US20240018842A1 - Erosion control system - Google Patents
Erosion control system Download PDFInfo
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- US20240018842A1 US20240018842A1 US18/366,755 US202318366755A US2024018842A1 US 20240018842 A1 US20240018842 A1 US 20240018842A1 US 202318366755 A US202318366755 A US 202318366755A US 2024018842 A1 US2024018842 A1 US 2024018842A1
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- conduit
- housing
- fluid
- apertures
- inlet
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- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 241001533104 Tribulus terrestris Species 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
- E21B33/068—Well heads; Setting-up thereof having provision for introducing objects or fluids into, or removing objects from, wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
- E21B17/1007—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers for the internal surface of a pipe, e.g. wear bushings for underwater well-heads
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/2607—Surface equipment specially adapted for fracturing operations
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to hydrocarbon extraction systems.
- Wells are drilled to extract resources, such as oil and gas, from subterranean reserves. These resources can be difficult to extract because they may flow relatively slowly to the well bore. Frequently, a substantial portion of the resource is separated from the well by bodies of rock and other solid materials. These solid formations impede fluid flow to the well and tend to reduce the well's rate of production.
- Hydraulic fracturing involves pumping a frac fluid that contains a combination of water, chemicals, and proppant (e.g., sand, ceramics) into a well at high pressures.
- proppant e.g., sand, ceramics
- the high pressures of the fluid increases crack size and crack propagation through the rock formation, which releases more oil and gas, while the proppant prevents the cracks from closing once the fluid is depressurized.
- the high-pressures and abrasive nature of the frac fluid may wear components.
- a hydrocarbon extraction system that includes an erosion control system.
- the erosion control system includes a housing defining a first inlet, a second inlet, and an outlet.
- the housing receives and directs a flow of a particulate laden fluid between the first inlet and the outlet.
- a conduit rests within the housing.
- the conduit changes a direction of the particulate laden fluid and reduces erosion of the housing.
- the conduit is inserted into the housing through the second inlet.
- the conduit defines a plurality of apertures between an exterior surface and an interior surface of the conduit.
- the apertures direct the fluid into a conduit cavity.
- the conduit guides the fluid entering the conduit cavity to the outlet.
- the erosion control system excludes a plug and/or a sleeve around or in the conduit.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a hydrocarbon extraction system
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional perspective view of an embodiment of an erosion control system
- FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an erosion control system
- FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an erosion control system
- FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an erosion control system
- FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a conduit of an erosion control system.
- FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a conduit of an erosion control system.
- the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” “said,” and the like are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements.
- the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.
- the use of “top,” “bottom,” “above,” “below,” and variations of these terms is made for convenience, but does not require any particular orientation of the components.
- the present embodiments disclose an erosion control system that reduces erosion of the pipes and other components of a mineral extraction system by an erosive fluid while changing a flow direction of the erosive fluid.
- the erosive fluid may be a frac fluid, oil carrying particulate (e.g., sediment, rock), among others. Because these fluids flow at high velocities with abrasive materials they may increase wear on hydrocarbon extraction system components as the fluid flow path changes the fluid flow direction.
- the erosion control system includes a housing that defines a cavity. A conduit with apertures is placed within the cavity. In operation, the erosive fluid flows through an inlet in the housing and through the apertures in the conduit.
- the conduit changes the flow direction of the erosive fluid and directs the erosive fluid to an outlet in the housing.
- the conduit may also reduce turbulence as the fluid flows through the housing by controlling the fluid flow direction.
- the erosion control system may reduce erosion/wear of the housing. It should be understood that the erosion control system may be used in systems other than mineral extraction systems.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates an embodiment of a hydrocarbon extraction system 10 capable of hydraulically fracturing a well 12 to extract various minerals and natural resources (e.g., oil and/or natural gas).
- the hydrocarbon extraction system 10 includes a frac tree 14 coupled to the well 12 via a wellhead hub 16 .
- the wellhead hub 16 generally includes a large diameter hub disposed at the termination of a well bore 18 and is designed to connect the frac tree 14 to the well 12 .
- the frac tree 14 may include multiple components that enable and control fluid flow into and out of the well 12 .
- the frac tree 14 may route oil and natural gas from the well 12 , regulate pressure in the well 12 , and inject chemicals into the well 12 .
- the well 12 may have multiple oil and/or gas formations 20 at different locations.
- the hydrocarbon extraction system may use a downhole tool coupled to a tubing (e.g., coiled tubing, conveyance tubing).
- a tubing e.g., coiled tubing, conveyance tubing
- the tubing pushes and pulls the downhole tool through the well 12 to align the downhole tool with each of the formations 20 .
- the tool prepares the formation to be hydraulically fractured by plugging the well 12 and boring through the casing 22 .
- the tubing may carry a pressurized cutting fluid that exits the downhole tool through cutting ports.
- the hydrocarbon extraction system 10 pumps frac fluid 24 (e.g., a combination of water, proppant, and chemicals) into the well 12 .
- frac fluid 24 e.g., a combination of water, proppant, and chemicals
- the frac fluid 24 As the frac fluid 24 pressurizes the well 12 , the frac fluid 24 fractures the formations 20 releasing oil and/or natural gas by propagating and increasing the size of cracks 26 .
- the hydrocarbon extraction system 10 depressurizes the well 12 by reducing the pressure of the frac fluid 24 and/or releasing frac fluid 24 through valves (e.g., wing valves).
- the frac tree 14 includes valves 28 and 30 that couple to a frac head or housing 32 at a first inlet 34 . These valves 28 and 30 fluidly couple to pumps that pressurize and drive the frac fluid into the well 12 .
- the valves 28 and 30 may be gate valves.
- the fracturing tree or frac tree 14 may include a lubricator 36 coupled to the frac head or housing 32 .
- the lubricator 36 is an assembly with a conduit that enables tools to be inserted into the well 12 .
- These tools may include logging tools, perforating guns, among others.
- a perforating gun may be placed in the lubricator 36 for insertion in the well 12 .
- the tool After performing downhole operations (e.g., perforating the casing), the tool is withdrawn back into the lubricator 36 with a wireline.
- the frac tree 14 In order to block the flow of frac fluid into the lubricator 36 while fracing the well 12 , the frac tree 14 includes one or more valves 38 , such as gate valves.
- the housing 32 changes the flow path direction of the frac fluid 24 .
- the change is ninety degrees; however, it should be understood that the change in direction (i.e., angle) may vary depending on the embodiment.
- the change in the flow path may increase wear of the housing 32 as particulate repeatedly contacts sections of the housing 32 .
- the hydrocarbon extraction system 10 includes the erosion control system 40 .
- the erosion control system 40 includes the housing 32 and a conduit 42 (e.g., cage) placed within the housing 32 .
- the conduit 42 receives the frac fluid 24 (e.g., erosive fluid) flowing through the housing 32 and redirects the frac fluid 24 to reduce wear on the housing 32 .
- the conduit 42 may reduce turbulence of the frac fluid 24 .
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional perspective view of an embodiment of an erosion control system 40 .
- the erosion control system 40 includes the housing 32 .
- the housing 32 defines an inlet 60 and an outlet 62 and a flow path 64 between the inlet 60 and the outlet 62 .
- fluid flows through the housing 32 between the inlet 60 and the outlet 62 .
- an erosive fluid may create undesirable wear on the housing 32 .
- erosive fluid may erode the bend or corner 66 in the housing 32 .
- the erosion control system 40 includes the conduit 42 (e.g., cage).
- the conduit 42 rests within a cavity 68 defined by the housing 32 and receives the fluid through apertures 70 into a conduit cavity 72 .
- the conduit 42 then directs the fluid flow through the conduit cavity 72 to the outlet 62 .
- the volume of the cavity 68 is at least 1.5 times greater than the volume of the portion of the conduit 42 within the cavity 68 . This difference in volume enables the housing 32 to reduce the velocity of the fluid within the cavity 68 and thus reduce the velocity of the fluid before it enters and flows through the apertures 70 . Reducing the velocity of the fluid may reduce erosion of the housing 32 and/or the conduit 42 .
- the apertures 70 may be circular, rectangular, semi-circular, etc.
- the conduit 42 is inserted into the housing 32 through a second inlet 74 .
- a bonnet 76 may couple to the housing 32 with fasteners 78 over the second inlet 74 in order to retain the conduit 42 within the housing 32 .
- the flow of erosive fluid through the housing 32 and conduit 42 may erode the conduit 42 .
- the conduit 42 may be removed and replaced with another conduit.
- the erosion control system 40 may increase the life of the housing 32 and reduce operating costs. It should be noted that the erosion control system 40 excludes a sleeve and/or plug for opening and closing the apertures 70 in the conduit 42 .
- the apertures 70 are therefore always open and able to transfer fluid between the inlet 60 and the outlet 62 .
- the apertures 70 extend about the circumference of the conduit 42 and along a longitudinal axis 80 of the conduit 42 .
- the apertures 70 may be centered on an axis 80 of a first flow passage 84 that extends between the inlet 60 and the cavity 68 .
- the apertures 70 may be offset from the axis 80 of the first flow passage 84 .
- the conduit 42 includes two rows of apertures 70 that extend about the circumference of the conduit 42 .
- other embodiments may include different numbers of rows, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more.
- the size of the apertures and number of apertures may differ between rows. In some embodiments, the spacing between rows may also differ.
- the apertures 70 may also be arranged to facilitate hydrodynamic energy dissipation.
- the apertures 70 may be arranged in pairs so that each aperture 70 is aligned with and offset from a corresponding aperture 70 by one-hundred eighty degrees.
- fluid flow e.g., fluid jets
- each pair of apertures 70 contacts each other in the conduit cavity 72 dissipating/reducing the energy of the fluid before it flows out of the conduit 42 .
- the erosion control system 40 may include seals 82 and 84 (e.g. circumferential elastomeric seals) that rest in corresponding grooves on the conduit 42 and/or in the housing 32 .
- the seals 82 and 84 form seals between the housing 32 and the conduit 42 , which may reduce erosion of the housing 32 by blocking fluid flow from bypassing the apertures 70 in the conduit 42 .
- FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an erosion control system 110 .
- the erosion control system 110 includes a housing 112 (e.g., frac head, goat head) with multiple flow passages.
- the housing 112 may include a first flow passage 114 , a second flow passage 116 , and a third flow passage 118 (i.e., behind the conduit 122 ).
- the housing 112 may include numbers of flow passages (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more).
- the flow passages 114 , 116 , and 118 direct fluid flow to the cavity 120 containing the conduit 122 .
- the conduit 122 reduces wear/erosion on housing 112 by forcing the fluid to flow through the conduit 122 .
- the conduit 122 may reduce undesirable wear around the surface 124 (e.g., bend, edge) proximate the outlet flow passage 126 created by the change in fluid flow direction through the housing 112 .
- the conduit 122 In order to redirect the flow of erosive fluid away from the surface 124 , the conduit 122 defines apertures 128 that receive the fluid. As the fluid flows through the apertures 128 the conduit 122 directs the fluid flow through the conduit cavity 130 to the outlet 132 .
- the volume of the cavity 120 is at least 1.5 times greater than the volume of the conduit 122 within the cavity 120 in order to reduce the velocity of the fluid and thus wear.
- the conduit 122 is inserted into the housing 112 through an inlet 134 and into a passage 136 .
- a first end 138 of the conduit 122 passes through the passage 136 and through the cavity 120 before contacting and resting in a counterbore 140 .
- the counterbore 140 enables the housing 112 to retain the conduit 122 in position within the housing 112 . More specifically, the counterbore 140 enables the housing 112 to block and/or reduce movement of the conduit 122 in directions 142 and 144 .
- the counterbore 104 may also properly position the apertures 128 within the cavity 120 , or in other words offset the apertures 128 a desired distance 146 from the surface 124 .
- the first end 138 defines a first diameter 148 that is smaller than a second diameter 150 of a second end 152 of the conduit 122 .
- the difference between the diameters 148 and 150 may facilitate insertion of the first end 138 into the housing 112 and thus placement of the conduit 122 within the housing 112 by enabling the first end 138 to easily pass through the passage 136 .
- the conduit 122 forms a seal with the housing 112 with one or more seals 154 (e.g. circumferential elastomeric seals) that rest in corresponding grooves on the conduit 122 and/or in the housing 112 .
- Both the first and second ends 138 and 152 include one or more seals 154 that enable the first end 138 to form a seal with the counterbore 140 and a seal between the second end 152 and the passage 136 .
- the seals 154 may reduce erosion of the housing 112 by blocking fluid flow from bypassing the apertures 128 in the conduit 122 .
- the apertures 128 extend about the circumference of the conduit 122 and along a longitudinal axis 156 of the conduit 122 .
- the conduit 122 includes five rows of apertures 128 that extend about the circumference of the conduit 122 .
- the apertures 128 may be arranged to facilitate hydrodynamic energy dissipation.
- the apertures 128 may be arranged in pairs so that each aperture 128 is aligned with and offset from a corresponding aperture 128 by one-hundred eighty degrees (as illustrated with lines 158 ).
- fluid flow e.g., fluid jets
- these pairs of apertures 128 contacts each other in the conduit cavity 130 dissipating/reducing the energy of the fluid before flowing out of the conduit 122 .
- a bonnet or other piece of equipment may couple to the housing 112 in order to retain the conduit 122 within the housing 112 .
- the flow of erosive fluid through the housing 112 and conduit 122 may erode the conduit 122 .
- the conduit 122 may be removed and replaced with another conduit.
- the erosion control system 110 may increase the life of housing 112 , which may reduce operating costs.
- the erosion control system 40 excludes a sleeve and/or plug for opening and closing the apertures 128 in the conduit 122 .
- the apertures 128 are therefore always open enabling fluid to flow through the conduit 122 .
- the conduit 122 may reduce turbulence of the fluid as it flows through the housing 112 .
- FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an erosion control system 180 .
- the erosion control system 180 includes a housing 182 with first and second flow inlet passages 184 , 186 . It should be understood that the housing 182 may include additional flow passages (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, or more).
- the flow passages 184 and 186 direct fluid flow to respective cavities 238 and 240 . Positioned within these respective cavities 238 and 240 are first and second conduits 192 and 194 .
- the conduits 192 and 194 reduce wear/erosion on the housing 182 by forcing the fluid to flow through one or both of the conduits 192 , 194 .
- the conduit 192 may reduce undesirable wear around the surface 196 (e.g., bend, edge) defining the outlet 198 and around the surface 200 defining the outlet 202 .
- the conduits 192 and 194 define respective apertures 204 and 206 that receive the fluid. As the fluid flows through the apertures 204 and 206 the conduits 192 and 194 direct the fluid flow to an outlet 208 in the housing 182 . As illustrated, the first and second conduits 192 and 194 are in fluid communication. Accordingly, fluid flow through the first conduit 192 will flow through the second conduit 194 before exiting the housing 182 or vice versa. Similar to the discussion above, the volume of the cavities 238 and 240 is at least 1.5 times greater than the volume of the portions of the respective conduits 192 , 194 within the cavities 238 , 240 in order to reduce fluid velocity.
- the conduit 192 is inserted through inlet 210 and into a passage 212 .
- the conduit 192 passes through the passage 212 and through the cavity 238 before contacting and resting in a counterbore 214 .
- the counterbore 214 enables the housing 182 to retain the conduit 192 in position within the housing 182 .
- the conduit 194 is inserted through the outlet 208 and into the passage 212 .
- the conduit 194 passes through the passage 212 and through the cavity 240 before contacting and resting in a counterbore 216 .
- the counterbore 216 enables the housing 182 to retain the conduit 194 in position within the housing 182 .
- the conduits 192 and 194 seal with the housing 182 with one or more seals 218 (e.g. circumferential elastomeric seals) that rest in corresponding grooves on the conduits 192 and 194 and/or the housing 182 .
- the apertures 204 and 206 extend about the circumferences of the respective conduits 192 and 194 .
- the conduits 192 and 194 include three rows of apertures.
- the number, size, and/or rows of apertures may differ between the conduits 192 and 194 with one of the conduits defining more apertures, differently sized apertures, and/or more rows of apertures.
- the apertures 204 and 206 may also be arranged to facilitate hydrodynamic energy dissipation as discussed above.
- bonnets or other pieces of equipment may couple to the housing 182 in order to retain the conduit 192 and 194 within the housing 182 .
- the flow of erosive fluid through the housing 182 may erode the conduits 192 and 194 .
- the conduits 192 and 194 may be removed and replaced.
- the erosion control system 180 may increase the life of housing 182 , which may reduce operating costs.
- the erosion control system 180 excludes sleeves and/or plugs for opening and closing the apertures 204 and 206 in the respective conduits 192 and 194 .
- the apertures 204 and 206 are therefore always open to fluid flow through the housing 182 .
- FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an erosion control system 230 .
- the erosion control system 230 includes a housing 232 with first and second inlet flow passages 234 , 236 . It should be understood that the housing 232 may include additional flow passages (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, or more).
- the inlet flow passages 234 and 236 direct fluid flow to respective cavities 238 and 240 .
- Positioned within these respective cavities 238 and 240 is a conduit 242 .
- the conduit 242 reduces wear/erosion on the housing 232 by forcing the fluid to flow through first and second sets of apertures 250 and 252 . For example, the conduit 242 may reduce undesirable wear around the surface 246 (e.g., bend, edge) that defines the cavity 238 and around the surface 248 that defines the cavity 240 .
- the conduit 242 After flowing through the apertures 250 and 252 , the conduit 242 directs the fluid to an outlet 254 in the housing 232 . As illustrated, the conduit 242 is inserted into a passage 256 through an inlet 258 in the housing 232 .
- the conduit 242 seals with the housing with one or more seals 260 (e.g. circumferential elastomeric seals) that rest in corresponding grooves.
- the sets of apertures 250 and 252 extend about the circumferences of the conduit 242 . As illustrated, the sets of apertures 250 and 252 are positioned within the respective cavities 240 and 242 to receive fluid flow through the inlet passages 234 and 236 .
- the sets of apertures 250 and 252 include three rows of apertures. However, other embodiments may include different numbers of rows, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, or more. The number of apertures, aperture rows, and/or aperture sizes may differ between the sets of apertures 250 and 252 . For example one of the sets of apertures 250 or 252 may include more apertures and/or more rows of apertures.
- the sets of apertures 250 and 252 may also be arranged to facilitate hydrodynamic energy dissipation as discussed above.
- a bonnet or another piece of equipment may couple to the housing 232 in order to retain the conduit 242 within the housing 232 .
- the flow of erosive fluid through the housing 232 may erode the conduit 242 .
- the conduit 242 may be removed and replaced.
- the erosion control system 230 may increase the life of housing 232 .
- the erosion control system 230 excludes a sleeve and/or plug for opening and closing the sets of apertures 250 and 252 in the conduit 242 .
- FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a conduit 280 (e.g., conduits 42 , 122 , 192 , 194 , 242 ) that forms part of an erosion control system (e.g., erosion control system 40 , 110 , 180 , 230 ).
- the conduit 280 includes a plurality apertures 282 .
- the apertures 282 enable a fluid to enter a conduit cavity 284 .
- the conduit cavity 284 fluidly communicates with an outlet of the erosion control system enabling the conduit 280 to change a flow direction of a fluid.
- the conduit 280 may include inserts 286 (e.g., wear inserts) that are placed within one or more of the apertures 282 .
- the inserts 286 define respective apertures 288 that fluidly communicate with the conduit cavity 284 .
- the inserts 286 may be made out of a material that is tougher than the material of the conduit 280 .
- the inserts 286 may be made out of polycrystalline diamond, cubic boron nitride, ceramic, tungsten carbide, hardened tool steels, nitrided alloy steels, hardened stainless steels, among others. In operation, these inserts 286 resist erosion of the conduit 280 as an erosive fluid flows through the apertures 282 .
- FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a conduit 300 (e.g., conduits 42 , 122 , 192 , 194 , 242 ) that forms part of an erosion control system (e.g., erosion control system 40 , 110 , 180 , 230 ).
- the conduit 300 includes a plurality apertures 302 .
- the apertures 302 enable a fluid to enter a conduit cavity 304 .
- the conduit cavity 304 fluidly communicates with an outlet of the erosion control system.
- the conduit 300 may be formed out of a plurality of layers 306 (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, or more).
- the conduit 300 includes a first layer 308 (e.g., outer layer) and a second layer 310 (e.g., inner layer).
- These layers 306 may be formed from different materials.
- the first layer 308 may be formed from a softer and/or more ductile material (e.g., low alloy steel, tempered stainless steels, aged stainless steels, tempered alloy steels), while the second layer 310 may be formed from a tougher and/or more abrasion resistant material (e.g., nitride steel, tungsten carbide, hardened stainless steels, hardened tool steels, nitrided alloy steels, ceramics).
- abrasion resistant material e.g., nitride steel, tungsten carbide, hardened stainless steels, hardened tool steels, nitrided alloy steels, ceramics.
- a softer and/or more ductile material for the first layer 308 may enable the conduit 300 to withstand impacts from material in the fluid flow (e.g., rock) passing through the erosion control system.
- a tougher and/or abrasion resistant material for the second layer 310 may enable the conduit 300 to resist wear as an abrasive fluid flow enters the apertures 302 and flows through the conduit 300 .
- the first layer 308 may be formed from a tough and/or more abrasion resistant material
- the second layer 310 may be formed from a softer and/or more ductile material.
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- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Details Of Valves (AREA)
- Sliding Valves (AREA)
- Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
A hydrocarbon extraction system that includes an erosion control system. The erosion control system includes a housing defining a first inlet, a second inlet, and an outlet. The housing receives and directs a flow of a particulate laden fluid between the first inlet and the outlet. A conduit rests within the housing. The conduit changes a direction of the particulate laden fluid and reduces erosion of the housing. The conduit is inserted into the housing through the second inlet. The conduit defines a plurality of apertures between an exterior surface and an interior surface of the conduit. The apertures direct the fluid into a conduit cavity. The conduit guides the fluid entering the conduit cavity to the outlet. The erosion control system excludes a plug and/or a sleeve around or in the conduit.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/135,835, filed Dec. 28, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/173,732, filed Oct. 29, 2018, entitled “Erosion Control System,” which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.
- The present disclosure relates generally to hydrocarbon extraction systems.
- This section is intended to introduce the reader to various aspects of art that may be related to various aspects of the present invention, which are described and/or claimed below. This discussion is believed to be helpful in providing the reader with background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the present invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that these statements are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.
- Wells are drilled to extract resources, such as oil and gas, from subterranean reserves. These resources can be difficult to extract because they may flow relatively slowly to the well bore. Frequently, a substantial portion of the resource is separated from the well by bodies of rock and other solid materials. These solid formations impede fluid flow to the well and tend to reduce the well's rate of production.
- In order to release more oil and gas from the formation, the well may be hydraulically fractured. Hydraulic fracturing involves pumping a frac fluid that contains a combination of water, chemicals, and proppant (e.g., sand, ceramics) into a well at high pressures. The high pressures of the fluid increases crack size and crack propagation through the rock formation, which releases more oil and gas, while the proppant prevents the cracks from closing once the fluid is depressurized. Unfortunately, the high-pressures and abrasive nature of the frac fluid may wear components.
- In one embodiment, a hydrocarbon extraction system that includes an erosion control system. The erosion control system includes a housing defining a first inlet, a second inlet, and an outlet. The housing receives and directs a flow of a particulate laden fluid between the first inlet and the outlet. A conduit rests within the housing. The conduit changes a direction of the particulate laden fluid and reduces erosion of the housing. The conduit is inserted into the housing through the second inlet. The conduit defines a plurality of apertures between an exterior surface and an interior surface of the conduit. The apertures direct the fluid into a conduit cavity. The conduit guides the fluid entering the conduit cavity to the outlet. The erosion control system excludes a plug and/or a sleeve around or in the conduit.
- These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:
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FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a hydrocarbon extraction system; -
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional perspective view of an embodiment of an erosion control system; -
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an erosion control system; -
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an erosion control system; -
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an erosion control system; -
FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a conduit of an erosion control system; and -
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a conduit of an erosion control system. - One or more specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described in the specification. It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which may vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it should be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure.
- When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present invention, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” “said,” and the like, are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Moreover, the use of “top,” “bottom,” “above,” “below,” and variations of these terms is made for convenience, but does not require any particular orientation of the components.
- The present embodiments disclose an erosion control system that reduces erosion of the pipes and other components of a mineral extraction system by an erosive fluid while changing a flow direction of the erosive fluid. The erosive fluid may be a frac fluid, oil carrying particulate (e.g., sediment, rock), among others. Because these fluids flow at high velocities with abrasive materials they may increase wear on hydrocarbon extraction system components as the fluid flow path changes the fluid flow direction. As will be explained below, the erosion control system includes a housing that defines a cavity. A conduit with apertures is placed within the cavity. In operation, the erosive fluid flows through an inlet in the housing and through the apertures in the conduit. The conduit changes the flow direction of the erosive fluid and directs the erosive fluid to an outlet in the housing. The conduit may also reduce turbulence as the fluid flows through the housing by controlling the fluid flow direction. By controlling how the erosive fluid flows through the housing with the conduit, the erosion control system may reduce erosion/wear of the housing. It should be understood that the erosion control system may be used in systems other than mineral extraction systems.
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FIG. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates an embodiment of ahydrocarbon extraction system 10 capable of hydraulically fracturing a well 12 to extract various minerals and natural resources (e.g., oil and/or natural gas). Thehydrocarbon extraction system 10 includes afrac tree 14 coupled to thewell 12 via awellhead hub 16. Thewellhead hub 16 generally includes a large diameter hub disposed at the termination of awell bore 18 and is designed to connect thefrac tree 14 to thewell 12. Thefrac tree 14 may include multiple components that enable and control fluid flow into and out of thewell 12. For example, thefrac tree 14 may route oil and natural gas from thewell 12, regulate pressure in thewell 12, and inject chemicals into thewell 12. - The well 12 may have multiple oil and/or
gas formations 20 at different locations. In order to access each of these formations (e.g., hydraulically fracture), the hydrocarbon extraction system may use a downhole tool coupled to a tubing (e.g., coiled tubing, conveyance tubing). In operation, the tubing pushes and pulls the downhole tool through thewell 12 to align the downhole tool with each of theformations 20. Once the tool is in position, the tool prepares the formation to be hydraulically fractured by plugging thewell 12 and boring through thecasing 22. For example, the tubing may carry a pressurized cutting fluid that exits the downhole tool through cutting ports. After boring through the casing, thehydrocarbon extraction system 10 pumps frac fluid 24 (e.g., a combination of water, proppant, and chemicals) into thewell 12. - As the
frac fluid 24 pressurizes the well 12, thefrac fluid 24 fractures theformations 20 releasing oil and/or natural gas by propagating and increasing the size ofcracks 26. Once theformation 20 is hydraulically fractured, thehydrocarbon extraction system 10 depressurizes the well 12 by reducing the pressure of thefrac fluid 24 and/or releasingfrac fluid 24 through valves (e.g., wing valves). - The
frac tree 14 includesvalves housing 32 at afirst inlet 34. Thesevalves well 12. In some embodiments, thevalves frac tree 14 may include alubricator 36 coupled to the frac head orhousing 32. Thelubricator 36 is an assembly with a conduit that enables tools to be inserted into thewell 12. These tools may include logging tools, perforating guns, among others. For example, a perforating gun may be placed in thelubricator 36 for insertion in thewell 12. After performing downhole operations (e.g., perforating the casing), the tool is withdrawn back into thelubricator 36 with a wireline. In order to block the flow of frac fluid into thelubricator 36 while fracing thewell 12, thefrac tree 14 includes one ormore valves 38, such as gate valves. - As illustrated, as the
frac fluid 24 flows through thehousing 32, thehousing 32 changes the flow path direction of thefrac fluid 24. InFIG. 1 the change is ninety degrees; however, it should be understood that the change in direction (i.e., angle) may vary depending on the embodiment. The change in the flow path may increase wear of thehousing 32 as particulate repeatedly contacts sections of thehousing 32. In order to reduce wear on thehousing 32, thehydrocarbon extraction system 10 includes theerosion control system 40. Theerosion control system 40 includes thehousing 32 and a conduit 42 (e.g., cage) placed within thehousing 32. As will be explained below, theconduit 42 receives the frac fluid 24 (e.g., erosive fluid) flowing through thehousing 32 and redirects thefrac fluid 24 to reduce wear on thehousing 32. As thefrac fluid 24 flows into and through theconduit 42, theconduit 42 may reduce turbulence of thefrac fluid 24. -
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional perspective view of an embodiment of anerosion control system 40. As explained above, theerosion control system 40 includes thehousing 32. Thehousing 32 defines aninlet 60 and anoutlet 62 and aflow path 64 between theinlet 60 and theoutlet 62. In operation, fluid flows through thehousing 32 between theinlet 60 and theoutlet 62. However, because of the significant change in direction of theflow path 64 between theinlet 60 and the outlet 62 (e.g., ninety degree bend), an erosive fluid may create undesirable wear on thehousing 32. For example, erosive fluid may erode the bend orcorner 66 in thehousing 32. - In order to redirect the flow of erosive fluid away from the
corner 66 and/or other portions of thehousing 32, theerosion control system 40 includes the conduit 42 (e.g., cage). Theconduit 42 rests within acavity 68 defined by thehousing 32 and receives the fluid throughapertures 70 into aconduit cavity 72. Theconduit 42 then directs the fluid flow through theconduit cavity 72 to theoutlet 62. In some embodiments, the volume of thecavity 68 is at least 1.5 times greater than the volume of the portion of theconduit 42 within thecavity 68. This difference in volume enables thehousing 32 to reduce the velocity of the fluid within thecavity 68 and thus reduce the velocity of the fluid before it enters and flows through theapertures 70. Reducing the velocity of the fluid may reduce erosion of thehousing 32 and/or theconduit 42. Theapertures 70 may be circular, rectangular, semi-circular, etc. - The
conduit 42 is inserted into thehousing 32 through asecond inlet 74. Abonnet 76 may couple to thehousing 32 withfasteners 78 over thesecond inlet 74 in order to retain theconduit 42 within thehousing 32. Over time the flow of erosive fluid through thehousing 32 andconduit 42 may erode theconduit 42. When this occurs, theconduit 42 may be removed and replaced with another conduit. By replacing theconduit 42, theerosion control system 40 may increase the life of thehousing 32 and reduce operating costs. It should be noted that theerosion control system 40 excludes a sleeve and/or plug for opening and closing theapertures 70 in theconduit 42. Theapertures 70 are therefore always open and able to transfer fluid between theinlet 60 and theoutlet 62. - The
apertures 70 extend about the circumference of theconduit 42 and along alongitudinal axis 80 of theconduit 42. In some embodiments, theapertures 70 may be centered on anaxis 80 of afirst flow passage 84 that extends between theinlet 60 and thecavity 68. In some embodiments, theapertures 70 may be offset from theaxis 80 of thefirst flow passage 84. InFIG. 2 , theconduit 42 includes two rows ofapertures 70 that extend about the circumference of theconduit 42. However, it should be understood that other embodiments may include different numbers of rows, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more. In some embodiments, the size of the apertures and number of apertures may differ between rows. In some embodiments, the spacing between rows may also differ. For example, some rows may be placed closer together. In some embodiments, theapertures 70 may also be arranged to facilitate hydrodynamic energy dissipation. For example, theapertures 70 may be arranged in pairs so that eachaperture 70 is aligned with and offset from a correspondingaperture 70 by one-hundred eighty degrees. In operation, fluid flow (e.g., fluid jets) through these pairs ofapertures 70 contacts each other in theconduit cavity 72 dissipating/reducing the energy of the fluid before it flows out of theconduit 42. - In some embodiments, the
erosion control system 40 may includeseals 82 and 84 (e.g. circumferential elastomeric seals) that rest in corresponding grooves on theconduit 42 and/or in thehousing 32. Theseals housing 32 and theconduit 42, which may reduce erosion of thehousing 32 by blocking fluid flow from bypassing theapertures 70 in theconduit 42. -
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of anerosion control system 110. Theerosion control system 110 includes a housing 112 (e.g., frac head, goat head) with multiple flow passages. For example thehousing 112 may include afirst flow passage 114, asecond flow passage 116, and a third flow passage 118 (i.e., behind the conduit 122). It should be understood that thehousing 112 may include numbers of flow passages (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more). Theflow passages cavity 120 containing theconduit 122. Like the discussion above, theconduit 122 reduces wear/erosion onhousing 112 by forcing the fluid to flow through theconduit 122. For example, theconduit 122 may reduce undesirable wear around the surface 124 (e.g., bend, edge) proximate theoutlet flow passage 126 created by the change in fluid flow direction through thehousing 112. - In order to redirect the flow of erosive fluid away from the
surface 124, theconduit 122 definesapertures 128 that receive the fluid. As the fluid flows through theapertures 128 theconduit 122 directs the fluid flow through theconduit cavity 130 to theoutlet 132. In some embodiments, the volume of thecavity 120 is at least 1.5 times greater than the volume of theconduit 122 within thecavity 120 in order to reduce the velocity of the fluid and thus wear. - The
conduit 122 is inserted into thehousing 112 through aninlet 134 and into apassage 136. During insertion of theconduit 122, afirst end 138 of theconduit 122 passes through thepassage 136 and through thecavity 120 before contacting and resting in acounterbore 140. In operation, thecounterbore 140 enables thehousing 112 to retain theconduit 122 in position within thehousing 112. More specifically, thecounterbore 140 enables thehousing 112 to block and/or reduce movement of theconduit 122 indirections apertures 128 within thecavity 120, or in other words offset the apertures 128 a desireddistance 146 from thesurface 124. - As illustrated, the
first end 138 defines afirst diameter 148 that is smaller than a second diameter 150 of asecond end 152 of theconduit 122. The difference between thediameters 148 and 150 may facilitate insertion of thefirst end 138 into thehousing 112 and thus placement of theconduit 122 within thehousing 112 by enabling thefirst end 138 to easily pass through thepassage 136. - The
conduit 122 forms a seal with thehousing 112 with one or more seals 154 (e.g. circumferential elastomeric seals) that rest in corresponding grooves on theconduit 122 and/or in thehousing 112. Both the first and second ends 138 and 152 include one ormore seals 154 that enable thefirst end 138 to form a seal with thecounterbore 140 and a seal between thesecond end 152 and thepassage 136. Theseals 154 may reduce erosion of thehousing 112 by blocking fluid flow from bypassing theapertures 128 in theconduit 122. - The
apertures 128 extend about the circumference of theconduit 122 and along alongitudinal axis 156 of theconduit 122. InFIG. 3 , theconduit 122 includes five rows ofapertures 128 that extend about the circumference of theconduit 122. - However, it should be understood that other embodiments may include different numbers of rows, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, or more. In some embodiments, the
apertures 128 may be arranged to facilitate hydrodynamic energy dissipation. For example, theapertures 128 may be arranged in pairs so that eachaperture 128 is aligned with and offset from acorresponding aperture 128 by one-hundred eighty degrees (as illustrated with lines 158). In operation, fluid flow (e.g., fluid jets) through these pairs ofapertures 128 contacts each other in theconduit cavity 130 dissipating/reducing the energy of the fluid before flowing out of theconduit 122. - While not illustrated, a bonnet or other piece of equipment (e.g., spool, valve) may couple to the
housing 112 in order to retain theconduit 122 within thehousing 112. Over time the flow of erosive fluid through thehousing 112 andconduit 122 may erode theconduit 122. When this occurs, theconduit 122 may be removed and replaced with another conduit. In this way, theerosion control system 110 may increase the life ofhousing 112, which may reduce operating costs. Again, theerosion control system 40 excludes a sleeve and/or plug for opening and closing theapertures 128 in theconduit 122. Theapertures 128 are therefore always open enabling fluid to flow through theconduit 122. In addition, theconduit 122 may reduce turbulence of the fluid as it flows through thehousing 112. -
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of anerosion control system 180. Theerosion control system 180 includes ahousing 182 with first and secondflow inlet passages housing 182 may include additional flow passages (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, or more). Theflow passages respective cavities respective cavities second conduits conduits housing 182 by forcing the fluid to flow through one or both of theconduits conduit 192 may reduce undesirable wear around the surface 196 (e.g., bend, edge) defining theoutlet 198 and around thesurface 200 defining theoutlet 202. - In order to redirect the flow of erosive fluid away from the
surfaces conduits respective apertures apertures conduits outlet 208 in thehousing 182. As illustrated, the first andsecond conduits first conduit 192 will flow through thesecond conduit 194 before exiting thehousing 182 or vice versa. Similar to the discussion above, the volume of thecavities respective conduits cavities - As illustrated, the
conduit 192 is inserted throughinlet 210 and into apassage 212. Theconduit 192 passes through thepassage 212 and through thecavity 238 before contacting and resting in acounterbore 214. Thecounterbore 214 enables thehousing 182 to retain theconduit 192 in position within thehousing 182. Theconduit 194 is inserted through theoutlet 208 and into thepassage 212. Theconduit 194 passes through thepassage 212 and through thecavity 240 before contacting and resting in acounterbore 216. Thecounterbore 216 enables thehousing 182 to retain theconduit 194 in position within thehousing 182. Theconduits housing 182 with one or more seals 218 (e.g. circumferential elastomeric seals) that rest in corresponding grooves on theconduits housing 182. - The
apertures respective conduits FIG. 4 , theconduits conduits apertures - While not illustrated, bonnets or other pieces of equipment (e.g., spool, valve) may couple to the
housing 182 in order to retain theconduit housing 182. Over time the flow of erosive fluid through thehousing 182 may erode theconduits conduits erosion control system 180 may increase the life ofhousing 182, which may reduce operating costs. Theerosion control system 180 excludes sleeves and/or plugs for opening and closing theapertures respective conduits apertures housing 182. -
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of anerosion control system 230. Theerosion control system 230 includes ahousing 232 with first and secondinlet flow passages housing 232 may include additional flow passages (e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, or more). The inlet flowpassages respective cavities respective cavities conduit 242. Theconduit 242 reduces wear/erosion on thehousing 232 by forcing the fluid to flow through first and second sets ofapertures conduit 242 may reduce undesirable wear around the surface 246 (e.g., bend, edge) that defines thecavity 238 and around thesurface 248 that defines thecavity 240. - After flowing through the
apertures conduit 242 directs the fluid to anoutlet 254 in thehousing 232. As illustrated, theconduit 242 is inserted into apassage 256 through aninlet 258 in thehousing 232. Theconduit 242 seals with the housing with one or more seals 260 (e.g. circumferential elastomeric seals) that rest in corresponding grooves. - The sets of
apertures conduit 242. As illustrated, the sets ofapertures respective cavities inlet passages apertures apertures apertures apertures - While not illustrated, a bonnet or another piece of equipment (e.g., spool, valve) may couple to the
housing 232 in order to retain theconduit 242 within thehousing 232. Over time the flow of erosive fluid through thehousing 232 may erode theconduit 242. When this occurs, theconduit 242 may be removed and replaced. In this way, theerosion control system 230 may increase the life ofhousing 232. Theerosion control system 230 excludes a sleeve and/or plug for opening and closing the sets ofapertures conduit 242. -
FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of a conduit 280 (e.g.,conduits erosion control system conduit 280 includes aplurality apertures 282. Theapertures 282 enable a fluid to enter aconduit cavity 284. Theconduit cavity 284 fluidly communicates with an outlet of the erosion control system enabling theconduit 280 to change a flow direction of a fluid. In some embodiments, theconduit 280 may include inserts 286 (e.g., wear inserts) that are placed within one or more of theapertures 282. Theinserts 286 definerespective apertures 288 that fluidly communicate with theconduit cavity 284. In some embodiments, theinserts 286 may be made out of a material that is tougher than the material of theconduit 280. For example, theinserts 286 may be made out of polycrystalline diamond, cubic boron nitride, ceramic, tungsten carbide, hardened tool steels, nitrided alloy steels, hardened stainless steels, among others. In operation, theseinserts 286 resist erosion of theconduit 280 as an erosive fluid flows through theapertures 282. -
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a conduit 300 (e.g.,conduits erosion control system conduit 300 includes aplurality apertures 302. Theapertures 302 enable a fluid to enter aconduit cavity 304. Theconduit cavity 304 fluidly communicates with an outlet of the erosion control system. In some embodiments, theconduit 300 may be formed out of a plurality of layers 306 (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, or more). As illustrated, theconduit 300 includes a first layer 308 (e.g., outer layer) and a second layer 310 (e.g., inner layer). Theselayers 306 may be formed from different materials. For example, thefirst layer 308 may be formed from a softer and/or more ductile material (e.g., low alloy steel, tempered stainless steels, aged stainless steels, tempered alloy steels), while thesecond layer 310 may be formed from a tougher and/or more abrasion resistant material (e.g., nitride steel, tungsten carbide, hardened stainless steels, hardened tool steels, nitrided alloy steels, ceramics). A softer and/or more ductile material for thefirst layer 308 may enable theconduit 300 to withstand impacts from material in the fluid flow (e.g., rock) passing through the erosion control system. A tougher and/or abrasion resistant material for thesecond layer 310 may enable theconduit 300 to resist wear as an abrasive fluid flow enters theapertures 302 and flows through theconduit 300. In some embodiments, thefirst layer 308 may be formed from a tough and/or more abrasion resistant material, while thesecond layer 310 may be formed from a softer and/or more ductile material. By forming theconduit 300 out of different layers of material, theconduit 300 may resist wear while changing the direction of a fluid flowing through an erosion control system. - While the invention may be susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and have been described in detail herein. However, it should be understood that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. A hydrocarbon extraction system, comprising:
an erosion control system, the erosion control system comprises:
a housing defining a first inlet, a second inlet, and an outlet, the housing is configured to receive and direct a flow of a particulate laden fluid between the first inlet and the outlet;
a conduit configured to rest within the housing, the conduit is configured to change a direction of the particulate laden fluid and reduce erosion of the housing, the conduit is configured to be inserted into the housing through the second inlet, the conduit defines a plurality of apertures between an exterior surface and an interior surface of the conduit, wherein the apertures direct the fluid into a conduit cavity, the conduit guides the fluid entering the conduit cavity to the outlet; and
wherein the erosion control system excludes a plug and/or a sleeve around or in the conduit.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein each aperture of the plurality of apertures is aligned with a corresponding aperture that is offset one-hundred eighty degrees.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the conduit comprises a first layer and a second layer, wherein the first layer and the second layer are concentric.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the first layer comprises a first material and the second layer comprises a second material.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the first material is harder than the second material.
6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the first layer surrounds the second layer.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the housing defines a cavity surrounding a portion of the conduit.
8. The system of claim 7 , comprising a third inlet in fluid communication with the outlet.
9. The system of claim 7 , wherein a volumetric ratio of the cavity to the portion of the conduit is greater than 1.5.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the conduit comprises a first end with a first diameter and a second end with a second diameter wherein the first diameter is greater than the second diameter.
11. The system of claim 1 , comprising a first seal and a second seal, wherein the first seal and the second seal are configured to form a seal between the conduit and the housing on opposite ends of the conduit.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the conduit comprises an insert within at least one aperture of the plurality of apertures.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the insert comprises at least one polycrystalline diamond, tungsten carbide, or nitrided alloy steels.
14. The system of claim 1 , comprising a wellhead, and wherein the erosion control system couples to the wellhead.
15. An erosion control system, comprising:
a housing defining a first inlet, a second inlet, and an outlet, the housing is configured to receive and direct a first flow of a first fluid and a second flow of a second fluid to the outlet;
a first conduit configured to rest within the housing, the first conduit is configured to change a first direction of the first fluid entering the housing through the first inlet, the first conduit defines a first plurality of apertures, wherein the first plurality of apertures direct the fluid into the first conduit; and
a second conduit configured to rest within the housing downstream from the first conduit, the second conduit is configured to change a second direction of the second fluid entering the housing through the second inlet, the second conduit defines a second plurality of apertures, wherein the second plurality of apertures direct the fluid into the second conduit; and
wherein the erosion control system excludes a plug and/or a sleeve around or in the first conduit and/or the second conduit.
16. The erosion control system of claim 15 , wherein the first conduit and the second conduit are one-piece.
17. The erosion control system of claim 15 , wherein each aperture of the first plurality of apertures and/or the second plurality of apertures is aligned with a corresponding aperture that is offset one-hundred eighty degrees on the corresponding first conduit or second conduit.
18. A hydrocarbon extraction system, comprising:
a wellhead;
an erosion control system coupled to the wellhead, the erosion control system comprises:
a housing defining a first inlet, a second inlet, and an outlet, the housing is configured to receive and direct a flow of a particulate laden fluid between the first inlet and the outlet;
a conduit configured to rest within the housing, the conduit is configured to change a direction of the particulate laden fluid and reduce erosion of the housing, the conduit is configured to be inserted into the housing through the second inlet, the conduit defines a plurality of apertures between an exterior surface and an interior surface of the conduit, wherein the apertures direct the fluid into a conduit cavity, the conduit guides fluid entering the conduit cavity to the outlet; and
wherein the erosion control system excludes a plug and/or a sleeve around the conduit.
19. The system of claim 18 , comprising a third inlet in fluid communication with the outlet.
20. The system of claim 18 , wherein the housing is a frac head.
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US11066913B2 (en) | 2016-05-01 | 2021-07-20 | Cameron International Corporation | Flexible fracturing line with removable liner |
US10876376B2 (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2020-12-29 | Cameron International Corporation | Erosion control system |
US11015413B2 (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2021-05-25 | Cameron International Corporation | Fracturing system with fluid conduit having communication line |
US11319757B2 (en) | 2019-12-26 | 2022-05-03 | Cameron International Corporation | Flexible fracturing fluid delivery conduit quick connectors |
CA3168271A1 (en) | 2020-01-17 | 2021-07-22 | Cameron Technologies Limited | Fracturing fluid delivery systems with sacrificial liners or sleeves |
CA3151694A1 (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2022-09-11 | Tier 1 Energy Tech, Inc. | Full sleeve concentric lubricator |
US11536109B1 (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-12-27 | ADS Services, LLC | Rotatable wear sleeve for wellhead pressure-control device |
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WO2020092223A1 (en) | 2020-05-07 |
US20210189837A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
US20200131889A1 (en) | 2020-04-30 |
US11761286B2 (en) | 2023-09-19 |
US10876376B2 (en) | 2020-12-29 |
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