US2043624A - Method and means for direction finding - Google Patents

Method and means for direction finding Download PDF

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Publication number
US2043624A
US2043624A US589100A US58910032A US2043624A US 2043624 A US2043624 A US 2043624A US 589100 A US589100 A US 589100A US 58910032 A US58910032 A US 58910032A US 2043624 A US2043624 A US 2043624A
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Prior art keywords
loop
coupling
energy
aerial
circuit
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Expired - Lifetime
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US589100A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leib August
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Telefunken AG
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Telefunken AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/04—Details
    • G01S3/06—Means for increasing effective directivity, e.g. by combining signals having differently oriented directivity characteristics or by sharpening the envelope waveform of the signal derived from a rotating or oscillating beam antenna
    • G01S3/065—Means for increasing effective directivity, e.g. by combining signals having differently oriented directivity characteristics or by sharpening the envelope waveform of the signal derived from a rotating or oscillating beam antenna by using non-directional aerial

Definitions

  • This re-radiated energy may be of any frequency, and may be of a frequency above or below the signal frequency but is in general in its worst form thought to be of a frequency higher than the signal frequency.
  • the null point of the characteristic curve of the absorption system is made more sharp (i. e., energy reaches zero) by the introduction into the absorption circuit or circuits associated therewith of energy opposite in phase and equal in amplitude to the disturbing energy. This may be accomplished in any manner. Applicant uses a vertical aerial coupled to the loop circuit to introduce the compensating energy. It will be understood however, that directional or non-directional auxiliary antennae may be used which occasion an additional action on the receiving apparatus so that the disturbing actions are compensated and the null point rendered more definite.
  • Figure 1 shows diagrammatically the circuit arrangement of a loop and compensating antenna arrangement and their connection with a receiver
  • Figures 2 and 2a show, for purposes of illustration, the direction finder of Figure 1 as installed on a ship;
  • Figure 2b shows in detail a modification of a part of the device of Figures 2 and 2a;
  • Figure 3 is a curve showing the relation between loop positions and absorption characteristics of the loop
  • Figure 4 shows the relative positions between the antennae and an inductance associated therewith
  • FIGS 5 and 6 illustrate modifications of the arrangements of Figures 1 and 2.
  • the loop antenna R comprises symmetrical energy absorption portions r1, r2 closed through inductances m1, m2 and a coupling inductance 1'.
  • these coils may be symmetrical and equal or unsymmetrical and unequal.
  • the loop aerial inductance may be tuned to the signal frequency by a capacity K connected across the terminals i, 3 thereof. Compensating energy is obtained from a vertical aerial A connected through a tuning capacity TC and coupling inductance a to ground G or equivalent oountercapacity. The amount of the inductance in this vertical aerial may be regulated by moving the points 8 and 9 along the inductance a.
  • The'inductance a is coupled as shown to the inductance r.
  • the said auxiliary antenna A serves to introduce an additional signal potential in the loop antenna circuit.
  • 'The variable capacity TC, and inductance a insures that said energy may be maintained in the proper phase and amplitude to suppress and action from the auxiliary antenna will vary between z ero,'in-ship position I relative to the sigcompensate currents therein due to re-radia'tion from adjacent structures;
  • 'ThelOOIIV'R has one terminal connected through a connector 3 to the grid of an electron tube e, the filament of which is connected by connector 1' to themidpoint of inductance r.
  • the other terminalof loop R. is connected by lead 4 through a variable capacity no to the anode of thermionic tube e.
  • the influence of -re-radiation of signal energy upon theloop antenna circuit differs according to the particular position of the vessel relative to the source of signalv energy so that the requisite auxiliary antenna; effect required for the compensation of the disturbing action must be varied according to the position of the ship,-with the result that the coupling between the auxiliary antenna A and the loop antenna or the receiving apparatus must be varied according to the position of the ship at any given time.
  • To make such alterations is a rather complicated task under practical conditions of working, since in case of improper or unskilled operation and manipulation of the apparatus the compensating energy will be introduced in the wrong phase and amplitude. This will cause deviations from the true bearing'of the signalling source.
  • Even in case a skilled direction finderoperator is in charge the changing of the-coupling relations j between A and R. involves a' by no means inconsiderable loss of time.
  • auxiliary antenna A is coupled to the receiving antenna R.
  • the vertical aerial coupling coila is stationarily'secured, asindicated by members g to support (1 which'may in turn be fastened to the ship. "The coil 11 is stationary with respect to r, c, and-R. The direction finder scale 1 is fastened-to d and cooperates with a; pointer secured-to d to indicate the, pointing position of the'loop R. It'will be seen that as the loop is rotatedfthe coupling between r and a-will vary fromminimum, as indicated, in position I of 2a,
  • This coil may be adjusted to the desired position with respect to a and fixed in said position by means of said screw i1.
  • m2 which is also in series with loop R, is mounted adjacent a on a support hz. m2 is movable with respect to a as indicated. The position of me with respect to a is indicated by pointer i2 cooperating with a scale 1'. The position of 1m may be varied by handle iz.
  • the non-sinuous or irregular movement of the coupling coil 1' with respect to the coil a. may be accomplished by fixing a cam ID to the sleeve p bolted at q to the shaft e so that said cam rotates with said shaft when the loop R is rotated.
  • the surface of the cam IU of varying radius acts through roller I2 on a lever l3 which oscillates a rack l5 about a point 14.
  • the rack I5 cooperates with a pinion 16 torotate shaft I1 to which pinion I6 is fixed.
  • the coupling coil 1' is fixed to shaft [1 for rotation therewith.
  • the roller [2 is maintained in contact with the periphery of cam l by spring l8 fixed at I9.
  • the center of cam It! may be given any shape, and is given a shape such that the coupling between a. and 1' is varied directly as the intensity of the re-radiated energy from the one or more adjacent structures varies.
  • the sleeve carries a pinion 2
  • the pointer 20 is rotated, thereby varying the amount of resistance in the vertical aerial circuit and consequently determining the amplitude ofthe vertical aerial component introduced in the loop through coupling a, r.
  • the resistance turns of the rheostat W may be disposed on their support in non-uniform manner corresponding to the regularity or irregularity of the desired compensating action.
  • auxiliary antenna may be brought to act directly upon the loop circuit as shown, or else upon intermediate circuits or upon direct reception indicators. These are different well-known schemes of combination of the effects of two antennae.
  • the output elements of tube e may be connected with an indicating means directly, or by way of amplifiers, rectifiers, etc.
  • the tube e may therefore be a detector or a radio frequency amplifier.
  • ure 1 the anode electrodes of e are connected with an indicator T.
  • the output electrode of tube e is connected through a capacity 24 and high resistance 25 to the input electrodes of a second tube 6' which may have an indicator in the output thereof as shown or be connected with further thermionic tubes.
  • the output elements of tube e are connected with an indicator while in Figure 6 they are connected with a relay 28 which in turn is connected with an indicator T.
  • a directional receiver to be used adjacent metallic structures which tend to re-radiate signal energy comprising, a frame aerial circuit including a plurality of series inductances, the first of which inductances is rotatable and is exposed to the direct field of the signal energy, the second of said inductances being also rotatable with said first named inductance, a third one of said inductances being stationary with respect to said rotatable inductances, and a vertical aerial circuit including an inductance coupled to said second and third inductances.
  • a directional aerial system as specified in claim 1 in which cam means is provided for controlling the coupling between said inductances.
  • a receiving system for accurately determining the line of direction and sense of direction of a signaling source including, a frame aerial, said frame aerial including a pair of rotatable inductances exposed to the signaling wave, said inductances being in series with a plurality of coupling inductances, a pair of which is fixed and another of which is movable, a circuit for symmetrically grounding said loop aerial, a vertical aerial comprising a linear conductor and tuning means, a coupling inductance connecting In Figsaid: vertical aerial toraground, said, couphnainzi dnctance being coupled to said Lmovable, inductanceinsaidfrarne aerial circuit, means for simultaneously rotating said first named pair. of inductances in said frame 1 aerialiand' said movable inductanca and a thermionic translating device havingits control grid connected toa point :on saidframe aerialicircuit and .its cathode connected to ground.
  • Adirectional antenna system comprising two rotatable inductive absorption memberaa first inductance mounted: for rotation with. said two absorption members, similar series inductances connecting the opposite ends of said-first:i nductance to adjacentends of said absorption members, a condenser connecting the remote terminals said tuned I closed circuit to be balanced with respect. to ground.
  • Itr az'directional,antenna-system a first pair of. similarsinductances adapted to be exposed to radiant energy, a secondpair of similar inductances; leads connecting. said second pair of similarinductances in seriesbetweenterminals of said: first pair of inductances, an odd inductance -symmetrically disposed in circuit between the twozinductances of thesecondpair, a tuning a capacity connected in shunt with all of said inductances to; form therewith a tunable circuit,
  • an inductance connected theree to and to earth'which inductance is coupled to the first said inductivexcircuit and an electron discharge device having. an anode, a cathode and a control grid,said controlgridand said anode beingrespectively, coupled to opposite free ends of said. aerial portions and said cathode being grounded; said electron discharge device having a ivorkcircuit connected thereto for'indicating the eifects ofthe received radiant energy.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US589100A 1926-06-15 1932-01-27 Method and means for direction finding Expired - Lifetime US2043624A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE272915X 1926-06-15

Publications (1)

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US2043624A true US2043624A (en) 1936-06-09

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US589100A Expired - Lifetime US2043624A (en) 1926-06-15 1932-01-27 Method and means for direction finding

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2043624A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB272915A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL22703C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2460492A (en) * 1946-10-30 1949-02-01 Hoffman Radio Corp Loop inductance compensator

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2460492A (en) * 1946-10-30 1949-02-01 Hoffman Radio Corp Loop inductance compensator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB272915A (en) 1927-12-01
NL22703C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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