US2047027A - Scraper with scoop lift mechanism - Google Patents

Description

` Julyv, 1936. C. LE BLU 2,047,027

SCRAPER WlTH ISCOOI.7 LIFT MECHANISM Filed Apil 8, 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet l A Mom ey July 7, 1936. c. E BLEU n 2,047,027

SCRAPER WITH SCOOP LIFT MECHANISM Filed April 8, 1932 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 F 1:1. EWY is 43 `Q f-x 44 3g o o O 5 26 "o (/5 A Z5 i, o Il a/z/ n' l n' /7 L.?0 u 72 F'il2l- 4s y 27 /f .3- 4/ -a 2g' 4 46 i5 O l 7 y 76 i 7 Z7 4;

0 0,77/ 24 44 o Q O o o.. l o g Inventor Attorney July-7,1936. LE BLEU 2,047,027

SCRAPER WITH SCOOP LIFT MECHANISM Inventor Attorney July 75 1936. C. LE BLEU 2,047,027

SCRAPER WITH' SCOOP LIFT MECHANISM Filed April e, 1952 y5 sheets-sheet 4 Inventor liomey July 7, 1936. c. LE BLEU v 2,047,027

' SCRAPER WITH SCOOP LI'FT MECHANISM Filed April 8, 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Inventor Homey Patented July 1, 193s .UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,047,027 K SCRAPER SCOOP DIECHANISM Charles `Le Bleu, Los Angeles, Calif., assignerl to Davenport Manufacturing Company, Los Angeles, Calif., a corporation of California Application April s, i932, serial No. 663,959 z claims. (orsi- 129i This invention relates to a scraper adapted to be drawn` across the surface 'of the ground and provided with a scoop or bowl and novel means for controlling the position of the bowl. Wheeled scrapers have heretofore been provided having scoops which can be set at various angles for loading, carrying and dumping. Such bowls have A when carrying a load and the angle when loading are dependent on the height of the pivotal axis above the ground. It is well known ythat the greater the angle at which the bottom and blade are presented to the ground in loading, the greater will be the power required to force the dirt v obstruction without digging into the. latter and with a hat angle for loading, a minimum of power is required.

The primary object of this invention is to provide a scraper having a bowl so mounted and controlled that a high lift in carryingmay be obtained and a flat angleof the bottom and blade in loading. Another object of this invention is the provision of a scraper wherein the rear end of the bowl may be moved toward the ground as y the front end is moved awayirom thev ground so as to retain dirt, and when the limit of the rear,`

end movement ,has been reached, the bowl as a whole mores upwardly. In addition to the' broader objects of this invention, there are other more specicobjects which may be obtainedl by a scraper havingv any or all of the following features: A scraper having 'a bowl the level of whose pivotal suspension from the scraper frame may be selectively adjusted; a bowl control mechanisin whereby the angle of the cutting edge presented to the ground may be altered at will; a

scraper in which the bowl may be bodily lifted;

and hydraulic means for bodily vlifting the bowl and hydraulic means for tilting the bowl.

These objects together with other objects which will be apparent from the'subjoine'd description are obtained by means of the embodiment of my ings. in whichz- Fig. 1- is a side elevation of a wheeled scraper with bowl in' carrying position and a fragment of the. tractor; Fig. 2 is a plan view of a lateral fragment; Figs. 3 and 4 are side elevations showing the bowl in loading and dumping positions respectively; Fig. 5 is a side elevation partly in section'on an enlarged scale of the upper hydrauinvention illustrated in the accompanying drawlicl4 cylinder for controlling the elevation of the l0 tilting axis; Fig. 6 is a section as seen on the line E-S of Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is a section as seen on the line 1 -1 of Fig. 1, on an enlarged 'scalefshowing the valve mechanism for controlling the hydraulic cylinder; Figs. 8, 9 and 10 are sections on an 15 enlarged scale as seen on the lines correspondinglynumbered in Fig-'7; Figs. 11 and 12 are sections as seen on the lines correspondingly numbered in Fig. 9; Fig. 13 is a perspective view of one of the valve plugs. e j

Referring more particularly to the drawings and especiallyt'o Fig. 1, va supporting frame A carries a movable scoop B. The frame is supported upon rear wheels C and at the front by a coupling to a tractor D. The frame comprises side bars l5. Depending from the side bars are bracket arms I6. Pivotally secured to the bracket arms are swing links Il. The scoop B comprises side walls I8, and a back I9.' A removable bottom 20 is secured to the.` scoop by means of bolts 2l.

There is also a removable digging blade 22 similarly secured to the bottom of the scoop.V A blade, not shown.

; may be attached to the rear wall of the scoop 'when the bottom is removed and the machine operated as a leveller. Swing links I'l are pivotally connected to the side walls I8 of the scoop Y and support the latter at the front about a pivotal axis 23. This is a turning axis for tilting the scoop. A shaft 24 is journalled in bearings mounted on the side bars and is provided at its ends-with crank arms 25.` The crank arms 25 are secured by rocker bars 26 to .the swing links l1 intermediatethe ends of the latter. Theconstruction is such that when the shaft 24 is turned the elevation of the turning axis 23 ofthe scoop is raised or lowered. At the center of shaft-24 is a crank arm 21' which is pivotally secured to the outer end'of a piston rod 28. 'The Vpiston rod is moved by apiston within a. hydraulic cylinder 29 which is pivotally secured at 30 to a bracket supported by a frame A. The hydraulic cylinder is double acting and with its piston constitutes a thrust member which is extensible.

It controls the swinging of links I1 and thereby the level of the turning axis of the scoop.

Secured to the scoop at its rear is a bracket '3| to which a piston rod 32 is pivotally secured.

The piston rod is operated from the piston in a double acting cylinder 33. The hanger comprising cylinder 33 and piston 32 may maintain the rear of the scoop in position such that the bottom is substantially horizontal. It is obvious that the scoop may be tilted by contracting or expanding the thrust hanger. Referring to Fig. 3,- the scoop is shown in loading position. The thrust member comprisingcylinder 29 and piston 28 has been expanded to lower the turning axis 23. The scoop may be tilted from the position shown in Fig. 1 by raising its rear, the height of the scoop above the ground being controlled by the position of the turning axis. It will be noted from Fig. 3 that the scoop may have its bottom disposed in a substantially flat position so that a minimum of force will be required to load. Any digging angle may be obtained by raising and lowering the rear end of the scoop through the thrust hanger and any depth of cut by raising or lowering the turning axis. In Fig. '4 the scoop is shown in dumping position. In practice with the conventional types of Scrapers a clearance of only about two inches above the ground is obtained. 'I'his is entirely inadequate forwork because vin many instances such as building up of bridge approaches, building levees, raised road beds, etc., there will be a mound of earth such as the rim of an embankment between the tractor and scoop and, unless the scoop can be left high enough to clear this obstruction, it will dig into the latter as the tractor advances. With my improved scraper the scoop can be set ilat on the ground or at any desiredA angle for taking the load and may be lifted high oi the ground for transporting the load. 'I'his height may be from I6 to 24 inches in practical scrapers.

The hydraulic mechanism for operation of the scoop comprises the cylinder 33 having a piston 35 reciprocatingly mounted therein. The head 3 6 of the cylinder has an extension chamber therein and a pipe 31 which is connected by suitable iittings to a ow line 38. .A branch 39 connected to the cylinder 33 has a valve casing 40 with a check valve enabling outward iiow therethrough from the cylinder. VAt the other end of the cylinder 33 is a pipe 4| connected into the head and to a flow line 42. A branch 43 connects line 42 to the cylinder. Fluid under pressure is supplied to one end of cylinder 33 through one flow line and exhausted from the other end through the other ilow line. Control of the ow is effected by a valve mechanism hereafter described, pressure fluid being supplied by a continuously operating pump in the nature of a fluid transmission system with a storage tank on the intake. side of the pump. Provision is made in the valve mechanism to by-pass fluidin positions wherein piston 35 is intermediate its extreme end positions. If the piston 35 is at its extreme left end position. it will have uncovered the port opening 39a of the branch 39. Pressure fluid to attain the left end position of piston 35 will have entered the right hand end of the piston by way of line 42. It will be apparent that pressure iiuid may continue to flow through the cylinder from line 42 and by way of branch 39 and line 38 return to the pump by way of the storage tank, thereby preventing stalling of the pump. If thedlowof pressure fluid is reversed to move the piston 35 to the right, uid will enter the left hand end of cylinder 33 by way of line 38 and branch 31, the valve 40 preventing entrance of pressure fluid to the other side of the piston. At the right hand position of the piston, port 43a will be uncovered and fluid may 5 flow through the cylinder from line 38 by -way vof'branch 43 and return to the pump through line 42. This prevents stalling of the pump. As the weight of the scoop tends to draw the piston 35 to the left, no check valve in branch 43 is necessary to start the piston in its travel. Cylinder 29 has an extension head 44 'similar to head 36 on cylinder 33 and a flow line 45 is connected thereto. This flow line has no branch. At the opposite end of cylinder 29 a flow line 46 is connected thereto having branches 41 and 48 entering the cylinder. The operation is similar to that of cylinder 33. However, since the scoop B in its lowest digging or loading position would engage the vground at its nose, the piston would 20 be prevented from reaching the extreme left hand position and no by-pass in the cylinder is necessary at the left end.

Referring to Figs. 7 to 13, a valve cylinder 49 l has flow lines 38 and 4 2 connected to its sides 25 adjacent one end angularly spaced to one another. Flow lines 45 and 46 are `connected to the sides of cylinder 49 at the opposite ends at angularly spaced distances of 90 and angularly intermediate the connections of flow lines 38 and 30 42. Rotatably mounted on cylinder 49 are valve plugs 50a and 50h of similar construction, one being shown in Fig. 13 and marked with reference numerals having no alphabetical afilx. The plugs have bosses 5Ia and 5Ib extending from the ends and abutting each other as shown in Figs. 8 and l1. These plugs are independently rotatable and the construction provides an annular channel 52 in the casing. Intermediate the ends of the plugs are channels or ports 53a and 53h extending over about 90 of the surface of the plugs and opening to the diametrically opposite sides by ports 54a and 54h. Ports 55a, 55h, 56a', and 56h open through the periphery of the plugs at ports 90 to ports 54a and 52h and extend through the inner faces of the plugs to channel 52. From the ends of the plugs operating stems 51a and 51h extend passing through the heads in valve cylinder 49. In the valve casing 49 extending longitudinally thereof is a passage 58 having ports opening through to the bore of the casing in circumferentialalinement with ports 53a and 54a and ports 53h and 54h. Diametrically opposite to passage 58 is a passage 59 opening at its ends to the bore of the casing in circumferential alinement with channel 52 and ports 53h and 54h. The casing 49 has a pump dischargeline 60 opening to the bore of the casing through an inlet port 60a in'alinement with ports 53a and 54a. A pump intake line 6i is connected to the casing 60 through an outlet port Bla in line with channel 52.-

I Assuming, the valve plugs are in the position shown in Fig. 8, pressure fluid from the pump may pass by way of pump discharge line 69, ports 65 60a, 53a, 54a, channel 58, portsf53b, 54h, channel 59, chamber 52 and port lila to the pump intake line 6I. The ports 38a, 42a, 45a and 46a leading from flow lines 38, 42, 45 and 4G to the cylinders 33 and 29 are closed. The pistons in 70v Y from pump discharge line 69 passes through the 75 tion, port 55b'registers with port 42a. Line 39 is ports in plug 59a. to channel 59, by way of ports 53h, 54h and 39a to ilow line 39. In this posi- 33. The intake line 6| of the pump is connected by wayof chamber 52, ports 56h and2a to flow .line 42 leading' to the right hand end of cylinder .33.. When pistonv 35 has reached its desired position, plug h is turned to neutral or locking position asshown in Fig. 10. If the plug is maintained in the position for moving piston 35 untilj the latter reaches the right hand end of cylinder 33, duid may continue to flow from the discharge line 69 to the intake line 5I of the pump through port 43a and fiow line 4,2 so that the pump is not stalled. 'To move the piston- 35 to the left, plug 50h .is turned to register port 54h with port 42a and port h with port 38a. The flow is then reversed. Suppose the plugs are in locked position and it is desired to operate cylinder 29 and plug 59a is turned to register port 54a with port 45a. Fluid from the pumpdischarge line 60 passes through ports 60a, 53a, 54a, and 45a to ow line 45 and thence tothe left hand end of cylinder 29. `In this position of plug 59a, port 56a. registers with port 46a and fluid may pass from the right hand end'of cylinder 29 by way of flow line 46",

" ports 46a, 56a, chamber 52 to pump intake line 6l. By registering port 54a with port 46a, and port 55a' with port 45a, fluid flows from the pump in reverse direction. Obviously either cylinder 29 or 33 or both may be operated as desired without stalling the.pump.

For convenient manipulation 'of the plugs, a crank arm 62a is connected to shaft 51a and a crank arm 62h to shaft 51h. These crank arms are operated by link rods and vbell cranks from crank handles 63a and 53h. A- supply tank `94 is interposed between lthe casing 49 and pump intake, the pumpfbeing indicated by in Fig. '1.

Y In order to balance pressures on the peripheries of the plugs, tubes 56 are suitably connected to channels 61 and recesses. As theseform no part oi the present invention they are not described in detail.

When the bowl isin the position shown in Fig.

3, the valve mechanism may be operated to adlowering the rear of the bowl. Without changing the position of thevalve plug 50h, the valve plug 59a may be operated to admit pressure iiuid to the left hand end of cylinder 29, raising the bowl as a whole. Operation of plug 59a as descoop, trunnions carried the scoop and adjacent rear edge of the scoop,

scribed will shut of! the ow of iiuid to cylinder 33, but the piston in the latter may move to its outer left'hand position creating a partial vacuum 'behind it What I claim is: 5 1. A dirt moving device comprising a running gear, a frame carried thereby and adapted to be mounted in a substantially horizontal position, pivot brackets on said frame, swing links pivotally lconnected. `by their front ends to said 10 brackets and adapted toV extend rearwardly and to swing vertically, a scoop disposed between elements of the frame, trunnions' carried by the scoop onthe opposite sidesthereof and adjacent tothe entering edge off'the scoop whereby the 15 scoop may be given bodily vertical adjustment and may rotate onsaid trunnions, said trunnions being pivotally supported by rigid mechanical linkage pivoted upon the frame and engaging said swing links adjacent to the trunnions, pneumati- 2i) cally operated means foi-moving said linkage and for positively holding the same in a set position, a

thrust hanger structure mounted at its forward end to a fixed pivot'disposed forwardly of the scoop and carried by the frame; means pivotally- 25 connecting the free end structure withg the upper rear edge of the scoop,

' and fluid pressure means embodied in said thrust hanger structure to swing the scoop upon the axis of its trunnions and to positively hold the scoop 30 in a set position.

Y 2. A dirt moving device comprising a running gear, a'frame carried thereby, a=scoop adapted to be supported by the Vrunning gear, a bracket rigidly secured to the frame .in advance of the 35 at the opposite sides of theforward lower edge thereof, swinging links pivoted to the brackets and trunnions, an operating shaft pivotally mounted' upon the irame and thereabove, said shaft being disposed at a point intermediate the ends of the swinging links, crank arms pivoted upon Y the shaft for vertical swinging movement, rocker bars pivotally connected to the free ends of the crank arms and to the swinging links, the last" named pivots being disposed slightly in advance of the connection of the swinging links with, the trunnions, arigid bracket carried by the upper hydraulic lack pivotally Y 'connected therewith and pivotally'connected to the'main frame, a power lever pivotally connected to the shaft of the crank arms, a hydraulic cnsarnsm Buro;

of said thrust hanger

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