US2032929A - Firearm - Google Patents

Description

2 Sheets-Shed 1 FIREARM G. H. G/ARRISON Filed May 15, 1952 March 3, 1936;

3nnentor Geozye H. Garris n.

lJ... MN

Patented Mar. 3, 1936 FIREARM George Henry Garrison, Delphi, Ind., assignor to Remington Arms Company, Inc;, a corporation of Delaware Application May 13, 1932, Serial No. 611,075

7 Claims.

V control mechanism co-operating therewith, and

a magazine adapted to contain a number of cartridges or shells which are to be transferred one at a time to the chamber of said barrel.

One object of the invention is to provide for a 1, firearm of the repeating type an improved method of controlling a member which normally prevents unlocking of the breech block when the fire control mechanism is in cocked position.

A further object of the invention is to, cause such a breech block locking device to co-operate with a trigger or sear in such a manner as to lock said trigger or sear in engagement with the firing hammer at all times when the breech mechanism is unlocked.

A further object of the invention is to provide a breech block locking device and trigger or sear co-operating in such a manner that a pull on the trigger during the closing movement of the breech mechanism will condition the breech block locking device to move instantly to effective position when the breech is fully closed, thereby locking the breech block.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved form of readily removable hammer spring abutment.

A further object of the invention is to provide a simple and readily adjustable means for varying the amount of force required to effect disengagement of the trigger or sear from the hammer.

As a modification of the mechanism for controlling the breech locking device, the invention contemplates an improved means for controlling said device from the hammer spring pilot, instead of from the hammer.

.the invention consists in certain novel mechanisms and arrangements thereof, representative embodiments of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary sectional side elevation of a firearm having the preferred forms of the inventions applied thereto, showing the breech closed and locked and the fire control mechanism in cocked position.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the fire control mechanism shown in Fig. 1, the hammer being fired and the trigger being locked by the novel trigger lock constituting a part of the present invention.

55 Fig. 3 is a side elevation, partly in section of With these and other incidental objects in view' the trigger plate, showing the parts in the positions they assume when an attempt is made to pull the trigger before the breech block is fully locked.

Fig. 4 is a plan View ofthe trigger plate and 5 mechanism mounted thereon.

Fig. 5 is a left side elevation of said trigger plate, showing the control of the action slide lock by the hammer and the adjustabletrigger pull mechanism.

Fig. 6 is asectional side elevation of a construction embodying certain modifications of the mechanisms-illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5. In this figure the sear is separate from the trigger and the action slide lock is controlled from the ham- 15 mer spring pilot instead of from the hammer.

Fig. '7 is a plan view of the fire control mechanism of Fig. 6, the trigger plate being omitted.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary rear elevation of the trigger plate, showing the improved form of hammer spring abutment.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the trigger plate shown in Fig. 6.

The firearm comprises a barrel Ill and a magazine tube ll suitably secured to the forward end of a receiver or frame l2 having a stock l3 secured .at its rear end by any suitable means. Preferably the sides, top and rear end of the receiver are integral. The bottom of said receiver, however, is open and. is adapted to support in its rearward portion a trigger plate I4 carrying certain of the mechanisms involved in the present invention, which will be hereinafter more fully described.

ihe receiver contains a chamber closing breech block I5 adapted to be locked in breech closing position by an abutment it in the receiver and housing the usual firing pin ll. Said breech block comprises aheel I8 adapted for co-operation with an action slide l9 suitably connected to a forwardlyextending action bar 20 designed to be manipulated by a fore-end piece, not shown since it is not involved in. the present invention.

When the action slide is in its forward position the bottom of the heel l8 of the breech block rests on the upper surface 2| of the rear end of the action slide l9, as shown in Fig. 1. As the action slide is moved to the rear the forward portion of said heel engages the inclined surface 22 in front of a notch23 in the action slide, and in the continued rearward movement of said action slide the heel enters the notch 23, drawing the rear end of the breech block downward until it clears the abutment I6, after which the breech block and action slide travel to the rear together.

The mechanisms by which extraction of a fired shell from the chamber, its ejection from the receiver, and the transfer of a fresh shell from the magazine I to the chamber, are effected, may be of the form disclosed in the patent to: Loomis, No. 1,334,410, December 1, 1931.

The fire control mechanism is mounted in the trigger plate I4, and may be constructed as follows: A hammer 24 pivoted in the trigger plate at 25 is urged forwardly and upwardly by a hammer spring 26 partially housed in a pilot member 27 which is engaged by a hammer link 28 having a pivotal connection with the hammer at 29. Said hammer comprises a forwardly facing shoulder 39 adapted for engagement by a rearwardly facing spur or sear 3| on an upstanding arm 32 of a trigger 33 pivoted at 34. Said arm 32 likewise comprises a forwardly facing spur 35 adapted to co-operate with a notch 36 in the hammer 24 and particularly to be engaged by a rearwardly facing shoulder 31 on the hammer, to insure movement of the trigger to normal position as the hammer is cocked, in the event that an attempt is made to hold the trigger depressed at this time. When the hammer is cooked, the trigger arm 32 occupies a notch 38 in the left side of the hammer, as clearly shown in Fig. 4. The cocking of the hammer is effected through its engagement by the action slide I9 as said slide is moved to the rear.

Means are provided for locking the breech mechanism when the firing hammer is cocked, and for releasing the breech mechanism for its unlocking and breech opening movements as soon as the hammer reaches fired position. Said means is mounted in the trigger plate and operates on the breech block through a tail 39 on the action slide. It performs the further functions of locking the trigger at all times when the breech mechanism is unlocked, and is also arranged to be moved by the trigger to lock the breech mechanism if the trigger is held depressed during the breech closing movement of said breech mechanism. Said means comprises a member 40 which, for convenience, will be called an action slide lock. Said action slide lock comprises an elongated pivot opening 4| which receives a pivot pin 42 secured in the trigger plate, and is urged upwardly by suitable means such as a spring 43 having one end in engagement with the trigger plate and the opposite end in engagement with the action slide lock or means thereon such as stud 44. Said action slide lock comprises a nose 45 for co-operation with the tail 39 of the action slide and, with the hammer cooked and the mechanism in normal position, spring 43 is effective to hold said nose elevated and behind the tail 39, as shown in Fig. 1; thus locking the action slide and, through said slide, the breech block. The action slide lock is recessed at 46 to receive an abutment 41 on the trigger plate for a purpose to be presently described.

The lower portion of the action slide lock comprises a finger piece 48 preferably projecting below the trigger plate immediately in front of a trigger guard 49, toenabl'e the unlocking of the breech when desired. The rearward portion of the action slide lock comprises a notch 50 adapted for co-operation with 9, lug on an arm 52 of the trigger. Normally, the action slide lock is elevated with respect to its pivot 42, and when it is rocked clockwise (Fig. 1) about said pivot to: unlock the slide, trigger lug 5| is engaged in the notch 56; thus locking the trigger against hammer releasing movement. Such ockment 41.

ing of the action slide lock is preferably effected as an incident to the movement of the hammer to fired position (Fig. 2). The mechanism for this purpose may be as follows:

The hammer 24 is provided near its pivot with a cam notch 53 adapted when the hammer moves to fired position to operate upon a suitable device associated with the action slide lock 40. This device may take various forms, the one which has been selected for purpose of illustration comprises a stiif wire spring 54, partially housed in a suitable longitudinal recess |55 in the action slide lock and secured at its rear end to said lock. The forward end of said spring or connector is bent transversely inward to engage the upper marginal surfaces of cam notch 53 as the hammer is moved to fired position, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. Such engagement and depression of the forward end of spring connector 54 tensions the same sufiiciently to rock the action slide lock and release the slide therefrom as shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 likewise shows the trigger depressed, lug 5| out of the notch 56 and overlying a shoulder 55 adjacent said notch, thereby holding the rear end of the action slide lock depressed. The tension in spring connector 54 is sufiicient to compress the action slide lock spring 43, lowering the action slide look upon its pivot 42. When, in the breech opening movement, the hammer approaches cocked position and spur 35 is engaged by a shoulder 3'! the trigger will be forcibly moved to normal position even though an attempt be made to hold it depressed, lug 5| will clear the shoulder 55 and enter the notch 50 permitting the rear end of the action slide lock to rise. The parts are now in the position shown in Fig.v 3. The nose 45 of the action slide lock remains depressed due to its engagement by the tail 39 of the action slide until the breech is fully closed and locked. Now, if the trigger be forcibly pressed during breech locking movement trigger lug 5| engages the margin of notch 5|] at a point which is necessarily above the action slide lock pivot 42 and tends to prevent the elevation of the nose of the action slide lock into the path of movement of the tail 39 when said tail clears the nose 45. Means are provided, however, whereby such a pressure on the trigger actually throws the nose 45 of the action slide lock upward as soon as said nose is clear of the tail 39, as follows:

As heretofore stated, the action slide lock comprises a recess 46 which receives a fixed abut- When the trigger is pressed prior to the locking of the breech the margin 56 of said recess 46 engages the rearward face of abutment 4'! at a point somewhat above the point of engagement of the face of lug 5| with the margin of notch 50. Thus, pressure upon the trigger, acting through lug 5| and the margin of notch 50, actually rocks the action slide lock 46 counterclockwise about the point of engagement of the surface 56 with the abutment 41, elevating the nose 45 into breech locking position as soon as said nose is permitted to rise. This condition of the mechanism is illustrated in Fig. 3 in which the arrow indicates the application of pressure to the trigger. The action slide is locked, the hammer is engaged by the spur 3| of the trigger and cannot be released therefrom until the trigger has been released, permitting the action slide lock to rock to its normal Fig. 1 position. It is thus insured that the action slide cannot be operated repeatedly merely by exerting a constant pressure upon the trigger. It should be further 75 pull from a minimum noted that, if in attempting to open the-breech by pressure upon the actionslide lock finger piece 48 a careless orinexperienceduser inadvertently presses upon the trigger 33 as well as finger piece 48, said trigger will become locked'against hammer releasing movement before .the nose 45 is depressed below the tail 39 of the action slide; thus positively preventing accidental discharge of the gun through pressure upon the trigger when the breech mechanism is unlocked; a The operation of the mechanism thus far described may be summarizedas follows:

Vlfhen the gunis cocked and ready to fir-e the various parts of the fire and breech control mech- 'anisms are in the position illustrated in Fig. 1. The breech is locked due to the position of the nose 45 of the action slide lock 48 immediately behind tail 39 of the action slide, and-the rear end of the action slide lock is depressed so that notch 58 is below trigger lock 5|. The inturned end of spring connector 54 stands above and slightly in front of the hammer cam notch 53 in' position to engage in said notch as the hammer swings forward. The action slide lock is held in the position described and elevated with respect to its pivot 42 by spring-43. If the trigger is now pulled the hammer is disengaged from trigger spur 3 I. The hammer is impelled forward by hammer spring 26 acting through the hammer link 28 and as it moves forward the inturned end of spring connector 54 is engaged by the' cam surface of notch 53, rockingthe action slide'lock to the Fig. 2 position. Normally the trigger will be released following the pull thereof which releases the hammer and, as the hammer is cocked by the rearward movement of the action slide, the parts again assume the Fig. 1 position, spring 43 elevating the nose of the action slide lock to' locking position. If, however, the trigger is forcibly pressed during breech closing movement the engagement of trigger lug 5i with the margin of notch exerts a force which tends to rock the action slide lock counter-clockwise about the point of engagement of surface 56 of saidaction slide lock with the fixed abutment 41, said point of engagement being above the point of engagement of lug 5| with the margin of notch 50. In this condition, the action slide lock will be so rocked as soon as the tail 39 clears the nose 45 and thereafter the trigger must be released, to permit the notch 50 to drop clear of trigger lug 5|, before the trigger can be pulled to again release the hammer 24.

The invention further contemplates an improved and readily removable hammer spring abutment, one form of which is illustrated in Figs. 6 to 8. The hammer spring 26 is housed in an aperture 26! opening at the rear end of the trigger plate, and prior practice has contemplated only such spring abutments for closing the rear end of aperture 26! as a flat plate or disk held by a transverse pin extending into the adjacent walls of the trigger plate, as shown in the patent to Loomis, above mentioned. The present invention contemplates a short interior pilot 60 provided with a head 6i having projecting laterally therefrom lug 62 adapted to be received in bayonet slots 63 in the trigger plate. Said head 6| may comprise a transverse slot 64 similar to an ordinary screw head slot. Thus, by the application of a screw driver to said slot the hammer spring is very readily removed and replaced.

The invention further contemplates means for readily effecting the adjustment of the trigger of say two pounds to any described, adapting stead of from the hammer hub. The sear 'fective position in desired maximum. A light spring 65 (Fig. 5) maybe placed in the trigger plate beneath a for- ;wardly extending portion 66 of the trigger to provide a minimum pull, or said spring 65 may be omitted altogether. A supplemental adjustable spring 61 is placed upon the trigger plate adjacent the hammer and trigger and has one end thereof in engagement with a pin 68 upon a suitable part of the trigger, such as the arm 32 thereof. An abutment 69 is provided on the trigger plate for the loop of the spring 61, and its lowerend isturned downwardly into a threaded aperture in the trigger plate. Said aperture receives a screw 18 which is accessible on the under side of the trigger plate preferably'at'a point near the front portion of the trigger guard 49. By adjustment of said screw 18 in and out, the tension on spring 61 may be varied between wide limits, thus providing a trigger pull susceptible of ready adjustment to meet the requirements or idiosyncrasies of individual shooters.

Figs. 6, 7 and 9, illustrate a modification of the action slide and trigger lock devices heretofore V the action slide look from the hammer spring pilot or housing 21 intrigger l6 and hammer H, are substantially of the form illustrated and described in the aforementioned patent to Loomis. The action slide lock 18 is similar in some respects to the action slide lock 48 heretofore described. The rearward upper portion of the action slide lock comprises a transversely extending lug 82 adapted to engage behind the rear face 83 of sear l5 and lock said sear in hammer engaging position. It should be notedthat the upper portion of said sear must move to the rear to release the hammer; whereas, in the form illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5, the trigger spur 3| must be moved forward in order to release the hammer. A tail 84 at the rear end of the action slide lock is adapted to engage the face 85 of the trigger plate at a point below the point of engagement of lug 82 with the sear, thereby providingthat when the trigger is pulled prior to the locking of the breech, the action slide lock willrock about the point of engagement of lug 82-and surface 83, moving said lock into efthe same manner as the lock 40 heretofore described is moved to effective position under similar conditions.

As above stated, the action slide lock is controlled on the fall of the hammer, by means associated with the hammer spring pilot or housing 21: Said means comprises a transverse exten sion 86 of housing 21, apertured to receive and rigidly support a stiff spring member 81 extending forward therefrom and engaging an upwardly facing surface 88 on the action slide lock 18. When the hammer is cooked the point of engagement of spring member 81 with surface 88 of the action slide lock is substantially in vertical alignment with the action slide lock pivot 42, thus its opposition to the elevation of the nose of the action slide look by spring 43 is reduced to a minimum. If desired, the construction may be such that at this time the action slide lock is substantially or entirely freed from spring 81. One means for this purpose comprises a slightly downturned end 89 on spring 81 (Fig. 6), which downturned end forms the point of contact of said spring with the action slide lock, and a recess 98 in the action slide lock into which the end 89 drops as the hammer reaches cocked poiii them first to a construction in which the sear is separate from the trigger, and second to a control of sition. As the housing 21 is impelled forwardly in the fall of the hammer, the point of engage ment of member 81 with the action slide lock shifts to a position forward from pivot 42, and the tension of said member 81 tends to rock the action slide lock to ineffective position. The aperture 26l which receives the hammer spring and its housing 27 comprises a suitable transverse enlargement to receive the extension 86 of housing 21, as clearly illustrated in Fig. 8.

It is to be understood that the specific embodiments of the inventions herein described are typical and illustrative only, the invention being susceptible to embodiment forms, all falling Within the scope of the appended claims, which claims are to be broadly construed.

What is claimed is:

1. The combination with a firearm mechanism comprising a breech block, a firing pin in said breech block, a firing hammer adapted for cooperation with said firing pin, and a hammer controlling trigger and sear; of a unitary locking device for said hammer and trigger, controlling means for said unitary locking device associated with said hammer and adapted when said hammer is moved to fired position to move said unitary locking device to release said breech block, said locking device comprising a pivot received in an elongated pivot opening and being depressed on said pivot when so moved under the control of said hammer.

2. In a firearm comprising a breech closing mechanism, a firing hammer, a hammer spring, and means connecting said spring to said hammer comprising a movable spring housing; in combination, a breech lateral projection on said hammer spring housing, a breech mechanism lock controlling device secured in said projectionand extending forwardly therefrom into engagement with said breech mechanism lock.

3. The combination with a firearm mechanism comprising a breech block having opening and closing movements, a firing pin in said breech block, a firing hammer adapted for co-operation with said firing pin, and a hammer controlling trigger and sear; of a unitary locking device for said breech block and said trigger adapted in one position to lock said breech block and in another position to lock said trigger, and means whereby pressure on said trigger during the closing movement of said breech block tends to move said locking device to breech block locking position.

4. The combination with a firearm mechanism comprising a breech block having opening and in a variety of other' mechanism lock, an apertured' closing movements, 9; firing pin in said breech block, a firing hammer adapted for co-operation with said firing pin, and a hammer controlling trigger and sear; of a unitary locking device for said breech block and said trigger adapted in one position to lock said breech block and in another position to lock said trigger, and means whereby pressure on said trigger during the closing movement of said breech block tends to move said locking device to breech block locking position, said means comprising a fixed abutment, and a surface on said locking device adapted for engagement with said abutment.

5. The combination with a firearm mechanism comprising a breech block having opening and closing movements, a firing pin in said breech 'block, a firing hammer adapted for co-operation with said firing pin, and a hammer controlling trigger and sear; of a unitary locking device for said breech block and said trigger adapted in one position to lock said breech block and in another position to lock said trigger, and means whereby continued pressure on said trigger during the closing movement of said breech block effects the locking of said breech block when closed.

6. The combination with a firearm mechanism comprising a breech block having opening and closing movements, a firing pin in said breech block, a firing hammer adapted for co-operation with said firing pin, and a hammer controlling trigger and sear; of a unitary locking device for said breech block and said trigger adapted in one position to lock said breech block and in another position to lock said trigger, and means whereby continued pressure on said trigger during the closing movement of said breech block effects the locking of said breech block when closed and blocks said trigger against hammer releasing movement until pressure thereon is relaxed.

'7. The combination with a firearm mechanism comprising a breech block having opening and closing movements, and a firing pin in said breech block; of a trigger plate, a firing hammer and a hammer controlling trigger and sear pivoted in said trigger plate, a unitary locking device for said breech block and said trigger pivoted in said trigger plate and adapted in one position to lock said breech block and in said trigger, and means comprising an abutment on said trigger plate and a co-operating shoulder on said locking device whereby pressure on said trigger during the closing movement of said breech block eflects the locking of said breech block when closed.

another position to lock GEORGE HENRY GARRISON.

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