US2037444A

US2037444A - Form or mold for walls of concrete and the like

Info

Publication number: US2037444A
Application number: US689054A
Authority: US
Inventors: Rowland T Wales
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1933-09-12
Filing date: 1933-09-12
Publication date: 1936-04-14
Anticipated expiration: 1953-04-14

Description

April 14, 1936. R WALES 2,037,444

FORM OR MOLD- FOR WALLS OF CONCRETE AND THE LIKE Filed Sept. 12, 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet l m m M/ INVENTOR April 14, 1936. R. T. WALES FORM OR MOLD FOR WALLS OF CONCRETE AND THE LIKE Filed Sept. 12, 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. fWw.

an a g- 5-1 E df d April 14, 1936. R WALES 2,037,444

FORM OR MOLD FOR WALLS OF CONCRETE AND THE LIKE Filed Sept. 12, 1933 3 Shee ts-Sheet 3 INVENTQR Patented Apr. 14, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FORM OR MOLD FOB- WALLS OF CONCRETE AND THE LIKE This invention provides certain new and useful improvements in forms or molds used for building walls of concrete or similar material or for facing or covering existing walls or upright surfaces with such material. The principal objects accomplished by this invention are first, to provide molds which may be more quickly and easily assembled and dismantled than molds heretofore available; second, to provide molds which are light in structure while having ample strength and durability, are easily repaired, and which may be produced at a relatively low cost; third, to provide molds which produce a better finished wall.

This invention provides new and useful improvements to a construction of wall mold which has certain features already known by the public and mentioned in this paragraph as follows: Panels or plates (herein called plates) furnish most of the surface adjacent the mold space. These plates are supported by a series of uprights which are also adjacent the mold space and preferably have wings extending laterally from them and adjacent the mold space, the object of these wings being to prevent the plates entering the mold space. The plates are held in position between the uprights and adjacent the mold space by locking means adapted for that purpose. The uprights may be disposed vertically or inclined, to correspond with the face of the wall desired. Likewise they may be either straight or curved, a curved upright being adapted for the inside of sewer or sub-way construction. The relative positions of uprights, plates and locking means are substantially the same for such different kinds of work. The uprights may be secured and held in position by any usual or suitable method for holding such members, but it is preferable to build up a framework comprising the uprights fastened to horizontal stringers spliced end to end and (if the wall is high) uprights spliced on top of uprights. stringers shown in the accompanying drawings are angle shaped in cross section and in most features are the same as shown in a former U. S. patent granted to me No. 1,564,- 651. The stringer splice shown in the same drawings is substantially like shown in said patent. The plates are adjustable and movable relatively to the uprights and. adjustable into and out of position without affecting them. Plates are adjustable and removable without affecting adjacent plates except in special cases. Each locking means is adjustable without moving uprights, other locking means or other plates than the plate or plates immediately held by it. Such construction permits using the same plates and. locking means repeatedly in different parts of the same framework of uprights and stringers before a job is completed. It also permits leaving the framework temporarily in place to sup- 5 I port the fresh wall'after stripping the plates. It also permits good observation of the exposed wall surface before removing the framework. While two uprights are in any one upright position, a plate can be used between them repeatedly at subsequently higher levels, each removal of the plate being made after the concrete behind it has become hard enough to stand up in the small area which the plate covered. It is preferable that the locking means be adapted both for forcing a plate toward the mold space into position and for holding it there. The same nature or property of said means adapts them for holding plates of different thickness. It is also preferable that the locking means be adapted for holding a plate at any level regardless of the intervals at which the locking means may be disposed. The locking means shown herein accomplish all objects mentioned in the three sentences preceding this. 5

This invention provides certain new and useful improvements pertaining to the construction described in the foregoing and has made it more practical and economical. Some of the objects accomplished by this invention are given in the following.

1. Improved construction of uprights wherein each upright comprises rolled metal parts held parallel to each other in permanent assembly by metal stays fastened permanently at intervals longitudinally of the upright. This improved construction of upright has the following advantages. It is stronger, more durable and less expensive to produce. It is nevertheless lighter in weight because the improved construction permits using thicker metal where it is most needed and permits at other places larger openings and longer slots than otherwise possible 'with same strength. The larger openings are more useful for other reasons given hereinafter. Since the longer rolled metal parts require no bending they may consist of steel having a high elastic limit and more durable against blows. This is especially advantageous for the wings at the mold face of the upright. Rolled metal in the outward side of the upright may be thicker than the rolled angles on the mold face, the wings of said angles being preferably thin. Ample strength is thus obtained without thickening said wings. The long slots and. large openings above mentioned greatly facilitate assembling the mold. They also prevent the upright becoming filled with concrete which would subsequently harden therein and prevent the engagement of tie rods, tie wires, locking means and T head bolts and would increase the weight of the upright. If the standard or approved locking means are not available, the large openings permit using other means in considerable variety to hold the plates in position. The large openings also permit easy observation of and access to the heads of T bolts inserted in the slots for fastening stringers and upright splices. They also permit easy attachment of wire and bent rods for various ties and purposes. Workmen may insert their hands in the large openings and obtain perfect grips either for handling the uprights or for climbing all over the erected mold or framework. The rolled edges of the metal parts do not cut the hands of the workmen whereas all such uprights heretofore have been made of sheet steel sheared and punched which cut hands of workmen. The large openings may be formed in the improved metal upright without being punched.

2. An improved construction of plate which is light in weight but very strong where necessary. It is produced at low cost and may be easily repaired. Its construction is very simple and its steel face has a sharp vertical edge near each end on the line which divides the steel face from the rabbet or recess along the end.

3. An improved splice for uprights which comprises a rolled metal channel of strong and com mon shape and size. Both flanges or wings of this channel extend outwardly of the upright instead of enclosing it as in practice heretofore. Since the wings now extend outwardly the channel may be narrower than the uprights and disposed within the space where it can not obstruct placing and removing plates; as explained in the last four lines of this paragraph. The wing nuts of the splice are also shown disposed farther outwardly than the flanges or wings of the channel. That permits using bolts of substantial diameter between the wings of a narrow channel which does not obstruct placing or removing plates and thereby does not necessitate lowering them into position from a higher level as in practice heretofore when required at the same level as the splice.

4. Improved means for locking plates in position. Modifications of these locking means are shown to correspond with modified uprights. Others are shown adapted for special plates.

5. An improved brace for holding an upright vertical does not obstruct placing plates and thereby does not necessitate lowering them into position if required at the same level as the end of the brace. It also requires no bolts and nuts.

This invention also includes certain other improvements which will be hereinafter more fully set forth.

I attain the objects of this invention by the structures illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows a plan view of a portion of a wall mold partly in horizontal section, omitting for clearness certain parts and details which are illustrated in other figures.

Fig. 2 is a similar view showing a modified construction and including uprights of slightly modified construction.

Fig. 3 is a view in larger scale and horizontal section showing a portion of a mold like that in Fig. 1 and showing certain details and a lock bar which were omitted from said figure, the section being on line 33 in Fig. 12 omitting from view certain parts below line 3--3 in Fig. 12 and omitting a channel crossed by that line in the left of Fig. 12.

Fig. 4 is a View in larger scale and horizontal section showing a portion of a mold like that in Fig. 2 and showing certain parts and details omitted from said figure.

Fig. 5 is an elevation of a portion of a special tie-rod and accessory viewed as the arrow 5 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the bent end of each special tie-rod shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and like each end broken from the view in Fig. 5.

Figs. '7, 8 and 9, illustrate an improved bolt cleat in elevation, vertical cross-section and top plan View, respectively.

Fig. 10 is an enlarged horizontal section of an upright like those in Fig. 1 on the line 33 of Fig. 12, omitting all Welds and all parts other than the upright.

Fig. 11 shows an elevation of an upright viewed as indicated by arrows H in Figs. 10, 12 and 13. It also shows a modified upright viewed as the arrows ii in Figs. 14 and 25.

Fig. 12 shows an elevation of a lateral side of two uprights spliced one above the other, the lower partly broken from view. The view is same as arrows E2 in Figs. 3 and 10 except that additional members are also shown. All panels or plates are removed from View except one in the bottom of the background.

13 is a vertical section on line [3-43 in Figs. 1 and 10 showing the upright and a locking cans for a special plate.

Fig. 1a is a similar view on line Hll4 of Fig. 2 showing a modified upright and corresponding means for looking a special plate.

Fig. 15 is a horizontal cross-section of an upright of another modified construction, the section being on line 15 of Fig. 16.

Fig. 16 shows an elevation of the lateral side of the upright of Fig. 15, viewed as the arrow 16 in said figure. It shows also a panel or plate, the locking means and a special cover or fabric.

Fig. 17 is a plan view of means for splicing uprights together, viewed in the same direction as the arrow I 7 over the same part in Fig. 12.

Fig. 18 shows a side of the locking means shown in Fig. 3 viewed as indicated by arrow I8 in said figure.

Fig. 19 shows a side of the locking means shown in Fig. 4 viewed as indicated by arrow 19 in said figure.

Fig. 20 shows the broad side of a small accessory part the lateral edge of which is shown in Fig. 13.

Fig. 21 is a vertical section of a concrete retaining plate on line 2 l-2I of Fig. 22 except that the spot welds shown in this Fig. 21 are a little behind the plane indicated by said line 2 |-2l of Fig. 22.

Fig. 22 is a plan view of a concrete retaining plate partly broken away.

Figs. 23 and 24 are a side elevation and an end view, respectively, of a stringer splice like shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 25 shows an elevation of the lateral side of an upright and a brace both partly cut away, and illustrates the means of connecting the said parts together.

Figs. 26 and 2'? are an elevation and top plan View, respectively, of an accessory which may be used with the type of upright shown in- Figs. 14

and '25. Another view of this accessory is shown in Fig. 25.

Fig. 28 is a horizontal section of the concrete retaining plate shown in Fig. 22 before fastening its Vertical angles and battens in place.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, all uprights shown are of hollow construction which is preferable. The preferred modification of upright D is shown in Figs. 1, 3, 10, 11, 12 and 13. The slightly modified upright D is shown in Figs. 2, 4, 11, 14 and 25. The more modified upright D is shown in Figs. 15 and 16. Herein the word outwardly means in a direction outwardly from the mold space. The outward side of an upright or other part means the side farthest from the mold space. Outward edge means edge farthest from the mold face. An outward corner of an upright means a corner at the outward side of the upright and extending longitudinally thereof. A lateral side means a side extending from an outward corner toward the mold space. Outward surface means a surface facing outwardly. Wood means wood or its equivalent for boring holes therein or nailing parts thereto. Screws, nails, wire and the like mean either as stated or equivalents for accomplishing the same objects. Metal means steel or iron or other material capable of use as a substitute therefor,exceptthat it does not mean wood. Fastenedpermanentlymeans that the fastening need never be broken, parted or disconnected except to permit repairing or junking some part of the mold. The outward third of an upright means all that part of it between two planes, each plane parallel to the mold face, one plane coinciding with or touching the outward side of the upright and the other plane crossing the upright at a distance from the aforesaid plane equal to one third the distance therefrom to the mold face. A metal upright means an upright which comprises metal in its outward and lateral sides and wherein the major strength and rigidity in the outward third of the upright is furnished by metal. Adjacent the mold space means either directly adjacent thereto or separated therefrom only by some material used for lining the mold space either partially or wholly without preventing the relation between plates and uprights when assembled as set forth herein. Such a lining is illustrated by B nailed to the lower part of the mold face of the upright shown in Fig. 16. Mold. face means a face adjacent the mold space. A rolled angle means herein an angle made by rolling when all or most of its metal is hot or plastic enough for rolling, and does not mean an angle made by bending sheet metal or plate.

Concrete or the like is shown at A in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 13, 14 and 25. In Fig. 1 uprights D are shown held at proper distances apart by stringers In Fig. 2 uprights D are shown held by stringers G in similar manner. In Fig. 12 a stringer G is shown in vertical section and the means of fastening it securely to an upright is shown to be the T head bolt R carrying a loosely fitting sleeve Q and bolt cleat P. The sleeve shown here is a blank nut. The long dimension of the head of bolt R extends horizontally. In plan view it is like the head of bolt R shown in Fig. 17. It is securely prevented from rotating by the tongue of the bolt cleat P which is shown fully in Figs. '7, 8 and 9 where the tongue P is shown narrower than the hole P The point of P is also shown to be rounded. Since the tongue P is narrower than the hole P it may be (and preferably is) narrower than the bolt R which elsewhere.

passes through the hole P in P and therefore it will not be obstructed in entering any slot immediately after the slot is entered by the head of R. The point of P is also narrower than its width This also helps avoid such obstruction. The shank of bolt R is shown passing through G and the tongue of the bolt cleat is shown extending through the same hole in G with the bolt. The bolt cleat remains permanently carried on the bolt R and the latter remains permanently in the hole through G and therefore permanently carried by G. In Fig. 12 the bolt R and the tongue of P adjacent to R are shown engaged in the outward side of the upright D. They pass through a vertical slot in D like the slot 11 shown in Fig. 11. When entering the slot the long dimension of the head of R is held parallel to the slot. After inserted it is turned to the horizontal position and the wing nut is drawn tight, that operation forcing the tongue of the cleat into the position shown where it is held securely by the nut and sleeve. The upright splice J shown in Figs. 12 and 17 is shown fastened to the uprights D by four bolts R entering the same kind of slots in the outward side of the uprights and secured by the same kind of bolt cleats P. The bolts, cleats and sleeves in J are disposed and function in the same manner as the bolt the sleeve and cleat shown in G and fully discussed above. The bolts and cleats in J also have the same dimensions as those in G but the sleeves S differ from Q because the space in J prevents. In Fig. 1 the stringer splice H is shown fastened to stringers G by bolts R. These bolts are carried by the stringers, have cleats and sleeves like those at the stringer G in Fig. 12 and function the same in every way except that they enter vertical slots in the splice H. These slots are shown at h in Fig. 23.

In Figs. 1, 2 and 12 ordinary tie rods I are shown passing through the mold space for holding the uprights against outward movement. Most of these rods are shown partly broken from view but one in Fig. 1 and one in Fig. 12 are shown more fully and those two are each shown equipped with an ordinary rod clamp I holding the upright D through which the rod passes.

Special tie rods M are shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 6. One end of each is bent and has a small hole. m for holding wire m. The bent ends in Figs. 1 and 2 are each shown held in engagement with an upright by a wire m passing through a hole m which is shown in Fig. 6 nearer to the end of the rod than is the bend. In Fig. 2 an adjustable device is shown attached to each of these rods M and is adjustable longitudinally thereof In Fig. 2 it is an ordinary rod clamp I and engages another upright. The wires m hold the rods adjacent the uprights and thereby keep the rod clamps in engagement with same. In Figs. land 5 an adjustable device comprises the rod N welded to sleeves n holding set screws 11. The welds are shown in Fig. 5 at n In Fig. 1 the free end of N is shown bent and held in engagement with an upright in the same manner as the end of M.

The uprights D shown in Figs. 4, 14 and 25 are in every respect like D shown in Figs. 3, 10, 12 and 13, except that the short metal parts (2 are omitted from D Referring principally to Fig. 10 and otherwise to Figs. 3, 4, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 25, the details shown inconstruction of uprights D and D are as follows. The outward corners are shown formed by rolled steel angles d held at a uniform distance apart throughout their lengths by stays (2 One wing of each angle 11 is shown 76 extending toward the other angle d. The other wing is shown extending less than half the distance from the corner toward the mold space. Part of the mold face is shown formed by rolled steel angles d which are shown thinner than angles d and also form wings extending laterally from the upright. Angles 03 may be as thick as desired and are shown connected with each other and with angles 01 by short channel shaped metal stays d disposed at intervals longitudinally of the upright and fastened permanently to angles d and al One wing of each angle d is shown forming part of the mold face and extending laterally of the upright and the other wing is shown extending outwardly of the mold space and within the space between the metal wings d which extend toward the mold space and are fastened to :1 Each stay has a web 01 and two wings. The wings extend toward the mold space and are also indicated by (1 Humps d are shown on the lateral sides of d for guiding plates B into proper positions. Otherwise the edge of the sheet b of the plate B might be placed outside the wing d of the upright, or a corner of B might collide with the heads of screws 01 or with the upper or lower edges of the wings 01 The web d has a hole (1 for inserting tie rods I or other ties. The angles cl and d are thick enough to prevent the upright being bent appreciably as a result of the pressure of concrete or the like on plates between the uprights. Part of the mold face is shown formed by the wood (1 fastened to d by the screws :1 The sharp exterior corners of the rolled angles (1 are shown disposed and extending directly adjacent the long edges of the wood d and thereby protect them. The mold face of d is shown in the same plane with exterior faces of the angles. The narrow stays d shown in the ends of the uprights, have each a web and two wings disposed in manner like the webs and wings of the other stays. In Figs. 11, 13 and 14 all stays are shown fastened permanently to the angles (1 which form the outward corners of the upright, by are welds c1 On each of the large stays d having web c1 two of the welds (Z are shown disposed in line extending longitudinally of the upright and at a substantial distance apart. In Figs. 12 and 25 all stays are shown fastened permanently to angles d by arc welds (1 On each of the large stays d two of the welds (Z are shown disposed in line extending longitudinally of the upright and at a substantial distance apart. That disposition of the welds gives substantial resistance against both a deformation of the stay and a stress which otherwise would bend the upright. That applies also to the disposition of welds (2 above stated, and it also applies to the disposition of welds (1 which are shown fastening the stays to angles 01 The short metal parts d are shown fastened in place permanently by arc welds 01 in Fig. 12 and (Z in Figs. 12 and 13. Each short metal part d has one long face or surface shown in Figs. 3 and 10 inclined or sloping downward toward the mold space as shown in Figs. 12 and 13. It is obvious that an edge sloping downward toward the mold space would accomplish the same object as said surface is shown herein to accomplish. An edge is considered herein to be a surface of minute width. In Figs. 13 and 14 holes for tie rods are shown at d In the mod;- fied form of upright D shown in Figs. 15 and 16 a channel shaped part of sheet metal (1 extends the full length of the upright in place of the stays and angles at shown in the other figures.

Slots and holes (1 are punched in series extending longitudinally on the center line of the web and in positions corresponding to slots d and holes (1 shown in. Fig. 11. Large notches d are shown punched in the lateral sides at of the part d". Each notch is shown having one edge (1 which slopes or inclines downward toward the mold face and corresponds with the sloping face or surface of d shown in Figs. 12 and 13 and specified above. The line d in fact indicates a narrow surface having width equal to the thickness of the sheet metal as shown in Fig. 15. However it is obvious that cl would accomplish the object for which it is used regardless whether it is a narrow surface or an edge. If either an edge or a surface slopes downward toward the mold space and occurs in or on any modification of upright whatsoever, (regardless whether connected temporarily or permanently thereto), either said edge or said surface is considered herein as the equivalent of the other, and either word edge or surface shall mean either edge or surface. The plural words edges and surfaces shall also have a meaning corresponding to the meaning set forth in the last sentence preceding this. The sheet metal forming 01 is preferably thicker than angles d to give sufficient strength where needed. Except as stated above the construction of the upright D is the same in important features as D and D shown in other figures. In this upright D one wing of each angle d is shown extending outwardly of the mold face and within the space between the metal wings al which extend toward the mold face and are fastened to d and the other wing of d is shown forming part of the mold face and extending laterally of the upright. If the inclined face of d or inclined edge 01 is not close enough to the mold space, a metal filler piece L may be used as shown in Fig. 13. The lower end of L has a notch as shown at L in Fig. 20. This notch fits over the upper edge of the wing d of a stay as shown in Fig. 13 or over the lower edge of notch 11 if used in the modification of upright D The construction of the plate B is shown in Figs. 3, 4, 21, 22 and 28 as follows. The metal sheet forming the mold face b is bent to form Wings 12 extending outwardly along the upper and lower edges of the mold face. A long metal strip 19 is shown fastened inside b by spot welds 22 through both sheet and strip. A small filler piece of metal sheet Z9 of the same thickness as b is shown spot welded to the end of D This occurs at both ends of both strips 1) and makes each long narrow face at top or bottom of the plate extend in same plane with the face of b The wood battens Z1 and 12 are shown fastened to b by screws entering the end faces of the battens. A batten Z7 is shown nailed to angle 19 This is accomplished by a plurality of nails like at b the others being masked from view below b The metal angle 22 is shown fastened to b by spot welds like shown at b Other spot welds like at b are below it and masked from view. The apex of the angle b is shown at a substantial distance from the vertical edge of b and on the outward side of the sheet which forms b. The edge of one wing of b is shown adjacent the edge of b and extending adjacent thereto, both edges extending upright. The points of nails 17 and b are shown clinched. The final blow of a hammer on b dents b enough to leave the face of the nail head flush with or deeper than the face b. In Figs. 1 and 2 are shown plates of special width formed of upright boards K, horizontal battens k and strips 70 The strips k are thinner than the boards and thus form recesses to engage the metal wings of the uprights as shown. In Fig. 1 the ends of the wooden bar E are shown inserted in the uprights and driven downward to force E against k and hold the wood plate in position. This is accomplished as 'shown in Fig. 13 where E is forced toward the mold space by the wedging effect of the inclined face of (1 when E is driven downward between it and k. Therefore in Fig. 1, E may be considered as a special lock bar operated in the same manner as E shown in other figures. Inv Figs. 2 and 14, E is shown held in place by the angles (1 of the uprights and wedges F are shown driven between E and k to force the latter toward the mold space and hold the plate in position. At the corner of the wall mold in either Fig. 1 or 2 the strip 70 is fastened in the corner plate at sufficient distance outward to hold the edge of the adjacent board K flush with the mold face of the adjacent upright. In Fig. 1 this board K is also held by a thin metal ribbon k nailed to both K and the wood face of the upright as shown. In Fig. 2 the same object is shown accomplished by the wire 70 connecting a. nail in k with the nearest corner of the upright. In Fig. 1, one end of the wooden bar E is disposed in the outward side of one upright D and the other end in the lateral side of another upright D where it is driven downward to force the end of 70 toward the mold space and hold the wood plate in position in the same manner as illustrated by E d and k in Fig. 13 and described above. In Fig. 2 one end of the wooden bar E enters the outward side of one upright and the other end enters a lateral side of another upright. The latter end is held by an angle of the upright D and a wedge F is driven between E and k to force the end of k toward the mold space and hold the plate in position.

The lock bar E is shown in Figs. 3, 12, 16 and 18, comprising a metal angle and two short metal rods 6. The rods are shown fastened tothe wing of the angle which extends downward when in position. They act as bearing pieces against the inclined metal edges in the uprights shown in Figs. 1, 3, 10, 12, 13, 15 and 16, and against (Z shown in Fig. 5. The other wing which extends outwardly when in position, is shown notched at e at one end of the angle. The rod at this end of the angle is shown ending flush with the end of the angle. The rod at the other end is shown extending a short distance beyond the angle. The rods are shown fastened by arc welds e and e In Fig. 3 each end of the lock bar is shown engaging a different upright D. The notch e permits assembling and removing the lock bar without disturbing either upright. In Fig. 12 one end of the lock bar is shown between the panel B and the inclined face of d The other end of the lock bar is disposed in same manner at another upright masked from view. When the ends are forced downward the inclined faces of d force the lock bar toward the mold face and the plate B and thereby force the plate B into position and hold it there. The incline of the face of (1 also makes the same look bar adjustable to plates of different thickness. Since all the openings d are alike, the same look bar is adjustable to all and therefore to different positions longitudinally of the upright. Since the uprights are parallel to each other the plates are adjustable at any level between them regardless of the intervals at which the lock bars may be assembled. In Fig. 16 the end of the lock bar E is shown between the plate B and the inclined edge d which accomplishes the same object as the inclined face or surface of Z in Fig.

12. Likewise the adjustable metal part 01 shown in Figs. 25, 26 and 27 furnishes an inclined face or surface for use in uprights D so that the same look bar E may be used with uprights D and accomplish the same object as with D and D The modified form of upright shown in Figs. 2, 4 and 14 has no inclined surfaces or inclined edges to force a lock bar toward the mold space. To accomplish this object a modified form of lock bar is shown at E in Figs. 4 and 19. It shows an angle similar to E except that it is punched with six holes through the horizontal wing and is notched at both ends. One notch is shown long enough to permit assembling E without disturbing the uprights D One wing of E extends upward as shown and E is forced toward the mold space by driving wedges f to cooperate with levers F. Each lever F is shown having two lugs or'pinions 1 one extending downward and the other upward. The two are shown formed by one rod passing through F and fastened thereto by a weld f After E is assembled each lever F is assembled, the lower end of i being inserted downward through a corresponding hole through E Each lever F is adjustable to either end of E to any other E because regardless whether extending to the right or left, one end of 1 will extend downward through a corresponding hole in E and act as a fulcrum for F when the wedge f is driven downward between F and the upright wing of E The point of the wedge f passes further downward through one of the holes I in E as shown. A wire or equivalent line f is shown attached to F through a hole therein. This line is useful to facilitate the handling of levers F when not assembled and to act as a flag when they are being gathered from the ground.

Fig. 25 shows an improved brace holding the upright D erect. The Wood part of the brace is shown at T fastened to the stake T by bent spikes T all of which is common in practice heretofore. At the upper end of the brace the angle 15 is shown nailed to T and a Wire 25 passing through a hole t in t. A lag screw 25 is shown driven in T at a substantial distance from the hole 25 A steel tube t is shown fastened at the upper end of t by are welds t Wires t are shown fastened to the upright D passing outward through the hole (1 and the tube t Below the tube one wire is fastened at t and the other at the lag screw F. The two wires are shown twisted together within the tube and below it. That was accomplished by rotating the brace before fastening it to the stake T in the earth T The twisting of the wire drew the tube firmly to the upright D and holds it there. Any tube, sleeve, collar ring or other means which will encircle the wire and oppose pressure from the upright in the same manner as shown by t is considered herein as equivalent of the tube t Referring again to the construction of plate B, a batten b at each end of the plate is protected by a strip of metal 12 shown nailed to E1 in Fig. 22 and at the bottom of Fig. 16. The nails are shown at 13 While preferred embodiments of the invention have been specifically described herein and shown in the drawings, it is to be understood that the invention may be otherwise embodied and modified within the scope of the appended claims.

having a part which forms part of a lateral side of the upright, a broad face of said part extending in a direction transverse of the mold face, another of said elements being spaced apart from the former and being disposed at a greater distancefrom the mold space than the former is, the element which is disposed at said greater distance forming at least one outward corner of the upright and having a wing which forms another part of the same said lateral side of the upright and is spaced apart from the first said part, said long metal elements being connected by metal stays disposed at intervals longitudinally of the upright.

2. A wall mold according to claim 1 wherein each of said stays is a short channel shaped part comprising two wings and a web extending between them, both said wings extending toward the mold space from said web.

3. A wall mold according to claim 1 wherein the long metal element forming an outward corner of the upright is fastened to each of said stays by at least two welds disposed at a substantial distance apart and on a line extending longitudinally of the upright and thereby giving sub- .stantial resistance against both adeformation of the stay and a bending of theupright and against movement of said long metal element longitudinally of another long metal element.

4. A wall mold according to claim 1 wherein each outward corner of the upright is formedby a metal angle extending longitudinally thereof, one wing of the angle extending from the outward corner toward the mold space, the other wing of same angle extending toward the angle forming'the other outward corner of the upright, the two said angles being held at a uniform distance apart throughout their lengths by said stays, the space between theangles being crossed by the stays and thereby forming slots inthe outward side of the upright at centers alternating with the positions of the stays, the ends of the slots being formed by the stays and the slots being adapted for inserting bolts, cleats, ties and the like.

5. A wall mold according to claim 1 wherein short metal parts are permanently fastened in the lateral sides of the uprights and wherein lock bars hold plates in position and prevent bending them outwardly, each lock bar being adjustable against the outward side of a plate, one end of the lock bar extending through a lateral side of one upright while the other end extends through a lateral side of another upright, the lock bar engaging one of said short metal parts in each of said uprights, each of said short metal parts having a surface which slopes downward toward the mold space and is thereby adapted to force a lock bar against a plate and toward the mold space.

6. A ,wall mold comprising a series of uprights adjacent the mold space, plates between the uprights and adjacent the mold space, means cooperating with the uprights for holding the plates inposition, openings in the lateral sides of the uprights and adapted to receive said means, each uprightcomprising a plurality of long metal elements'spaced apart, disposed parallel to each otherand connected by a series ofmeta-lstays disposed at intervals longitudinally of the upright and fastened permanently to said long metal elements, one of said long metal elements forming at least one outward corner of the upright and extending less than half the distance fromsaid corner to the mold space, said openings being each within an area bounded by at least two said elements and by at least twosaid stays, short metal parts being temporarily disposed in the lateral sides of the uprights, each of said parts having a surface whichslopes downward toward the mold space and is thereby adapted to force said means toward the mold space.

'7. A wall mold comprising a series of metal uprights adjacent the mold space, plates between the uprightsand adjacent the mold space, the plates held in position by lock bars each of which is adjustable against the outward side of a plate, and prevents bending the plate outthrough a lateral side of one upright while the other end extends through .a lateral side of another upright and .the lock .bar is held against the .plate by means adapted for holding the space.

8. A wall mold comprising a series of metal uprights adjacent the mold space, plates bea lateral side of one upright while the other;

end extends through a lateral side of another upright, each upright having a series of in clined metal edges in its lateral sidesand disposed ,at intervals longitudinally thereof, each inclined edge sloping downward toward .the mold space and thereby adapted to force a lock bar against a plate and toward the mold space.

9. A wall mold according to .claimlS wherein a filler piece is temporarily disposed between one of said inclined metal edges and a lock bar,

and has a notch which engages the upright.

10. A wall mold according to claim 8 wherein the lock bar comprises an angle having a metal bearing piece fastened inside each end.

11. A wall mold according to claim 8 wherein the lock'bar has an outwardly extending wing notched in at least one end.

12. A wall mold comprising a series of metal uprights adjacent the mold space, plates between the uprights and adjacent the mold space, and means cooperating with the uprights for holding the plates in position, openings in the lateral sides of the uprights, said means extending therethrough, each upright having a series of inclined metal edges in its lateral sides and disposed at intervals longitudinally thereof, each inclined edge sloping downward toward the mold space and thereby adapted to force said means toward the mold space.

13. A wall mold comprising a series of lip-- rights adjacent the mold space, plates between the uprights and adjacent the mold space, means cooperating with the uprights for holding the plates in position, a brace for holding an upright erect, one end of the brace comprising a tube extending longitudinally of the brace and open at both ends, at least two means for fastening wire to the brace at a substantial distance from the tube and from each other, wire fas- .20 wardly, one end of the lock bar extending .25 lock bar at different distances fromthe mold tened to the upright, two thicknesses of the wire passing through the tube and fastened one to each of said means and holding the brace firmly to the upright after the brace has been rotated to twist the wire within the tube.

14. A wall mold having small cleats in a temporary framework of metal members, some of said members having slots extending upright, others having holes carrying bolts for fastening the members to the members having the slots, the head of each bolt being narrower than the slots and longer than the width thereof so that the bolt head may enter and leave said slots without disconnecting the bolt from the member which carries it, the bolt being engaged in one of said slots, the length of its head extending transversely of the length of the slot, a cleat being connected with the bolt and having a tongue extending through the same slot and preventing the bolt rotating, the tongue being adapted to enter and leave the slot without disconnecting the cleat from the bolt, the part of the tongue near its point being narrower than the shank of the bolt and therefore well adapted to enter the slot.

15. In a wall mold having two faces meeting to form an inside corner of a wall face, the mold comprising a series of uprights adjacent the mold space, plates disposed between the uprights and adjacent the mold space, means cooperating with the uprights for holding the plates in position, and a plate of special width extending between two uprights, one upright forming part of one of said two faces, and the other upright forming part of the other face, said plate of special width being held in position by means including a bar entering the lateral side of one said upright and the outward side of the other said upright.

16. In a wall mold comprising plates held by a temporary framework of members including uprights and other members connected therewith, a special tie disposed entirely outside the mold space and connecting two members of said framework, the tie comprising a rod, one end of the rod having a permanent bend at a short distance from the end and a hole at a shorter distance from same end, the bent end inserted in one of said two members and held thus by wire passing through said hole, a device being attached to the rod, adjustable longitudinally thereof, held in contact with the other of said two members and adapted for preventing the rod moving in at least one direction relative to the member with which said device is held in contact.

1'7. A wall mold comprising a series of uprights adjacent the mold space, plates between the uprights and adjacent the mold space, means cooperating with the uprights for holding the plates in position, a plate of special width held in place by barsand cooperating means, each bar extending into the lateral sides of two uprights, said means extending between the bars and said plate.

18. In a wall mold comprising plates held by a temporary framework of members including uprights and other members connected therewith, a special tie disposed entirely outside the mold space and connecting two members of said framework, the tie comprising two rods, one end of each rod having a permanent bend at a short distance from the end and a hole at a shorter distance therefrom, the bent end being inserted in one of said two members and held there by wire passing through said hole, one of said rods having metal elements fastened permanently thereto, forming passages embracing the other rod and holding set screws in position for clamping said other rod and thereby preventing each rod moving longitudinally of the other.

19. A wall mold having a hollow metal upright, each lateral side thereof having a part extending toward the mold space, one face of the upright being adjacent the mold space and comprising both a wood surface and parts of two long hot rolled metal elements having exterior corners disposed directly adjacent the long edges of said wood surface, each of said elements having a wing adjacent the mold space and a face extending transversely of said wing and outwardly of the mold space farther than the distance to said part extending toward the mold space, said face being fastened to said part.

20. A wall mold having plates and uprights adjacent the mold space, said plates each having a metal sheet in its mold face and battens extending upright, the plate having recesses in the upright edges of its mold face, two metal angles extending substantially parallel to the upright edges of the metal sheet, the plane of one wing of each angle being substantially parallel to the plane of the sheet, the edge of said wing being substantially adjacent and substantially parallel to an upright edge of the sheet, and the apex of the angle being at less distance from the center of the sheet than the distance from said edge to said center.

21. A wall mold having plates and uprights adjacent the mold space, said plates each having a metal sheet in its mold face and battens extending upright, each batten being adapted throughout its length to bear directly against a lock bar extending transversely of it and toward two separate uprights which cooperate in holding the lock bar against the battens, the metal sheet being bent outwardly to form wings along its upper and lower edges, the plate having a long metal part fastened permanently on the inside of each outwardly extending wing of the metal sheet and extending longitudinally of the wing and in the spaces between the wing and the ends of said battens, the end of each batten being held by fastening means disposed entirely apart from the mold face but in a position nearer thereto than the distance therefrom to the outermost part of the batten, said long metal part being the means for holding said fastening means entirely apart from the mold face and in said position.

22. A wall mold having uprights connected by a narrow splice having a narrow channel shaped part the sides of which extend outwardly of the mold, the Web of the channel being fastened to the uprights by boltsv having nuts, the bolts passing through sleeves within the narrow channel, the sleeves holding the nuts far enough from the web to free them from obstruction by said sides and thus permitting the use of bolts of maximum diameter within the narrow channel.

ROWLAND T. WALES.