US2027817A - Furnace - Google Patents

Description

c. A. GALLAGHER- ET AL FURNACE Filed Damas, 193s Jan. 414, 1936.

Jan. 14, 1936. c. A. GALLAGHER T AL 2,027,317

A FURNACE v Filed Damas. 1933 z'sheets-vsneet 2 v iNVENToRs c4. GALL A @HER ci M. ALLEN BY uw ATTORNEY v 45 be emplioyed in formation of dispersions of solid Patented Jan. 14, 1936 UNITED sflxrlezs PATENT .OFFICE rUaNAcE Charlps A. Gallagher and Carl M. Allen, California, .Pa., assignors to .General Chemical Company, New York, N. Y.,'a corporation of New York` Application December 26, 1933, Serial No. 703,952

11 claims. (c1. 26a-21) e materials and other substances, for, example,A to

facilitate reaction between a relatively nely divided solid and a gas. Y

The principal object of the invention is to provide a nozzle or injector device for introduc-V ing a dispersion of finely divided material into a reaction chamber. The invention aims to provide a feed 'nozzle of this char cter, simply constructed and designed to distrib te a. dispersion s of materialfover any desirable area. l

One operation in which the nozzle of the in vention may be used to particular advantage is inthe roasting of sulfide' o're nes in gaseous suspension to producesulfur dioxide gas. Inl

processes of this nature', it will be understood the finely divided ore isinjected into the roasting or combustion chamber, and air isv'supplied to furnish oxygen for roasting the ore. To illus- 4 trate, ore may be fed into the upper p art of a reaction chamber and the air employed for roast- .Jng introduced into either the top or bottom of the combustion chamber as desired.` The finely divided ore may be introduced into the reaction chamber by a mechanical feeder, or may be -injected by means of a jet of inert gas such as steam, or by a stream of air, in which latter case the relatively small amount of air employed is utilized inthe roasting operation. In roasting -operations of this kind, it is highly desirable to bring about satisfactory distribution of,ore

particles in the reaction chamber so as to-prof v videadequate dispersion of ore in the oxidizing gas. and thus promoteeeilicient roasting of the ore.

For convenience, a nozzle constituting one embodiment fof the invention is described for illustrative purposes vin connection with the roasting of yfinely divided sulde ores, although it is to be understood the principles of the invention may or liqui materials for any purpose.

The invention comprises the. features of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangement of parts exemplified in the construction herein described. The objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description taken 'in connection, with the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is'a` longitudinal, vertical section showing a feed nozzle of the invention associatedl with a sulde ore fines burner;

Fig. 2 is an elevation taken approximately on the line 2-2 of Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken approximately on the line 3-3 of Fig. l; I

Fig. i is a longitudinal, vertical section taken approximately on the lines 4--4 of Figs. 3 and 5, showing in detail the construction of the feed Fig. 5 is a horizontal section taken approxi-y mately on the line 5 5 of Fig. 4, and

Fig. 6 is a plan view of a shim, the purpose of [which will hereinafter appear.

Fig. 1 shows a'portion of a fines ore burner wall comprising a lining III of /refraotory material and an exterior steel shell I I. As shown in elevation in Fig. 2, the burner wall is provided with a rectangular openigl to accommodate the feed nozzle, indicated`genera1ly by I4, and

witha. flange 20 to which is detachably connected by rivets or bolts 2|, a plate 22 supporting the feed nozzle I4 andssociated parts. Attached by bolts 25 to plate 22 near the lower edge is lan rangle iron 26 shown in section in Figs. 1 and 4, in .elevation in-Fig. 2, and in plan in Fig. 5.

'Ihe horizontal ange 21 of angle iron 26 supports nozzle Ilandholds the same in proper position in the burner wall port I2. 4It will be understood plate 22 is provided with a suitably shaped opening 30 (Fig. 3) to permit insertion position shown in 40 of feed nozzle Il to rest in the Fig. 1.

Details of construction of nozzle I4 may be understood from considerationof Figs. 4 and 5. Referring particularly to. Fig. 4, the .nozzle ircludes a vertically positioned' cylindrical casing 3l .grooved at either end as at 3 2 and 33 to receive discs 35 and 36. The lower part of cylinder 3| is -bore out to provide a shoulder'38 against which l,he circular `edge ofA a plug I0 is seated. Plug l0 comprises a cone-shaped 'surface 4I land5 a short cylindrical section l2, the circular lower edge of cone-shaped surface 4I 4intersecting the vertical inner wall of casing 3|. When assembling the nozzle, the plug 40 is` inserted against shouldientes at u. msm u and u are then ugnuy wedged in place, thereby providing above coneshapedplug 48 an upper material feeding chamber 48, and a lower gas, compartment 48.

As shown in Fig. 4, the lower end of cylinder 8| is seated in a depression 82 in a circular plate 88. By means of rivets 84, plate 88yis rigidly connected to horizontal flange 21 of angle iron 2 8. As casing 8| is wedged tightly in depression compartment 48.

Adjacent the intersection of the lower circular edge of the cone-shaped smface 4| and the inside wall of the upper compartmentl 48 an arcuate slot 88 to permit discharge of ma rial from feeding chamber 48. Slot 88 extends horizontally through an angle A, as indicated in Fig. 5. -The vertical dimensioneand the length of slot 88 may be proportioned to permit feeding into the roasting chamber of any desired quantities of material, the length of the slot being selected to provide the desired lateral or sidewise dispersion of the' material fed into the chamber. A curved member 88, triangular in cross-section, may be placed on the lower horizontal edge of slot 88 to continue surface 4| to the outside of casing 8|. At the front of lower compartment 48 and just below slot 88 is a second slot 8| through which gas is discharged from compartment 48- into the stream of material flowing through slot 88. As seen in Iiig. 5, slot 8| subtends an angle B which is preferably appreciably greater than angle A.V The purpose of this construction will -presently appear.

Reference numeral 88,' Fig. 4, indicates a circular dispersion plate, encircling cylinder 8|, and having at the rear side a cut-out section 84 to accommodate air feed pipe 81. Plate 88 loosely contacts the outer surface of cylinder 8|, and may be vertically adjusted without disassembling the unit by inserting or withdrawing one or more semi-circular shims 81 shown in section in Fig. 4 and in plan in Fig. 8.

'I'he upper cover plate 88 ofthe nozzle is'centrally tapped to receive the lower end of a con-l duit 'l0 through which Ore is fedfinto oompai'tment 48 from a hopper 1|. Rate of flo'w of ore into compartment 48 may be controllecrby valve.

Danger of overheating the nomic and the ore feed pipe 18 and plate 22 lsplargely avoided by a metal shield 18 andJ firebrick block 18. Shield 15 may comprisea vertically positioned halfround section of steel 11 v:litting at the lower end 18 over the inner upper vertical surface of pas ing 8|, and having in the upper end a semi-circular disc 18 welded thereto. As shown at 88 in Fig. 3, and at 8| in Fig. 1, the edges ofthe shield areJ welded to the inner side of supporting plate 22. Flrebrick block 18 may be generally rectangular'in shape as indicated in Figs. 2 and 3, and'is provided on the rear face with a cutout portion to receive shield 18. Block 18 is held inplace against plate 22 by bolts 8 8. The feednozzle illustrated 'may' be used in practice substantially as follows. In the roasting of sulilde ores in gaseous suspension, one of the important problems involved is the formation of a satisfactory. dispersion of the nnely divided ore inthe roasting atmosphere in' the combustion chamber. When employing a nozzle of the present invention, for example in roasting sulde ores, it' will be understood the nozzle may be placed in a vertical side wallA of the furnace near the top of the roasting chamber.

Ore is fed from-hopper 1I in to upper chamber 48 of nozzle |4 at any desired rate determined by adjustment of` valve 12. Air for injecting the ore into the roasting chamber is introduced into lower compartment 48 ofthe nozzle through pipe 81, and the air pressure in chamber 48 is controlled by adjustment of valve 88. In the present example, it will be understood the air in chamber 48 is employed primarily for injecting the'ore into the furnace and dispersing the ore in the roasting atmosphere, but not for supplying the bulk of the air needed to support oxidation of the ore, such-air -beingintroduced into the combustion chamber through separate ports or inlets not j shown. Accordingly, it is evident gases other than air, steam for example, may be introduced into compartment 48.

At the beginning of operations, the rear part of material feed chamber 48 fills up with ore as indicated at 88. Thereafter all of the ore fed into chamber 48 flows downwardly over the forward face of conical surface 4|, and passes through.

arcuate slot or orice 88. As will be understood from Figs. 3 and 5, the length of slot 88 (angle A) is chosen, according to the size of the particular combustion chamber, so as to provide for any desired lateral spread of the ore, (i. e. lateral spread in a horizontal plane and in directions indicated by the arrows 88, Iig. 3). It will be seen the ore is thus continuously discharged A through slot 88 in the form of a thin, even, 'downwardly directed.` arcuate sheet. Issuing from slot 8| is a horizontal; arcuate or fan-shaped sheet of air or other gas, the air stream intersecting the underside or concave surface of the ore sheet approximately in the horizontal plane of slot 8|. The particles of ore are swept up by the air stream, and there is thus formeda relatively horizontally disposed, substantially fan-shaped dispersin of ore which is charged into the combustion chamber in a diverging stream. As pre viously noted, thel gasv slot 8l is longer than. ore slot 88, the purpose of this being to control sidewide throw of the material being fed. by proy viding bordering'margins of air along the diverging edges of the ore stream thus preventing ore particles falling oif the outer edges of the air sheet. introduced through slot 8|, and dropping more or less directly into the roasting chamber along the furnace wall adjacent the feed nozzle. In practice, the slot 8| may be for example 20'longer than slot 88.

The longitudinal travel or horizontal distance of projectionof the ore particles from the nozzle By vertically adjusting the surface of plate 88,

the extent of the'longitudinal horizontal projectionof the ore particles may bereadily controlled.

When plate 88 is in a lower position, longitudinal horizontal throw of ore particles is lessened, and when the plate 88 is in a higher position, longitudinal horizontal projection of ore particles is increased. To provide for particular operating conditions involved, such as the size ofthe combustion chamber, the plate 63 may be vertically adjusted without dismounting the nozzle and without interfering with the ore feeding operation by' inserting or withdrawing one 'or more semicircular shims 6l between plate 63 and plate 53.

In this way, plate 63 may be vertically adjusted,

and the desired longitudinal, horizontal throw of the ore particles obtained. y

The nozzles of the invention are simple in design, and easily manufactured and assembled.

According to the size or shape of the reaction` fleeting plate may be readily replaced if necessary. r TheA nozzles 'of the invention may also be employed to advantage in forming dispersions of any liquid orwsolid materials.

We claim:

1. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising a unitary casing, a chamber in the casing,

a slot in the side of the casing, a surface in the' chamber for feeding material through said slot, a second chamber in said casing adapted to contain fluid and a second slot longer than the rst in the casing communicating with said second chamber, said slots being positioned so that fluid discharged through the second slot is introduced into material discharged through the rst slot.

2. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising a cylindrical casing, a chamber in the casing, a slot in theside of the casing .lying in a plane disposed at a right angle to the axis of the casing, a cone-shaped surface in the chamber for feeding material through said slot, a second chamber in said lcasing adapted to contain uid and a second slot in the casing communicating with said'second chamber' and lying in' a plane disposed at a right angle to the axis of the casing, said slots being positioned so that fluid discharged through the second slot is introduced into material discharged through the rst slot, said second slot being suiliciently large than the first to maintain marginal streams of uid along the edges of the stream of material discharged through theV rst slot, and a plate for deecting material positioned so that at .least some of the discharged material impinges thereon.

3. In combination with a reaction chamber having anopening inthe wall thereof, a nozzle in the opening `for introducing material into the chamber,` said nozzle comprising a vertically Adisposed cylindrical casing, amaterial chamber in the upper part of the casing, a horizontal arcuate slot in the casing wall opening toward said reaction chamber, a cone-shaped surface in the Amaterial chamber for feeding material throughsaid slot, a second chamber in the casing. adapted to contain fluid, a second horizontal arcuate slot in the casingtwall opening toward said reaction chamber and communicating with the iiuid chamber, said second slot being disposed beneath the first slot and beinglsumciently longerv than the.

flrst slot toy maintain marginal streams of uid along the edges of thestream of material discharged. through the first slot, ,a deiiecting plate beneath the second slot, said slots and deilecting plate being arranged so' that fluid discharged through the second slot is introduced into mate- 3 rial discharged through the first slot to charge into the reaction chamber a fan-like dispersionof material.

4'. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising an openingshaped to form a curved sheet 5 of material, means for'feeding material through said opening, a deflecting surface adjacent the opening, a second opening between the deiiecting surface and the first-mentioned opening for, n-

troducing a stream of fluid into the concave surface of the material, and means for altering the position of said deflecting surface with lrespect to said opening.

5. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising a relatively cone-shaped downwardly sloping surface having a curved lower edge, means for supplying material to an upper part of the surface to cause material to flow downwardly over said surface and form adjacent the lower edge thereof a curved sheet of material, means 2K0 for injecting into the concave surface ofthe material at an angle to said surface a stream of uid to form a diverging dispersion of material, a surface for deiiecting the material positioned so that at least some of the material impinges thereon, and means for maintaining a marginal stream of fluid along the edges of the dispersion.

6. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising an opening shaped to form a curved sheet of material, means for feedingmaterial through said opening, a deilecting surface adjacent the opening, a second opening between the deiiecting surface and the first-mentioned opening for in- .troducing a stream of uid into the concave surface of the material, means for altering the position of said deflecting surface with respect lto said second opening, and means for maintaining a marginal stream of uid alongthe edges of the material. I

7. Apparatus for distributing materials com- 40 prising means forsl forming a curved sheet of material, means for introducing into the concave surface of said sheet atan angle thereto a stream of uid to form a diverging fan-like dispersion of material, and means for maintaining marginal streams of fluid along the d iverging edges of the dispersion.

48. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising an elongated opening shaped to form a v curved sheet of material, means for feeding ma- 5o terial through said opening, a deiiecting surface adjacent the opening, and a second elongated opening longer than the first-mentioned opening between the deflecting surface and the flrst7 mentioned opening for introducing a stream of fluid intoV the concave surface of the material.

9. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising a unitary casing, a chamber in the casing, a slot in the side of the casing, a surface in the chamber for feeding material through said the second slot is introduced into material discharged throughlthe first slot. i A

4 10. Apparatus for distributing materials comprising acylindrical casing, a chamber in the casing, a slot in the side of the casing lying in va plane disposed at a right angle to the axis 'of 70 with said second chamber and lying in a plane disposed at a right angle'to theaxis of the casing, said slots being positioned yso that uid discharged through the second slot is introduced into material discharged through the first slot, and a. -plate for deilecting material positioned so that at least some of the discharged material impinges thereon.

l1. In combination with a reaction chamber having an opening in the wall thereof, a nozzle in the opening for introducing material into the chamber, said nozzle comprising a vertically disposed cylindrical casing, a material chamber ln the upper part of the casing, a horizontal arcuate slot in the casing wall opening toward said re- 15 action chamber, a cone-shaped surface in the material chamber for feeding material through said slot. a second chamber in the casing adapted to contain uid, a second horizontal arcuate slot in the casing 'wall opening toward said reaction chamber and communicating with the fluid chamber, said second slot being longer thanand disposed beneath the tlrst slot, a defiecting plate beneath the second slot, said slots and deilectlng plate being arranged so that fluid discharged through the second slot is introduced into material discharged through the rst slot to introduce into the reaction chamber a fan-like dispersion of material. CHARLES A. GALLAGHER. CARL M. ALLEN.

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