiar requirements of chassis-lubrication.

An object of the invention is torprow'de a chassis lubricatingr system 1 to function; automatically as long-asthe engine iSiil'l operative condition and without any-attention-whatsoever, not even the manipulation of a valve or handle or-any adjusting or other--manua1;operation,-1inorder to initiate or. maintain -operativeness;

Anothereobject isto provide a. simple, inexpensive fullyiautomatici systemof :the-above-type which requires no special .reservoir forchassisoil but utilizes enginc oilderived fromLthe-crankcase.

i-Another object-11s .to provide a systerrr,of .the above type, proof against leakageacr-ydripwhile the cart-is parked, yettatiall-times whenzthe car is running, ,delivering oil atssubstanatially constant rate to the individual bearingsin unvarying proportions; in=accordance-with their needs, adequate delivery t-bei-ngtassured underriall operating conditions and; withoutridanger of ,underoilingor: overoiling, regardless ofavaryingsroad conditions. ,or variationssini-oil viscosity :incident to the differenceqbetweeni-summer andYwinter temperatures. V r

Another object is to provide a system.,of-the above character, which will-function reliably,

With oil fromthe ,crankcaseqdespi te;the: use of diminutive-pump mechanism ;and flew control ling-fittings having highly-restricted fiow: passageways therein, thatzare, inherently- -subject to clogging by solid part-icles in thesoil. Another: object: is to supply theg chassis lubricating pump ,with. =.oi1 from-the usual engine oil filter, yet to assure-a supply of. clean oils fromthe crankcase to the chassissystemeven should: the engine oil filter become clogged.

Another, object is :to provide a-system which aflords a ready :visual indication ofithecondition, and incidentally, ofatheglevelv of-the oil. whichis being used, and gives vthedriver;u-nmistakfable notice when, a fresh supply of oil i req ui red in the crankcase.

Another-object efetheinvention is ;t o-;provide a self-contained. motoriandp-zpumping unit utilizing-vibratory or cther ener gy as the motive means for the pumpiand capable of ready insertion into the crankcase of the; engine.

In: a pre r d med mentfithesvstem som prises a chassis oil pump distinct from the engine oil pump,-but-deriving itscharge fromthe engine oil pan; and preferably'submerged .-inthe latter, said chassis oil pump automaticallyand continuously-operated throughout running of the vehiclerandconnected-r to, a chassis distributing line equipped at the various chassisbearings with flow controlling outlets, preferablyeof 'thelwdrip pluggtype. 'The; pump 'is preferablysarreciprocating one actuated by suitableamotive means. Where the inertia of an appropriate vibratory eight is utilizedoas the motive means for: the pump thelatter would be of minute volume. Air trapped-int-he gauge line helps "to level out the pump strokes especially where a pump ofrlarger volume and lesser frequency of operationis utilized.

Preferablyxthe usual engine oil--. fil-ter-delivers to a well within the oil pan in which the chassis lubricatin 'p mp is submerged, and auxiliary filter means :in the wall of the-well assures the entry of a supply of cleancil from-the crankcase for; the chassis lubricating system evenif the engineeoil-filter should become clogged.

Another feature: resides-in indicating means 5 which at; all times'shows whether the oil in the crankcase is of proper quality for continued.- use as zan enginev-and chassis lubricant. The chassis lubricating system used being of constant feed rate; regardless of .thethickness or viscosityof the oil in the chassis lines, the application 'of. a flow, resistance in the courseof'flow, does not interfere with the reliability of chassis lubrication. Oil being fed through such:resistance at the nearly constant rate determined by'the pump and being maintained during its flowthroughthe resistance, at the nearly constant temperatures of the oil pan or the waterjacket the difierence in. pressure potential'across the -terminals: of said resistance :isa measure of the #viscosity of the oil at said constant temperature. Accordingly, a suitable pressure gauge connected .across the terminals of such resistance affords the desired reading, either quantitativelyin :unitsof viscosity, on qualitatively in terms of voil suitability.

The invention may bemore'fully understood from the following descriptionin connection-with theaccompanying drawings, wherein; I

Fig. 1 is afragmentary perspective view showing-the forward .portion of a chassis and indicat- 50 ingdiagrammatically the location. of the various elements-70f myimproved centralized lubricating system, a

1 Fig. ,2; is argreatly enlarged:fragmentary-transr verse sectional-view; through thecrank case and within the crank case,

through the' removable 'self 'contained pump,

motor, filter and resistor unit which is disposed Fig. 3 is a further enlarged vertical sectional detail through the lower end of this unit,

'Figs'e and 5 are;transverse sectional views on "the lines 4-4 an s-5 respectively, of Fig. a,

7 Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view taken from the exterior lof V the crankcase and showing the connections between the gauge and the system.

Fig. 7 is a sectional plan view on the line 1 1 Fig. 8 is aface view of the gauge with parts broken away and in sectionior clearness, 7

Q the resistor unit is mounted in the waterjaclcet,

the motor and pumpg being shown mainly in Fig. 9 is a verticalsectional view Jon {the'line Fig. 8, V V e Fig. 10 is a view somewhat similar to Fig. 2 but illustrating a modifiedarrangement in'which elevation '1 case showingdiagrammatically the system 01' Fig,

7 motor unit 'taken 7 approximately on n+1; 1 g "Fig; 13 is' anenla rged sectional detail of the 30 Illl a'ndthe variousconnections to the resistor, the gauge jandthei distributing conduit line,

Fig. 12'is a plan'view of the top of the pump'and the line resistci eler'nent which isused in the waterjacket;

nd H :1 ne i-14,15 an enlarged; longitudinal sectional I view through one oi the flow controlling drip plug conduits. such i f or instance as n v V ingtfrom the pump and into theconduit l8 which 7 fittingswhichare common to both'systems;

fI hFigQl of the drawings I designates the usual chassis frame, mounting an engine H within the engine compartment cooperatively .deiined the radiator J2; hood l3, and dashboard l5.

' A minute, capaeityffprce pump P shown in fdetaii'f h nig 2} to withdraws oil Vfro'm the botto n of the engine crankcase and; 'while thecar is in motion, feedsrit continuously into a distributing syster'n delivering oil at the various cha ssis bearings." The force pump is operated by an inertia yehicle vibratienfl a V V i i V 1 The W il'dist ibutingsystem preferably consists "of a connected seriesof "small bore liquid-filled the main l1; leadfollows along one of thechannel frames and has various branch conduits such as I9 leading to theindividual chassisbearings.

- 'Ih e outletsirom the distributing system preferably comprise flow controllingfittings such as:

2 0, an illustrativeembodimentf which is shown indetail in Fig, 14; and will now be described. The

@fitting body 2 [has a threaded end 22 1501 applicac .7 p e a f bearing, and is provided with sockets 23- and 24 tion to athreaded socket inthe fixed part of a {at its respective ends connectedby alongitudinal 'bore ZS substantially filled by a flow restriction pin 'ZGL 'IThe branch conduit l9 which supplies this dripping is attached thereto by apressuretight coupling; designated generally at 28 Oil .fiowing into the drip plug irom the pipe I! passes the filter material This filter effectively guards.

through awad' of filter material-:23, disposed within the socket124 and encased withlna wire meshbasket 30' which prevents disintegration of the minute crevice around the restrictionpin 26 gfrom becoming fouled or, clogged, with scale or chipsyvhich may be carried from the interior of the small bore tubing any the lcwing oil stream.

7 2,048,679 n t n Within the socket is there is mounted a light,

vi'ew taken eirteriorl y of the crank n 7 motor thedetails'joi whichare I shown in Fig. 2 this;motor deriving energy from soft faced valve 3| sustained against loss by a retaining collar 32 .force' fitted into the mouth of the socket and adapted, when suction conditions exist within the pipe I9, to bedrawn against an' outwardly iacing seat 33.

7 As in my prior PatentjNo. ofall of the drip plugs may be uniform'and the pins'26 are made in various sizes so that theproportional rate of flow through the various drip plugs of the systemmay be readily predetermined the liquid filled distributing system.

1,632,772} the bores 25 1 by the selection of plugsfhaving pins ofcorrect size. 'The restriction of the drip plugs affording 'high' resistance to, flow, theysustai'n pressure, which accordingly is nearly uniform throughout Thepurpose of the light valve, in the present inventionfis'similar to that of my prior Patent- #l,732,21 2 of October, 19 29, that is, toprevent siphoning between drip plugs at difierent levels, at times when the vehicle is not in' motion and the variouspipes oi the system are filled'with oil; I In the embodiment'of Fig. '2, but slight changes have been'made in the conventional crank case structure, in order toaccommodate the motor and pump unit. Setinwardly from one side wall of the oil pa r is a vertical partition 34 cooperating V s with the weir of the oil pan l6, to define :an. oil

welliilig The terminal end-of the return pipe 36 from the usual engine 'oil cleaner (not shown) spills oil into the well partition 34 tendingto segregate this oil from the dirtier oil in the, ree mainder of the oil pan.

" As indicated by legends" and dotted lines in o the drawings the hlg hoillevelin thecrank case is just-below the top tithe partition: 34.- A,

filter 38 secured to wall 34 and covering a 'correspending; opening 31 in, said wall, affords a path for the admission of iclean oil from the crank Vca seto .wellf35; A supply 01' clean oiltothe chassis-lubricating, system would thus be as sured,-even though the engine oil filter that usueally affords thes upply through pipe =36 should i become clogged.

gines, represents, a slight departure from standard structure isthei, provision of laterally offset 'The onlyiother change whieh,'"in some en pockets '40fand "Pin; the crank case and ,oil 7 pan walls the top: of the pocket constituting a horizontal platform portion 39 interrupting the usual curve of the crankcase IS. A circular opening H in the'platform is vertically aligned with the well 35 and my improved motor M and pump P, preassembled as a unitwithin an elongated tubular casing 42 ,1are. droppedthrough opening 4I* and secured 'in position as will be later described so thatthe pump P is immersed in the oil in the well 35.7 The shell" not only constitutes V the casing of 'the self-contained pump and motor unit but additionally carriesa filter assemblage indicated generally at E which flltersthe oil supply passing from the well into the pump.

V The "cylinder 42 of 'the eself-lcontained motor,

pump and filterunit' is encircled near its upper end by a collar- 44 soldered or otherwise conseats on the platform'39 and is bolted or other wise secured thereto as at 45. When thus applied thelowerend oi the cylinder extends near= ly to the bottom' of the well 35as shown.

internally nreihforce'd "by a cylindrical sleeve member 46 onto opposite ends ofwhich are 1 icrce fitted oppositely facingcup-like partition nected thereto; Thefiat bottom of this collar "I"he intermediate portion of the cylinder 42 is V disks 4'! land 48. :marginal flanges 149- to abut the ends ,ofizthe .sleeve 46; each. disk is aperturedat 50'and.;each .disk is provided with a' central down-:struck v.has a screw driver slot'61.

way 66 in the block 55. through a member R, not essential to the oper- These. disks are formed with sleeve. or collar portin15l serving toprdvide strong and'substantial slide bearings for the-vertical' reciprocating connecting rod 52 which directly connects the massive inertia weight 530i the-motor with the. minute. plunger :54.-;of .the

pump.

"Referring more .specifically ,to the pump mechanism, a circular horizontal block-55 vis mounted inthe slightlyenlarged lower end 42 ,ofthe cylinder 42 andis held in positionby. a

radial pin"=56.. The pump body 51rat'its, lower :end" is formedwithia head 58 which limits the insertion of the shank 51 into a central opening- 55' in the block into which it is;press.-.fit-ted. The pump. body;projects upwardly above the block 55 and is formed with a-longitudinal bore 59 intersected above the block by a transverse bore66 and terminating at its lower endin a downwardly facing socket 6|, the lower end of which is closed by a p1ug162. The passageway .60 provides a pair of inlet .ports for theypump.

That portion of the bore 59 between the inlet ports and the socket 6| constitutes the-pump cylinder proper and the portion of the bore '59 above the port'60 serves simplyasa guide for the reciprocating pump plunger 54.

In Fig. 3 the plunger:54 is shown in its nor -mal position of rest approximatelyat the. inlet ports 16!? but leaving sufficient clearance for .gravity flow of oil which may have accumulated above the block 55 into the working chamber 59 of the pump. Outflow from this chamber is normally checked by a soft faced valve 63 urged upwardly by a coiled expansion spring 64 7 a'tion of the system and hereinafter described, and is delivered to the chassis lubricating system by way of pipe ID! which extends upward along cylinder 42 and delivers throughoutletl08 to the chassis line H.

The filter assemblage, designated generally at F, includes a relatively dense filter pad of large area cooperatively formed of a series of, stacked felt filter disks 12, internally reinforced by a wire basket 13, having a flange I4 spun over upon the top of thedisks to confine them against endwise displacement. A pressed metal plate 75, secured in the bottom of the cylinder section H by a split ring 16, is provided'with openings "7'! through which oil from the wellfiows upwardly into the annular space between the cylindrical filter pad 12 and the cylinder wall 42*. The bottom of the basket I3 is formed with an opening 18 therein,- encircled by a reinforcing ring 19 and the center of the plate 15 is pressed upwardly through the opening 18 and expanded over the disk 19 as indicated at 80 thereby'locking the plate 15 and the filter disks and basket liner together. The filter washers I2 are,held under light compression by an annular. rib 8| extending downwardly from the block. 55and bitefi'ecti vely checked by the buffer sprin ;-8 2-: pressed upwardly from the plate 115, digsinto .the bottom- :of; the stack.

zaThe 'oiL-flows freely into the annularv space "around the cylindrical filter and seeps slowly by :gravity into the basket, thence rising through avertical passageway 83 in the block 55 and Hfillingthe-chamber H above the block to ap proximatelythe same level as the level. in the well 35.

.The, inertia .motor which actuates ,the pump, :comprises a'weight 53 fixed by a compression coupling-B4' to the upperend of the connecting -:rod 52 andissustained in free floating position :by' a coiled expansion spring 85 bottoming .upon la plate-86 fitting into the bottom of the cupshaped partition disk-48. .The upper end of :the

weight 53 is cylindrical in form nearly filling the cylinder 42. In fact, due to the rigidconnecting .rod,ubearings 5!, the clearance between the cylinder-and the weight-may be sufiiciently small to permit a substantial ,air checking efiect on the weight, yet the weight will not: rattle against the adjacent cylinder walls even when the cylinder ;42 is laid-on its side forpurposes of shipping.

The lower end of the weight is conically tapered at -81, cooperating with the upper portion to de- :fine a downwardly facing shoulder 88 which rests upon the spring 85. of the weight fits within the spring 85 and is .adapted upon violent down strokes to contact with a coiled buffer spring 89 centered within a flange 9!) on the plate 86 and reacting against the partition disk 48. While the specific pump and motor construction is desirable, the generally similarassembly shown in the copending-application :Ser. -No...389,839 filed October-ll, 1929, maybe used to advantage.

During normal running of the automobile, the

vibration incidental to operation even on smooth .roads will cause the weight 53 to reciprocate and the. plunger 54-to force successive small charges of oil beyond the outlet valve 63 into; the distributing-system. Violent up-swings of the weight .involve no increased rate of feed, since the pump plunger is then simply withdrawn further than;

necessary but the effective pump stroke is no longer. Violent down-strokes of the weight are =89. Thus, under all running conditions, a substantiallyuniform flow or constant volume of oil will be delivered by the pump. The pressure availlablelat the pump, by reason of the small diameter .of. its piston, is sufficient to insure constant volume delivery into the system, regardless of whether the oil in the distributing conduit system 4 mally seated, prevents venting of the body of oil standing inthe various pipes of the distributing system. .The drip plug. valves 3! check any siphoning tendency between drip plug outlets at different levels. Thus, when the car is standing still, no oil will escape from the system.

In operation, while the car-is in motion the inertia motor M will reciprocate, weight 53 being balanced with sufficient delicacy by the spring 85 to insure'a sufiicient amplitudeof vibration to operate'the force pump P even when the car is travelling'pver smooth roads thereby expelling a rapidly' repeated series of minute oil charges into the The lower tapered end ing intothe top of the stack and an annular rib distributing system. ,The flow. resistanceof the 4:0 tions, nor changing conditionsof the road over distributing coriauits'is o small-as comparedwith the flow resistance of the dripplugs that pressure loss between the pump and the outlet of the 7 system is a negligible factor in the operation of V the systemjthe various drip plug fittings passing such proportions of the total feed as correspond to the respective ratings of said drip plugs, to lubricate the variousbearings in accordance with r the' requirements thereof.

I very effective "filter system which is employed. Substantially all of the oil whichenters the well 35 comes either directly through the pipe 36 from' the engine oil cleaner or filter or through thefilter pad 38. If foreign particles should reach 1 the well, for instance, by the splash of dirty oil from the crank case, they will in part s'ettle to the bottomof the wella'ndin partbe filtered out by the pad I2 before they can reach the relatively delicate mechanism of the force pump. The flow restrictions, of the drip plugs are independently guarded by strainers 29 which serve to entrap any chips entrained from the metal "walls of the- .fiow passages, t H

The motor and pump unitis compact and may. be readily installed and as readily removed for purposes of inspection or repair, The pump, mo-

tor and filter constitute a unitary assembly which may be simply dropped through the open-- 7 ing' ll and held in 'place by bolting. down the collar 44. r i r The various'pipes which lead; from this unit,

"such for-instancef'as the pipes II9 III, and I1 maybe conveniently coupled, as shown, to associated conduits at the suspension collar of the 'motor and pump unit. 7

The apparatus is so designed that no adjustment thereof in use is necessary, since neither changingrweather' conditions nor;changing oil condiwhich the cartravels nor of the speed at which "the car is travellingjcambring about improper lubrication. The punipfeeds substantially constant volume and thus functions at all speeds and ;on all types of roads to insure an adequate flow tothe bearings without dangerof overoiling them.

The bearings of the pump unit areadequately lubricated, the lower bearing by splash of oil and the upper bearing creepage of oil along the connecting rod.

As in the case of my. copending application" Serial No. 389,839 filed .October 11, 1929, oilpreviously' cleansed by seepage through the filter l2, enters the open ports 69 of the small volume pump by gravity flow. There is always suificient supply of oil abovefilter I2 to meet requirements foreven a long run, and'this supply is replenished 'while the vehicle isstanding idle overnight, and

this by seepage through filter, I2 from the volume standing in well When filter 12 has'become .fouled, it is readily removed and replaced, substantially as in said 'copending application.

Means is preferably'provided under themfluence' of pump P, to indicate automatically the suitability of the oil for .further as a chassis'and as an engine lubricant. This means comprises a suitable pressure gauge connecting across the endsof a flow resistance element maintained under the nearly constant temperature of the crank case or the water jacket, and through V which element the pump discharges to thepressure line; 1 The reading of thegauge is thus a measure of the viscosity of the oil. r

W In a specific embodiment, the fiow resistance The use' of comparatively dirty c rankcase oil is made possible for chassis lubrication by the r is a unitary resistor element which comprises a 'c'ylindricaljmetal cartridge 9| having a pair of parallel longitudinal bores '92 and 93 therein,

substantially filled by restriction pins. 94 and 95.

The upper ends of the bores 92 and 93 enter a, common socket 96 in the top of the block9l, V-

this' socket being closed by a force fitted flanged cap 91 which affords leak-tight communication between the passages determinedby the-two restriction pins. I r 1 3 I r s The inlet pin .94 is keptwithin the cartridge by perforated cap "98 press-fitted into a correspond- 93 terminates at the slot I99 short of the end of the cartridge thus to confine-the outlet pin 95,

the-"lower end'93 of which is' stopped by the bottom of the slot. g r r a The block is provided with an upwardly exthereinfin which the lower end of the resistor. cartridge 9I "is received. The bottom of the socket I92'com municates through an opening I93 with' the oil passage 69. In order to further guard against the entrance'of 'foreign particles into theresistor', the opening I93 is provided with a filter, substantially filling it, and consisting A' segmental notch I99 formed in the side of cartridge 9I at the lower endof outlet bore 93 ing socket in the end of the cartridge. The bore tending segmental boss I9I having a socket I92 of a wool fe lt wadIIl I arranged within a wire basket I95.

provides exit-from: the cartridge Flow of oil,

throughthe resistoris into the socket 99, up

"through the bore 92, down "through the bore 93 and outfrom the notch I99. Thus the two restriction'pins and theifassociated bores define series-connected fiow resistance elements, so that when this resistor element is interposed in the pathv of flow of the output of pumpP there will bev a pressure -drop across the ends of the resistor. I V I The pump P plopelling the oil therethrough at nearly constant rate, the drop of pressure across the terminals of the resistor is proportional to the viscosity of the oil therethrough. The resistor being within the engine crank case where 'more or less uniform temperature obtains during "use in both summer and winter weather, any variation in the pressure drop ure of variation induced by a change in the resistor.

across the resistor is proportional to and a meas-fl I a V 50 quality of the V011 whlch is passing through the V 1 Thus by'merely connecting the two elements, I

of a difierential pressure gauge to opposite ends,

of the resistor a definite reading of oil quality is obtained and it maybe ascertained at a glance 'when the crankcase oil has become so thinned or vitiated that it isinadvisableto use it further,

either for engine lubricating-or chassis lubricating purposes. To indicate the quality of the oil,-a gauge G shown in Figs. 6 to 9 is preferably employed, the construction and connection, of which will now be described. 7

The slot I99, at the outlet of the' resistor cartridge communicates with I a radial passageway I96 in the boss I9I into which is fitted the end of a small-bore'conduit I91. Conduit I 9'I- fol 'lows'upwardly' along the side of the cylinder 42 and communicates with an outlet socket I99 in the collar 44 into which conduit Ills coupled. =Also communicating with the upper end of the conduit I9! is a second socket I99 into which is coupled adead-end pipe II9 for the pressure gauge (3.. .The conduit .I9 leading from the end of the'oil passageway 69 has its continuation acrea e in adead endpipe I I I leading td the gauge 6:, pipes 10 and 'I I I being unitedbysuitable *c'ufiling 112 at thecolIar- 'M. The'pressure pbt arm the pipe I I I is the 'same as'thatat the ifilet 'of the resistor and the pressure potential in' -thepipe line 'I Ill is thesame as that'at the-outlet bf the resistor. e V

Numerous expedients might be' resorted to for operating an indicator or-gauge from the difierential pressure lines IIII-and III. 111 the 'p'r'e'sent ease 1 is shown a sensitive gauge meehanism=at the dashboard, of the type 'v'vhie-h includes a Bourdon tube I'I3,-mounted within aca'sing H4. The tube is I coupled to the' -pipe -I-I I and' 'the pipe IIIl directly connected into the interior bf the gauge casing-so that the reading on the gauge corresponds to the pressure differential at opposite ends-of the resistor element whichfias previously noted, "is a' measure br the viscosity of the oil in thecrank case. The means-for connecting the needleor'-= otlierindicator I I5- t0 the tube-may be entirely conventional"- aiid is not shownhere. V

The scale upon which this needle readsiiIeferably. as *best seen in Fig. 6; earn s legend's indicating good oil, =thin oily-and mpty altheugh it mayhave a nu-merical sc'aviscesityreadings, if desired. Whenever there i's'nodifierential of'pressure between the ccntentsbf-" the'Bourdon tube and that; of thegauge cas'ing; the gauge will read empty, the pressure riiffereiitialfalling to zero during runningof the vehiclefohly=on failure of oil supply-to'the-pump o-rup'en the pump "-itself *becomi-ng inoperative.

The resistor is employed i the presentsystem merely as an adjunct to obtain the-necessary pressure drop to produce the 'gauge reaiding -which indicates'the quality of' theoil. Though the 1resistor is connected in'series with the d'istri-buting chassis lines, it" has no effector! oil distribution, the pump of constant feed-rata'here 'showr'iflp'ro pelling substantially at uniform rate despitethe added frictional losses;in tl'rejrsistor. Theresistor shown has the added virtuefl impeding leak should a seriousbr'eak "oceur iii-lthei chassis lines.

' The expansive force of thefair trappedfirrt-he gauge G and' in'theupper' ends'oftubes I I I' f' a-nd I I I helps to level out the'pressureonthe chassis lines between {successive pump strokes, "especially where a pump is used of 'la'rgereifective' volume V and lesser frequency of operation than that specifically herein disclosed.

The modification of "Figs. 10f" to "13hriclusive"; is shown mounted in thewater jacket of'th engine where nearly uniform high temperature conditions exist throughout the year. "Since many of the elements of the. twof'sys'temsf areiduplicates, detailed showing ofthe"inertia"motor "pumpand mechanism has been avoided.

In this instance the only departure from conventional crank case structure 1 efo'rmatloti of a; laterally extending pocket} tnecrank'case and the'provision of a boss-LIB projcting upwardly and outwardly from the'sloping wall II! of the crank case; A- motor- -pumm-unit :8, generally similar to that previously describedis dropped through the 'circular'* 'sleevedefined by the boss-I I6. Thecollar'l 'lScarried'by the upper end of the'u'nit "I Iflrestsuponthetop face 'of' the boss and is secured by screws 120;

Here again, the inerti'a motor' -(not shown) operates the pump P,"foreing oil intdab conduit I 2 I I which follows along theouter surrace-or the H8 and terminates in a crossbore' I22 in the collar H9.

From the cross bore I22, the oil is forced 'by the pump into a pipe I23: which terminatesin a T fitting I24. This T fitting communicates through the'pipe 125 with the stem-of the pressure gauge G and IJhrOugh ashort pipe I 26 with the inlet 121 of the resistor element -I28 screwed into a suitable opening I 29 in a the outer wall I30 of the engine water jacket 'I3I. From' the res'istbrou'tlet I32 the oil is led through a'pipe I33 delivering-through a second T fitting 134. *From th-is'fittinga pipe I35 leads to the casing of :the gauge G and a pipe 136 delivers to the'system of distributing conduits on the chassis. The oiliin flowing from the pipe I26 into the pipe I33 passes through the seriallyarranged flow resistance elements of the resistor. The gauge again isvso connected as to read, pressure differentialat opposite sides of the resistor. Pump discharge rate and 20 resistor temperature remaining 2 nearly constant, the gauge reading will always be indicative of the viscosity-i. -e., the quality of the oil in the crank case.

A-des'irableform of resistor I 28"inthis instance -is-showni'n detail in Fig. 13. It consists of a body I31-having a cylindrical bore I 38 therein, within which cartridge I39 is fitted; said car'- 'tr-idge' being "formed with a'a -pair: of T longitudinal passageways I40 and *IAI accommodating the restriction pins I 42 and I43. The bodyincludes a reduced threaded portion I44 to be screwed into the opening in the-water jacket; portion IMI defining with the enlarged :end of the body; a

shoulder H5 which is adapted to pressa gasket 35 -I46- a;'gainst the outer face of thejacket and prevent leakage of watertherefrom. ilnwardlyfrom theireduced portion -"I441the body. :is further reduced at I41 and a cap M8 pressefitted: over it clampsa disk "I49against the endof thebo-dy and 's'er-ves ito' hold thezrestri'ction'upins M2 andt'l43 against endwise displacement in onedirection.

A retainer-cup 1:50 force-fitted intoa socketgl'5l in the :outer end of the bore 'I 4 I holds pin #I43 against movementin the other directiomfiwhile a strainer wad I 52v within a wire mesh basket "I53 isfitted' into a radial socket I 541iin 'the' cartridge -I 39, said socket intersecting. the outer'iendtof the passage MIJ and said strainer i limiting outward movement-=ofithe restriction pin [42.

Diametricallyopposed sockets I66and I55 for oilin'let and outlet' fittings. are formed in the bo'dy I31. 5 Socket-I55 registers with the strainer 1*52 and-at its innerend has a' retainer cup I56 force-fitted therein and holding the strainer 1 in placeand serving also as an abutment for'the co'upling' sleeve (notsh'own) of the compression bushing-132s The--cartridge :-I39-isformed with a socket I51 communicating with the socket I 5I and 'having an enlarged outer" end l1 I58 in which is mounted afilter wad I59, within a'screen cage L60. This wad is' protected by a cap L-I GI fitted over-"theprojecting end of the block l'39 and being struck inwardly at I62 for' entry-of lubricant.

The cap IGI -is' itself completely-enclosed by a flanged threaded cap I63 screwedonto the outer end- 0f the resistor body r31, this cap together 'with the body I3'I and the cap-IBI providing an oil chamber-I64 to which 'oil is admitted from 'inlet asocket I 665 by way'of inclined passageway chamber I 66; thencepast the restriction pin ll 2,

' 70 e r forcedby the pump, outlets from the conduit system delivering-to, the chassis bearings, each outlet including means to impose aninvariant, high flow resistance to the emission of oil from the system .76 in V through the strainer or filter I52 and out thro gh exit socket I55 to the distributingsystem therebeyond." The modified form oflubricating system shown in Figs. l0. to 13'inclusive, functions on the prin-:

ciple of thesystem previously described. Itfoperates to feed oil 1 at substantially, constant rate V duringall running conditions, to the chassisbear .ingsiandthecondition of the'oil being used is always indicated by the gauge.

f The. flow resistance imposed by, the resistor of Fig.3 or that ofFig. ,13, maybe much .higher,

Q if, desired, than that of the distributing system or of any one drip plug thereof, butit needbe no greater than necessary to produce the required pressure.drop for gaugereading, The resistor of either of these. embodiments maybe readily applied,'when of sufficiently high resistance, as

the primary ,volume-feedcontrol in a lubricating 'system embodying a pump not of constantfeed rate, as for example the engine oil'pump.

*The pump unitshown in Figs. 2m 5 and 10 "and the viscosity measuring 'units,jshown in Figs. 3 to 5 and 6 to 13 may, of course,be used in other connections than'in combination with a chassis lubricating system, the viscosity ,measur- V ingunit being broadly adapted to measuring the viscosityof lubricants or other fiuids, and the pump unit being adapted to be associated with machinery generally other ,than 1 crank cases of automobiles." V l I claim': I I 1 V 1. ,In combination with a motor vehicle, having a crank caselubricantlreservoir, a lubricating in-v stallation for the chassis bearings, comprising a V source of oil supply including a pump and reservoirunit, in gravity lubricant communication with said crank case reservoir, an individualautomatic motor. for said pump actuated from the operating vehicle forlubricationof said bearings, and .distributing conduits leading from said pumps to i said bearings and 'havingflow controlling outlets I associated with the chassis bearings;

2. In combination with avehicle chassisof, a .451

pair of independently operating motors thereon, .one motor being self-lubricating and'serving to propel the chassis, a chassis lubricating'jpump ,actuated by the other motor,'and feeding lubricant to the chassis bearings, a crank case having a common oil supply forthepump and the propelling motor, an oil distributing system into which'oil is forced-by thefpump, saidsystem having highly restrictedoutlets subject: to clogging by minute foreign particles, means to cleansethe oil for the propelling motor after it'has: lubri- 'cated such motor and means to'filterthe oil for the chassis lubricating system before it enters" the pump thereof, saidc hassis lubricating'pump being provided with :an independentlubricant reservoir in which :it is immersed below the level of the lubricant, and a gravity feed-fromgthe crankcase to said independent reservoir to. cause .--said independent reservoir to be filled to above Ithe level of said pump. 1 a

3. In an automotive vehicle, the combination with a chassis and an engine thereon of a chase sis lubricating system including a chassis lubricating pump deriving lubricant from the crank case oftheengine, a plurality of, lubricantfilled distributing conduits into which lubricant is and means for automatically operating said pump throughoutoperationof the'vehicle, said chassis lubricatingpump being provided with; an inde '7 pendent lubricant reservoir in which it is immersed'belowthe ;le vel of thelubricant, and a gravityifeedirom the crank case to said independent reservoir tocause said independentreservvoir to be filled to, above the level of said'pump.

4. In an automotive vehicle, the combination with a chassis and arr-enginethereon, of a chas-' sis lubricating system,; including a chassis lubricating'pump :derivinglubricant from the crank case of the engine,a plurality of lubricant filled distributing conduits into which lubricant is forced by-the pump, each conduit outlet having aninvariant, high jfiow resistance to the emission of pil from the' system'and a motor for operating the-pump deriving energy fromflvehicle vibrations, said'chassis; lubricating pumpbeing pro vided with an independent lubricant reservoir in which it is immersed below the'level of the lubricant, and a gravity feed from the crank case to said independentreservoir to cause said inde-' pendent reservoir to be filled to above the level of said;pump.,; I f

5. Inan au' motive vehicle,;the combination with ajchassisand an engine with a crankcase lubricant reservoir thereon, of a chassis lubricat ing system, including a chassis lubricating pump deriving lubricant-from the crank case of the engine, a plurality of lubricant filled distributing conduits into which'lubricant is forced by the'* chassis pump, each conduiteutlet havinglan invariant high flow resistance to-the emission of.

oilirom the system and a motorfor operating said pump said;moto'r being housed within a casingand being spaced from the operating engine parts; said chassis lubricating pump being provided with 'anindependent lubricant reservoir fed by gravity from said crank case, said pump being provided with an inlet which is maintained below theilevel of lubricant in said independent reservoirs V 6.11111 an automotivevehicle, the combination with a chassis. and an engine thereon, r a chase 's is lubricating system including a plurality of lubricant-filleddistributing conduits having restricted outlets to the-bearings to belubricated, a,

charges of crankcase oil into the distributing sys- ,pump in the crankcase of the engine operative to-continuously force arepeated series of small tem, while the vehicle is in motion,.andmeans i spacedfrom. theoperating engine parts and operated only upon 'movement' of the vehicle over a road for operating-the pump,rsaid chassis lubricating pump being provided with an independent lubricant reservoir jfed' by gravity from said crank case, said pump being'provided with an inlet which is maintained below the level of lubricant insaid independent reservoir. 9

7. Inan automotive vehicle, the combination with the chassis and "an engine thereon, of a 'chassislubricating system including a plurality of lubricantefilled distributing conduits having restrictedoutlets to the bearings to be lubricated, a pump in the crank case of theengineoperative to continuously force a repeated seriesof small charges of crank case oil into the distributing system, while the vehicle-is in motion, and means independent of the engine for operating the 'pump,"comprising an inertia motor deriving energy; from vehicle vibrations *and directly connected to the pump. 7

a. In an-automotivei-vehicle, the combination with the chassis and a motor thereon, of a chas-' sis lubricating system including a plurality of 75,

cof

distributing conduits havingrestrictedoutlets to the hearings to be lubricated, apmnp in the crank case of the engine operativeto continuously farce? a repeated series of small. charges of jcrankl case oil into the distributing system while fthvehicle is in motion, means independent of themoto r for operating the'pump, said means comprising inertia motor deriving energy from vehicle vibrations and directly connected tothle pump, the

inertia motor and pumpbeing housedwithin a,

retarding gravity flow thereto and a reservoir. chamber above the pump normally maintaining. a Standing supply of filtered oil in whichv the.

pumpis immersed.

10. In a lubricating system of the character which includes liquid-filled distributingv conduits.

having high resistance outlets and a force pump.

for continuously feeding small charges of lubricant into the system, means for, indicating the viscosity of the oil including aninvariant flow resistance element in the flow line andga diiferezitial pressure gauge connected to the flow line at opposite sides of such element.

11. In a chassis lubricating systemv of, thecharacter which includes liquid-filled distributing. conduits having high resistance outletsand a, means for substantially, continuously feeding lubricant into the system at a substantially uniform rate, means for indicatingthe viscosity of the oil including an element of invariant high flow resistance in the flow lineanda differential pressure gauge connected to the flow line at opposite sides of said element.

12. Ina chassis lubricating system of the character which, includes liquid-filled .distributir'igv conduits having high resistance outlets'and a means for substantially continuously feeding lubricant into the system at a substantially uniform rate, means for indicating the viscosity of the oil including anelement of invarianthig'h flow resistance in the flow line and a differential" pressure gauge connected to the flow line at op-' posite sides of said element, said element being disposed in a position where its temperature is maintained nearly uniform by'the heat of the engine.

13. In a chassis lubricating system of the character which includes liquid-filled distributing conduits having high resistance outlets and a means for substantially continuously feeding lubricant into the system at a substantially uniform rate, means for indicating the viscosity of the oilincluding an element of invariant high flow resistance in the flow line and a differential pressure gauge connected to the flow lineat opposite sides of said element, and means to maintain thetemperature of the flow line substantially; constant at the region of the resistance element.

14. In a chassis lubricating system of the character in which crank case oil is forced through distributing conduits to the chassis bearings, means to indicate the viscosity of .the oil, said means comprising an elementof invariant high, qw sistan ar an d in. the. qir ine, and in...

.9it s when: ts peratu e s. m tai nearly constant by theheat of the engine, and means to measure thepressure drop across the s jan ej ment:

15, Ln a chassis lubricating system of the character in which crank case oil is forced a through distrihuti g cpnduits to the chassis bearings, means to indicate" the viscosity of the oil, said means comprising an element of invariant high flow resistances arranged in the flow line and in a position where its temperature is maintained nearly constant by the heat of the engine and means to n easurethepressure drop across the resistance element, said means comprising an;

ndipatorarranse qrea said p essure dr p i rm i o l ua tyi 16. In a chassis lubricating system of the char-v aster. which, includes, liquid-filled distributing cgnduitshaving highiresistance outlets and a.

meansior ubstantial y continuously. fee n lulqr icant into the system at a substantially unifqrm rate, Ineansjor indicating the viscosity of the o l including amelement of invariant high. flqw resistance in the flow l ne and'a differential ressuresauee onnect d o t ow. n oppgsitesides of said. felement, said resistance element being a grangedwithin the crank case.

17; Ina chassislubricatingsystem10f the char-v acter which includes. liquid-filled distributing onduitshavins'ihish ..resistancecutlets and a means for, substantially continuously feeding lubrieantirito the systemv at a substantially uniform rate, means for indicating the viscosity of the oil including an element of, invariant high flow resistance in, the flow line and a differential pressure. gauge, connected tolthemflow line at oppositesides of said element, said resistance ele- 7 ment. being n in 1 8 In a chassis lubricating system, of the char: ante; Whih.. ncludes liquid-filled distributing ,arranged.; in the waterjacket of the conduits having high resistance outlets and a pump means for substantially continuously feeding lubricant into the system at a substantially unif qnratenreansjor indicating the viscosity or .the oi lincluding an element of invariant high flowresistance in the flow line and a difierential pressure gauge connected to the flowline, at opposite sides of said element, said resistance ele-. ment arranged within. the crank case, and

forming a unitary part of the pump means.

19- A centralized force feed lubricating sy temgoi the character which includes liquid-filled distributing, conduits having invariant, high-resistance, flow controlling outlet fittings, means to continuouslyiorce repeated small charges of lubricant at a substantially, constant rate into the system,and a gauge for indicating the viscosity of the oil whichis being fed into the system;

v 20, A centralized force feed lubricating system whichyincludes liquid-filled distributing conduits having invariant, high-resistance, flow controlling outlet fittings, means to substantially continuously feed lubricant into thesystem, a drip plug resistance positioned between said means and saidv system in the course of lubricant flow, apressuredifferential being, created between the inlet andthe outlet of, the drip plug resistance, and, agdifierential gauge 'in communication with opposite ends ot said drip plug resistance for indigatingthe viscosity of oil whichis being fed terns. s stem.

,1 r. traliz d. ;r ress u e lubricatin ,anpa.-.

tiributing conduits havingflow outlets of invari ant high resistance, a continuously operatingfpump of substantially uniform feed-rate to force' lubricantinto the conduits, a flow resistance ele'- mentin the main conduit supply line beyondthe V pumpand a gauge to indicate the pressure dif:

- 7 ferential of' the oil between opposite sides of the resistance element. 7 V V 1- H 22.tIn a'lubricating apparatus, a liquid filled distributing conduit system: having flow outlets of invariant men flow resistance, a conduit toconvey liquid to the distributing'conduitaa pump 'to continuously force, liquid into said conveying conduit, and a viscosimeter including a resistor element arranged in said conveying conduit and a' gauge registering the pressure differential between opposite sides of the resistor; I

23. In alubricating, apparatus, ,a'liquid filled distributing conduit; system having flow outlets of invariant high fiowresistan'ce, a conduit to convey liquid to the distributing conduits, apump tocontinuously force liquid at nearly constant 1 feed rate into said conveying "conduit; and a viscosimeter' including a resistor element ar ranged in said conveyingconduit, a gaugeoper-T ating on pressure differential between opposite :sides'of the resistor, and said'resistor being so disposed that its temperature is maintained'sub-v stantially constant whereby changes in the pressure' differential of the oil are indicative primarily of variations in theviscosity of the oil. e 24. Aninternal combustion engine including a crank case, the lower portion of, which i'sadapted to serve as are'seryoir for crank case oil, a partition in the crankcase segregating a well of oil from the main body of oil in the-reservoinsaid partition extending'to-substantially the high oil level, an opening in the partition and afilter" 5 covering said opening through'which oil'may flow by slow seepagejtoequalize levels in the reservoir and the well and a chassis-lubricatingpump in said Well. f q

i 25. An internalcombustionengine including a crank case, the lower portion of which is adapted to serveas a'reservoir for crank case oil,' a'partition in the crankcase'se'g'regating a well of oil from the main body of oil in the reservoir,

an opening inthe partition; a filter covering said opening through which oil may flow by slow seepage to equalize levels in, the reservoir and the well, and an engine oil cleaner receiving oil from the reservoir and feeding it into the well. a

26. An internal combustion engine including a crankcase, the lower portion of which is adapted to serve as'a' reservoir for crank case oil, a partition in the crank case segregating awell of oil fromthe main body of oil the res t ervoir, a filter in the partition permitting slow seepage of oil therethr ough to equalize levels in:

the reservoir and the well, and said crank case having an opening therein above the, wellf and through which :a pump unit for a chassis lubri-f catingsystem is adapted to beinserted.

'27., The combination with an engine crank case of a unitary'elon'gated motorand pump unit for a chassis lubric'atingsystem, said unit including" an elongated housing member adapted to be in--" serted through an opening in the crank case and t to depend into'the oil in thelatter, said housing member adjacent its upperend being, encircled by a supporting collar adapted to lie-againstthe outer surface of the crank casearoundsaid'open-l ing said unit at its upper end consisting of a:

,motor casing'and a movable actuating member in said casing and'at its lower end consisting ota pump casing and a movable liquid actuating member ingsaid pump casing, said unit also in cluding rigid connecting meansbetween said motor casingt and said pump casing, and actuating 7 connecting means 'betweensaid movable aotuating member 'and said liquid actuating "member, said collar being connected to said motor casing; and said, pump and'motor casing beinggunconnected and out of contact'with said crank case .exceptthrough said collar. a l 1 7 2,8. The combination with an engine crank case" of a unitary elongated motor and pump unit'for a chassis'lubricatin'g system, saidlunit including anfelongated' housing member adapted to be in serted through an opening in thecrank caSQto depend into the oilin the latter, said housing member adjacent "its upper end beingfencircled -byja supporting collar adapted to, lie against'the outer surface of the crank case around said opening,- said crank case surfacetbeing shaped. toprovide a platform for the, collar; and screws retaining the collar against the platform, said unit at its-upper end consisting of a motor casing and a movable [actuating member insaid'casingand at its lower and consisting of a pumpcasingttand a'=movable liquidactuating'member'in said pump casing,said unitalso including rigid connecting. means between said motor casing and sai d pump' V casing, and actuating'connecting I means" between said movable actuating member and said liquid aetuatingmember, said collar being connected to l said motorcasing'andsaid pumpand motor casing beingunconnected and outof contactjwith said crankcase except through said sonar.

29. The combination with an'engine "crank case having an'opening in' its topof aunitary .elon-* gated pump and motor unit for a chassis lubricating system inserted through said opening "and;

extending into the oil in'the crank case, said unit including an elongated cylindrical housing and a;

collar fixed to the upper end of the h'ousing'and limiting the insertion of the unit into the crank case, said unit at its, upper end consistin or a" 7 motor casingand a movable actuating member in-said casing and at'its lower end consisting of a pump casing and a movable liquid actuating, member in s'aid pump casing, said unit also in-'- eluding rigid connecting meansbetween said mo- I tor ca'sing and said pump casing, and actuating connecting means between said movable actuatmg member and said liquid actuating member,

said collar being connected to said motor casing;

and said pump and motorcasing being uncon nected andout 'of contact with said crank case exceptthrough said collar. 7

. 30. Thecombinationwith anjeng ine crankcase having an opening in its top iof' a pump and 7 motor unit for'a chassis lubricating s'ystem'insert'ed through said opening and extending into 7 the oil in the crank case, said unit includingan elongated housin'gfa-collar fixedto the-upperi l endoi the housing and limiting the insertion of,

the unit into the crank case, said housing being Y of smaller diameter than the opening and an oil delivery pipe leading fromalong the surface of the housing fromthe pump'lnto the collar.

31. The combination withan engine crankcase having an opening in its top, of a pump and i motorunit for a chassis lubricating system vin-- serted through said opening and extending into the oil in thecrank case, 'said unit including an;

elongated cylindrical housing, a collar fixed to the upper end of the'housing and limiting the'inser- 'tion of the unit into the crank case, said housing being of ;-smallerdiameter than the opening an oil delivery pipe leading from along the outer. surfaceof the housingfrom the pump into the collar and said collar being constructed to receive an outlet pipe to the distributing system and to provide communication between said pipes.

32- A unitary elongated motor and pump unit for a force feed centralized chassis lubricating system and the like, said unit adapted to be bodily inserted into the crank case of an engine and including a collar adjacent its upper end to limit the extent of its insertion, said unit at its upper end consisting of a motor casing and a movable actuating member in said casing and at its lower end consisting of a pump casing and a 'movable liquid actuating member in said pump casing, said unit also including rigid connecting means between said motor casing and said pump casing, and actuating connecting means between said movable actuating member and said liquid actuating member, said collar being connected to said motor casing, and said pump and motor casing being unconnected and out of contact with said crank case except through said collar.

33. A motor and pump unit for chassis lubrieating systems or the like, said unit including an elongated cylindrical casing, a reciprocatory inertia motor in the upper end of the casing and a plunger type force pump in the lower end of the casing directly connected to the motor, a filter-guarded passage-way through which oil may flow by gravity to immerse the pump when the lower end of the casing is immersed in oil, and a collar about the upper end of the casing for coaction with suitable supporting means.

34. A motor and pump unit for chassis lubricating systems or the like, said unit including an elongated cylindrical casing, a reciprocatory inertia motor in the upper end of the casing and a plunger type force pump in the lower end of the casing directly connected tothe motor, a filter guarded passage-way through which oil may flow by gravity to immerse the pump when the lower end of the casing is immersed in oil, a collar about the upper-end of the casing for coaction with suitable supporting means, said filter means comprising a. unitary assemblage bodily removable through the lower end of the casing.

35. A motor and pump unit for chassis lubrieating systems or the like, said uni-t including an elongated casing, a motor in the upper end of the casing and a force pump in 'the lower end of the casing operated by the motor, a filter guarded passage way through which oil may flow by'gravity to immerse the pump when the lower end of the casing is immersed in oil, a collar about the upper end of the casing for coaction with suitable supporting" means, and a pipe line leading along the exterior of the cylinder from the pump outlet to the collar, the collar being constructed to receive a discharge pipe and to provide connection between said pipes.

36. A motor and pump unit of the class described including an elongated cylindrical casing, acylindrical reinforcing and liner sleeve at the intermediate portion of thecasing, a pair of dished partition members force fitted into the ends of the sleeve and abutting the latter, closure members for the top and bottom'of the casing cooperating with the partition members to define an upper motor chamber, a lower pump chamber and an intermediate reservoir chamber and a connecting rod for the motor and pump having slide bearings in said partitions.

- 37:. A pumpand filter unit adapted to be immersed inoil, said unit including a casing, a

' with the passage partition block extending transversely thereof, a pumpof the self-porting and unpacked plunger type arranged in said partition block, saidblock having an opening therein through which oil mayfiow by gravity above the" partition to im- 5 merse'and supply the pump,.a filter assemblage guarding said passage, said filter assemblage comprising a cylindrical filter'pad, a bottom plate upon which the pad is secured and means to removably retain the bottom plate in position within the casing with the filter pad clamped between said plate and the partition block and way disposed interiorly of the filter pad.

38. A. pump and filter unit adapted to be immersed in oil, said unit including a casing; a partition block extending transversely thereof, a pump of the self-porting and unpacked-plunger type, arranged in said partition block, said block having an opening therein through which oil may fiow by gravity above the partition to immerse and supply the pump, a filter assemblage guarding said passage, said filter assemblage comprising a cylindrical filter pad, a bottom plate upon which the pad is secured and means to re-' movably retain the bottom plate in position within the'casing with the filter padclamped between said plate and the partition block and with the 1 passage way disposed interiorly of the filter pad,

said block and said plate having oppositely facing crank case of an engine and to derive oil therefrom, said unit includinga cylindrical casingan inertia motor in the upper end thereof and a minute capacity force pump of the self-porting plunger type mounted in the lowerend thereof and directly connected to the power element ofv the motor, and a resistor element also ar-' ranged within the casing and in the path 'of oil flow from the outlet side of the pump, and adapted to serve as the control device of a' viscosimeter.

40. A motor and pump unit-for eating systems adapte'd'to be mounted in the crank case of amengine and to derive oil therefrom, said unit including a casing, a motor in theupper end thereof, a force pump mounted in the lowerend thereof and connected to the motor, a resistor element adapted to serve as the control device of a viscosimeter, said element being arranged within the casing and in the path of oil flow from the outlet side of the pump, means to filter oil flowing to the pump and means to filter oil flowing t'othe resistor element after it has left the pump. V

41. A motor and pump unit for chassis lubrieating systems adapted to be mounted in an oil 60 reservoir, said unit including a casing, a motor in the upper endthereof and a force pump in the lower end thereof and connected to the motor,

a resistor element adapted to serve as the control device of a viscosimeter, said element being also arranged within the casing and in the path of oil flow from the outlet side of the pump, the pump including a supporting block element and 17,1118 lresistor comprising acartridge fixed in the oc r 42 A viscosimeter for fluid pressuresystems including an element in the flow lineof said systems which is highly resistant to flow and a differential pressure gauge to measure the pressure differentialbetween the inlet to and the ('5' chassis lubri- 5 11o means to maintain said element atwa relatively 1 s5 movement of the tube and a scale associated with 7 outlet from said element including a liduidetightcasing, a .Bourdon; tube within fthelcasing, an

indicator actuated by movement of the tube; a

'dial plate with which the indicator is adapted to 'coact; and means for placing the interior of the a tube and the interior of the casing respectively in communicationwith liquids, thexpressure difier -ential'of which is to be measured, said system's including a relatively-constant feed pump forcing,

lubricant through said flow line and also including constant temperature: l V. V

, 43.'A viscosimeter for fluid pressure systems including an element in the flow lineof said systems which'is highlyf resistant to flow anda' differential pressure gauge, connected to said'line' .at opposite sides of said element, said gaugeineluding a casing anda Bourdon tube therein; the

a tube being in communication with'the liquid in the line at one side of the resistance and the casingbeing in "communicationjwith the liquid in the line at the other'side o'f the resistance, said systems including a relatively constant feed pump g :1 forcing lubricant through saidflowline andalso including means to maintain said element at a relatiyelyconstant temperaturl- 5 including a resistor element in' thefflowline of' said system and, a differential pressure gauge .con-f 7 v ment, said," gauge including a in the line at opposite sides of the" resistance, means to maintainthe 're'sistorelement at nearly pressure systems nected to said line at opposite'si'des of said elecasing' and j a 'Bourdon tube respectively connected to the liquid constant 'temperatureja" pointer actuated by the pointer'to indicate the qualitybf the liquid passing through the resistor, said systems ing eluding a relatively constant feed pump forcing lubricant through'said flow line and also including means t 'maintain said element atfa relatively' fconstant temperature.

4 45. A chassis lubricating system -of the character which includes acentral reservoina continuously operating minute capacityforce pump,

c an oil distributing conduit into which lubricant from thereservoir is-force'd'bythe pump, said conduit having :outlets of invariant highflow resistance, a resistance element in the conduit" also 'ofhigh flowresistance and through whicl'i'oil must pass on its way to the outlets, a diiferential pressure gauge connected to the conduit line at opposite endsof said -resistance element and nearly constant temperature; a

46. A centralized chassis lubricating system including a reservoir, a force pump deriving oil from the reservoir and feedinglat nearly constant rate,

means to maintain thev resistance element at a a conduit ,line into which oil is continuously forced by the pump to1 its point of use,-landa viscosimeter including a, high fiownresistance element in the conduit line anda pressure gauge 7 connected to the line at Opposite sidesofsaid element, said resistance element being maintained at: a nearly constant temperature whereby uniform pump operation and a uniform resistance to flowat the conduit outlets permits the vis-r cosimeter to indicate the quality of the. oil being pumped through the conduit.

a'l. In a motor vehicle, the combination of engine having an oil sump, an automatic-pump ofsubstantially constant feed ratefor delivering oil from the sump to *the chassis bearings, and

means for indicating the viscosity of the oil in the sump, 'said'means comprisinga flow resistance of the enginestructure and disposed in the course of oil flow from the pumpto the chassis system and a differential pressure measuring gauge con nectedacross the terminals of said resistance.

f 48'. A central lubricating installation compris maintained under substantially the temperature ing a branched distribution system provided with V a single inlet conduit, restricted outlets associated with said, systemya' substantially continuously discharging relatively minutereciprocating pump atthe inlet andan additional restriction positioned upon said inlet between said pump I and ahead of the branching of the system; a

'49. 'A lubricant distributing installation coin-"1 prising a branched conduit system with a single inlet, a lubricant source of supplypa bonduit establishing communication between said source of supply and'said conduit system at said lubricant inlet, a multiplicityof bores'containing restricting pins in series associated with said'communicating conduit and a' multiplicity jof bores containing vpinslin parallel associated with the outlets of said branched conduit system,-the first of said series pins being movable, in respect to its bore to pump lubricant and the remaining series and the parallel pins being substantially fixed in position'in respect to their-bores.

- so, In a central chassis lubricating installation, distributing piping system, having highlyrestrict ed calibrated flow control fittings :atth-e outlet branches thereof, a, force pump of minute capace,

f ity "at the inlet tothe system, apressure-multi plying mechanical transmission converting a rel V atively low pressureimpulse applied in the motion a of the vehicle into, a relatively high pressure expelling stroke of the pump and a:restriction positioned between said pump'and the inlet to said system having substantially higherrestricting effect than saidflow control fit'ting s.

" 51: A'chassisllubricating apparatus including a lubricant-filled, pressureftight distributing conduit; system} highly restricted flow-controlling outlets at the points of lubricant delivery, a'reservoir, a force pump of minute yolu'me deriving I 7 its charge from the reservoir and feeding it into the inlet of the distributing syStemQanVinertia" 7 including an inertia weight as the powerelement,

, motor deriving energy from vehicle vibrationand T saidwei'ght being directlyconnectedto-the expelling element of the force pump'whereby minute charges of lubricant are forced into the system' at rapidly succeeding intervals to maintain asubstantially continuous and relative slow flow from the outlets duringoperation of the'vehicle and a restriction positioned-between said pump and the inlet to said system having substantially higher restricting effect than said flowcon'trol fittings.

52. A chassis lubricating system of the charac 1' ter which includes a central reservoir, alubricant force pump, an oil distributing conduit into which pump, said conduit having outlets of invariant high flow resistance, a resistance element in the conduit also of high flow resistance and through which oil must pass 'onitsl way-to the outlets, and a difierential pressure device connectedto the conduit line atopposite sides 'of said resistance element and actuatedby the change in lubricant pressure thereacross.

53. In a lubricant fiow system, a pump for sub- 7 stantiallycontinuously feeding lubricant into the system at a substantially uniform rate, means for j 7 indicating the viscosity of the oil including an 7 element of invariant high flow resistance in the flow line and a pressure gauge connected to the 60; lubricant from the reservoir is forced by "the' flow line at said element, said element being disposed in a position where its temperature is maintained nearly uniform.

54. In a lubricant fiow system, a means for substantially continuously feeding lubricant into the system at a substantially uniform rate, means indicating the viscosity of the oil including an element of invariant high flow resistance in the flow line and a differential pressure gauge connected to the flow line at opposite sides of said element, and means to maintain the temperature of the flow line substantially constant at the region of the resistance element.

55. In an automobile lubricant flow system, a means for substantially continuously feeding lubricant into the system at a substantially uniform rate, means for indicating the viscosity of the oil including an element of invariant high flow resistance in the fiow line and a difierential pressure gauge connected to the flow line at opposite sides of said element, said resistance element being arranged within the crank case.

56. In an automobile lubricant fiow system, a means for substantially continuously feeding lubricant into the system at a substantially uniform rate, means for indicating the viscosity of the oil including an element of invariant high flow resistance in the flow line and a differential pressure gauge connected to the flow lineat opposite sides of said element, said resistance element being arranged in the water jacket of the engine. 57. A detachable pump and filter unit to be inserted into a lubricant pocket forming a part of the structure to be lubricated, having an opening in the top thereof to receivevsaid unit, and adapted to be immersed in oil, said unit including an elongated supporting structure, a pump of the self-porting and unpacked plunger type, having a pump block at the lower end of the structure, said block having an opening therein through which oil may flow by gravity to supply the pump, a filter assemblage guarding said passage, said filter assemblage comprising a filter pad, a plate upon which the pad is secured and means to removably retain the filter in position on said plate and an automatically driven reciprocating motor and a supporting collar at the upper end of said structure, said collar having screw connections to the upper edge of said pocket.

JOSEPH BIJUR.

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