US2046655A - Filing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Q y E. SCHOLFIELD ET AL 55 FILING APPARATUS.

Filed March 22, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet l Ema jchoi' z a @005 2r fczwyzzag Qwomtou X July 7, 1936. E. SCHOLFIELD ET AL FILING APPARATUS 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 22, 1932 gmntow E. SCHOLFIELD ET AL FILING APPARATUS July 7, 1936.

Filed March 22, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 gmentow July 7, 1936- E. SCHOLFIELD ET AL FILING APPARATUS Filed March 22, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented July 7, 1936 PATENT OFFICE FIIJNG APPARATUS Ethel Scholfield and Cecil H. Scholfield, Yonkers, N. Y., assignorsto Scholfield Service, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application March 22, 1932, Serial No. 600,514

27 Claims; (01. 129-16.)

,This invention relates to a new and improved filing apparatus. More particularly, it relates to a filing apparatus of the type in which cards or the like are mounted for convenient access upon the periphery of a rotatable drum. The invention consists of certain combinations of parts, and details of construction hereinafter described.

It is an object of the present invention to mount the rotatable card-carrying drum in a novel manner.

It is a further object to provide the drum with a substantially water and fireproof housing of special type, and the details of construction of the housing are important features of the invention. It is a further object of the invention to mount a. battery of card-carrying drums in an appropriate supporting structure, in a desk or table in such manner that the individual drums may be independently installed or removed therefrom. Another object of the invention is to provide a rotatable card-carrying drum with a brake device which will permit free rotation of the drum in one direction, but will restrain rotation thereof in the opposite direction. The brake is preferably constructed in such manner that the drum may be rotated backwardly upon the application of deliberate pressure in that direction, but free rotation will be restrained. A brake of this type is advantageous, because it has been found that the disposition of the cards upon the periphery of the drum gives the drum a tendency to rotate in a, direction away from the operator and rock to a stop. This tendency is explained by the fact that an operator spreads the cards apart at a;

point below the top of the drum on the forward portion of the periphery, and consequently forces a greater number of cards to the rear side of the drum" than are present on the front side. The.

weight of the increased number of cards on the rear peripheral portion "ofthe drum naturally gives the drum a. tendency to rotate rearwardly to balance itself. Also, because the cards move freely on the rod they naturally, by their own weight tend to pack in the lower half of the drum and to loosen at the highest point, causing the greater number of cards always to be on the rising portion of the wheel, thus increasing the rearward rotational tendency. This is inconvenlent to the'operator because the drum must be held by hand against rotation when a. particular card is being inspected. In accordance, with our invention the brake device permits the drum to be rotated forwardly with case, but prevents its natural backward rotation, unless deliberate pres sure in that direction is applied, with the result that, after a particular card has been exposed to view by spreading the cards apart, the drum need not be manually retained in place.

The broad idea of providing a brake of this type in combination with a rotatable card-carrying 5 drum is an important feature of the present invention. Also, the specific details of construction of this brake are important.

Itis a further object of the invention to provide a drum of novel specific form. The drum is 10 preferably made of a plurality of sheet-metal parts, which may be stamped, spun or drawn to the desired form. The drum is preferably provided with a central eye which receives anti-fric tion bearings. 15

' Certain other objects and advantages of the invention will appear as the specification proceeds.

In the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to like parts through- 20 out the several views;

Figure 1 is a side elevation of one form of the invention;

Figure 2 is an end elevation of the devices of Figure 25 Figure 3 is an end elevation, partly in section of a second form of the invention;

Figure 4 is a sectional elevation taken on section lines 4-4 of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the 30 drum and brake mechanism;

Figure 6 is a side elevation partly in section of the drum and brake;

Figure .7 is a detail view of the socket which supports the shaft of the drum; 35

Figure 8 is a detail view of the card-supporting means;

Figure 9 is a. vertical sectional view of a. modified form of drum;

I Figure 10 is a. side elevation of the drum shown 40 in Figure 9;

Figure 11 is a vertical sectional view of a. drum having associated therewith a modified form of brake device; and

Figure 12 is a side elevation of the device of 45 Figure 11 with certain parts broken away to show the interior of the brake device.

Referring to Figure 1, the filing apparatus of our invention is shown as including a. supporting frame comprising leg members l0, struts ll, 50 cross-bars I2, and a. horizontal shaft l3 secured at its ends in the bars ILOLblQlfiOkfitiiiliLilB-I other points, and the ends of shaft l3 may be disposed in sockets as shown in Figure 7.. A pair of pins or bolts l6 constitute a second connection between the frame l and the lower housing sec tion; and prevent rotation of the latter on the shaft l3. It will be noted that this section of the housing completely substantially encloses the lower half of the card-carrying drum Id.

The housing further comprises a substantially semicylindrical upper section I1, and this section is rotatably mounted on the shaft l3, or on appropriate bolts supporting the lower section, so that it can be oscillated from an open to closed position. It overlies the lower section l as shown in Figure 1, when in the open position, and when in the closed position, it encloses the upper half of the drum. In this position the forward edge I8 of the cover section substantially coincides with the upper forward edge IQ of the lowerhousing section. The pins or bolts I6,

which extend between the lower section l5 and the frame l0, function as a stop to limit the.

opening movem'entof the upper section I! by abutting contact of the rear lower edge 20 of the cover with pin IS. The upper section is provided with a handle 2| and any desired locking arrangement may be used to secure the cover in closed position.

It will thus be noted that the lower housing section l5, the upper housing section II, and the rotatable card-carrying drum 54 may be all mounted upon and supported by the shaft 13 extending between the cross-bars I2.

Two alternative specific constructions of preferred forms ofcard-carrying drums are: shown in Figures 5 and 9. The form shown in Figure 5 comprises a. pair of central webs 22 which are provided with an eye, carrying anti-friction bearings 23. These bearings have an inner race which is secured on reduced portions 24 of the shaft l3. The drum further comprises an annular rim member 25 secured by spot-welding or the like to flanges or shoulders 26 formed integrally on the webs 22. The rim member is preferably formed of sheet-metal and is a channel or U-section. It comprises sides 21 and an inner peripheral bottom surface 28 which is mounted on the aforementioned. flanges or shoulders 26 of the webs 22.

As a means for securing the cards within said U-section rim member, I provide an annular metallic band or rod 29 supported in spaced relation from the surface 26 by means of a plurality of flattened pins 30 as is clearly shown in Figure 8. The inner ends 3| of these pinsare placed in tapering apertures 32 in thesurface 28, and

are then expanded by'a punch or the like.v Of course, the pins could readilybe secured in any other approved manner.

The shaft l3 upon which the druml4 is journaled extends outwardly a short distance fromthe two ends of the drum, and is provided with terminal portions 33' which may be squared,

slotted, or otherwise shaped to prevent rotation of the shaft in its supporting sockets.

The cards 36 which are used with the filing apparatus of our invention are provided vwith substantially ellipsoidal apertures 36 adapted to be received upon the rod 29-to retain the cards in place thereon. The aperture 36 communicates through a slot 31 with the lower margin of the card so that the card may be placed upon the od by spreading the portions thereof adjacent the slot. This slot is of substantially the same width as the transverse thickness of the pins 30 so that the pins will notinterfere with the movement of the cards circumferentially of the drum.

The specific form of drum shown in Figure 9 is peculiarly advantageous because it may be formed by spinning the several parts to the desired form. Preferably, it is made of sheet aluminum, although any other material capable of being spun, stamped or drawn to the desired form "may be used. The drum shown comprises apair of central head members 22a having antifriction bearings. 23a secured within a central eye thereof. Each head is provided with a. laterally turned annular shoulder 260., having aradially extending marginal flange 21a. which may conveniently be provided with a. beaded edge as shown. In this form of drum we do not use a U-section rim member, but on the other hand it is only necessary to provide a flat cylindrical band supported at its edges by the shoulders 26m. Instead of using this simple form, and securing a card-carrying rod thereto, in substantially the manner as described above in connection with thedevice of Figure 5, we find it desirable to form the card-retaining member integrally with therim member. To accomplish this purpose, the rim member is made up of two sections 28a, 28b and each section is provided with an outwardly extending radial flange 30a, 30b disposed adjacent each other. One of these flanges is turned over the other one, substantially as disclosed in the drawings, and a card-retaining rod, or rail, 29a is thus formed. The sev-- eral parts of the drum may be secured together by a plurality of spaced pins 22b.

It will thus be seen that the radial flange portion 21a and the fiat cylindrical band members 28a perform the same function as the U-section rim member of the device shown in Figure 5,

while the card-retaining member 29a functions in precisely the same manner as the rod 29 of the previously described structure. The modifiedform shown in Figure 9 is advantageous because it is well adapted for manufacture by metal-'- spinning processes.

In Figures 3 and 4 we have shown a form of the invention inwhich a plurality of drums are mounted in ,a table or desk. The table top is provided with an opening through which a portion of the periphery of each drum'projects for convenient access by the operator. It is desirable that this opening be of a size sufiicient to permit the individual drums to be passed therethrough for independent installation and removal.

A plurality of cross-bars 40 extend transversely of the table below the top thereof and are supported at theirends by attachment to the side rails M of the table. Each of the bars is provided with a socket member 42 having therein a recess 43,, which 'is adapted to receive and support the end 33 of a shaft [3. Obviously, the sockets may be of any desired angular shape, and the term square is intended to cover any shape or form. whatsoever which will prevent rotation of the shaft therein. .As a result of this construction acomplete drum and its shaft may 7 be dropped through, the opening in the table top and the terminal portionspf the shaft l3 will bereceived and supported in the sockets 42 on the cross-bars 40. The fact'that the recess 43 in each socket member is squared or otherwise angularly shaped, and opens upwardly, is important because it prevents rotation of the shaft in the socket, and permits the ready installation and removal of each drum without the necessity of mg tools or ,implements of any kind.

It will be noted that certain of the bars 40 are provided with socket members 42 on opposite sides thereof and directly in line with each other. This permits a minimum number of crossbars to support a maximum number of drums in correct alignment. In order to restrain a rearward rotation of the drum, unless deliberate pressure in that direction is applied thereto, a one-way clutch or brake device is associated therewith, and two preferred forms of such brake will now be described. In the first form, one end of the shaft i8 is provided with an elongated reduced portion No. One inner bearing race is mounted on the inner end'of this portion and a washer- 45 is placed thereon adjacent to the outer face of the race. A brake disc 46 is mounted on the shaft adjacent the washer 45, and a friction ring 4'! is mounted for relative rotary movement on an axially projecting central boss 48 of the brake disc 46. A pair of lock nuts 49 and 50 and an appropriate washer 5| are provided for determining the frictional drag between the: brake disc 46, friction ring 41 and the other parts mounted on the stationary shaft l3.

The brake disc as is provided with a plurality of peripheral ratchet teeth 52. 'One or more spring-pressed pawls 53 are secured to the web 22 of the 'drum to rotate therewith in operative relation to the ratchet teeth 52. The teeth and pawls are .50 disposed that a forward movement of the drum is permitted by an overrunning action of the pawls and teeth. A backward rotation of the drum, however, is prevented by reason of the pawls catching in the teeth and transmitting the rotary driving force from the drum to the disc '46. The frictional mounting of this disc retards the rotation of the drum and prevents it from moving in a rearward direction an appreciable.

extent, but preferablydoes not bring it to a sudden stop. Consequently, no jar or shock of sufficient force to disarrange the cards is occasioned by the operator removing his hand from the drum.

The modified form of brake device disclosed in Figures 11 and 12 functionsin substantially the same manner as the brake described immediately above, but'comprises certain difierent structural features. Instead of using an overrunning clutch of the pawl and ratchet type, this embodiment of the invention includes a clutch .of the type in which a plurality of rollers are disposed in in-l clined slots formed on the periphery of a. clutch hub, and these rollers are adapted toeflect a driving connection between theclutch hub and a cylindrical sleevedisposed in close fitting relation around the hub. Preferably, the sleeve is frictionally mounted to rotate with the and v the hub is liked to the stationary shaft"upon which'the drum is journaled. Means are providedfor varying the frictional connection between the drum and sleeve, whereby, when the sleeve is held stationary by the rollers, the drum may be rotated rearwardly upon the application of varying degrees of deliberate pressure.

Referring to Figure 11, a drum of the same type as is disclosed in Figure 9 is shown. A shaft l3 having squared, or otherwise .angularly shaped, terminal portions 33, supports the drum on appropriate bearings, as described above. A

clutch hub 60 is secured to a central portion of the shaft and this hub isprovided with a plurality of slots 6| which are inclined to a plane tangential to the periphery of the hub. An outer clutch sleeve surrounds the hub and is frictionally mounted for rotation with the drum by being clampedbetween a par of plates 63, 64. These plates are mounted on pins 85, 66, which extend through appropriate openings in one head 22a of the drum. Each pin is provided with a head 61 and with a short turning rod orthe like 68 to facilitate manual rotation of the pins. A sleeve 69 surrounds each pin adjacent the head 61, and this sleeve extends inwardly through the opening in the head of the drum and its inner end constitutes an abutment which limits the axial movement of the plate 64. I I preferably interpose a spring washer or the like between the abutment surface and the plate. The other plate 63 is provided with threaded apertures 10 through which the threaded ends of the pins 65, 66 extend.

'The clutch sleeve 62, as stated above, is clamped between the plates 63, 64, and preferably its ,two ends are seated respectively in annular grooves 1 I, 12 in the inner faces of these plates.

A roller I5 is disposed in each of the slots 6| formed on the periphery of the clutch hub 60. It will be apparent, from a consideration of Figure 12, that when the drum, clamping plates, and clutch sleeve 62 are rotated in a clockwise direc-- tion, the rollers I5 will be forced into the deepest portion of each of thelslots GI and will move out.

of driving engagement with the sleeve. Consequently, movement in a clockwise direction (Figure 12) is unrestrained. If the drum and associated parts are rotated in a counter-clockwise direction, the rollers 15 will be moved outwardly in the inclined slots and will come in contact with the inner periphery of the clutch sleeve 62. They will be tightly wedged in this position by a slight rotation in acounter-clockwise direction and a rigid driving connection between the sleeve and the hub'will be established. This driving cOnmotion would prevent the rotation of the drum in that direction, were it not for the frictional mounting of the sleeve 62 between the plates 63,

64. This frictional mounting is such that the drum may be turned upon the application of ileliberate pressure because there will be a frictional slippage between the clamping plates and the clutch sleeve. a

It will be apparent that the clamping action of adjusting pins 65, 66 The spring washers interposed between the sleeves 69 andthe plate 54 so the two plates may be varied by rotating th R 1 the devices shown in thespeci fic embodiments of the invention described above, and such equiva-.

lent constructions are also within the scope of our invention. 5 'It will be seen that wehave' disclosed a specific form of apparatus which accomplishesthe stated objects of the invention. Certain modifications of structural details will readily occurto one skilled in the art, and such modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims are included in our invention.

We claim: 1. A filing apparatus comprising in combination, a supporting frame, a housing, and a rotatable card-carrying drum disposed in'said housing, said frame including a substantially horizontallydisposed supporting shaft, said housing comprising a stationary substantially semi-cylindricah lower section, and an oscillatable upper section 'rotatably mounted on said horizontally disposed supporting shaft, said drumcomprising a cardcarrying peripheral portion and a central hearing portion journaled in axial alignment with said supporting shaft, whereby. rotation of said drum exposes successive cards on said peripheral portion above said lower housing section, said upper housing section being coaxial with, said drum and with said lower section and being movable to an open position juxtaposedto said lower housing section to expose substantially the upper half of said drum, said upper housing section being movable to aclosed position overlying said half of said drum to substantially completely enclose the same.

2. A filing apparatus comprising in combina-' tion a. supporting frame, a housing, and a rotatable card-carrying drum disposed in said housing, said frame including a substantially horizontal shaft, said housing comprising a stationarysubstantiall'y semicylindrical lower section supported at least partially by said shaft and an oscillatable substantially semicylindricalupper section rotatably mounted on said shaft, said drum compris ing a card-carrying peripheral portion and a con- 45 tral bearing portion-journaled on said shaft,

whereby rotation of said drum exposes successive cards on said peripheral portion above said lower housing section, said upper housing section being coaxial with said drum and saidlower section and 9 being movable to an open position adjacent said lower housing section to expose substantially the upper half of said drum, said upper housing section being movable to a closed position overlying said half of said drum to substantially completely- 55 enclose the same.

,3. A filing apparatus comprising a rotatable card-carrying drum adapted to be carried by a support therefor, said drum comprising a plurality of sheet metal heads, each head having an eye provided with an anti-friction bearing and having an annular portion turned laterally to provide a shoulder. concentric to said bearing, said drum further comprising an annular rim member secured to said annular shoulders of said webs, a continuous rib ri'gidlysecured to said rim member to retain a plurality of cards on the-periphery thereof, and a shaft carried by said support and upon which said drum is journaled.

70 4. A filing apparatus comprising a rotatable.

card-carrying drum adapted to be carried by a support therefor, said drum comprising aplural- .ity of central webs, each web having an eye provided with an anti-friction bearing and each web I5 having an annul'arportion thereof turned laterally to provide an annular shoulder, said drum further comprising an annular U-section rim member secured to said annular shoulder of each of said webs, means comprising a continuous rib within said U-section rim member to retain a 5 plurality of cards on theperlphery thereof, and a shaft carried by said'support and upon which said drum is journaled.

5. A filing drum'for use in a rotary filing apparatus, said drum comprising a pair of central 10 webs and a rim secured thereto, said rim comprising two cylindrical members provided with adjacent upstanding radial flanges, said flanges being formed into interlocked relation to secure said cylindrical members together to form. a unitary 15 rim, said flanges constituting a central card-carrying rail for-said rim, and being adapted to removably secure a plurality of cards upon the periphery of said drum.

6. A filing drum for use in a rotary filing ap- 20 paratus, said drum comprising a pair of central webs, said webs each comprising spun metal plates having a shoulder formed integrally therein, and

a rim secured to each'shoulder, said rim comprising two cylindrical members provided with adja-' 25 cent upstanding radial flanges, said flanges being formed into interlocked relation to secure said' cylindrical members together to form a. unitary rim, said spun flanges constituting a central cardspaced webs forming end members, each of said 35 members having a portion turned out of the radial plane and providing an annular shoulder, and a circumferential rim member seated upon said shoulders, a portion of the material of the rim being formed up into. an annular upstanding rib 40 disposed outwardly of the body of the. rim and adapted to position a plurality of slotted cards on the periphery of said drum. 4 r

8. In a filing apparatus, a rotatable card carrying drum comprising a pair of spaced webs forming end members, each of said members having a portion formed to lie upon a cylindrical surface concentric with the axis of the drum to provide an'annular shoulder, and a circumferential rimmember disposed upon-said shoulders, said rimmember having an integral annular upstanding rib projecting outwardly therefrom and adapted to position a plurality of slotted cards on the periphery of said drum.'

v 9. In a filing apparatus, a rotatable card carrying drumcomprising a pair of spaced webs forming end members, each of said members having a portion formed to lie upon a cylindrical surface concentric with the axis of the drum to provide 1 an annular shoulder, and a circumferential rim member disposed on said shoulders, an annular portion of the rim being projected outwardly and folded upon itself to provide-an annular rib adapted to position a plurality of slotted cards on the periphery of the drum.

and adaptedto position a plurality of slotted adapted to be supported for rotation to bring successive portions of its periphery into a position of access by an operator, said drum comprising a pair of spaced, radially disposed sheet metal webs, each web having a laterally turned annular shoulder and a centrally disposed antifriction bearing, an annular, circumferential rim member secured to and carried by said shoulders of said webs, and a continuously extending upstanding rib associated with said rim member and disposed outwardly of the periphery thereof, said rib serving as a positioning element for a plurality of slotted 'cards carried by said drum.

12. A filing apparatus comprising a rotatably mounted drum having means on its periphery for securing a plurality of filing cards loosely thereon, whereby said drum may be rotated in one direction for inspection and posting of said cards, in combination with means associated with the rotatable mounting of the drum to restrain rotation of the drum in the opposite direction, said means being disengageable to permit rotation of said first mentioned direction.

13. A filing apparatus comprising a rotatable drum journaled for rotation in an appropriate supporting structure, said drum having an annular rib associated with its periphery adapted to secure a plurality of filing cards loosely thereon, whereby said cards may have limited movement to a position where their combined weight may unbalance the drum and tend to oscillate the drum away from the operator, in combination with a one-way brake device associated with the journal for said drum and constructed and arranged to "resist oscillation of said drum in said direction,

said brake device being automatically disengageable to permit free rotationof said drum in the opposite direction.

14. A filing apparatus comprising a drum mounted for rotation in an appropriate support, said drum having means on its periphery adapted to secure a plurality of slotted cards loosely thereon, said drum being rotatable in one direction for filing and inspection of said cards, the combined weight of said cards tending to oscillate the drum in the opposite direction after spreading of the cards for inspection or filing, and a one-way brake associated with said drum constructed and arranged to permit free rotation of the drum in the first mentioned direction but to resist, irictionally, rotation thereof in the opposite direction.

15. A filing apparatus comprising a rotatable card-carrying drum journaled on a shaft, and a brake device adapted to retard rotation of said drum in one direction, said brake device comprising a pawl and ratchet mechanism interposed between said shaft and saiddrum permitting free rotation of said drum in one direction but restraining rotation in an opposite direction, one of the elements of said mechanism being frictionallymounted to allow retarded movement of said drum in said opposite direction.

16. A filing apparatus comprising a rotatable card-carrying drum journaled upon a non-rotatable shaft, and a brake device interposed between said drum and said shaft adapted to retard rotation of said drum in one direction, said brake device comprising a member on said drum and movable therewith and another member on said shaft.

.ning of said elements upon rotation of said drum said drum in one direction, said intermediate clutch element serving to prevent rotation of said a pawl and ratchet connection between said members whereby rotation of said drum in one direction is unrestrained, said member on said shaft being mounted for frictional rotation thereon, whereby rotation of said drum in an opposite di- 5 rection transmits driving force through said pawl and ratchet to rotate said memberon said shaft against said friction to retard rotation of said drum in said opposite direction.

17. A filing apparatus comprising a rotatable card-carrying drum journaled upon a non-rotatable shaft, and a brake device adapted to retard rotation of said drum in one direction, said brake device comprisinga brake disc frictionally and rotatably mounted on said shaft, said disc being 15 provided with peripheral ratchet teeth, said brake device further comprising a pawl fixed on said drum in operative relation to said ratchet teeth whereby free rotation of said drum in one direction is permitted by said pawl overrunning said 20 ratchet teeth, but rotation in the opposite direction is retarded by a driving connection from said drum through said pawl and ratchet to said frictionally mounted disc.

18. A filing apparatus comprising a rotatable card-carrying drum journaled upon a non-rotatable shaft, and a brake device adapted to permit rotation of said drum on said shaft in one direction, but to restrain rotation thereof in the opposite direction, said brake device comprising a clutch element fixed to said shaft, a second clutch element frictionally mounted for movement with said drum, and one-way connecting means between said elements adapted to permit overrunin one direction, but adapted to establish a driving connection therebetween upon rotation of said drum in the opposite direction, the frictional mounting of said second element serving to permit rotation of said drum in said opposite direction upon the application of deliberate pressure in that direction thereto.

19. A filing apparatus comprising a rotatable card-carrying drum journaled upon a non-rotatable shaft, and a brake device adapted to permit rotation of said drum on said shaft in one direction, but to restrain rotation thereof in the opposite direction, said brake device comprising a clutch hub fixed to said shaft, a clutch sleeve surrounding said hub, and an intermediate overrunning clutch element between said hub and said sleeve, a pair of plates mounted for rotation with said drum and between which said sleeve is frictionally clamped for rotation therewith and with sleeve with said plates in an opposite direction, said frictional-clamping of said sleeve between said plates permitting rotation of said drum and said plates with respect to said sleeve and said shaft in said opposite direction upon the application of deliberate pressure thereto.

20. A filing apparatus comprising a rotatable card-carrying drum journaled upon a non-rotatable shaft, and a brake device operatively interposed between said drum and said shaft and adapted to permit rotation of said drum on said shaft in one direction, but to restrain rotation thereof in the opposite direction, said brake device comprising a clutch hub fixed to said shaft and provided with inclined peripheral slots, a

' clutch sleeve surrounding said hub, a roller in each said slot adapted to provide a one-way driving connection between said hub and said sleeve, a pair of plates mounted for rotation with said drum and between which said sleeve is frictionally clamped for'rotation therewith and with said drum in one direction, said rollers serving to prevent rotation of saidsleeve with said plates in an opposite direction, said frictional clamping of said sleeve between said plates permitting rotation of said drum and said plates with respect to said sleeve and said shaft in said opposite direction upon the application of deliberate pressure thereto.

21. A filing apparatus comprising a rotatable card-carrying drum journaled upon a non-rotatable shaft, and a brake device operatively interposed between said drum and said shaft adapted to permit rotation of said drum on said shaft in one direction, but to restrain rotation there- -of in the opposite direction, said brake device comprising a clutch hub. fixed to said shaft, a

Y clutch sleeve surrounding said hub, and an intermediate overrunning clutch element between direction but to prevent rotation of a said clutch sleeve in the opposite direction, said frictional clamping engagement of said plates on said sleeve permitting rotation of said drum and said plates in said opposite direction upon the application of deliberate pressure thereto, said adjusting pins being adapted to vary the resistance to rotation in said opposite direction of said drum and said plates with respect to said sleeve.

22. A filing apparatus comprising a rotatable card-carrying drum journaled for rotation upon a non-rotatable supporting shaft, and abrake device for said drum, said brake device comprising a relatively stationary member associated with said shaft and a member rotatable with said drum, and an overrunning clutch connection between said members whereby rotation of said drum and said member in one directiion'is permitted, but rotation thereof in the opposite direction is restrained by the establishment of a driving connection from said drum through said clutch to said relatively stationary member.

23. A filing apparatus comprising a rotatable card-carrying drum, and a table having supporting means for said drum, said drum comprising a peripheral card-carrying portion, a central bearing portion, andan axial shaft projecting therethrough beyond the ends'of said drum, said supporting means comprising a pair of cross-bars disposed below the top of said table, each of said' bars having a socket thereon adaptedfto receive an end of said shaft, said table top having an opening through which, a portion of said drum normally projects,said opening being of a dimension to permit removal of said drum and said shaft therethrough, said sockets being disposed below said opening to' permit the removal of said ends of said shaft therethrough.

24. A filing apparatus comprising a plurality of rotatable card-carrying drums, and a table having supporting means for said drums, said drums each comprising a peripheral card-carrying portion, a central bearing portion, and an axial shaft projecting therethrough beyond the end of each of said drums, said supporting means coniprising a plurality of bars disposed below the top of said table, each of said bars having a socket thereon adapted to receive an end of said shaftv of said drum adjacent thereto, said table top having an opening through which a. 'portion of each of said drums normally projects, said opening being of a dimension to permit independent removal of each of said drums and its said shaft therethrough.

25. A filing apparatus comprising a plurality of rotatable card-carrying drums and a table having a supporting means for each of said drums, said drums each comprising a peripheral card-carrying portion, a central bearing portion, and an axial shaft projecting through said drum,

each said shaft having terminal portions projecting outwardly from opposite ends of said drum,

tion and removal of each said drum and shaft to and from said sockets therebelow.

26. A filing apparatus comprising a plurality of rotatable card-carrying drums and a table having a supporting means for each of said drums, said drums each comprising a peripheral card-carrying portion, a central portion, and an axial shaft upon which said bearing portion is journaled projecting through said drum, each said shaft having terminal portions projecting outwardly from opposite ends of said drum, said supporting means comprising a pair of spaced cross-bars disposed below the top of said table provided with upwardly opening sockets adapted to receive said terminal portions of said shafts in non-rotatable relation thereto, said table top having an opening therein through which said peripheral card-carrying portions of said drums normally project, said opening being of a dimension to permit the independent installation and removal of each said drum and shaft to and from said sockets therebelow.

27. In a filing apparatus, a stub shaft having end portions removably receivable in the spaced sockets of a supporting stand, means preventing rotation of said shaft when disposed therein, and a filing drum carried by said shaft and adapted to be removed from the supporting stand as a unit with said shaft, said drum comprising a pair of centrally apertured sheet metal heads. rotatably mounted on said shaft, but normally restrained from axial movement with respect thereto, each head having an annular portion turned laterally to provide an annular shoulder, a rim member secured to the shoulders of said heads, and means comprising a continuous rib

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