US2033452A - Process for the chemical stabilization of paper and product - Google Patents

Process for the chemical stabilization of paper and product Download PDF

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Publication number
US2033452A
US2033452A US756896A US75689634A US2033452A US 2033452 A US2033452 A US 2033452A US 756896 A US756896 A US 756896A US 75689634 A US75689634 A US 75689634A US 2033452 A US2033452 A US 2033452A
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Prior art keywords
paper
bicarbonate
barium
tarnishing
treatment
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Expired - Lifetime
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US756896A
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Otto J Schierholtz
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Ortech Corp
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Ortech Corp
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Priority to US756896A priority Critical patent/US2033452A/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
    • D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the stabilization of paper whereby it is rendered non tarnishing to metals, suc
  • the invention is designed principally for th treatment of paper, such as wall paper, newspaper, wrapping paper, etc., made from chemical pulp and mechanical pulp which contains acid or acid-forming bodies.
  • Unsized paper such as filter paper, which has been purified or refined to a high degree, is non-tarnishing to metals and relatively stable without the treatmen
  • the stabilizing process consists essentially in introducing an alkaline earth metal bicarbonate,
  • the alkaline earth metal bicarbonate may be introduced into the paper in several ways,-as
  • the bicarbonate is of such character and is applied in such limited amount that it does not iniure thepaper in any way, i. e. attack and weaken the cellulose fiber, or produce discoloration, or impair the finish, or interfere with the sizing of the paper, or interfere with the use of the paper, e. gas a wrapping paper for foods.
  • the paper is left and may be applied to the finished paper or as a it is passing over the drying rolls.
  • the instability of paper and its tarnishing properties generally are attributed to or associated with its acidity, i. e. to the presence in the paper of acid-acting substances or substances which'tend to develop acidity as the paper ages.
  • This acidity or tendency to develop acidity may be inherent in the cellulosic fibrous material used, as in the case of mechanical pulp, or it may result from the chemical treatment employed for the production of the pulp, or it may result from the sizing of the paper with materials such as alum, or a conibination of these causes.
  • paper may be neutralized by treatment with, for instance, caustic alkali and filled with acid-neutralizing bodies, such as calcium carbonate, without accomplishing a stabilization thereof, such as is accomplished by the process of the present invention.
  • Paper may moreover be rendered non-tarnishing to metals ,by incorporating materials such as lead.
  • the instability of paper may be shown and tested in various ways, for instance by testing its strength after an accelerated aging, or by testing its tarnishing action on metals under accelerated conditions.
  • the following method has been found to be most convenient for test purposes.
  • a specimen of paper is coated with a suspension of gilt powder in a starch gum paste and placed in a closed glass vessel containing water so as to maintain a high humidity and allowed to stand usually for about 48 hours at room temperature.
  • the gilt or metal powder is an alloy of copper, zinc and aluminum in about the following proportions: copper, 91.2%; zinc 6.1%; and aluminum, 1.7%.
  • the starch paste is of the type commonly used in the paper industry and is composed of starch, borax, glucose, phenol and water. If the paper specimen is unstable the gilt will show a definite tarnish ing.
  • An aqueous solution of barium bicarbonate is prepared by bubbling carbon dioxide through an aqueous suspension of finely divided barium carbonate until a suitable quantity of the barium carbonate has been converted to the bicarbonate and dissolved, i. e. to a concentration of about 0.15 to 0.20 percent of barium bicarbonate, ii. the carbonation is carried out in the cold and without pressure. A higher concentration may be obtained by carbonation under pressure.
  • the suspension of barium carbonate may contain any desired excess thereof over that necessary to give the desired concentration of barium bicarbonate.
  • the resulting solution of barium bicarbonate containing barium carbonate in suspension may be applied to the paper directly, or it may be first filtered to remove the undissolved barium carbonate.
  • the paper to be stabilized is immersed in the solution for a length of time determined by tests, which time may vary from about 5 seconds, i. e. just sufilcient to wet the paper up to about 2 minutes.
  • the time required depends upon the concentration of the barium bicarbonate solution and the character of the paper, and since the cause of tarnishing and instability are not exactly known, the time required cannot be accurately determined by chemical analysis of the paper; However, some indication as to the time of immersion required may be obtained by observing the tarnishing properties of the paper in the above described tarnishing test.
  • the paper may be sprayed on or between the drying rolls of the paper-making machine with the barium bicarbonate solution, or the paper may be impregnated with a solution of barium hydroxideither by immersion or spraying, and then treated with carbon dioxid either in gaseous form or in solution to convert the barium hydroxid to the carbonate and bicarbonate.
  • the described treatment with barium bicarbonate confers upon cheap paper, such as ground wood paper, some of the properties of a highlypurified paper such as filter paper.
  • the treatment does not introduce anything into the paper which is objectionable in connection with ordinary commercial uses of paper.
  • the treatment is inexpensive and renders many cheap papers, which otherwise would be unstable, entirely satisfactory for use as-gilt or'decorated wall paper, gilt printing paper and the like;
  • the paper is rendered resistant to 88 18.
  • the treatment of the paper does not interfere with the normal sizing process. 4
  • the treatment of paper with the other alkaline earth -metal bicarbonates, strontiumbicarbonate and calcium bicarbonate may be identical with the procedure described above in connection with the use of barium bicarbonate, excepting that the solubility of these bicarbonates must be taken into consideration in determining the quantity of solution to be applied.
  • Mixtures of the bicarbonates of two or more of the alkahne earth metals may of course be used and the presence of small amounts of other materials in the impregnating solution, such as sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, is not excluded, although, as is apparent, the impregnating solution should be free of any substance having a detrimental action on the paper.
  • Process of stabilizing paper and rendering it non-tarnishing which comprises impregnating the paper with an. alkaline earth metal bicarbonate in aqueous solution.

Description

Patented Mar. 4 10, 1936 PATENT OFFICE PROCESS FOR THE CHEMICAL. STABILIZA- TION OF PAPER AND PRODUCT Otto J. Schierholtz, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,
assignor to Qntario Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, a corporation of Ontario, Canada No Drawing. Application December 10, 1934,
Serial No. 756,896
11 Olaims.
This invention relates to the stabilization of paper whereby it is rendered non tarnishing to metals, suc
as silver, bronze, etc., with which it is broug t into contact and inert with respect to inks and colors, etc., applied to the paper, andmore durable with age.
The invention is designed principally for th treatment of paper, such as wall paper, newspaper, wrapping paper, etc., made from chemical pulp and mechanical pulp which contains acid or acid-forming bodies. Unsized paper, such as filter paper, which has been purified or refined to a high degree, is non-tarnishing to metals and relatively stable without the treatmen The stabilizing process consists essentially in introducing an alkaline earth metal bicarbonate,
such as strontium. bicarbonate, calcium bicarbonate or barium bicarbonate into. the paper after the paper web has been formed and preferably after it is'sized. Many sizing processes, such as the well-known alum-rosin size, require acidity and/or give rise to acidity in the paper, and the stabilizing treatment should, therefore, follow such sizing treatments in order not to interfere with the sizing treatment and also to take care of any acidity resultingfrom the sizing treatment. v
The alkaline earth metal bicarbonate may be introduced into the paper in several ways,-as
relatively small amounts and does not, and is not intended to, serve to fill the paper, although some slight filling action may incidentally occur due to reversion of the bicarbonate to the normal carbonate or to the use of a solution of bicarbonate containing the normal carbonate in suspension.-
The bicarbonate is of such character and is applied in such limited amount that it does not iniure thepaper in any way, i. e. attack and weaken the cellulose fiber, or produce discoloration, or impair the finish, or interfere with the sizing of the paper, or interfere with the use of the paper, e. gas a wrapping paper for foods.
As a result of the treatment the paper is left and may be applied to the finished paper or as a it is passing over the drying rolls.
The instability of paper and its tarnishing properties generally are attributed to or associated with its acidity, i. e. to the presence in the paper of acid-acting substances or substances which'tend to develop acidity as the paper ages. This acidity or tendency to develop acidity may be inherent in the cellulosic fibrous material used, as in the case of mechanical pulp, or it may result from the chemical treatment employed for the production of the pulp, or it may result from the sizing of the paper with materials such as alum, or a conibination of these causes. 'However, the treatment is not to be regarded as being merely a chemical neutralization of the paper because it has been found that paper may be neutralized by treatment with, for instance, caustic alkali and filled with acid-neutralizing bodies, such as calcium carbonate, without accomplishing a stabilization thereof, such as is accomplished by the process of the present invention. Paper may moreover be rendered non-tarnishing to metals ,by incorporating materials such as lead.
paper, i. e. in, the form of a solution, to the formed sheet, and if a sizing treatment requiring' the presence of acid or resulting in the presence of acid is used, the treatment must be applied after the sizing. Materials such as calcium carbonate, introduced into the paper at an earlier stage 'in the formation of the paper are not effective, probably because they react with the acid or acid-forming constituents of the paper too slowly and incompletely.
The instability of paper may be shown and tested in various ways, for instance by testing its strength after an accelerated aging, or by testing its tarnishing action on metals under accelerated conditions. The following method has been found to be most convenient for test purposes. A specimen of paper is coated with a suspension of gilt powder in a starch gum paste and placed in a closed glass vessel containing water so as to maintain a high humidity and allowed to stand usually for about 48 hours at room temperature. The gilt or metal powder is an alloy of copper, zinc and aluminum in about the following proportions: copper, 91.2%; zinc 6.1%; and aluminum, 1.7%. The starch paste is of the type commonly used in the paper industry and is composed of starch, borax, glucose, phenol and water. If the paper specimen is unstable the gilt will show a definite tarnish ing.
While this test determines only the tarnishing properties of the paper, it has been found that it is also a fairly accurate indication of the stability of the paper because ordinarily a paper which will tarnish is also unstable. However, instability, that is, tendency of the paper to deteriorate, particularly in strength, with age may not be directly proportional to the tarnishing properties of the paper and this may be determined by the so-called oven test. This test is not as delicate as the tarnishing test, but has been found to show that paper which has been stabilized in accordance with the present invention generally sufiers only about one-half as much in loss or strength as untreated papers, other than those of the type of high grade filter paper, which are inherently non-tarnishing and stable. ti The following example illustrates the invenon.
An aqueous solution of barium bicarbonate is prepared by bubbling carbon dioxide through an aqueous suspension of finely divided barium carbonate until a suitable quantity of the barium carbonate has been converted to the bicarbonate and dissolved, i. e. to a concentration of about 0.15 to 0.20 percent of barium bicarbonate, ii. the carbonation is carried out in the cold and without pressure. A higher concentration may be obtained by carbonation under pressure. The suspension of barium carbonate may contain any desired excess thereof over that necessary to give the desired concentration of barium bicarbonate. The resulting solution of barium bicarbonate containing barium carbonate in suspension may be applied to the paper directly, or it may be first filtered to remove the undissolved barium carbonate. The paper to be stabilized is immersed in the solution for a length of time determined by tests, which time may vary from about 5 seconds, i. e. just sufilcient to wet the paper up to about 2 minutes. The time required depends upon the concentration of the barium bicarbonate solution and the character of the paper, and since the cause of tarnishing and instability are not exactly known, the time required cannot be accurately determined by chemical analysis of the paper; However, some indication as to the time of immersion required may be obtained by observing the tarnishing properties of the paper in the above described tarnishing test. As a result of numerousexperiments I have found that a relatively unstable paper, such as one made from ground or mechanical pulp, requires an impregnation with about 40 pounds of barium bicarbonate per ton of paper. Other less unstable papers require correspondingly smaller amounts.- After the impregnation of the paper with the barium bicarbonate solution, it is dried, preferably without the application of high temperature.
As an alternative to the above described procedure involving immersion of the paper in the barium bicarbonate solution, the paper may be sprayed on or between the drying rolls of the paper-making machine with the barium bicarbonate solution, or the paper may be impregnated with a solution of barium hydroxideither by immersion or spraying, and then treated with carbon dioxid either in gaseous form or in solution to convert the barium hydroxid to the carbonate and bicarbonate. I
Although tarnishing and instability in paper appear to be associated with acidity, and my treatment has been found to result in bringing the pH value of the paper to approximately 6.5
or higher, nevertheless my treatment is not merely a chemical neutralization of the acidity of the paper, because, as has been stated above, a sample of paper may be neutralized to the same extent with sodium hydroxid without rendering it chemically stable as determined by the gilt tarnishing test described above.
The described treatment with barium bicarbonate confers upon cheap paper, such as ground wood paper, some of the properties of a highlypurified paper such as filter paper. The treatment does not introduce anything into the paper which is objectionable in connection with ordinary commercial uses of paper. The treatment is inexpensive and renders many cheap papers, which otherwise would be unstable, entirely satisfactory for use as-gilt or'decorated wall paper, gilt printing paper and the like;
and aside from the tarnishing properties the paper is rendered resistant to 88 18. The treatment of the paper does not interfere with the normal sizing process. 4
The treatment of paper with the other alkaline earth -metal bicarbonates, strontiumbicarbonate and calcium bicarbonate, may be identical with the procedure described above in connection with the use of barium bicarbonate, excepting that the solubility of these bicarbonates must be taken into consideration in determining the quantity of solution to be applied. Mixtures of the bicarbonates of two or more of the alkahne earth metals may of course be used and the presence of small amounts of other materials in the impregnating solution, such as sodium carbonate or bicarbonate, is not excluded, although, as is apparent, the impregnating solution should be free of any substance having a detrimental action on the paper.
I claim:
,1. Process of stabilizing paper and rendering it non-tarnishing which comprises impregnating the paper with an. alkaline earth metal bicarbonate in aqueous solution.
2. Process as defined in claim 1 in which the solution of the alkaline earth metal bicarbonate contains the normal carbonate of. said metal in suspension.
3. Process as defined in claim 1 in which the impregnation is accomplished by'treatlng the impregnation with alkaline earth metal bicarbonate solution is applied to the paper after it has been sized.
5. Process as defined in claim 1 in which the impregnation with alkaline earth metal bicarbonate solution is applied to the paper while it is being dried.
6. Process as defined in claim 1 in which the paper is immersed in the alkaline earth metal bicarbonate solution for from about 5 seconds to about 2 minutes.
'7. Process as defined in claim 1 in which the alkaline earth metal bicarbonate solution contains about 0.15 to 0.20% of barium bicarbonate.
8. Process as defined in claim 1' in which the alkaline earth metal bicarbonate solution contains calcium bicarbonate.
9. Process as defined in claim 1 in which the alkaline earth metal bicarbonate solution contains strontium bicarbonate.
10. Process as defined in claim 1 in which the paper is impregnated with about 40 pounds of barium bicarbonate per ton of paper.
11. Paper which has been stabilized and rendered non-tarnishing by impregnation with an alkaline earth metal bicarbonate.
OTTO J. SCIHERHOLTZ.
US756896A 1934-12-10 1934-12-10 Process for the chemical stabilization of paper and product Expired - Lifetime US2033452A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3898356A (en) * 1974-02-28 1975-08-05 Us Army Method of deacidifying paper
US4522843A (en) * 1984-01-25 1985-06-11 Kundrot Robert A Deacidification of library materials
US4559103A (en) * 1982-08-05 1985-12-17 Honshu Seishi Kabushiki Kaisha Packaging paper and packaging material for packaging metallic material and method of producing the same
US5433827A (en) * 1993-12-21 1995-07-18 Pulp And Paper Research Institute Of Canada Method for the deacidification of papers and books
WO1999042657A1 (en) * 1998-02-20 1999-08-26 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Calcium carbonate synthesis method and resulting product
FR2775301A1 (en) * 1998-02-20 1999-08-27 Air Liquide A new process for the synthesis of calcium carbonate in contact with cellulosic fibers, for the manufacture of printing paper
US6214165B1 (en) 1999-07-13 2001-04-10 Joseph Zicherman Method for deacidification of papers and books by fluidizing a bed of dry alkaline particles
US6641877B2 (en) 2001-03-02 2003-11-04 Ronald E. Johnson Article and method for retarding the deterioration rate of acidic paper
DE102008034100A1 (en) 2007-09-18 2009-03-19 Stu Fakulta Chemickej A Potravinárskej Technológie Multifunctional device for modification of cellulose material such as printed- and paper products from books, magazines, manuscripts, maps and works of art on paper, technical drawings and other documents, comprises a drying chamber

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3898356A (en) * 1974-02-28 1975-08-05 Us Army Method of deacidifying paper
US4559103A (en) * 1982-08-05 1985-12-17 Honshu Seishi Kabushiki Kaisha Packaging paper and packaging material for packaging metallic material and method of producing the same
US4522843A (en) * 1984-01-25 1985-06-11 Kundrot Robert A Deacidification of library materials
US5433827A (en) * 1993-12-21 1995-07-18 Pulp And Paper Research Institute Of Canada Method for the deacidification of papers and books
WO1999042657A1 (en) * 1998-02-20 1999-08-26 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Calcium carbonate synthesis method and resulting product
FR2775301A1 (en) * 1998-02-20 1999-08-27 Air Liquide A new process for the synthesis of calcium carbonate in contact with cellulosic fibers, for the manufacture of printing paper
US6387212B1 (en) 1998-02-20 2002-05-14 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process for obtaining fibers integral with calcium carbonate particles
US6214165B1 (en) 1999-07-13 2001-04-10 Joseph Zicherman Method for deacidification of papers and books by fluidizing a bed of dry alkaline particles
US6641877B2 (en) 2001-03-02 2003-11-04 Ronald E. Johnson Article and method for retarding the deterioration rate of acidic paper
DE102008034100A1 (en) 2007-09-18 2009-03-19 Stu Fakulta Chemickej A Potravinárskej Technológie Multifunctional device for modification of cellulose material such as printed- and paper products from books, magazines, manuscripts, maps and works of art on paper, technical drawings and other documents, comprises a drying chamber

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