US2045689A

US2045689A - Rotary reducing machine

Info

Publication number: US2045689A
Application number: US589492A
Authority: US
Inventors: Walter J Armstrong
Original assignee: Jeffrey Manufacturing Co
Current assignee: Jeffrey Manufacturing Co
Priority date: 1932-01-28
Filing date: 1932-01-28
Publication date: 1936-06-30
Anticipated expiration: 1953-06-30

Description

W. J. ARMSTRONG ROTARY REDUCING MACHINE Filed Jan. 28, 1932 `lune 30, 1936.

Patented June 30, 1936 UNITED STATES ROTARY REDUCING MACHINE Walter J. Armstrong, Columbus, Ohio, assigner to The Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, a corporation of Ohio Application January 28, 1932, Serial No. 589,492

18 Claims.

The present invention relates to rotary reduc'- ing machines of the swing-hammer type wherein centrifugally projected hammers or beaters cooperate with suitable means for the pulveriza- 9 tion, crushing or shredding of various materials.

The action of the machines of-the type above mentioned depends largely on the size of the hammers used and the speed at which the rotor is rotated. In a given machine it naturally follows that the faster the rotor is rotated the greater is the centrifugal force of the hammers and the less their tendency to yield upon impact with the material to be reduced. Substantially the same result, as regards yielding under impact, can be secured by utilizing heavier hammers with the rotor rotating at a reduced speed.

While the application of the present invention is not limited to any particular type of swing hammer machine, I shall describe it in connection with a machine of the type generally contemplated in United States Patent 1,761,083, issued June 3, 1930 to William K. Liggett. According to the disclosure of this patent the outward projection of the hammers under centrifugal force is limited by abutment means on the rotor, the hammers being so disposed that upon encountering unpulverable objects they may recede entirely within the peripheral outlines of the main rotor body which comprises essentially a series of circular discs mounted on a drive shaft.

The basic idea disclosed in the patented apparatus has been further developed by Nils D. Levin as disclosed in his United States patent application Serial No. 362,951 led May 14, 1929. According, to this application, the weight oi the hammers and their length are considerably increased so that whereas the Liggett machine is essentially a high speed machine, the Levin machine is intended for operation at lower speeds, the hammers due to their weight and disposition being effectively maintained in centrifugally projected relation.

The present invention is favorably applicable to a machine of the Levin type, particularly where a relatively small machine is involved, or where for any reason the length of the hammers must be reduced. According to the invention, one or more of the hammers is so connected with another centriiugally projectible member, which is preferably another hammer, that the centrifugal force of the latter is added to that of the former so as to aid in sustaining the hammer in centrifugally projected position against counter- 55 acting forces arising through impact upon the material to be reduced. For example, considering two hammers or beaters to be rigidly interconnected, an impact on one of them must react on both so that the backward swing of the impacting hammer is considerably reduced since the inertia of the connected hammer must also be overcome.

While various arrangements are possible, I have shown two preferred embodiments of the invention in the accompanying drawing. 5

In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a vertical section of a machine embodying the invention. A

Figure 2 is a plan View of the rotor shown in Figure 1, and

Figure 3 is a plan view of a rotor embodying a modied form of beater arrangement.

Referring to the drawing, and rst of all to Figures 1 and 2, reference numeral l0 designates generally a suitable form of casing or housing and li a rotor body of suitable construction. Since the illustrated casing is well known in the art and is particularly described in Reissue Patent 17,334, William K. Liggett, June 25, 1929, its particular description here is believed to be un- 20 necessary.

The rotor body ii comprises a number of discs l2 keyed on a shaft i3 which is revoluble in suitable bearings of the casing, the discs being separated by means of spacing collars as at i4 keyed with the discs to the shaft. The disc margins are provided with a number of apertures all of which preferably have their centers on the circumference of a common circle concentric with shaft i3, the apertures receiving` pivot rods l5 and abutment rods I6, the ends of the rods projecting through aligned apertures in end discs il! and i8 and, as here shown, having nuts threaded on their ends. As here shown, the rods i5 are spaced 90 from each other and the rods i6 are similarly spaced.

Hammers or beaters i 9 are pivoted on the pivot rods I5 in selected ones of the disc spaces. As shown in Figure 2, for example, alternate disc spaces are occupied by beaters on each pivot rod, the beaters of each series being staggered relative to the beaters of the adjacent series. Each axial series is shown as being composed of three beaters, although of course the particular number of beaters is immaterial to the invention.

Each beater I9 comprises a boss portion 20 of substantially the same width as the rod portions between the discs and perforated to receive the associated rod. Each beater also comprises an elongated shank or arm portion 2i at the free end of which is an angularly extending relatively heavy head 22. The width of the arm and main head portions is less than that of the boss porprovided at its head end with an aperture adapted to receive a tie rod 24.

As shown in Figure 2, the tie rods 24 are substantially equal in length to the pivot and abutment rods I5 and I6 and each is engaged in the head apertures of all of the beaters of a longitudinal series so as to hold the beaters of each series in substantially parallel relation, the tie rods being parallel to the rotor axis as are also rods I5 and I6. In order to afford a proper swinging range for the 'beaters the tie rods are passed through sufficiently large disc apertures 25, these apertures as here shown being in the form of slots arcuate on the centers of the pivot rods and of a width slightly greater than the diameter of the tie rods. Beyond the end discs I'I and I8,

the tie rods are shouldered and have threaded ex-` tremities on which nuts are engaged to prevent longitudinal displacement of the tie rods, the nuts abutting the shoulders so as to avoid clamping action on the end discs.

As shown in Figure 1 the hammers may move from a centrifugally projected material engaging position wherein the arms abut rods I6 to an ineffective inner position wherein the heads lie entirely within the disc edges in abutment with collars I4. If desired, however, the abutment rods and abutment collars I4, as such, may be omitted and the tie rods may cooperate with the ends of ,the slots as abutment means for limiting the beater swing.

It will be evident that reaction to an impact by one of the hammers of an axial series will be communicated through the tie rods to the other hammers of the series so that the reaction is resisted by the inertia of the entire series of hammers.

According to Figure 3, each longitudinal series of hammers comprises two groups of two hammers, each group being connected by a tie rod 26. Ihe two groups thus act independently of each other, but the hammers of each group act in conjunction, as above described. Obviously, in larger rotors the number of hammers in a group may be increased.

As shown in Figure 1, four axial series of hammers are provided. Due to the described spacing of the series of rods I5 and I6, it will be evident that opposite ones of each series of rods may be removed if a rotor having only two axial series is desired.

It is to be understood that the general combination shown and described as well as the form of the hammers and their arrangement are to be taken only as illustrative of the invention, the scope of which is determined in the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a. rotary reducing machine, a rotor, said rotor comprising a beater pivoted thereto to be centrifugally projected upon rotor rotation, another centrifugally projectible member pivoted to said rotor, said beater and member being separate unitary bodies and means connecting said member and beater whereby the centrifugal force of the member is added to that of the beater to assist in sustaining the latter in projected position, said connecting means being remote from the working face of the beater so as not to obstruct the action thereof.

2. In a rotary reducing machine a rotor comprislng a beater pivoted thereto on an axis parallel -to the rotor axis to be centrifugally projected upon rotor rotation, another centrifugally projectible member pivoted to the rotor on said beater axis,

said beater and member being separate unitary bodies and means connecting said member and beater whereby the centrifugal force of the member is added to that of the beater to assist in sustaining the latter in projected position, said con- 5 necting means being remote from the working face of the beater so as not to obstruct the action thereof.

3. In a rotary reducing machine, a rotor comprising a beater pivoted thereto on an axis parallel 10 to the rotor axis to be centrifugally projected upon rotor rotation, another centrifugally projectible member pivoted to the rotor on said beater axis, said beater and member being separate unitary bodies and means rigidly connecting 15 said member with said beater at a point removed from the pivotal axis of the latter whereby the centrifugal force of the member is added to that of the beater to assist in sustaining the latter in projected position, said connecting means being 20 remote from the working face of the beater so as not to obstruct the action thereof.

4. In a rotary reducing machine, a rotor comprising a beater pivoted thereto on an axis parallel to the rotor axis to be centrifugally projected 25 upon rotor rotation, another centrifugally projectible member pivoted to the rotor on said beater axis, a radial wall of the rotor separating said member and beater and provided with an aperture, and means connecting said member and 30 beater through said aperture whereby the centrifugal force of the member is added to that of the beater to assist in sustaining the latter in projected position.'

5. In a rotary reducing machine, a rotor, said 35 rotor comprising a plurality of separate unitary beaters pivoted thereto to be centrifugally pro, jected upon rotor rotation, and means connecting said beaters whereby the centrifugal force of each is added to that of the other for their mutual sustention in projected position, said connecting means being remote from the working faces of the beaters so as not to obstruct the action thereof.

6. In a rotary reducing machine, a rotor, said rotor comprising a plurality of separate unitary 45 beaters pivotal on an axis parallel to the rotor axis and centrifugally projectible upon rotor rotation, and means connecting said beaters whereby the centrifugal force of each is added to that of the other for their mutual sustention in projected position, said connecting means being remote from the working faces of the beaters so as not to obstruct the action thereof.

7. In a rotary reducing machine, a rotor, said rotor comprising a plurality of separate unitary 55 beaters pivotal on an axis parallel to the rotor axis and centrifugally projectible upon rotor rotation, and means rigidly connecting the beaters at points removed from their axis whereby the centrifugal force of each is added to that of the 60 other for their mutual sustention in projected position, said connecting means being remote from the working faces of the beaters so as not to obstruct the action thereof.

8. In a rotary reducing machine, a rotor, said 65 rotor comprising a series of separate unitary beaters spaced axially thereof and pivotal on an axis parallel to the rotor axis, said beaters being centrifugally projectible upon rotor rotation, and means connecting said beaters whereby the centrifugal force of each is added to that of the others for their mutual sustention in projected position, said connecting means being remote from the working faces of the beaters so as not to obstruct the action thereof.-

9. In a rotary reducing machine, a rotor, said rotor comprising a series of separate unitary beaters spaced axially thereof and pivotal on an axis parallel to the rotor axis and provided with aligned apertures, outwardly of said axis and inwardly ofthe free ends'of the beaters-so as not to obstruct the beater action, said beaters being centrifugally projectible upon rotor rotation, and a rigid bar passed through said apertures whereby the centrifugal force of each beater is added to that of the others for their mutual sustention in projected position.

10. In a rotary reducing machine, a rotor, said rotor comprising a plurality of plates spaced longitudinally of the rotor axis, a plurality of beaters mounted between said lplates for pivotal movement about an axis parallel to the rotor axis, said plates being provided with aligned apertures removed from the pivotal axis of the beaters, and a rod connecting the beaters and passed through the plate apertures, said apertures being of a size relative to the rod to afford a suitable range of swing for the beaters, the rod maintaining the beaters always in substantially parallel relation to each other.

1l. In a rotary reducing machine, a rotor, said rotor comprising a plurality of plates spaced longitudinally of the rotor axis, a plurality of beaters mounted between said plates for pivotal move` ment about an axis parallel to the rotor axis, said plates being provided with aligned apertures removed from the pivotal axis of the beaters, and a rod connecting the beaters and passed through the plate apertures, said apertures being of a size relative to the rod to afford a suitable range oi' swing for the beaters, the rod maintaining the beaters always in substantially parallel relation to each other and being adapted to abut ends of the apertures to limit the beater swing.

12. In a rotary reducing machine, a rotor, said rotor comprising a plurality of plates spaced longitudinally of the rotor axis, a plurality of beaters mounted between said plates for pivotal movement about an axis parallel to the rotor axis,

`said plates being provided with aligned apertures removed from thepivotal axis of the beaters, a rod connecting the beaters and passed through the plate apertures, said apertures being of a size relative to the rod to aiord a'suitable range of swing for the beaters, the rod maintaining the beaters always in substantially parallel relation to each other, and means presented by the rotor.

for engaging the beaters to limit their swing.

13. In a rotary reducing machine, a rotor, said rotor comprising a plurality of beaters pivoted thereto on an vaxis parallel to the rotor axis, said beaters each comprising an elongated arm portion and an angular head portion, the head portions being centrifugally projected to a material engaging position upon rotor rotation and being movaible inwardly of the rotor to an ineffective position upon cessation or counteraction of centrifugal force, means on the rotor limiting the swing of the beaters, and a rod rigidly engaged with the beater heads to maintain the same always in substantially parallel relation to.each other.

14. In a rotary reducing machine, a rotor, said rotor comprising a plurality 'of beaters pivoted thereto on an axis parallel to the rotor axis, said beaters each comprising an elongated arm portion and an angular head portion, the head portions being centrifugally projected to a material engaging position upon rotor rotation and being movable inwardly of the rotor to an ineifective position upon cessation or counteraction of centrifugal force, means on the rotor limiting the swing of the beaters, a radial wall separating the'beaters, the wall being provided with an aperture removed from the beater axis, and a rod rigidly engaged with the-beater heads and passing through said aperture, the aperture being oia size relation to the rod to afford the requisite range of beater swing, said rod serving to maintain the beaters always in substantially parallel relation to each other.

l5. In a rotary reducing-machine, a rotor comprising an axially extending series oi. separate unitary beaters pivotal about a common axis parallel to the rotor axis, said beaters being centrifugally projectible upon rotor rotation, and means remote from the working faces of the beaters and unobstructing to the action thereof tying the beaters together in groups of at least two beaters whereby each beater of a group has enforced participation in the movements of the other beater of that group, the centrifugal force of the beaters of each group being cumulative for their mutual sustention in projected position.

16. In a rotary reducing machine, a rotor comprising a rotor body and a plurality of separate unitary beaters pivotal about a common axis parallel to the rotor axis and within the peripheral outlines of said rotor body, said beaters being centrifugally projectible upon rotor rotation, and means positionedwithin the outlines of the rotor body when the beaters are in projected relation and connecting the beaters together whereby each beater has enforced participation in the movements of the other, the centrifugal force of the connected beaters being cumulative forv their mutual sustention in projected position.

17. In a rotary reducing machine, a rotor comprising a rotor body and a pluralityl of beaters pivotal about a common axis parallel to the rotor axis and within the peripheral outlines of said rotor body, said beaters each comprising an elonso that each has enforced participation in-the movements of the other.

18. In a rotary reducing machine, a rotor comprising a rotor body and a plurality of separate unitary axially spaced beaters swingable about a common axis parallel to the rotor axis and within the peripheral outlines of said rotor body, said beaters being centrifugally projectible upon rotor rotation, and means positioned within the outlines of the rotor body at all times and connecting the beaters together so that the centrifugal force of each assists in sustaining'the other against inward movement as the result of impact upon material in the machine, each of said beaters having enforced participation in the inward swinging movement of the other during operation of the machine, the beaters being so mounted that their direction of inward swing about their axis is opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor about its axis.

WAL'I'ER J. ARMSTRONG.