US2033076A - Method of and apparatus for forming hollow glass articles - Google Patents

Description

G. E. HOWARD March 3, 1936.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING HOLLOW GLASS ARTICLES Filed June 1, 193 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 mm M 17 2 Z m G 0 n 1U. A k I 1D.

March 3, 1936.

G. E. HOWARD METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING HOLLOW GLASS ARTICLES Filed June 1, 1954 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 95 F! .2. 96 88 I g 93 i 5' 4 66 94 i8 43 7 49 85 46 a2 ,78 45 44 43 36 11a 75 1-: 5 :6; 4140 35 34 o I I I f I 5 l 99 (L56 37 53 I09 67| I22 52 6 H 52 124 68 l 4 J I 107 a 115 5 5 700 59 3 W mm.

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Patented Mar. 3, 1936 P EN METHOD or AND- APPARATUS Foe-roam- ING HOLLOW GLASS ARTICLES George E. Howard, Butler, Pa., assignor to Hartford-Empire Company, Hartford, Conn" a corporation of Delaware Application June 1,1934. Serial Nb. 728,503 36 Claims (01.49-5) This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for forming hollow glass articles, and more particularly to such a method and apparatus wherein the glass is maintained with the same 5 end uppermost throughout the forming process. Apparatus which may be, used for carrying out the method may be supplied with charges of glass .from above in any suitable manner, as by the well known glass feeding devices now in common use, and the articles maybe thereafter formed without inversion of any mold.

Among the objects of the present invention are:

(1) To provide a method and apparatusfor forming hollow glass articles in which a charge of glass is supplied to one mold and molded to some extent therein; the molded charge or blank is then transferred to a second mold in which glass is ,forced upwardly initially to form a neck finish portion of the article to be made and to form a temporary cavity in the opposite end of the blank which is afterwards destroyed by blowing through the neck to form a. hollow parison, which parison is thereafter transferred to a third mold in which it is expanded to final form.

(2) To provide in a method and apparatus of the type above set forth for the forming of a hollow ended blank incident to forming the neck portion of such a blank in the second mold by the application of pressure to the lower central portion of the glass in the mold to force this central portion only of the glass upwardly in the mold and into the neck ring while maintaining the peripheral portions of the glass in contact with the walls of the parison mold and without substantial movement, so that the parison when formed will have a length substantially the full length of the parison mold. A

(3) To.provide for the forming of a hollo ended blank by the application of pneumatic. pressure preferably in such a manner that the pressure is eifective both by its pressure eifect and its dynamic effect, and preferably also to pro vide means for controllably balancing these two efiects.

(4) To provide for the forming of a hollow ended blank as above set forth in such a manner that the glass will contact with the walls of the parison mold progressively from the bottom to the top thereof and thus substantially to eliminate such variations in the thickness of the article as finally form-ed as cause the defect known in the art as a settle wave.

(5) To provide for the forming of a hollow ended blank and at the same time to provide a controlled cooling of the surface glass bounding Gil ' tion substantially on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1;

the depression in the hollow-ended portion of the blank.

(6) To provide a novel transfer of a preliminary solid blank, having no neck finish portion between molds on two continuously moving ta- 5 bles or mold carriers which are laterally offset one from the other on substantially the same working level. A

('7) To provide novel timing means for the forming machine, the control being such that the 10 application of pneumatic pressure,'i. e., either admission or exhaust, or both,- is independently controllable for each of the molds or article forming units, such timing means to include but a single valve in a pressure line used in conjunction'with adistributor synchronized with the rotation of the carrier and in a special case concentric therewith.

(8) To provide an automatic glass forming machine including a final blow mold mounted upon a rotary can'ier, wherein provision is made for tilting the final blow mold to a position such that its longitudinal axis isat an angle to the vertical for the purpose and in an amount calculated to compensate atleast in part for the efiect of centrifugal force incident to the rotation of the carrier upon a partially formed glass article in'the mold.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a reading 30 of the following specification and appended claims when takenin conjunction with the accompanying d awings, in-which: I

Figure 1 is a plan view of an entire machine embodying my invention and adapted to carry 35 out the methods thereof; 4

Fig. 2' is a fragmentary view substantially in vertical section onthe line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view substantially in vertical section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3a is a detailedxview in plan showing a neck ring and its operating mechanism;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary view in vertical sec- Fig. 5 is adetailed view principally in vertical section on the line 5-5 of Fig.2, the holders for the parison body mold being shown in side elevation; l v

Fig. 6 is a detailed view. substantially in vertical section on the line 6-'-6 of Fig. '2;

Figs. 7,8, 9, and 10 are detailed views in.horizontal section ofthe pressure distributing means on the lines 1-1, 8-8, 9:9, and.- l0l0 respectively of Fig.- 3;

Fi s. 11, 12, and 13 are detailed views in horizontal section of the pressure distributing means on the lines II-II, I2I2, and I3--I3 respec such as the commercial "Hartford I, S. ma chine, and also that if a rotary type machine be chosen as an embodiment of the invention, such machine may be either intermittently or continuously rotated.

Base structure for the machine and rotating means for the mold carriers I have illustrated a continuous type machine having three mold carriers thereon, the first for blank molds, the second for parison molds, and the third for final blow molds, suitable means being provided for rotating the carriers continuously, for mounting the molds and for accomplishing the various forming operations.

There is shown at I a base for the machine whichmay be mounted directly upon the factory floor or may be mounted upon wheels (not shown) .in the usual manner. The base I has a laterally ofiset portion 2 on which is mounted the blank mold carrier generally indicated at 3.

For supporting the blank mold carrier, the ex-- tension 2 is provided with a supporting bracket member 4 (Fig. 2) having a central vertical bore 5 thereinin which is mounted for vertical ad- ,jnstment a sleeve-like member 6, which is splined in the member 5 as shown at 1. Within and preferably pinnedto the member 6 as at 8 is a vertical'column 9 about which the blank mold.

serted for rotating the member ID and thereby.

for adjustingthe members 6 and 9 vertically, rotation of these members being prevented by the spline I. By this means the blank mold carrier may be adjusted as a whole in a vertical direction in order to compensate for the height of molds and as a set-up adjustment.

The member 6 is provided at its upper end with an annular flange-dike portion I2 in which is received a suitable raceway for ball bearings I3 carrying the verticalthrustincident tothe weight load of the blank mold carrier 3. "The blank mold carrier is thus rotatable about the column 9 and on the ball bearings I3.

- As illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3, there is provided a parison mold carrier generally indicated at I4, which is suitably mountedfor rotation on ball bearings I5,and about a central hollow column I6. The column I6 may be suitably secured to the base I as illustrated by bolts H. The hollow column I6 supports at its upper end a central stationary column I8 in which air distributingpassages are formed as will be hereinafter set forth. The column I8 is suitably stepped into the upper end of the hollow column I3 and is I4, and 20 continuously. I Blank mold, mounting and operating means thereaosaove also preferably splined thereto as illustrated at I9 (Fig. 3) to prevent relative rotation of these parts.

Adjacent to the other end of the main base I, there is mounted a final blow mold carrier 20, the weight load of which is carried upon ball bearings 2| (Fig. 4). The blow mold carrier is mounted for rotation about a hollow column 22 secured to the main base I, as by bolts 23. The hollow column 22 supports at its upper end a stationary column 24, similar to the column I8 and similarly used for distributing pneumatic pressure as will be hereinafter set forth.

The blank mold carrier 3 is provided with a peripheral ring gear 25 meshing with a ring gear 26 on the parison mold carrier I4, and this ring gear is in turn in mesh with a ring gear 21 formed integral or rigid with the blow mold carrier '20. Thus motion imparted to any one of these carriers will be imparted through the meshing gears 25, 26, and 21 to the other carriers.

I prefer to rotate all the carriers continuously,

. as above referred to, and for this purpose I have shown a drive shaft 28- (Figs. 1 and 3) which is preferably driven from some suitable prime mover (not shown) and preferably also driven in synchronized timed relation with the'operation ofa suspended charge feeding device such as is now in common use in the art, a' suitable clutchinot shown) being provided for discontinuing the operation of the forming 'machine during the continued operation of the feeder as is now common in the art as is shown, described and claimed in Lorenz Patent No. 1,740,310, see Figs. 11, '42, and There is preferablyalso a suitable overload shearing pin arrangement (not shown) for breaking the driving connection from the prime mover to the machine in the event that some part or parts of the machine should encounter such interference or'any obstacle which will cause an overload on the drive and/0r which might cause breakage of any of the machine parts. Such a shearing pin is shown, for example, in Rowe Patent No. 1,979,211, see Fig. 1. All this subject matter is common in the art and hence it has not been thought necessary to illustrate it.

journaled in a bracket 32 secured to the base I of the machine. At its upper end this shortvertical shaft carries a pinion 33 meshing with the ring gear 26, so that motion imparted to the drive shaft 28 will be imparted through the gear train above'described to rotate each of the carriers, 3,

f (Figs. 1 and 2) On the blank mold carrier 3, :I have shown a plurality, in this case four of blank molds 34, it being-understoodthat as many molds may be employed on this carrier as desired with suitablechanges made inthe diameter of the blank mold carrier. and/or of the rotating gear 25 thereof in theevent that a different number of molds is chosen. The molds 34 are formed as illustrated "in' mating portions or halves, each supported in a mold holder 35. The holders -35 of each mold are pivoted on a common pintle 36 whichis mounted upon a swing plate 31, the plate 31 being in turn mounted upon the carrier 3 for limited lateral swinging movement about the axis of a vertical pintle 38 eccentric of the vertical axis of the blank mold carrier for a purpose to be explained hereinafter..

Means are provided for opening and closing the blank mold halves when desired, such means comprising a pair of links 39 (Fig. 1) connecting the halves respectively with a sliding crosshead 40. The crosshead 40 is arranged for sliding movement on a shaft 4| (Fig. 2) rigidly carried by the swing plate 31 as indicated at 42. The crosshead 46 carries a cam roller 43 arranged to ride around the outside of astationary cam 44 which is carried by the stationary column 9 about which the blank mold carrier 3 is rotatable.

For opening the blank mold for transferring a blank from the blank mold to a. parison mold in a manner hereinafter to be described, the rollers 43 are-successively moved substantially radially sively riding up a portion of the surface of the cam 44 illustrated at the right in Fig. 1, thus moving the rollers 43 successively substantially radially outward of the blank mold carrier and successively causing the closing of the associated blank molds.

Blank mold bottom plate, mounting and operating means therefor I have illustrated at a-bottom plate for each blank mold 34, this bottom plate being slidable in a substantially radial direction in guideways formed in the swing plate 31 so that the bottom plate may be slid from under a formed charge of glass or molded blank at the desired time as will be hereinafter set forth. The bottom plate 58 is normally maintained at its radial outward position by means of a stationary cam 51 secured to the center column 9 and engaging a cam roller 52 mounted upon a bracket 53 depending from the bottom plate 58.

When it is desired to move the bottom plate 50 in a substantially radial inward direction to permit the blank to drop downwardly with respect to the blank mold, the outside of the roller 52 is engaged by an upstanding finger 54 secured to the piston rod of a pneumatic cylinder 55,

which is in turn secured to the center column 9, the finger 54 engaging each of the rollers 52 in succession. Pressure may be conducted to the opposite ends of the cylinder 55 through the pipes 1 56 and 51 underthe control of timing means to be hereinafter described.

' Lateral swing of the blank mold As above set forth, the swing plates 31 are mounted for a limited swinging movement about the axis of their pivots 38. These swing plates are biased clockwiseof the blank mold carrier 3 by tension springs 58 (Figs. 1 and 6) extending between suitable anchorages 59 secured to the blank mold carrier 3 andthe swing plates 3'|.- Each swing plate 31 is also provided with a roller 60 (Fig. 2) secured to a bracket 6| (Fig. 1) -on a pinof a stationary cam 63 (Fig. 2) and thus serves to swing the associated swing plate 31 aboutthe axisof its pintle 38 against the action of the tension spring 58, this action taking place during the parison mold in a manner more specifically to be described hereinafter.

Parison molds, mounting and operating means therefor The parison mold carrier I4 is provided with a plurality of parison molds arranged about its periphery, there being eight such molds illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Inasmuch as these molds are each similar to the others only one need be described.

.The parison mold 64 is formed as shown in mating portions or halves secured as in the usual manner in mold holders 65 which are pivoted on a common pintle 66. The pintle 66 is mounted in suitable ears in a slide member generally in dicated at 61, which is in turn arranged for substantially radial sliding movement with respect to the carrier M in guides 68, as best seen in Fig. 5.

For opening and closing the parison mold each of the holders 65 is connected by toggle links 69 and ID to fixed pivot points shown as pintles' Ii (Figs. 1 and 5). The. links 69 are in turn connected by links 12 to a crosshead 13 (Figs. 1 and 2). The crosshead 13 is rigidly mounted on the outer end of a piston rod 14 of a pneumatic cyl inder 15, which may be formed rigid or integral with a portion of the radial sliding member 61. Pressure may be conducted to the opposite ends of the cylinder 15 through pipes 16 and 11 (Fig. 3) under control of the timing means hereinafter to be described. Thus radial inward movement of the piston within the cylinder 15 will be effective to open the parison mold 64, and radial outward movement of this piston will accomplish the closing of the mold, the mold being held closed by the toggle links 69 and I0 as will be.

apparent from the accompanying drawings (Fig. 1).

Neck rings, mounting and operation thereof Each parison mold 64 is provided'with an associated but independently controlled neck ring, the arrangement being such that the neck ring is preferably maintained closed by the parison mold, so that when the parison mold is closed, the, neckring willlikewise be held closed, but the opening of the parison mold will not open the neck ring, the opening of the latter being accomplished by independent mechanism.

As shown in the accompanying drawings, the neck ring is illustrated at I8, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 3a, and 4,'and is formed in the usual manner in mating portions or halves, each of which is -interchangeably secured in aholder 19. The holders 19' are preferably pivoted coaxially with the holders 65 for the parison mold on the pintle 66.

For opening the neck ring when such action is permitted by the movement of the parison mold 64 to open position, each of the holders I9 is connected b'ya link 86 (Fig. 3a) to a crosshcad 8| which is arranged for radial sliding movement on a pair of guide rods 82 rigid with the head 61. The cross-head 8| carries a cam roller 83 arranged toengagethe inner face of a stationary cam 84 carried by the stationary column l8 as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3. Closing movement of theneck ringmay be accomplished by closing the associated parison mold, the neck ring having a portion engaging'within the recessed portion at the upper end of the parison mold as transfer of a blank from the blank mold to the Neck pin, mounting and operation thereof Each of the neck rings 18 has associated there'- with aneck pin 85. This neck pin 85 is preferably interchangeably mounted on the lower end of a plunger 88, which is slidingly received in a bracket extension 81-rigid with the radial sliding member 81 carrying the parison mold. The plunger 88 has a reduced portion 88 extending upward through an aperture in a bracket member 89, a spiral compression spring 98 surrounding the reduced portion 88 between a shoulder 9| thereon and the under side of the bracket member 89. A suitable cross pin 92 extends through the reduced portion 88 above the bracket' 89 and serves to prevent movement of the plunger 88 out'of engagement with the bracket under the influence of the spring 98. Thus when the bracket 89 is moved downwardly, as will be hereinafter set forth, the neck pin 85 will be similarly moved downwardly by a force measured by the compression-of the spring 98 and upward movement of the bracket 89 will serve positively to raise the neck pin 85. The bracket 89 is vertically slidable on an upstanding shaft 93 rigidwith the 'bracket extension 81 (Figs. 2 and 3). A helical compression spring 94 extends between the upper surface of the bracket extension 81 and the underside of the bracket 89, being guided by a sleeve portion of the latter bracket which surrounds the shaft 93. The shaft 93 is provided at its upper end'above the bracket 89 with a pair of lock nuts 95 to prevent excessive upward movement of the bracket 89 under the influence of the spring 94. The bracket 89 is further provided with a cam roller 98 adapted to engage the underside of a stationary cam 91 (Fig. 3), which is rigid with the stationary column I8.

Thus when the roller 98 rides under the cam surface 91, the bracket member 89 will be lowered against the compression of the spring 94 and guided by the shaft 93 and the plunger 88. This will compress the spring 98 and result in the lowering of the plunger 88 and neck pin 85.

mouth of the glass to counterblow, the parison,

this pressure being supplied to the space around the neck pin in the bracket extension 81 through ta pipe 98 from the central pneumatic pressure distributor in a manner to be hereinafter specifically described, there being a suitable flexible portion in this pipe to permit of the necessary movements of the parts. The construction and the path of the air through the bracket member 81 is best illustrated in Figs. 16 to 19 inclusive.

Parzjson mold bottom plate andmovements thereof Each parison mold is provided with a bottom plate which isin turn further provided with pressure supplying means for forming a hollow ended parison. For the purposes of the present section of the description, however, the bottom aosao'ze plate will be considered apart from the pressure supplying means merely as a bottom plate and the mounting and movements thereof will be described. The means for supplying pressure to form a hollow ended blank will be later described in a separate section.

Each of the parison molds 85 is provided with a bottom plate generally indicated at 99, which is preferably removably mounted on the outer end of an arm I 88 pivoted on a horizontal axis at IN to the radial sliding member 81. The arrangement is such that the bottom plate 99 may be swung upwardly into position by swinging the arm I88 about the axis of its pivot IM and then looked in position by being engaged in a recessed portion of the parison mold 84. Upward movement of the bottom plate '99 is occasioned by a roller I82 carried thereby riding up the inclined surface of a cam I83, as best seen in Fig. 2, this cam being suitably supported by standards I84 and I85 (Figs. 2 and 3) from the base I, the latter standard being formed as a bracket extending from a standard I88 which is in turn directly supported by the base I The downward limit of the tilting movement of the bottom plate 99 and the arm I88 when the parison'mold 84 has beenopened is determined by a cross member I81 extending between a pair of swinging arms I88 pivoted at I89 to the radial sliding member 81 as indicated in the drawings (see particularly Fig. 3 at the left). I

Blank transfer from blank molds to parison molds While I have described certain of the mechanisms' by which the transfer of blanks may be effected from the blank molds to the parison molds, it-is thought that a particular explanation of this operation will be helpful to an understanding of the operation of the machine as a Whole.

After a blank has been formed as indicated in Fig. 14, and in this case by gravity settling of the.

glass to mold itself to conformity with the internal cavity of the blank mold 34, the blank mold is 9 caused to travel through a portion of its path in alignment with a portion of the path of a parison mold throughout a zone adequate for the transferring of the blank from the blank mold to the parison mold. At the time the blank mold 34 and the parison mold 84 to receive the blank move to the common portion of their paths, the parison mold is open and the bottom 99 thereof raised to its operative position due to the roller I82 riding along a horizontal portion of the cam I83. The blank mold is closed as shown in Fig. 14.

The cooperatingblank and parison molds are caused to travel with their vertical axes in registry for a material time by swinging the blank mold about the axis of the pintle 38, due to the cam roller 88 riding along a predetermined por-' tion of thesurface of cam and causing swinging movement of the swing plate 31 by which the blank'mold and its bottom 58 are carried. -At the same time, the parison mold 84 is moved radially as may be necessary to cause its axis to travel in registry with that of the cooperating blank mold 34 by a cam roller H8 carried by'the associated slide member'81 riding along the surface of a stationary cam I II (Figs. '1 and 3) and thus moving the blank mold radially to a desired varying extent against the tension of the spring II2 which extends between a stud II3 on the radial sliding member 81 carrying the parison mold and a fixed pin II4 carried by the parison during the zone in which the axes of the blank and parison molds follow each other, the blank mold is swung laterally and theparison mold moved radially, both in response to the 'rotation of their several carriers and under the action of fixed cams.

In transferring a blank from a blank mold to a parison mold, the blank moldis positioned as aforesaid above the bottom 99 for the parison mold and the bottom plate 50 of the blank mold moved fromunder the glass by the cylinder 55 in response to the admission of pressure to the pipe 56 and the exhaustion thereof through pipe 51 of that cylinder. This action is illustrated in Fig. The blank mold is then quickly opened by cylinder 4! by admitting pressureto the pipe 48 thereof and exhausting pressure through pipe 49. The "parison mold is then' quickly closed about the blank by admitting pressure to the operating cylinder I5 thereof through pipe TI and exhausting pressure'through pipe I6. This completes the transfer of the blank to the parison mold and brings the operation up to the pointillustrated in Fig. 16. It will be. understood that while all these operations are taking place, the blank mold and parison mold are continuing to travel with their vertical axes in registry as above set forth.

' Parison forming means Arranged for movement axially of each of the bottom plates 99 is an air nozzle formed on the upper end of a slide rod H5. --The slide rod H5 is received in upper and lower bearings H6 and II! in the bottom plate structure as best illustrated at the left in Fig. 3. Surrounding the lower end of the slide rod H5 below the bearing H1 is a helical compression spring H8 extending between the bearing H1 and a suitable abutment H9 formed on the slide rod H5, the spring thus tending always to move the slide rod H5 downwardly with respect to the bottom plate 99. For

moving the slide rod H5 upwardly to project the nozzle upward into the parison mold,the slide rod is provided between the bearings; I I6 and I I] J with a pintle I extendingth'rough a suitable slot I2I' in the stem portion of thebottom plate and carrying at its outer end'a cam roller I22 which is adapted to rideon acam- I23 shown in' Fig. 3. 'The cam I23 may be supported on suitable brackets as the bracket IflIi from the base I r of the machine. Thus when the bottom plate 99 has been locked within the recess in the lower end of the pa'risonmold 64 and the rollerl22 rides up the inclined surface of the cam I23, the nozzle on the upper end of the slide rod l I5 will be projected inwardly of the parison mold.

Means are provided for supplying air under pressure to the nozzle at the upper end of theslide rod H5, such means comprising a pipe I24 (Figs. 2, 3, and 10) from thelowermost distributor of the column I8 (Fig. 3) extending to the bearing of the arm I00 at IIlI which carries the bottom plate 99 and thence through a bore I25 in the arm I09 and a suitable aligned bore in the hollow stem of the bottom plate 99 to a.

. vertically elongated recess I26 formed inthis hollow stem. The pressure passes thence through a. lateral bore and a longitudinal bore I21 in the upper portion .of the slide rod H5 to the nozzle at the upper end thereof. This nozzle is formed to direct the pressure upwardly and outwardly from the upper end of the slide rod I I5 as best illustrated in Figs. 16 and 17, there being a. ta-

pered plug member I28 having a hollow stud at its lower end threaded into a suitable recess formed in the upper end of the slide rod. Thus pressure admitted through the slide rod H5 will be directed upwardly and outwardly from the nozzle formed at the upper end thereof so as to supply pressure to the central lower portion of the parison mold and to supply this pressure in upward and outward directions. Thus the air pressure is effective in two ways, first, by its pressure effect to displace the glass, and, second, by

its dynamic effect on the glass to force it into contact with the side walls of the'parison mold.

Itis contemplated that the initial depression being formed in the lower central portion of the glass may be either by the mechanical pressing action of the upper end of the slide rod effective on the glass or the pneumatic pressure action of the air supplied therethrough, or both, this di- '-vision of the effective action being determined by the relative timing of the initiation of the upward movement of the slide rod I I5 on the one hand and the initiation of the application of pneumatic pressure to the nozzle through the slide rod on the other. e

-I have further provided for. the controlled exhaust or bleeding of pressurefrom the depression being formed in the lower end of the glass, in

order first to balance in a controllable and variable manner the pressureand dynamic effects of the air in forming the cavity or depression in the glass seen at I29 in Fig. 17, and on the other hand inorder to control the amount of air flowing through this depression, into and out of it, and thus to control the cooling of the surface glass bounding the depression or cavity .being' formed.

For this purpose, the slide rod H5 is formed with a longitudinal groove I30, best seen in Figs. 3, 16, and 17, and extending for a predetermined distance along the slide rod. After the slide rod is moved upwardly to, a predetermined extent, the upper end of .the groove I 30 will be exposed to theinner side of the cavity I29 being formed in thefglas's above the upper surface of the bottom pla'.te'99. The lower end of the groove I39 is in .Qalignment with a lateral bore I3I inthe side of the depending sleeve portion of the bottom'plate 99. This bore has associated therewith a manually adjustable bleed valve I32 by which the exhausting of pressure from the depression or trolled.

Thus, if the valve I32 is opened to a material extent, the amount of air which may be bled from the cavity I29 is increased, which will increase the proportional dynamic effect of airon the glass in forming the cavityand decrease the proportional pressure effect thereof, and at the same time by permitting a larger amount of air to flow both into and out of the cavity or depression I29,

cavity I29 in the glass maybe adjustably con-' the cooling of the surface glassbounding such depression will be increased and vice versa.

It is contemplated, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth, that the glass will initially contact with the lower peripheral portion only of the parison mold substantially at the recess I33 .forrned therein -and tliat due to the upwardly tapering configuration of the blank as-transferred to the parison mold, this will be substantially the only point at which the blank will contact with the side walls of the parison mold.

If the blank, is permitted to remain in the parison mold without blowing for any material-time,

the glass will gradually- .settle so as to contact between the glass and the parison mold, as the center portion of the glass is moved upwardly as seen by a comparison of Figs. 16 and 1'7, the

glass will contact with the side walls of the parison mold progressively from bottom to top thereof and will eventually fill the neck ring I8 about the neck pin'85, this condition being illustrated in Fig. 17. 4

,After this condition has been realized, pressure may be cut off through the slide rod I I5, the slide rod retracted to the position shown in Fig. 18,

the neck pin 85 substantially simultaneously re- Fig. 18. The parison is now completed in readi- 1 radially by the cam III in such a manner as to It will be understood that due to the fact that ness for transfer to the blow mold.

the parison mold is formed with a recessed portion I33 and that the blank is formed with an enlarged lower portion or peripheral flange,-

which substantially fits such recessed portion, the lower peripheral portions of the glass will 'be anchored with respect to the parison mold, so that when pressure is supplied as above described or by some mechanical pressure means which might be used, to the center portion only of the glass, the peripheral portions of the glass will be maintained with little if any movement with respect to the side walls of the parison mold and a hollow ended blank will beformed extending substantially the full length of the parison mold as illustrated. The progressive contact of the glass with the side walls of the parison mold, as above described, will be effective practically to prevent such abrupt changes in section in any part of the completed article, that the article will be free from the defect known commercially as a settle wave.

Blow molds, mounting and operation thereof The blow mold carrier 20 is provided with a plurality, in this case eight, of final blow molds each of which is similar to the other, so that a description of one will suffice for all. The blow mold. I 34 is formed in the usual manner in mating portions or halves, each of which is supported interchangeably in asuitable blow mold holder I35, the'holders being pivoted on a common pintle I36. The pintle I36 is suitably mounted in ears I31 in a tiltable carriage I38. The carriage I38 is arranged for tilting movement on the blow mold carrier 20 about the axis of a pintle I38, which is substantially horizontal and arranged tangentially of the blow mold carrier as best illustrated in Fig.4.

Means are provided for opening and closing the blow molds, such means being substantially identical with the means hereinabove described for opening and closing the parison molds 64 and including pairs of toggle links I40 and MI (Fig. 1) connecting the blow mold holders I with pintles I42 fixed on the tiltable carriage I38. The

' closing the blow mold through the pipes I41 and I48 from the central air distributor in a manner 3 aosaore hereinafter to be more specifically described. Thus when pressure is supplied through the pipe I41 to the radially outer end of the cylinder I46 and exhausted through pipe I48 from the radially inner end thereof, the associated blow mold will be opened through the linkage above described. The blow mold will be .closed when pressure is reversed through the pipes I41 and 8.. The toggle links I and HI serve to retain the blow mold closed and looked after it has been moved to closed position by. the pneumatic cylinder I46 as above set forth.

Each blow mold I34 is provided with a bottom plate I49, which may be interchangeably supported on the outer end of a bracket I50 secured to and extending from the tiltable carriage I38 as illustrated.

When it is desired to transfer a completely 1 formed parison from a parison mold to a cooperating blow mold, the parison mold may be moved cause .the axis thereof to move in substantial coincidence with the blow mold axis through a period of angular travel of these molds "sufiicient for the transfer of the parison.

The actual transfer is accomplished by opening the parison mold either before its arrival at .the common zone of its path of travel with the the pipe I48 and exhaustion thereof through the pipe I41 both of the cylinder I46 and controlled in a manner hereinafter to be described. It is contemplated that the opening of the neck ring to release the parison to the blow mold may occur either slightly before, as, or slightly after the closing of the blow mold as may be desired, according to the setting and design of the air distributing system in respect to the configuration of the cam 84.

Final blow head and operating means therefor Each blow mold I34 is provided with an associated blow head generally indicated at I5I which may be of any conventional or desired design. The blow head I5I is mounted on the outer end of a bell crank arm I52 pivoted at I53 to the tiltable carriage I38 and having the other arm of the bell crank connected at I54 to a spring link generally indicated at I55. The opposite end of the link I 55 is connected at I56 to a slide member I51 carrying a cam roller I58 for engagement with the stationary cam I59 which is secured to the stationary column 24 of the machine. The slide member I51 is suitably arranged in guideways I60 for solely radial movement, the guideways having overhanging portions I6I to prevent the dislodgment of the slide member I51 with respect to the guideways.

The link I55 is preferably formed in two parts which are telescopically arranged and including the rod I62 and a sleeve member I63. These partsare urged apart by a compression spring I64 extending between suitable shoulders on the respective parts and coiled about the rod I02.

Pressure to the blow head I5I through the pipe I65 from the pneumatic pressure control means Tilting of the blow mold I have provided means for tilting the blow mold in order to position it with its longitudinal axis at a variable angle to the vertical for the purpose of compensating to some extent at least for the efiect of centrifugal force incident to the rotation of the machine on the glass therein. The tilting of the blow mold is subject to the rotation of the blow mold carrier and preferably is operated by a cam. This permits gradual increase of the angle of :tilt at the rate desired to compensate for inertia lag.. This construction is also particularly desirable in the event that the machine be rotated intermittently as such an operation would entail the variable tilting of the blow mold substantially in synchronism with the intermittent rotative period of movement thereof.

For the purpose of controlling the tilting of the blow mold, each of the tiltable carriages I38 is connected by a, pair of togglelinks I66 and I61 to a pivot point or pintle I68 fixed with respect to the blow mold carrier 20, the link I61 passing through a suitable slot I69 in the lower table or web of the blowmoldcarrier'as illustrated. A tension spring I10 is arranged between the tiltable carriage I38 and a point on the link I61 and tends to straighten the toggle. The arrangement is such that when the toggle links I66 and I61 are straight, as illustrated at the right in Fig. 4, the longitudinal axis of the blowmold is vertical.

- For tilting the blow mold, for example to the. position shown at the left in Fig. 4; there is provided a lever I1I pivoted to the blow mold carrier at I12 and having a cam roller I13 at its lower end for cooperation with a stationary cam I14 which may be mounted on the-base I- of the machine. The upper end of the lever I'll has a part I15, which in the present instance is adjustably associated therewith for engagement through a tapped hole in the lever MI is a manual adjusting screw I18 having an adjusting knob I 19 at its lower end. The upper end of the screw I18 is swivelly connected, as illustrated at I88, to the head of member I15, so-that upon adjustment of the screw I18 by the handle or knob I19, the effective length of the lever I1I is varied by varying the point of engagement between the engaging portion I16 of the lever I11 and the link I61. Thus by lowering the engaging portion I16, by turning the screw I19 to the left, the effective length of the lever. I1I will be shortened and the movement of the link I61 caused by a predetermined movement of the lever "I increased. By the arrangement above described, I am enabled not only to control thetilting of the blow mold in response to the rotation of the blow mold carrier, but also adjustably to control the maximum degree of tilting for a predetermined Arranged parallel to the stem I11 and threaded face I14, the spring I10 will be effective to straighten the toggle formed of links I66 and I61 and move the blow mold to a' vertical axis position.

Timing means, a'ir distributor, etc.

Inasmuch as many of the essential operations of my machine are performed by pneumatic pressure either applied directly as in blowing the glass from one form to another form, or indirect ly as in actuating pneumatic cylindersto open and close molds, I prefer to provide an improved form of timing means particularly for controlling'the distribution of air pressure in a manner such that any and all necessary adjustments are provided by relatively simple means.

In connection with the above, I prefer to providein" conjunction with my machine a series erably of substantially the same construction as that now in use in connection with the commercial Hartford I. S. machine, this construction being fully illustrated and described inIngle.

Patents 1,843,159 and 1,843,160, both granted Feb.

2, 1932,-and 1,911,119, granted May 23, 1933. In the present instance, however, instead of using a relatively small rotating drum for carrying the buttons such as are illustrated at I83 for operating the several valves I have provided a relatively large annularmember I84 which may be rigid with the blow mold carrier 28 as illustrated and which provides a large annular surface in which a plurality of grooves I85 may be formed 'for receiving the buttons I83, so that a large number .of buttons may be positioned as may be desired in any one of the grooves I85.

For the purposes of the present description, it

will be suflicient to say that the valve box I8I' includes a plurality of valves, in this instance eight, each of which is provided with a similar operating means generally indicated at I86 and adapted'to be engaged first by a relatively short button I83 and thereafter by a longer button similar to thoseshown and in the same groove I85. The action of the valves and their operating meansare such that when the operating means for any valve is engaged by a short button, pressure is supplied from the supply line associated with that valve, which may be the common supply line for all the'valves, to the associated pipe leading to the forming machine. This pressure is continuously supplied until the valve operating means I86 is subsequently engaged .by a longer button in the same groove I85 at which time pressure is cut 011 from .the pipe leading to the forming-machine and exhausted through the valve box I6I to the atmosphere. It will be understood that as many sets of short and long buttons as'desired may be positioned in each of the annular grooves I85, so that each valve may be operated a plurality of times for each single rotation of the blow mold carrier. V

Turning now to the forming machine and tracing its connection with the valve box I8I for operating the several instrumentalities, the cylinders 41 and 55 may be operated by valves in the valve box III. For this purpose the active movethrough pipe 48, may be timed adiustably by one of the valves in the box I8I. As shown, the pipe 48 is connected to the uppermost valve (Fig. 4).

The pipe 58 which supplies pressure to the cylinder 55 for retracting the bottom plate 58 from under the blank in transferring it from the blank mold to the blow mold may be connected to the second pipe counting from the top in the valve box I8I.

Inasmuch as the return movement of the pistons in cylinders. 41 and 55 may be operated at any time prior to the arrival of the next suc ceeding blank mold at the transfer zone, the timing of these operations is not critical, so that the pipes 49 and51 of cylinders 41. and 55 respectively may be connected together and both connected to pipe I81 of the valve boxI8I.

Thus the timing of the operations of withdrawing the bottom plate and opening the blank mold may be adjustably timed by suitably positioning the operating buttons in the upper three grooves I85 of the member I84 and also that there may be any suitable number of buttons for performing, these "operations. In this instance eight sets ,of buttons will be required in each of these three grooves.

For performing certain of the operations such as the opening and closing of the parison and final blow molds, it is unnecessary to use the timer I M as these operations may be suitably timed by a distributor which may be located concentric with the rotary carrier for the particular part to be timed.

As shown in Figs. 3, '7, and 8, the stationary column I8 of the parison moldcarrier'll is employed as a distributor, suitable grooves being provided part way around the column at different levels as particularly illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8 and suitable collars being located around this portion of the column and having ports therein communicating with each of the article forming units.

As shown (Figs. 3 and '7) the pipes 18 leading from the radially outer ends of cylinders and employed for supplying pressure to open the parison molds all communicate with a collar I88 surrounding the column I8. This collar is not an integral part of or permanently secured to the parison mold carrier I4, but isadjustabie with respect thereto as best shown in'Fig. 7 by providing the collar with a bracket or extension I89 through which extends an adjusting bolt I90 which is'threaded in an upstanding shaft I9I Thus rigid withthe parison mold carrier I4. by adjusting the screw I90, the collar-l88-may be suitably angularly adjusted with respect. to the parison mold carrier thus varying the timing of the operations of all the associated means collectively The column I8 is provided with a plurality of longitudinal bores two of which are usable in connection with the timing of the opening of the parison mold. As shown, the bore I92 communicates through the pipe I93 (Fig. 3) with a source of live air under pressure, this pressure being adequate to operate pneumatic cylinders to open and close the parison mold. The bore I92 communicates through a lateral bore I94 with a groove I95 extending a short way around the column I8. Another groove I98 extends around another portion of the column and communicates through a lateral bore with a longitudinal stantially at the transfer zone forparisons to ends of the cylinders 15 in a zone beginning sub-' stantially at the zone of transfer of the blanks from the blank molds to the parison molds and extending almost to the zone of transfer'of parisons from the parison molds to the blow molds.

Considering now Figs. 3 and 8, there is illustrated a second collar I98 with which the pipes 11 leading to the radially" inner ends of the cylinder 15 communicate. This collar is simiwith respect to the shaft I9I by a screw 200. The column I8 at this level is provided with a pair of grooves 2M and 282 communicating respectively with the live air bore I82 and the exhaust bore I91.

From a comparison of Figs. 1 and 8', it will be seen that the pipes 11 come into communication with groove 2M during the period that the blanks are being transferred from the blank molds to the parison molds, thus closing the parison molds. The parison molds are then maintained closed, due to their associate pipes 11 remaining in communication with the groove 2M until just prior to the molds arriving at-the transfer zone from the parison molds to the blow molds. The pipes 11 are open to exhaust substantially as or shortly prior to the arrival of the molds at this latter transfer zone and aremaintained open'to exhaust until somewhat before themolds arrive at the transfer zone with the blank molds.

It will'be seen that the only adjustment provided for the timing of the opening and closing of the parison molds isone in. which the collars I88 and I98 may be rotated with respect to the parison mold carrier which will control the timing of the opening and closing of all the parison molds collectively. This is all that is normally necessary in this connection and hence no further'adjusting means are provided;

larly provided with 'an extension I99 adjustable In connection with the distributing of air for supplying blowing pressure to blow the glass in the molds, I prefer to provide an arrangement by which the application, that is the initiation and/or cutting off of the blowing pressuremay be independently controlled for each of the molds or mold units. By the use of some such arrangement, I am enabled to use the machine in the simultaneous-manufacture of difierently shaped articles by the use ofisuitably shaped molds, such .difierently shaped articles requiring in some'instances different blowing times and different time cycles. I i

As shown, each of the pipes I24 leading 'to the air nozzles in the slide rods H5 for blowin gthe glassupwardly in'the molds is connected to a distributor collar 283 (Figs. 3 and 10) and'means are provided for controlling both the initiation and cutting off of pressure through these pipes independently for eachmold and independently. as regards the time of initiation and time of cutting off of such pressure.

If the-total time of application of blowing pressure were less than the time required for any mold to travel an angular distance corresponding to the distance between adjacent molds, the problem would be greatly simplified, but in the present instance I have illustrated an arrange ment by which this pressure may be controlled as above set forth when the total time of application of the pressure is greater than the time for any one mold to travel a dl:tance between adjacent molds.

Under these circumstances there are three sectors around the column I8 provided with independent grooves 204, 205, and 206, these sectors or grooves being separated by spaces substantially equal to the width of the ports in the interior of the collar 293. The grooves 204 and 205 at the beginning and end of the zone through which blowing pressure is desired to be applied are each of less angular extent than the distance between adjacent molds. These grooves are respectively connected to and through bores 20'! and 208 respectively with pipes 209 and 2I0 which lead to the valve box I8I in a manner not particularly illustrated.- The center groove 205 may be of any desired angular extent and is connected through a lateral bore with a central bore 2II which is in constant communication with a scurce'of air under the pressure desired for use in blowing the glass. The short angular extent of the grooves 204 and 206 insures that only one of the pipes I24 is in communication with each of these grooves at any one time. Under these circumstances, the valves in the valve box I8I may be operated independently for each of the molds, so as adjustably to control the timing of application and cutting off of pressure for each of the molds independently. Theintermediate period of each application of blowing pressure is in constant communication with a supply of pressure, so that during this intermediate period pressure will be supplied substantially continuously. The short periods during which no pressure is supplied intermediate the travel of any pipe I24 between the grooves 204 and 205 and between the grooves 205 and 206 are so short as to make little or no difference in the application of pressure and in the operation of the machine. It will be understood that there will be eight sets of buttons for operating the valves communicating with the pipes 209 and 2 I respectively, so that the application of pressure is made independent for each unit and the initiation and cutting oif of pressure are independent each of the other for any one unit.

A somewhat similar arrangement is employed in connection withthe distribution of pressure through the pipes 98 supplying pressure through the neck rings for counterblowing the glass in the parison molds. In this case the pipes communicate the the same distributor ring or collar 203, but at a different level than that at which the pipes I24 communicate therewith. A series of grooves 2l2, 213 and 2M (Fig. 9) are provided about the'column I6 for communication with the pipes 98, grooves 2l2 and 2I4 communicating through bores 2I5 and 2I6 with pipes 2H and 2I8 respectively which lead to. the valve box I8I. The central groove 2I3. communicates through a lateral bore with the central bore 2 in the column I8 and thus with the constant source of blowing pressure or live air. Here again the arrangement is such that theinitiation and cutting off of pressure are independent each of the otherand the application of pressure to each of the molds may be separately controlled by suitably arranging the respective sets of buttons I83 around the annular member I84 in the same manner as above described in connection with the application of pressure through the lower end of the parison molds. The collar 203 is in addition provided with an extension 2I9 which may be adjustably connected to the shaft I9I in the same manner as above described for the collars I08 and I98, so as to vary the timing of the application of blowing air to all the molds collectively. In this case, it will be seen that the timing of both of the pressure applications to both ends of the parison mold will be varied simultaneously by adjusting the screw 220 connecting the extension 2I9 with the standard I9I, any other or further variations which may be desired beingaccomplished by suitable adjustment of the buttons I83 controlling the associated valves of the timer.

Turning now to the blow mold carrier shown particularly on Fig.4 and referring also to Figs. 11, 12, and 13, the pipes I48 leading from the radially inner ends of cylinders I46 and effective when pressure is applied to close the blow molds I34 are all connected to a collar 22I which surrounds the stationary column 24 of the blow mold carrier as best shown in Fig. 4. The column 24 within the collar 22I is provided with two aligned grooves 222' and 223 which are connected respectively with the bores 224 and 225 extending axially of column 24 and connected respectively to a source of live air under pressure and to the atmosphere for exhaust. Thus the pipes I48 are opened to pressure as the associated blow molds move into the transfer zone for the parisons from the parison molds thereto, as seen at the right in Figs 1 and 11. Pressure is continuously applied through the pipes I48 until just prior .to'the take-out zone which is substantially at the bottom as seen in Fig. 11. At this point, the pipes I48 come into registry with the exhaust groove 223 permitting the opening of the blow molds by pressure applied to the opposite ends of the cylinders I46. The collar 22I is provided with an extension 226 which is connected with a web 221 rigid with the blow mold carrier by an adjusting screw 226. Thus the collar may be adjusted angularly about the column 24 with respect to the blow mold carrier for effecting a group adjustment of the time periods of application and exhaust of pressure to all the blow mold operating cylinders I46 simultaneously.

The pipes I41 for supplying pressure to the radially outer ends of the cylinders I46 and thus for opening the blow molds when such action is desired all communicate with a collar 229 located above the collar 22I, as seen in Fig. 4. This collar is similarly provided with an extension 230 (Fig. 12) connectedwith the web 22'! by an adjusting screw 23I for group adjustment of the timeof opening of the final blow'molds. The column 24 within the collar 229 is provided with two parison molds to the blow molds as seen at the right in Fig. 12, such ends of the cylinders I46 being continuously open to exhaust for a period of time extending substantially up to the time of arrival of the final blow molds at the take- I out zone.

. bores 240 leading to the pipe '24I which in turn leads to the valve box I8I, the bore 242 leading to a constant supply of live air for blowing ar-' ticles in the final blow molds and a bore 243 which is open to atmosphere at the upper end of' the column 24 for exhausting any pressure remain ing in the blow heads. The arrangement here shown is one in which the initiation only of the period of application of final blowing pressure.

is controlled by a valve in the box -I8I and in a manner similar to that described for controlling blowing pressure for blowing the parisons. In this case the application of final blowing pressure continues until just prior to the opening of the final blow molds for the removal of the completed articles. It will be noted, however, that this arrangement provides almost as complete a freedom of adjustment as the arrangemenfi above described in connection with Figs. 10 and 11 for controlling the application of air for blowing the parisons in that the application of the initiation of the blowing pressure may be individually controlled as to each mold by the associated valve in the box I 8|, there being the same" number of I pairs of buttons I83 for controlling this valve as there are molds on the final blow carrier, this is eight in the present instance. However, if it is desired to control the timing of the termination of the application of final blowing pressure this may be done by the adjustment of the angularposition of collar 234 with respect to the blow mold carrier, although of course this adjustment will affect all the molds'to the same extent rather than the molds individually. However, this adjustment is usually adequate in this particular relationship as it is normally the practice to continue the application of final blowing pressure until just prior to the opening of the final blow molds.

Fromthe above, it will be seen that I have provided a means by which the operation of the mold opening and closing cylinders for the several molds may be suitably adjusted as a group,

that is all the parison molds may be opened or.

closed at different times and all the blow mo ds may-be opened or closed at difierent times, the opening and closing of the blank molds only being individually adjustable. On the other hand, the application of blowing pressures at the several stages of the process may be individually controlled for each mo d so that articles of different shapes may be made on the machine simultaneously in different mold units by suitably setting up'the machine. Also these results are accomplished by the use of a single valve in the air line supplying pressure for any one of these operations, that is, such as the initiation of the application of pressure for expanding av parison to final form in the blow mold.

Operation of the machine Having now described the construction and talities of my machine, I will describe the operation thereof in forming a single article of hollow glassware.

The blank molds 34 are adapted-to be supplied with glass in any suitable manner, as for examparticular operations of the several instrumen ple by an automatic glassfe'eding device such as are now in common use in the art. The blank molds'may be supplied with glass at any desired point in the rotation thereof, preferably between the position of the blank mold 34 at the'top and that at the left of the blank moldtable, as seen in Fig. 1.

The blank mold 34 is provided with a lower peripheral recess 244 to form a lower peripheral flange portion on the blank, as illustrated, the remainder of the blank being molded as a solid mass into conformity with' the internal'configuration of the blank mold, which is preferably so shaped as to form an upwardly tapering blank as shown at 245. The molding of the blank in the blank mold may be accomplished as illus-,

trated merely by permitting time for the ,glass to settle in the mold and thus to mold itself into conformity with the internal cavity of the mold. Inasmuch as the settling of glass in a blank mold in various ways is common in the art, it is contemplated that any practicable method of blank formation is to be considered within the purview of this invention.

. The blank is next transferredfrom the blank mold to the parison mold, as described above in the section entitled Blank transfer from blank molds to parison molds, by moving the blankmold in registry with the parison mold bottom 99 for a predetermined period of time, withdrawing the blank mold bottom from beneath the blank to permit it to settle on the parison mold bottom as illustrated in Fig. 15, then opening the blank mold 34 and quickly closing the parison mold 64 around the blank before it has time to settle to a point such that the glass cannot be enclosed by the parison mold. The parison mold cavity as illustrated in Fig. 16 is so shaped as to provide .a lateral clearance between it and the upWardIy tapering body portion of blank which is progressively greater from the bottom to the top thereof. This cavity is further provided with a-lower peripheral recess to accommodate the lower flanged portion of the blank as illustrated at I33, Fig. 16.

The blank is then permitted to remain in the parison mold 'without further actionthereon for a predetermined period of time during which the glass may settle further and to'permit reheating of the blank. At the termination of this time, the slide rod I I5 is moved upwardly and pressure is simultaneously supplied therethrough under control of the timing means above described to form a cavity as illustrated at I29 (Fig. 1'7) in the lower central portion of the glass and to force the glass upwardlyin the mold so as progressively to contact with the walls of the mold from bottom to top thereof and to fill the neck ring about the neck pin. This action has been fully "described above in connection with the description of these parts. During this action, the lower peripheral flange portion 244 on the glass anchors that portion of the glass with respect to the parison mold andrequires that the parison be formed in the manner illustrated.

After this operationhas beencompleted in forming a hollow ended blank, as shown in Fig. 17, the neck pin 85 and the slide rod II5 are retracted, and after a oorkage reheattime counterblowing pressure is supplied through the pipe 98 under the control of the timing means hereinabove described to counterblow the hollow ended blank to form a completed parison as shown in Fig. 18.

The parison is then transferred from the parison mold 64 to the blow mold I34 in the manner hereinabove described during the follow movement of these two molds and by opening the parison mold, dropping the parison mold bottom plate 99, closing the final blow mold, and opening the neck ring I8. The parison is then permitted to reheat and stretch while in the blow mold for a period of time predetermined by the setting of the timing means above described and during perhaps *a quarter of a revolution of the blow mold carrier. At the end of this time, the parison is blown to the final form of the desired article by pressure supplied through the blowhead l5l from the pipe I65 under control of the timing means above described.

While I have described but one apparatus embodiment of my invention and particularly described a certain method by which articles may be formed, it will be understood that many changesand modifications may be made both in method and apparatus and that certain of the special combinations of apparatus and/or methods may have independent utility in other, and to some extent, dissimilar combinations. I do not wishto be limited, therefore, except by the scope of the appended claims, which are to be construed as broadly as the state of the prior art permits.

I claim:

1. The method of forming hollow glass articles, which comprises the steps of molding a. charge of plastic glass in a blank mold to'conform with the internal configuration of the side and bottom portions of such mold, transferring the glass from the blank mold to a parison mold while maintaining the same "end of the glass uppermost, forcing the center portion only of the glass upwardly in the parison mold and initially forming a neck finish portion of'glass at the upper end thereof while maintaining the lower peripheral portion of the glass relatively stationary with respect to the walls of the parison mold and thus forming a hollow ended blank extending the full length of the parison mold and having a neck finish portion thereon, expanding the glass tothe shape of the parison mold to form acompleted parison,transferring the parison thus formed to a final blow mold, and blowing the parison to final form therein.

2. The method of forming hollow glass articles, which comprises the steps of supplying a charge of plastic glass to a blank mold through the open upper end thereof, maintaining such charge in the mold for a time suflicient for the glass to flow under the influence of gravity to a shape in conformity with the side and bottom portions of such mold, transferring the glass as thus molded to a parison mold having a foot forming portion at its lower inside periphery while maintaining the same end of the glass uppermost, maintaining the glass in the parison mold until the glass forms a foot at, the lower outer periphery thereof to anchor this portion against substantial movement longitudinally of the parison mold, forcing the center portion only of the glass upwardly in the parison mold and initially forming a neck finish portion at the upper end thereof and thereby forming a hollow ended blank substantially the full height of the parison mold, expanding the blank thus formed to the shape of the parison mqld by, applying fluid pressure through the neck portion thereof and thereby forming a parison, transferring the parison thus formed to a final blow mold, and blowing it to final form therein.

3. The method of forming hollow glass articles, which comprises the steps of molding a charge of plasticglass in a blank mold having an internal configuration such as to form a blank with a lower footed portion or peripheral flange and an upwardly tapering solid body portion, transferring the glass thus molded to a parison mold having a recess to accommodate the footed portion or peripheral flange of the blank and having substantially straight sides thereabove to provide aprogressively greater lateral clearance between it and the blank transferred thereto fromthe bottom upwardly, maintaining the blank in the. parison mold without the application of external forces thereon for a time sufilcient for the glass substantially to fill the lower peripheral recessed portion of the parison mold and thus to anchor this portion of the glass against substantial movement longitudinally of the mold, forcing the center portion only of the glass upwardly in the parison mold to cause the glass to contact with the side walls of the-mold in a progressive manner from the bottom to top thereof and initially to form a neck finish portion at the upper end of the glass and thus to form a hollow ended blank, expanding the glass to the shape of the parison mold to form a completed parison, transferring i the parison thus formed to a final blow mold, and blowing the parison to final form therein.

, 4. The method of forming hollow glass articles, which comprises the steps of molding a charge of plastic glass in a blank mold to conform with the internal configuration of the side and bottom portions of such mold, transferring the glass .from the blank mold to a parison mold while maintaining the same end of the glass uppermost,

supplying a fluid under pressure through the I; lowercnd of the parison mold to forcethe center portion only of the glass upwardly in the parison mold and initially to form a neck finish portion of glass at the upper end thereof while maintaining the lower peripheral portion of the glass relatively stationary with respect to the walls of the parison mold and thus forming a hollow ended blank extending the full length of the parison mold, expanding the glass to the shape of the parison mold to form a completed parison, trans- 5 ferring the parison thus formed to a final blow mold, and blowing the parison to final form therein.

5. The method of forming hollow glass articles, which comprises the steps of molding a charge of plastic glass in ablank mold having-an internal configuration such as to form a blank with a lower footed portion or peripheral flange and an upwardly tapering solid body portion, transferring the blank thus molded while maintaining the same end of the glass uppermost to a parisonmold having a recess to accommodate the footed portion or peripheral flange of the blank and having substantially straight sides thereabove.

to provide a progressively greater lateral clearance between it and the blank transferred there to from the bottom upwardly, supplying-a fluid under pressure through the lower end of the parison mold to force the center portion only of the glass upwardly in the parison moldand initially to form a neck finish portion of glass at the upper end thereof while maintaining the lower peripheral portion of the glass relatively stationary with respect to the walls of the parison mold by the recess at the lower portion thereof and thus forming a hollow ended blank extending the full length of the parison mold, expanding the blank thus formed to the shape of the parison .mold to form a completed parison by supplying fluid under pressure through the neck finish portion thereof, transferring the parison thus formed to a final blow mold, and blowing the parison to final form therein.

6. The method of forming hollow glass articles, which comprises the steps of molding a charge of plastic glass in a blank mold to conform with the internal configuration of the. side and bottom portions of such mold, transferring the glass from the blank mold to a parison mold while maintaining the same end of the glass uppermost, forcing the center portion only of the glass upwardly in the parisonmold and initially forming a neck finish portion of glass at the upper end thereof by the joint pressure and dynamic effect of air supplied to the depression being formed in the lower central portion of the glass at progressively higher points therein as the depression is enlarged and thus forming a hollow ended blank substantially the full length of the parison mold, expanding the blank thus formed to the shape of the parison mold and thus forming a completed hollow parison, transferring the parison thus formed to a final blow mold, and blowing the parison to final form therein.

- 7. The method of forming hollow glass articles,

which comprises the steps-of molding a charge of plastic glass in a blank mold having an internal configuration such as to form a blank with the lower footed portion or peripheral flange and an upwardly tapering solid body portion,-trans-. ferring the blank thus molded while mantaining the same end of the glass uppermost to a parison mold having a recess to accommodate-the footed portion or peripheral flange of the blank and having. substantially. straight sides thereabove to provide a substantially greater lateral clearance between it and the glass transferred thereto from the bottom upwardly, forcing the center portion only of the glass upwardly in the parison mold and initially forming a -neck finish portion of. glass at the upper end thereof bythe joint pressure and dynamic effect of air supplied to the depression being formed in the lower central portion of the glass at progressively higher points (therein as the depression is enlarged and thus forming a hollow endedblank substantially the full length of the parison mold, expanding the blank thus'formed to the shape of the parison mold to form a completed parison by supplying fiuid under pressure through the neck finish portion thereof, transferring the parison thus formed to-a final blow mold, and blowing the parison to final form therein.

- 8. The method of forming hollow glass articles,

which comprises the steps of molding a charge" of plastic glass in a blank mold to conform with the internal configuration of the side and bottom portions of such mold, transferring the glass from the blank mold to a parison mold'while maintaining the same end of the glass uppermost,

forcing the center portion only of the glass -up-- wardly in the parison mold and initially forming a neck finish portion of glass at the upper end thereof by the joint pressure 'and dynamic effect of air supplied through the center portion of the bottom of the parison mold, controlling the balance between the pressure and dynamic actions of the air in shaping the glass in the parison mold thus forming a completed hollow parison, transferring the parison thus formed to a final blow mold, and blowing the parison to final form therein,

9. The method of forming hollow glass articles, which comprises the steps of molding a charge of plastic glass in a blank mold to conform with the internal configuration of the side and bottom portions of such mold, transferringthe glass from the blank mold to a parison mold while maintaining the same end of the glass uppermost, forcing the center portion only of the glass upwardly in the parison mold and initially forming a neck finish portion .of glass at the upper end thereof by the joint pressure and dynamic effects of blowing air supplied through the center portion of the bottom of the parison mold through a nozzle which is vertically moved upward during the blowing and as the depression is formed in the bottom of the glass so as to cause the air to be' effective dynamically on progressively higher portions of the glass as blowing proceeds, controlling the balance between the pressure and dynamic actions of the air in forcing the glass upwardly and controlling the cooling of the surface glass bounding the depression being formed in the glass by venting a portion of the blowing air out 'of the depression being formed in the lower central portion of the glass and thus forming a hollow ended blank the full length of the parison mold, expanding the hollow ended blank thus formed to the shape of the parison mold and thus forming a completed hollow parison, transferring the parison thus formed to a final blow mold, andblowing the parison to final form therein.

10. The method of forming hollow glass articles, which comprises the steps of molding a charge of plastic glass in a blank-mold to conform with the internal configuration of the side and bottom portions of such mold, transferring the glass from the blank mold to a parison mold while maintaining the same end of the glass uppermost, moving a blowing nozzle upwardly through the bottom of the parison mold in a direction substantially axially thereof, admitting blowing air through such nozzle in a direction upwardly and outward:

' ly from the upper. end thereof to form a blowing cavity in the glass extending upward fromthe bottom central portion thereof and thereby forcing the center portion only of the glass upwardly in the parison mold to form a neck finish portion of glass at. the upper end thereof by the joint pressure and dynamic effect of air suppliedthrough such nozzle, controlling the balance between the-pressure and dynamic actions of the air in forcing the glass upwardly and controlling the'cooling of the surface glass bounding the depression being formed in the glass by venting arr adjustable proportion of the air out of the depression being-formed in the lower central portion of the glass and thus forming a hollow ended blank the full length of the parison mold, expanding the blank thus formed to the shape of the parison mold and thus forming a completed hollow parison by admitting blowing air through the neck finish portion thereof, transferring the parison thus formed to a final blow mold, and blowing the parison to final form therein.

11. The method of forming hollow glass articles, which comprises the steps of molding a charge of plastic glass in a blank mold having an internal configuration such as to form a blank with a lower footed portion or peripheral flange and an upwardly tapering solid body portion, transferring the blank thus molded while maintaining the same end of the glass uppermost to a parison mold having a recess to accommodate the footed portion or peripheral flange of the blank and having substantially straight sides thereabove to provide a progressively greater lateral clearance between it and the glass transferred thereto from.

the bottom upwardly, moving a blowing nozzle substantially axially upwardly in the parison mold through the center portion of the bottom thereof and concomitantly supplying blowing air through such nozzle in upward and outward directions to form a depression in the lower central portion of the glass and to force the center portion of the glass upwardly with respect to the mold into the upper portions of the parison mold and into a neck mold cooperating therewith and thereby to form a hollow ended parison substantially the full length of the parison mold and having a neck finish portion at the upper end thereof, balancing the pressure and dynamic effects of the blowing air admitted through the blowing nozzle and controlling the cooling of the surface glass bounding the depression being formed in the glass by adjustably controlling the exhausting of air from the depression being formed during at least a part of the time such air is being supplied through the blowing nozzle, retracting the blowing nozzle downwardly, supplying blowing pressure through the neck finish portion of the hollow ended blank thus formed to expand the glass to the shape of the parison mold and thereby to form a hollow parison conforming to the internal configuration of the parison mold, transferring the parison thus formed by its neck finish portion to a final blow mold, and blowing the parison to final form therein.

12. Apparatus for forming hollow glass articles, comprising a permanently upright blank mold, a

' permanently upright parison mold, a bottom for said parison mold, means for transferring a blank molded in said blank mold to said parison mold without material deformation thereof in such manner that the blank, after the initial part of the transfer, will rest and be supported on said parison mold bottom while it is still laterally surrounded by said blank mold, means for removing said blank mold from about the blank subsequent to the initial part of the transfer as aforesaid, means for thereafter causing said parison mold to surround said blank and support it laterally in cooperation with said parison mold bottom, a neck ring cooperable with the upper end of said parison mold, means operating subsequent to the completion of the transfer as aforesaid for forcing glass upwardly in said parison mold and into said neck ring initially to form a neck finish portion of glass, means for expanding the glass into conformity with the shape of the internal cavity of said parison mold and thereby to form a completed parison, a final blow mold, means for transferring the parison from said parison mold to said final blow mold, and means for blowing the parison to final form in said final blow mold.

13. Apparatus for forming hollow glass articles,

comprising a permanently upright. blank mold adapted to mold the side and bottom portions of a glass blank, a permanently upright parison mold 'separate and distinct from said blank mold, means for transferring a blank molded in said blank mold to said parison mold in such manner as to maintain the same end of the blank uppermost, a neck ring cooperating with the upper end of said parison mold, means for forcing the center portion only of the blank upwardly in said parison mold without substantially moving the lower peripheral portions of the glass with respect to said parison mold and thereby initially forming a hollow ended blank extending the full length of the parison mold and having a neck finish portion formed in said neck ring, means for thereafter expanding the hollow ended blank into conformity with the internal configuration of said parison mold and completing the formation of a hollow parison, a final blow mold, means for transferring the parison thus formed to said blow mold, and means for blowing the parison to final form in said blow mold.

14. Apparatus for forming hollow glass articles, comprising a permanently upright blank mold having an internal configuration such as to form a blank with a lower footed portion or peripheral flange and an upwardly tapering solid body portion, a permanently upright parison mold separate and distinct from said blank mold and having a lower portion recessed to receive the footed portion or peripheral flange of a blank formed in said blank mold and having substantially straight sides thereabove to provide a progressively greater lateral clearance between it and a blank transferred thereto from the bottom upwardly, means for transferring a blank from said blank mold to said parison mold while maintaining the same end of the blank uppermost, a neck ring cooperable with the upper end of said parison mold, means for forcing the center portion only of the glass upwardly in the parison mold to cause the glass to contact progressively with the side walls of said mold from bottom to top thereof and to fill said neck ring and thereby to form a neck finish portion thereon while leaving substantially undisturbed the peripheral portions of the glass in contact with the side walls of the parison mold cavity, means for thereafter expanding the hollow ended blank thus formed into conformity with the internal cavity of the parison mold and thereby forming a hollow parison, a final blow mold, means for transferring the completed parison to said final blow mold, and means for blowing the parison to final form in said final blow mold.

15. Apparatus for forming hollow glass articles, comprising a permanently upright blank mold adapted to mold the side and bottom portions of a glass blank, a permanently upright parison mold separate and distinct from said blank mold, means for transferring a blank from said blank mold to said parison mold in such manner as to maintain the same end of the blank uppermost, a neck ring cooperating with the upper end of said parison mold, means for supplying a fluid under pressure through the lower end of said parison mold to force the center portion only ofthe glass upwardly therein and initially to form a neck finish portion of glass in said neck ring while maintaining the lower peripheral portion of the glass relatively stationary with respect to the walls of said parison mold and thus forming a hollow ended blank extending the full length of the parisonmold, means for thereafter exconformity with the internal cavity of said parison mold to form a completed hollow parison, a final blow mold, means for transferring the parison thus formed to said final blow mold, and means for blowing the parison to final form in said final blow mold. 16. Apparatus for forming hollow glass articles, comprising a permanently upright blank 1 nold adapted to mold the side and bottom portions of a] glass blank, a permanently upright parison mold separate and distinct from said blank mold, means for transferring the blank molded in said blank mold to said parison mold insuch manner as to maintain the same end of the blank uppermost, a neck ring cooperating with the upper end of said parison mold, a pressure supplying nozzle movable substantially axially of said parison mold through the bottom thereof, means for moving said nozzle axially of the parison mold, means for supplying fluid pressure through said nozzle to force the center portion only of the glass upwardly in the parison mold and initially to form a neck finish portion of glass at the upper end thereof in said neck mold by the joint pressure and dynamic effect of the fluid pressure supplied through said nozzle and during the axial movement thereof inwardly of said parison mold and thereby forming a hollow ended blank substantially the full length of the parison mold, means for thereafter expanding the hollow ended blank into conformity with the internal configuration of said parison mold thus forming a completed hollow parison, a final blow mold, means for transferring the completed parison to said final blow mold, and means for blowing the parison to final form in said final blow mold.

17. Apparatus for forming hollow glass articles, comprising a permanently upright blank mold having an internal configuration such as to form a blank with a lower footed portion or peripheral flange and an upwardly tapering solid body portion, a permanently upright parison mold having a recess atits lower portion to accommodate the footed portion or peripheral flange of a blank and having substantially straight sides thereabove to provide a progressively greater lateral clearance between it and a blank transferred thereto, means for transferring a blank molded in said blank mold to said parison mold in a manner such as to maintain the same end of the blank uppermost,

a neck ring cooperating with the upper end of said parison mold, an air nozzle movable substantially axially through the bottom of said parison mold and arranged to direct air upwardly and outwardly from such nozzle, means for moving the nozzle in a direction axially of the parison mold and inwardly thereofduring the supplying of air therethrough, means for supplying air through the nozzle during the inward movement of the nozzle into the parison mold to form a depression in the lower central portion of the glass while the peripheral portion is substantially anchored with respect to the parison mold by the recess thereof and the flange portionof the glass and thereby to force the glass upwardly in the parison mold and into said neck ring to form a neck finish portion thereon, means for thereafter ,mold, means for transferring the parison as thus completed from said parison mold to said final panding the hollow ended blank thus formed to blow mold, and means to blow the parison to final form in said final blow mold.

wardly and outwardly from the upper end thereof, means to move said air nozzle inwardly and outwardly with respect to said parison mold, means for supplying blowing pressure through said air nozzle during the inward movement thereof to force the center portion only. of the glass upwardly in said parison mold and into said neck ring and thereby initially to form a neck finish portion at the'upper end of the glass and complete the formation of a hollow ended blank, means for venting a predetermined portion of the air out of the lower end of the depression being formed in the lower central portion of the glass and thereby to control the balance between the'pressure and dynamic effects of the blowing air serving to form such depression, means for thereafter supplying pressure through said neck ring to expand the hollow ended blank into conformity with the internal configuration of said parison mold and thereby to complete the formation of a hollow parison, a final blow mold, means for transferring the parison from said parison mold to said final blow mold, and means to blow the parison to final form in said final blow mold.

19. Apparatus for forming hollow glass articles, comprising a permanently upright blank mold adapted to mold the side and bottom portions of a glass blank, a permanently upright parison mold separate and distinct from said blank mold,

means for transferring a blank molded in said blank mold to said parison mold in such manner most, a neck ring cooperating with the upper end of said parison mold, an air nozzle movable substantially axially through the bottom portion of said-parison mold and constructed and arranged to direct air upwardly and outwardly from the upper end thereof, means to move said air nozzle in directions substantially axially of said parison mold, means for supplying air under pressure through said air nozzle during the inward movement thereof with respect tosaid parison mold to force the center portion only of the glass upwardly in said parison mold and into said neck ring and thereby to form a neck finish portion on the upper ,end of the glass and complete the formation of 'a hollow ended blank, means for venting the air from the lower end of the depression being formed in the lower central portion of the glass, means for adjustably controlling the exhausting of air through said venting means adjustably to control the balance between the pressure and dynamic effects of the blowing air on the glass and also to control the rate 'of cooling of the surface glass-bounding the depression being formed, means for thereafter supplying pressure through said neck ring to expand the hollow ended blank into conformity with the internal configuration of said parison mold and thereby to complete the formation of a hollow parison, a final blow mold, means for transferring the pari-

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