US2044495A

US2044495A - Metal working apparatus

Info

Publication number: US2044495A
Application number: US4208A
Authority: US
Inventors: Edward C Bullard
Original assignee: Bullard Co
Current assignee: Bullard Co
Priority date: 1935-01-31
Filing date: 1935-01-31
Publication date: 1936-06-16
Anticipated expiration: 1953-06-16

Description

June 16, 1936. 5 BULLARD 2,044,495

METALWORK I NG APPARATUS Filed Jan. 31, 1935 IN V EN TOR.

EDWARD [ZEULLAPJJ AT RNEY Patented June 16, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE METAL WORKING APPARATUS necticut Application January 31, 1935, Serial No. 4,208

'16 Claims.

The invention relates to an apparatus for turning metal and is particularly designed to carry out the method and utilize the tool disclosed in my co-pending application entitled, Metal 6 working, Serial Number 4,207, filed January 81,

It is, therefore, among the general objects of thepresent invention to provide a simple, eflicient and durable machine of the character set forth;

mands of economic manufacture and operation.

Another object is to provide a metal working apparatus which is designed to provide for metal turning with maximum power efiiciency and maximum uniformity of high adherence to standards of work surface accuracy.

Another object is to provide in an apparatus embodying the above features finishing means for insuring appropriate coordination of the rate of tool movement with the speed of rotation of the work surface to the end that uniformity of surface finish, constant load and chatterless operation will result.

Still another object is to provide an apparatus which will be assured not only of efficient means for coordinating the rate of the tool movements with the work rotation, but which will provide, as well, eficient means for varying the rotation of tool movements without disturbing the coordination between the tool movements and the work rotation.

More specifically the invention aims to provide a machine structure adapted to rotate on its own axis, at high speed, a work piece upon which is to 35 be formed a concentric surface and to subject the portion of the work to be so formed, to the action of successive blades, by a reciprocating motion of a tool block therefor.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following detailed explanation of the same when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing. It will be understood that the embodiment of the invention herein disclosed is merely by way of illustration, the inventive concept being adapted to numerous changes and modifications, and the full use of equivalents, which may be resorted to in carrying out the invention and for adapting it to various types of work.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a tool block adapted to be used as a part of the apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical plan partly in section of the complete apparatus.

and one particularly designed to meet the de- (01. sa-v) Fig. 3 is a detailed view showing a substitute type of tool; and

Fig. 4 is a similar view of another'type of tool.

Referring to Fig. 1, the apparatus is designed for using a tool of the general characteristics shown. The tool includes a base block 40 having mounted therein the blade units 4|, each of which includes blade edges 42, which will extend above the preceding edge on the right to form a whole series of stepped blades, each of which is adapted to remove a given amount of material. By this arrangement a single pass of such a tool across the work may be made to reduce a total amount of material equalling the sum of the steps of the several blades. A set of finishing blade edges 43 may also be mounted in the base 40. They are shown as being formed integral with a finishing blade block 44. The finishing blades are of the character and form of blades 42, although they may conveniently be of less depth since they will be called upon to remove only a small amount of metal. As distinct from blades 42, these finishing blades are preferably of equal height and are used not for cutting successively deeper, but for insuring a smooth finish. They are preferably spaced in accordance with a formula so that relay action thereof will result in the removal of all revolution marks. If desired, the blade pieces may be adjustable and may be removably positioned in the base 40, or may be permanently secured therein or formed integral therewith. Obviously, the blade edges may depart from the rectilinear, if desired, so that they may act as contour cutters. The blades may also be set to have their cutting edges lie in a plane or planes at an angle to that of the axis of the work so as to perform taper turning.

By the use of this type of tool, it is possible to provide maximum tool life, since the burden on each blade may be relieved by the fact that the work is being operated upon by as many roughing cutters as may be required and as many fi'nishing cutters as may be required, all in a. single pass of the tool. No one blade will thus be subjected to continuous action or overburdening by too deep a cut. Furthermore, from a single chucking of the work, the tool will operate to both rough and finish the work at a single pass of one tool block.

For further desirable characteristics of blades preferably used in this type of apparatus, reference may be had to my Patent, #1,899,608, issued February 28, 1933, entitled, Metal working, which is a detailed consideration of the structure of such blades and their method of operation.

Referring more specifically to Fig. 2, the apparatus is provided with a chuck 50 for rotating a work piece 5! at cutting speed; its spindle drive 52 may be driven through gears 53 from a suitable source of power, such as the pulley 54. Obviously the work holding chuck maybe substituted by an equivalent fixture and the direct gear drive may be substituted by other power transmitting means; the apparatus throughout not being confined to such structural details.

For reciprocating the tool-carrying table 55, upon which is mounted the tool block 56, a drive is taken from the spindle 52 by the worm 51 and the worm-gear 58 mounted upon the shaft 59. The shaft 59 has loosely mounted thereon bevelled pinions 60 and 6|, either of which may be clutched to the shaft 59 for rotation therewith by a double-ended clutch 62 Thus, forward or reverse rotation from the shaft 59 may be imparted to an intermediate bevelled gear 62, and therefrom to the gears 63, the shaft 64, and thus to a table-driving gear 65 meshing with a table rack 66.

Since the drive to the table is taken from the spindle shaft 52, it will be seen that the table movements are, at all times, synchronized with the speed of the work. The gears 53 preferably being change gears which thus permit a variation in such synchronized speed without departing from the synchonization.

Thus, the apparatus provides means for rotating the work at cutting speed and for subjecting the work, while rotating, to the action of a reciprocating cutter block having blades preferably of the type shown. The apparatus also provides means for maintaining synchronization between the speed of rotation of the work and the speed of reciprocation of the table. It further provides means for varying the rate of synchronization. Obviously, modifications and refinements of the machine, such as automatic operations of the clutch and other appropriate control means, are contemplated.

By referring to Figures 3 and 4, as well as Figure 2, it will be seen that the invention is not confined to specific types of tools. In Fig. 2 a forming type of tool is shown with which the finished work will take a concentric form parallel to the characteristics of the blade edges. In Fig. 3 is shown a tool for turning a plurality of spaced surfaces. In this instance, a plurality of sets of blades 61 are arranged to simultaneously act on the spaced surfaces 68 of the work 69, each series of blades preferably having the characteristics of the block shown in Fig. 1. Such an arrangement is particularly adapted for the turning of spaced surfaces on cam shafts, crank shafts and the spaced surfaces of grooved pistons.

Referring to Fig. 4, a tool for turning a surface lll parallel to the axis of rotation of the work and an adjacent surface H, at right angles, to the axis of rotation is illustrated. Thus, by one tool 12, the cheeks of a flange may be turned together with a surface substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the work piece.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the invention provides a novel, simple and efficient apparatus particularly designed for using the tool shown and for carrying out the method in my co-pending application, entitled Metal working, Serial Number 4,207, filed January 31, 1935. It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the characteristics of the tool specified and that numerous changes, modifications, and the full use of equivalents, may be resorted to in carrying out the inventive concept without departure from the spirit. or scope of the appended claims.

Having set forth the nature of my invention, what I claim is:

1. An apparatus for working metal which includes means for rotating a piece of work, a tool block, means for moving the tool block transversely of the axis of rotation of the work, and a plurality of blades carried in said tool block and disposed at a major angle with respect to the axis of rotation of said work.

2. An apparatus for working metal which includes means for rotating a piece of work, a tool block, means for moving the tool block transversely of the axis of rotation of the work, and a plurality of blades carried in said tool block and disposed at a major angle with respect to the axis of rotation of said work, said blades being stepped to successively engage the work tangentially thereof at successively increasing depths.

3. An apparatus for working metal which includes means for rotating a piece of work, a tool block, means for moving the tool block transversely of the axis of rotation of the work, and a plurality of blades carried in said tool block and disposed at a major angle with respect to the axis of rotation of said work, some of said blades being stepped to successively engage the work tangentially thereof at successively increasing depths while others of said'blades are of equal height.

4. An apparatus for turning metal including a work spindle, a tool block having a plurality of stepped roughing blades and a plurality of unstepped finishing blades and means for moving the tool block transversely to the axis of rotation of the work whereby the blades will be moved on a line tangent to the work surface, said means being driven in synchronization with the rotation of the work.

5. An apparatus for turning metal including a work spindle, a tool block having a plurality of stepped roughing blades and a plurality of unstepped finishing blades, means for moving the tool block transversely to the axis of rotation of the work whereby the bladeswill be moved on a line tangent to the work surface, said means being driven in synchronization with the rotation of the work and means for varying the rate of 55 synchronization.

6. In a metal turning apparatus, a work holding chuck, a driving connection therefor, a multibladed tool block movable in a path by which the blades will be moved tangentially of the work surface, a driving connection therefor and means for operating one of the driving connections from the other driving connection.

7. In a metal turning apparatus, a work holding chuck, a driving connection therefor, a multibladed tool block movable in a path by which the blades will be moved tangentially of the work surface, a driving connection therefor and means for operating one of the driving connections from the other driving connection, said means being variable to change of synchronism therebetween.

8. A metal turning apparatus for turning a plurality of spaced surfaces on a work piece including a work holder adapted to be rotated and a plurality of spaced sets of stepped cutting blades,

one set for each surface to be turned, means for reciprocating the sets of blades in a path tangentially of the work surface and means for rotating the work at cutting speed, both of said means being driven from a single source of power.

9. A metal turning apparatus for turning a plurality of spaced surfaces on a work piece including a work holder adapted to be rotated and a plurality of spaced sets of stepped cutting blades, one set for each surface to be turned, means for reciprocating the sets of blades in a path tangentially of the work surface, means for rotating the work at cutting speed, both of said means being driven from a single source of power and means for varying the rate of reciprocation of the blades with respect to the rate of rotation of the work.

10. A metal working apparatus for turning right angularly disposed surfaces including a chuck for rotating the work, a multi-bladed tool having blades with right angularly disposed cutting edges, means ior reciprocating the tool so that said edges will engage both a cylindrical and a flanged portion of the work and means for rotating the work during such reciprocation.

11. A metal working apparatus for turning right angularly disposed surfaces including a chuck for rotating the work, a multi-bladed tool having blades with right angularly disposed cutting edges, means for reciprocating the tool so that said edges will engage both a cylindrical and a flanged portion of the work and means for rotating the work during such reciprocation, both of said means receiving power from a single source.

12. A metal working apparatus for turning right angularly disposed surfaces including a chuck for rotating the work, a multi-bladed tool having blades with right angularly disposed cutting edges and means for reciprocating the tool so that said edges will engage both a cylindrical and a flanged portion of the work and means for rotating the work during such reciprocation, both of said means receiving power from a single source, and means for varying the speed of one means with respect to that of the other.

13. A metal working apparatus, including means for rotating a work piece, a tool block having a plurality of stepped roughing blades and a plurality of unstepped finishing blades, and means for continuously moving the tool block to subject the work while rotating to the cutting action of all the blades, said last mentioned means being driven from the work rotating means.

14. A metal working apparatus, including means for rotating a work piece, a tool block having a plurality of stepped roughing blades and a plurality of unstepped finishing blades, and means for continuously moving the tool block to subject the work while rotating to the cutting action of all the blades, said last mentioned means being driven from the work rotating means through change gears to permit variations in the rate of movement to the tool block with respect to the work.

15. In a machine tool, a bed with a reciprocating tool carrier mounted thereon, a work spindle, mounted therein, a plurality of stepped blades carried by the tool block and adapted to be moved therewith in a path tangential to work carried bythe work spindle and a reversible driving connection for the tool block and uni-directional driving connection for the work spindle.

16. In a machine tool, a bed with a reciprocating tool carrier mounted thereon, a work spindle, mounted therein, a plurality of stepped blades carried by the tool block and adapted to be moved therewith in a path tangential to work carried by the work spindle, a reversible driving connection for the tool block and uni-directional driving connection for the work spindle, said tool block connection being driven from said work spindle connection.

EDWARD C. BULLARD.