US2046308A - Boiler water conditioning - Google Patents
Boiler water conditioning Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2046308A US2046308A US25696A US2569635A US2046308A US 2046308 A US2046308 A US 2046308A US 25696 A US25696 A US 25696A US 2569635 A US2569635 A US 2569635A US 2046308 A US2046308 A US 2046308A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- boiler
- water
- phosphite
- ammonium
- phosphate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 28
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- JDRJCBXXDRYVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N OP(O)O.N.N.N Chemical compound OP(O)O.N.N.N JDRJCBXXDRYVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- 239000005819 Potassium phosphonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- YXXXKCDYKKSZHL-UHFFFAOYSA-M dipotassium;dioxido(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][P+]([O-])=O YXXXKCDYKKSZHL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001714 calcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NCPXQVVMIXIKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium;phosphite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])[O-] NCPXQVVMIXIKTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004135 Bone phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- GJYJYFHBOBUTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-camphorene Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(=C)C1CCC(CCC=C(C)C)=CC1 GJYJYFHBOBUTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IIRVGTWONXBBAW-UHFFFAOYSA-M disodium;dioxido(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][P+]([O-])=O IIRVGTWONXBBAW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GVALZJMUIHGIMD-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000004137 magnesium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000157 magnesium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960002261 magnesium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010994 magnesium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001380 potassium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CRGPNLUFHHUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium phosphinate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P=O CRGPNLUFHHUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009293 tertiary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
Definitions
- sodium phosphite NazHPOa
- acid sodium phosphite NaHzPOs
- sodium hypophospnite NazHzPzos
- potassium phosphite K2HPO3
- potassium hypophosphite KHzPOz
- ammonium phosphite NH4H2PO3
- ammonium hypophosphite NH4H2PO2
- the phosphite may be added in appropriate quantity to the boiler feed water, and is carried to the boiler.
- the phosphite molecules In solution in the feedwater, and/or in the boiler concentrate, the phosphite molecules each take up oxygen to pass into the form of the appropriate phosphate. In the presence in the boiler of an adequate excess of the basic radical, it also passes into the tribasicform.
- ammonia goes over with the steam
- ammonia reacts with any contained carbon dioxide to produce ammonium carbonate.
- ammonia carried over with the steam prevents carbon dioxide corrosion, as may be illus- V trated by the following formula:
- a soluble phosphite added to the boiler feed water deoxidizes the water, thus fully performing the reducing function previously performed by sodium sulphite, and incidentally exhibiting an increased deoxidizing activity as compared with that compound; it further performs the additional function of inhibiting boiler encrustation, by reaction with calcium and magnesium, in its progressive activity in the boiler. If a phosphite of ammonium be used, the third function, attributable to ammonia, of inhibiting carbon dioxide corrosion by the steam passing from the boiler is obtained.
- any adequate water-soluble phosphite is capable of performing both the function of removing oxygen from the boiler water, and the function of forming a phosphate reactive with the encrustation forming substances, calcium and magnesium.
- the secondary effect obtained by adding a water-soluble phosphite to the boiler feed water, and the tertiary effect of adding ammonium phosphite to the boiler feed water, is dependent upon the presence of oxygen content in the water adequate to efiect saturation of the phosphite. If, then, the water has initially a notably low oxygen content, it may be desirable to introduce into the boiler a watersoluble phosphate in order that the encrustation inhibiting reaction may be complete, or to lessen the calcium and magnesium content, by appropriate treatment of the boiler feed Water.
- the method herein described of conditioning boiler water and steam generated therefrom which comprises deoxidizing the water by the reducing action of ammonium phosphite thereon, by sequential reactions of the phosphate produced by oxidation in the boiler water removing from the water the encrustation forming con tent thereof, and in the sequential reactions of the phosphate produced by oxidation of ammonium phosphite liberating ammonia to pass from the boiler with steam generated in the boiler.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Description
PTE
(il FlCE BOEER WATER CONDITIONING Cyrus W. Rice, Ifittsburgh, Pa.
No Drawing. Application June 8, 1935,
Serial No. 25,696
'1 Claim. I (Cl. 2210-23) This invention relates to boiler'water treatment.
In use of a steam generating boiler it is of importance that the water introduced to the boiler be freed, or substantially freed, of dissolved oxygen prior to its introduction. This is for the reason that oxygen in the boiler water is an active adjunct to boiler corrosion. It is also of importance that in the boiler there be maintained favorable conditions of such nature as to inhibit the formation of encrustations on the inner surface of the boiler wall.
I have succeeded in inhibiting both oxygen produced boiler corrosion and boiler encrustation by introducing into the boiler feed water a water soluble phosphite. 'As dissolved in the boiler feed water, phosphite performs the dual function of reducing agent and encrustation inhibiting a ent.
The phosphites of the alkali metals, sodium,
potassium, and ammonium are all suitablefor my purpose, 'all being adequately water soluble. Thus I have found advantageously usable disodium phosphite (NazHPOa); acid sodium phosphite (NaHzPOs) sodium hypophospnite (NazHzPzos); potassium phosphite (K2HPO3); potassium hypophosphite (KHzPOz); ammonium phosphite (NH4H2PO3); and ammonium hypophosphite (NH4H2PO2).
In each instance the phosphite may be added in appropriate quantity to the boiler feed water, and is carried to the boiler. In solution in the feedwater, and/or in the boiler concentrate, the phosphite molecules each take up oxygen to pass into the form of the appropriate phosphate. In the presence in the boiler of an adequate excess of the basic radical, it also passes into the tribasicform.
As all well conditioned boiler concentrates carries more or less sodium hydroxide, or its equivalent,-there will normally be maintained in the water an excess of sodium radical, or potassium radical. If, therefore, a sodium or potassium phosphite be used, there is normally present in the boiler a sufficiency of the appropriate radical to produce the tribasic phosphate.
Thereactions involved are thus, for example:
Under boiler conditions, therefore, the initial sodium or potassium phosphite, in performing the useful function of deoxidation, is converted into' a phosphate reactive with compounds of calcium and magnesium. These latter are the agencies producing boiler encrustation, as they may exist in the boiler in the form of calcium or magnesium sulphate or carbonate. To give a typical reaction for this effect, trisodium phosphate (NEiBPO) reacts both with calcium sulphate (Ca/3504) and calcium carbonate (CazHCOa) as follows:
The reactions with the compounds of magnesium normally present in the boiler water are identical.
Of the products of reaction, calcium phosphate We thus have, from the addition of ammonium phosphite also, an inclusion of the trisodium phosphate in the boiler. water. As above explained, and illustrated, this secondary product of reaction reacts with the compounds of calcium and magnesium normally present to produce the sludge forming calciumphosphate and magnesium phosphate.
The ammonia (NHa) goes over with the steam,
and performs a conditioning effect thereon. In any condensate of the steam, as it occurs in lines,
cylinders, turbines, or the like, the ammonia reacts with any contained carbon dioxide to produce ammonium carbonate. In this manner 5 the ammonia carried over with the steam prevents carbon dioxide corrosion, as may be illus- V trated by the following formula:
2NH3+COz+H2O- (NH4)2C O3 The advantages attending the use of a. potassium phosphite are identical with those obtained A by the use of a sodium phosphite. The specific advantage attendant upon the production of ammonia in the boiler is, therefore, that it is carried over with the steam, and is thus enabled to nullify'the corrosive tendency of carbon dioxide in any connections and equipment to which the steam passes. For this reason I prefer to utilize a phosphite of ammonium.
To summarize: a soluble phosphite added to the boiler feed water deoxidizes the water, thus fully performing the reducing function previously performed by sodium sulphite, and incidentally exhibiting an increased deoxidizing activity as compared with that compound; it further performs the additional function of inhibiting boiler encrustation, by reaction with calcium and magnesium, in its progressive activity in the boiler. If a phosphite of ammonium be used, the third function, attributable to ammonia, of inhibiting carbon dioxide corrosion by the steam passing from the boiler is obtained.
While I have disclosed as peculiarly suitable the phosphites of sodium, potassium, and ammonium, I do not intend to limit the scope of I my invention to the utilization of the phosphites of these alkali metals. Any adequate water-soluble phosphite is capable of performing both the function of removing oxygen from the boiler water, and the function of forming a phosphate reactive with the encrustation forming substances, calcium and magnesium.
On the quantitative side, the secondary effect obtained by adding a water-soluble phosphite to the boiler feed water, and the tertiary effect of adding ammonium phosphite to the boiler feed water, is dependent upon the presence of oxygen content in the water adequate to efiect saturation of the phosphite. If, then, the water has initially a notably low oxygen content, it may be desirable to introduce into the boiler a watersoluble phosphate in order that the encrustation inhibiting reaction may be complete, or to lessen the calcium and magnesium content, by appropriate treatment of the boiler feed Water. It cannot be considered, however, that occasional initial preponderance of calcium and magnesium content over oxygen content in the boiler Water detracts from the sequential completeness of the favorable result obtained by the use of phosphite. It will. be understood from the above that the phosphite employed should be added to the feed,
water in combining proportion with the determined oxygen content of the water available for use in the boiler.
I claim as my invention:
The method herein described of conditioning boiler water and steam generated therefrom which comprises deoxidizing the water by the reducing action of ammonium phosphite thereon, by sequential reactions of the phosphate produced by oxidation in the boiler water removing from the water the encrustation forming con tent thereof, and in the sequential reactions of the phosphate produced by oxidation of ammonium phosphite liberating ammonia to pass from the boiler with steam generated in the boiler.
CYRUS WM. RICE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US25696A US2046308A (en) | 1935-06-08 | 1935-06-08 | Boiler water conditioning |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US25696A US2046308A (en) | 1935-06-08 | 1935-06-08 | Boiler water conditioning |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2046308A true US2046308A (en) | 1936-06-30 |
Family
ID=21827565
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US25696A Expired - Lifetime US2046308A (en) | 1935-06-08 | 1935-06-08 | Boiler water conditioning |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2046308A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2476598A (en) * | 1945-02-16 | 1949-07-19 | Hall Lab Inc | Treatment of steam boiler water |
| US2562571A (en) * | 1945-05-30 | 1951-07-31 | Hall Lab Inc | Treatment of steam systems |
| US2627502A (en) * | 1949-05-07 | 1953-02-03 | Nat Aluminate Corp | Boiler water treatment |
| DE767910C (en) * | 1939-05-20 | 1954-10-04 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Prevents condensation from attacking iron materials |
-
1935
- 1935-06-08 US US25696A patent/US2046308A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE767910C (en) * | 1939-05-20 | 1954-10-04 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Prevents condensation from attacking iron materials |
| US2476598A (en) * | 1945-02-16 | 1949-07-19 | Hall Lab Inc | Treatment of steam boiler water |
| US2562571A (en) * | 1945-05-30 | 1951-07-31 | Hall Lab Inc | Treatment of steam systems |
| US2627502A (en) * | 1949-05-07 | 1953-02-03 | Nat Aluminate Corp | Boiler water treatment |
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