US2028952A

US2028952A - Apparatus for and method of making paper

Info

Publication number: US2028952A
Application number: US711089A
Authority: US
Inventors: Philip J Reimer
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1934-02-14
Filing date: 1934-02-14
Publication date: 1936-01-28
Anticipated expiration: 1953-01-28

Description

Jan. 28, 1936. P. J. REx 2,028,952

APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF MAKING PAPER Filed Feb. 14. 1934 w I 4 MM Patented Jan. 28,, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,028,952 APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF MAKING PAPER 12 Claims.

tion of the paper web is effected on a traveling foraminous surface such as for example, a Fourdrinier paper machine.

More specifically this invention relates to a combination drain and float box device for mounting under the forming wire of a Fourdrinier type paper machine close to the breast roll for selectively draining or floating the stock flowed onto the wire until the proper type of web formation can occur. The invention also ln-' cludes a novel process of forming web material having improved characteristics by controlling the web formation on the forming wire in the zone immediately after the breast roll.

It has long been the aim of paper makers to form paper on Fourdrinier types of paper making machines which does not have distinct characteristics on the wire side of the sheet from those found on the top side of the sheet. It has also been the aim of paper makers to form the sheet with the-fibers therein in thoroughly criss-crossed condition so as to eliminate grain formation.

I have now found that the two-sidedness and grain'formation may be practically eliminated from Fourdrinier made sheets by incorporating the device of this invention under the forming wire immediately after the breast roll and by means of this device, delaying the web formation of the fibers flowed onto the wire in aqueous suspension until these fibers have attained the speed of the traveling wire. As is known, inFourdrinier type paper making machines, cellulose fibers in aqueous suspension are flowed under a slice from a head box onto a foraminous forming wire which usually travels at high speed. The forming wire has great drainage capacity and permits a rapid filtering of the water through the wire while retaining the fibers thereon. The high speed travel of the wire and its high drainage action of the traveling wire straightens the fiber and topples it over so that it falls lengthwise of the wire;

I havefound that the combing action of the traveling forming wire may be overcome by maintaining the fibers in aqueous suspension on the forming wire until they have attained the speed of the wire. In accordance with my invention the draining of the white water through the forming wire is slowed up, delayed or prevented until conditions conducive to proper formation on the wire are produced. This is effected, by my device, in several ways which will be more fully hereinafter described. My device also permits the incorporation of dyestuffs or filling materials such as clays and the like into the wire side of the sheet being formed and thus make up for loss of these materials through the wire. Filled papers and colored papers made on Fourdrinier machines usually exhibit marked differences on the top and wire sides since the top side of the sheet contains the greater portion of the filler or dyestuff. vMy device permits the addition of fillers and dyestuffs to the wire side of the stock on the wire and thus equalizes the two sides of the sheet.

It has generally been recognized that clay filled book papers could not contain more than 20% of clay without exhibiting marked "two-sidedness. By adding clay to the wireside of the stock my device permits the manufacture of homogeneous book paper sheets containing considerably more than 20% of clay.

It is therefore an object of this invention to form fibrous web material on Fourdrinier type paper machine which is free from two-sidedness and grain formation.

Another object of this invention is to provide a device for delaying the web formation of fibers on paper machine forming wires until conditions conducive to the best fiber formation are attained.

Another object of this invention is to delay the forming of fibers in aqueous suspension on a paper machine forming wire until the fibers have attained the speed of. the wire.

Another object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for selectively controlling the rate of web formation on the forming wire of a Fourdrinier type paper machine.

A further object of this invention is to incorporate fillers, dyestufl solutions, and the like into fibrous webs as they are being formed on the paper machine.

A further object of this invention is to selectively control the drainage of white water through the forming wire of Fourdrinier type paper machines.

Other and further objects of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following specification and annexed sheet of drawings which forms a part of this specification.

On the drawing:

Figure l is a fragmentary vertical cross sec-/ tional view with parts shown diagrammatically and in elevation of a device according to this invention mounted for operation in a Fourdrinier paper machine.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary cross sectional view with parts in elevation, taken substantially along the line IIII of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary enlarged cross sectionel view showing the drain control of one of the float boxes according to this invention.

As shown on the drawing:

In Figure 1 the reference numeral ii] indicates a fragmentary portion of the usual type of stock head box used in Fourdrinier type paper inachines having a slice II and an aprc-n I2 for directing the stock flowing under the siice onto the forming wire I3 after it passes over the breast roll I. The drain and float box of this invention is indicated generally by the reference numeral l5 and is located between 'the breast roll I and the table rolls i6 of the Fourdrinier machine.

The float and drain box I 5 as shown in Figure 1 is subdivided into four compartments l1, I8, i9, and 20. It should be understood, however, that one or any number of compartments may be used without departing from the scope of this invention. It should also be understood that the compartments may be formed as individual boxes instead of divisions of a single box as is shown.

Each compartment l1, l8, l9, and 29 may be equipped with a supporting roll M for guiding the wire l3 over the open top of the compartment. These guide rolls are rotatably mounted in the compartments and are similar to the usual tabie rolls or a Fourdrinier machine.

A laterally extending solid shelf 22 is secured to the side wall of the box I 5 adjacent to the breast roll and extends under the head box apron M2 for supporting the wire and for preventing drainage of water through the wire iii.

A pipe 23 closed at both ends extends transversely across each compartment ii, l8, l9, and 20 in spaced relation from the bottom thereof as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The pipes 23 are perforated along the bottom sides thereof as shown in Figure 2 at 24. Liquids are supplied to said pipes 23 from main feed pipes 25 and

branch pipes

26 and 21. The branch pipe 2? communicates with the perforated pipes 23 at a plurality of points along. the length of said pipe to insure an equal distribution of liquid along the full length of the pipe, As shown in Figure 2 the branch pipes are divided into T connections so that any liquid flowing from the main pipe 25 will be equally dispensed to both arms of the T branch pipe 26. T branch pipes 27 communicate with each arm of the T branch pipe 26 and both arms of the branch pipe 21 communicate with the pipe 23 at spaced points along its length. Only one-half of the installation is shown in Figure 2 but it is obvious that this branch distrih-uting system may be multiplied as many times as is necessary to insure uniform deiivery of iiquids along the entire length of the perforated pipe 23. The main pipeline 25 may be equipped with a valve 28 to regulate the flew of liquids to the perforated pipes 23 and a pressure indicator or flow meter 29.

Liquid forced through the perforations 24 in the pipes 23 flows upward around the baflies 3!) and 3| in each partition I1, l8, l9, and 20. The liquid then flows around the rolls 2| and through the forming wire i3 passing over the tops of the partition where it mingles with the stock suspension.

The bottoms of the partitions I1, l8, I9 and 20 are provided with a line of perforations 32 such as shown in Figure 3. A perforated slide valve 33 is secured to the bottom oi the partitien and adapted to register with the holes 82 shown in Figure 3. An adjusting set screw 34, in screw thread relation with an end wall of the partition, is rotatably coupled by means of a collar to each valve 33. It is evident that this arrangement permits a micrometer adjustment of the size of the opening at the bottom of the partition to carefully regulate the drainage ef liquids from the partition. The holes 32 may be entirely closed by means of the solid portions of the valves 33 or the slice arrangement of the valves may control the amount of drainage to any desired degree.

A save-all tray 36 is mounted under the box 5 for receiving any liquid drained therefrom. A directing doctor 31 scrapes against the breast roll it for flowing any liquid thereon into the save-all tray 36.

While I have shown rolls 2| mounted in each partition of the box l5 it should be understood that these rolls may bedispensed with in some instances or that other means for supporting the wire over the tops of the partitions in the box may be used. 1

The device of this invention may be operated according to any one of the four fellowin methods.

First method Each partition of the box is supplied with either fresh water or white water by means of the distributing pipes soas to create an evenly distributed flow of water across the bottom of each partition. The partitions or chambers are filled with water, as shown in Figure 1, and the water seeps through the forming wire passing over the tops of the chambers, thereby preventing formation of the fibers in the stock suspension flowed under the siice until the wire has passed over the box i5. The maintenance of the stock in suspension as it passes over the box permits it to attain the speed. of the forming wire without effecting a web formation. As pointed out above it is thus possible to free the sheet from the usual two-sidedness since the wire side of the sheet will have the same appearance as the top side if the web prevented from forming untii after the stock suspension has leveled out on the wire and has attained the speed of the wire. Then when ,water is drained from the suspension, the fibers are deposited thereon in what= ever position they exist in suspension and form a grainless sheet.

Fluids of various compositions may actually be iiowed through the chambers and into the stock suspension to fill the bottom side of the sheet that to be formed with fillers or coloring matter.

If the stock suspension flowed under the slice it is composed of cellulose fibers derived from different processes, a two-sided sheet usually results because of the difference in specific gravity of the various kinds of fibers. For example a stock suspension composed of fibers derived by a grinding process and also of fibers derived from the sulphite process tends to settle out with the ground wood fibers at the bottom. since they are a The first,method of operation therefore con sists in supplying liquids to all of the partitions in the box IE and actually flowing the liqu d into the stock suspension carried by the wire.

Second method The formation of the web on the forming wire may be delayed until after the wire passes over the box, without diluting the stock suspension thereon. In this method of operation the liquid supply pipes and drain openings are closed and the various chambers in the box I 5 are allowed to fill up with water drained from the stock, thereby preventing subsequent filtration through the forming wire as the wire passes over the box. By extending the width of the box a suificient distance for any particular speed of the machine, it is possible to prevent web formation from taking place until the stock suspension on the forming wire is thoroughly leveled out and has attained the same speed as the forming wire.

This method of operation, therefore, comprises closing both the discharge valves and liquid feed pipes, allowing the chambers to fill up with white water and thereby preventing filtration of water through the forming wire as it passes over the box.

Third Method In some instances it may be desirable to graduate the amount of formation that takes'place in the zone occupied by the box ii. For example each chamber will be allowed to fill up by the filtration that takes place through the forming wire and then the discharge valves are regulated to govern the amount of filtration through the wire. This selective filtration affords a careful positive ontrol on the rapidity of the paper formation.

Fourth Method This method of operation may consist of a combination of all three methods defined above by creating different conditions in each of the various chambers. Some of the chambers, for example, the chambers immediately adjacent the breast roll may be supplied with outside water to flow into the stock suspension on the forming wire. Some of the chambers may have coloring matter or filling clays therein to fiow into the stock suspension while other chambers may be regulated to prevent filtration through the wire or to effect a slow rate of filtration. As the primary bed of fibers is formed on the wire, the rate of filtration may be gradually increased to the full capacity of the forming wire.

This invention, therefore, comprises a device for hydraulically controlling the drainage of liquids through the forming wire of a paper machine at the breast roll end thereof to prevent or slow up the drainage of water from the stock on the wire or to add liquids or suspensions through the wire to the stock thereon. The process of the invention comprises the positive controlling of drainage of stock suspensions through the forming wire of paper machines and the addition of liquids or suspensions to the wire side of the stock on the wire.

and numerous details of construction may be varied through a wide range without departing from the principles of this invention, and I, therefore,

do not purpose limiting the patent granted hereon otherwise than necessitated by the prior art.-

I claim as my invention:

'1. A forming box attachment for Fourdrinier type paper machines comprising, in combination. a box having a bottom, ends and side walls, a plurality of partitions in said box defining watertight chambers, a perforated pipe communicating with the interior of each chamber, means for flowing liquids through said pipe, and drain openings in the bottom of each chamber.

2. A device for regulating web formation in Fourdrinier type paper machines adapted .to be mounted under the forming wire of said machines adjacent the breast roll end thereof comprising a water-tight box "having an open top extending across the width of the wire, means for uniformly distributing liquids across the width of said box, means for draining liquid from said box and means for guiding the forming wire over the top of said box.

3. A forming box attachment for Fourdrinier type paper machines comprising a water-tight box having an open top for mounting under the forming wire of said machine, a plurality of individual chambers formed in said box, means for supplying liquid to the interior of said chambers, means for draining liquid from said chambers, and

means for guiding the forming wire over the open tops of said chambers. r g

4. A forming box for paper machines comprising, in combination, a water-tight box divided into a plurality of chambers open at the tops thereof, horizontal bailie plates in each of said chambers.

perforated pipes extending across the width of said chambers in spaced relation from the bot-- tom thereof, means for uniformly supplying regulated amounts of liquids along the entire length of said pipes, there being a row of perforations in the bottom of each chamber, a perforated slide valve cooperating with said holes for controlling the drainage therefrom, and means to guide the forming wire over the open tops of said chambers.

5. In a Fourdrinier paper machine having a forming wire, a breast roll, and a head box, a web forming attachment for mounting under the forming wire adjacent to the breast roll com- ,prising an open top box adapted to receive liquid through said feed pipe uniformly along the perforated pipe, openings in the bottom of said chambers, means for regulating the size of said openings, and a pan in spaced relation beneath said chambers for receiving liquid drained therefrom.-

7. The process of forming sheet material having improved characteristics, which comprises flowing an aqueous suspension of stock onto the forming wire of a Fourdrinier' type paper machine, fiowing liquid upwardly through the forming wire to maintain the stock thereon in suspension and gradually regulating the drainage of water through the wire to prevent the formation 01' two-sided sheets.

.8. The process 01 forming fibrous web material having improved characteristics, which comprises flowing stock onto the iorming wire 0! a paper machine, flowing liquid having desired ingredients incorporated thereinupwardly through the wire to enter into the stock suspension and gradually regulating the drainage or water through the wire until the stock. has leveled on and attained the speed or the wire.

9. The process of forming clay filled paper having substantially identical characteristics on both sides which comprises flowing a clay.v loaded aqueous suspension of fibrous stock onto a traveling forming wire, adding an aqueous clay suspension through the wire to the aqueous stock thereon before the stock has formed into a web and hydraulically controlling the subsequent drainage through the wire.

10. The process of towing heavily loaded book papertree from two-sidedness which comprises flowing loaded paper stock onto the forming wire of a paper machine, preventing drainage of liquid through the wire to maintain the stock thereon desired characteristics. in suspension untllit has leveled out and attained I the speed 0! the wire,-fiowing an aqueous suspension of loaded material up through the wire to mingle with the stock thereon before the stock has formed into a web and hydraulically regulating subsequent drainage through the wire to form a web thereon.

11. The process of forming sheet material which comprises flowing an aqueous suspension of stock onto the forming wire of a papervmachine, seeping liquid up through the forming wire to maintain the stock thereon in tree suspension until the stock has leveled out and attained the speed of the wire and thereafter draining liquid through the wire to form a web from the stock.

12. The process of forming fibrous sheet material which comprises flowing an aqueous suspension of flbers onto the forming wire or a paper machine, maintaining a body of liquid against the bottom or said forming wire to prevent drainage therethrough until the suspension oi fibers thereon has leveled out and attained the speed or the wire, immediately thereafter flowing a liquid suspension of solids through the wire to incorporate the solids into the suspension 01 fibers on the wire and draining the liquid from the resulting suspension to form a fibrous web having the PHILIP J. REIMER.