US2035491A - Removal of wax from hydrocarbon oil - Google Patents

Description

Patented Mar. 31, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Bernard Y. McCarty, Beacon, N. Y., and William E. Shelton, Fort Worth, Tex., assignors to The Texas Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application June 8. 1934, Serial No. 729,802

3 Claim.

This invention-relates to the removal of wax from hydrocarbons and more particularly to an improved process for the removal of parafiin from lubricating oil fractions derived from petroleum.

This application is a continuation-in-part of our co-pending application, Serial No. 578,206, filed November 30, 1931, now Patent No. 1,995,153, issued March 19, 1935, for Removal of wax from hydrocarbon oil.

The invention contemplates a process of dewaxing wax-containing lubricating oil fractions by filtration at low temperatures, wherein the waxcontaining oil is mixed with a wax-precipitating liquid medium composed of a solvent liquid or 1 mixture of solvent liquids which is completely miscible with, and exerts a substantially complete solvent action upon, the oil at the temperatures at which the wax constituents are precipitated from the oil in solid form and which has substan- 20 tially no solvent action on the solid hydrocarbons at such temperatures. The resulting mixture is then chilled to precipitate the solid hydrocarbons which are removed by filtration.

More specifically the invention contemplates mixing with lubricating oil fractions a wax-precipitating liquid medium composed of a mixture of ortho dichloro-benzene with either amyl gicohol, eth ene-glycol-mono-butylegler, eth I heme, ro lene dichloride or ethylene dichlgngg, In some instances, ordinary commercial benzine may be used as in the case of mixtures with the ether compound.

The amyl alcohol referred to above may include the various isomers of amyl alcohol, or mixtures 35 of them, such as Pentasol or the fusel oil of commerce. Other aliphatic alcohols, containing from four to seven carbon atoms, including butyl and hexyl alcohols or their isomers may be employed.

An object of this invention is to effect dewax- 40 ing of paraflln-containing hydrocarbon oils with an improved type of solvent liquid composed of a mixture of solvents having selective solvent properties between the oil and the wax constituents and which, in addition, retains its selective 45 solvent properties at relatively low temperatures whereby the precipitation of the wax from the mixture, particularly in the case of mixtures with relatively viscous oils, is effected in a more readily fllterable form. At the same time, a high yield of dewaxed oil is obtained.

A further object has been to develop a. solvent liquid which possessed the foregoing properties at relatively low temperatures and which is, 65 therefore, adaptable for the manuiacture of lubrlcating oils having pour tests of 20 F. and lower.

A selective solvent suitable for the foregoing dewaxing operation, and particularly when composed of two or more organic solvents, must retain its homogeneity and its property of remaining completely miscible with the liquid hydrocarbon constituents of the mineral oil at temperatures substantially well below F. Complete miscibility is necessary in order to prevent separation of such liquid hydrocarbons from the solution. Such separated liquid hydrocarbons materially increase the viscosity of the solution thereby tending to reduce the filtering rate to a point where the operation is not economical. In addition, the presence of this separated liquid gives rise to a condition which is productive upon filtration of a wax cake containing substantial amounts of oil so that the maximum yield of dewaxed oil is not realized.

It is essential that such a solvent mixture remain completely homogeneous at these low temperatures and not exhibit any tendency for any of its components to separate from the mixture. Upon separation of one of the components from the solvent mixture, the ratio of the components remaining in the mixture is altered, thereby changing its selective solvent properties so that the wax constituents will not be completely precipitated and/or appreciable amounts of the liquid hydrocarbon may separate from the solution due to the resulting lack of complete miscibility on the part of the solvent with the oil owing to its altered condition.

Extensive investigation has demonstrated that a solvent liquid or solvent mixture satisfactory for use as a wax-precipitating medium in the dewaxing of wax-containing hydrocarbon oils must possess, among other things, low absolute viscosity and low viscosity temperature coeflicient, high oil solubility at low temperatures, low wax solubility at low temperatures, low freezing point, and also possess the property of precipitating wax in a readily filterable condition.

Accordingly after investigating various solvent liquid mixtures, it has been found that a mixture of ortho-dichloro-benzene and amyl alcohol, diethylene-glycol-monobutyl ether, propylene, or ethylene dichloride, possesses the foregoing combination of properties, thereby rendering it superior to the solvent liquids or liquid mixtures hitherto used in the art and, therefore, particularly well adapted as a wax-precipitating medium for use in the manufacture of low pour test parailln base lubricating oil. The relative proportion of these liquids to each other. as well as that or the resulting solvent mixture to the oil. may be varied as desired, depending upon the nature of the oil undergoing treatment.

Thus when dewaxing a lubricating distillate fraction, having a viscosity of around to Saybolt universal seconds or higher at 210' 1"., about thirty parts oi the oil may be mixed with about seventy parts of a solvent mixture composed of around 20% ortho-dichloro-benzene and about 80% oi commercial grade amyl alcohol. The resulting mixture is then chilled to about l0 F. or to a temperature corresponding substantially to the desired pour test of the resulting dewaxed oil, following which it is subjected to filtration while still maintained in a cold condition to separate the precipitated wax constituents. Advantageously filtration may be carried out in the presence of a finely divided comminuted filter-aid material which may be added to and commingled with the cold mixture of oil, solvent and suspended wax crystals. After removal of the solvent liquid from the filtrate, the resulting lubricating oil will have a pour test of 0 F. or lower.

Similar results may be obtained. on the other hand, by mixing the oil in about the same proportion with a solvent mixture composed of about 65% ortho-dichloro-benrene and about 35% of either ethylene or propylene dichloride. It is irequently desirable to employ a solvent liquid mixture in which the benzene is at least equal in volume to either the ethylene or propylene dichloride.

While the use of the foregoing solvent liquid mixtures has been described in connection with a lubricating distillate traction of relatively high viscosity, it is contemplated that mixtures of these solvent liquids may be equally well employed with oils or various viscosity ranges. It is also contemplated that mixtures of these solvent liquids are not necessarily restricted to dewaxing distillate fractions but may also be used in dewaxing various wax-bearing fractions of mineral oil.

Obviously many modifications and variations aossaor of the invention, as hereinbeiore set forth, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and therefore only such limitations should be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

We claim:

1. The process of dewaxiug wax-bearing oil which comprises mixing with the oil a selective solvent liquid composed of ortho-dichlorobenzene and an aliphatic alcohol having the wax anti-solvent character and action of commercial amyl alcohol in such proportions that at temperatures ot the order oi -10 F. the mixture has substantially complete solvent action on the oil but substantially no solvent action on the wax, chilling the mixture to precipitate the wax. separating the wax thus precipitated, and removing the solvent from the resulting dewaxed oil.

2. The process of dewaxing wax-bearing oil which comprises mixing with the oil a selective solvent liquid composed of ortho-dichloro-benzene and a liquid comprising commercial amyl alcohol in such proportions that at temperatures of the order of -10 F. the mixture has substantially complete solvent action on the oil but substantially no solvent action on the wax, chilling the mixture to precipitate the wax, separating the wax thus precipitated, and removing the solvent from the resulting dewaxed oil.

3. The process of dewaxing wax-bearing oil which comprises mixing with the oil a selective solvent liquid composed of ortho-dichloro-benzene and commercial amyl alcohol in such proportions that at temperatures of the order 01' 10 F. the mixture has substantially complete solvent action on the oil but substantially no solvent action on the wax, chilling the mixture to precipitate the wax, filtering the cold mixture in the presence of a filter-aid material to remove the wax, and removing the solvent from the resulting dewaxed filtrate.