US20240017793A1 - Electric snowmobile architecture - Google Patents
Electric snowmobile architecture Download PDFInfo
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- US20240017793A1 US20240017793A1 US18/221,492 US202318221492A US2024017793A1 US 20240017793 A1 US20240017793 A1 US 20240017793A1 US 202318221492 A US202318221492 A US 202318221492A US 2024017793 A1 US2024017793 A1 US 2024017793A1
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- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M27/00—Propulsion devices for sledges or the like
- B62M27/02—Propulsion devices for sledges or the like power driven
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
- B62J43/00—Arrangements of batteries
- B62J43/10—Arrangements of batteries for propulsion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
- B62J43/00—Arrangements of batteries
- B62J43/20—Arrangements of batteries characterised by the mounting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/32—Waterborne vessels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62J—CYCLE SADDLES OR SEATS; AUXILIARY DEVICES OR ACCESSORIES SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO CYCLES AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. ARTICLE CARRIERS OR CYCLE PROTECTORS
- B62J41/00—Arrangements of radiators, coolant hoses or pipes on cycles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62K—CYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
- B62K2204/00—Adaptations for driving cycles by electric motor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M27/00—Propulsion devices for sledges or the like
- B62M27/02—Propulsion devices for sledges or the like power driven
- B62M2027/023—Snow mobiles characterised by engine mounting arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M27/00—Propulsion devices for sledges or the like
- B62M27/02—Propulsion devices for sledges or the like power driven
- B62M2027/026—Snow mobiles characterised by the suspension means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M27/00—Propulsion devices for sledges or the like
- B62M27/02—Propulsion devices for sledges or the like power driven
- B62M2027/028—Snow mobiles characterised by chassis or bodywork
Definitions
- the application relates generally to snowmobiles and, more particularly, to electrically-powered snowmobiles.
- Some snowmobiles combust fuel in an internal-combustion engine.
- the architecture of such fuel-consuming snowmobiles is designed to accommodate the size, weight and loads generated by the internal-combustion engine during operation of the snowmobile.
- the architecture of such fuel-consuming snowmobiles is also designed to accommodate the evacuation of hot combustion gases, cooling of components, and the lubrication of still other components.
- the architecture of the snowmobile may be different than that of fuel-consuming snowmobiles.
- an electric snowmobile comprising: a frame extending along a longitudinal axis between a front end and a rear end of the frame, the frame including a tunnel at least partially enclosing a spacing receiving a drive track, the tunnel having a top panel; an electric motor mounted to the frame; and a battery pack mounted to the frame and at least partially disposed rearward of the electric motor relative to the longitudinal axis, the battery pack including one or more battery modules operatively connected to the electric motor for supplying electrical energy to the electric motor, and a battery enclosure containing the one or more battery modules, the battery enclosure having a bottom panel supporting the one or more battery modules, the bottom panel of the battery enclosure secured to the top panel of the tunnel at a plurality of securing locations, the bottom panel and the top panel defining a structurally integrated double walled panel.
- the electric snowmobile described above may include any of the following features, in any combinations.
- an effective thickness of the top panel of the tunnel corresponds to a thickness of the top panel plus a thickness of the bottom panel.
- a ratio of a thickness of the top panel of the tunnel to a thickness of the bottom panel of the battery enclosure ranges from 1.0 to 1.5.
- a distance between the bottom panel of the battery enclosure and the top panel of the tunnel ranges from about 1.5 mm to 2 mm.
- the bottom panel of the battery enclosure and the tunnel are made of two different materials.
- the bottom panel is made of aluminum
- the tunnel is made of aluminum
- the bottom panel is free of contact with the tunnel.
- a damping layer is disposed between the top panel of the tunnel and the bottom panel of the battery enclosure.
- the top panel of the tunnel is parallel to the bottom panel of the battery enclosure.
- the plurality of securing locations are disposed along a perimeter of the bottom panel.
- the plurality of securing locations are distributed in two rows each extending longitudinally relative to the longitudinal axis and disposed adjacent a respective one of two side longitudinal edges of the bottom panel.
- the battery enclosure includes a cover removably securable to the bottom panel.
- the bottom panel is removable from the top panel of the tunnel.
- bolts are at the plurality of securing locations.
- an electric snowmobile comprising: a frame extending along a longitudinal axis between a front end and a rear end of the frame, the frame including a tunnel at least partially enclosing a spacing receiving a drive track, and a sub-frame disposed forward of the tunnel relative to the longitudinal axis, the sub-frame supporting a front suspension; an electric motor mounted to the frame; and a structure disposed over the sub-frame, the structure including members interconnected to one another, the members made of a first material, a bracket secured to an end of a member of the members via an adhesive, the bracket secured to the tunnel, the bracket made of a second material different than the first material.
- the electric snowmobile described above may include any of the following features, in any combinations.
- the first material is steel and the second material is aluminum.
- the adhesive is one or more of an epoxy and an acrylic.
- the structure defines two fore ends and two rear ends, the bracket including two brackets each secured to a respective one of the two rear ends, the two brackets secured to the tunnel.
- the structure defines two fore ends each secured to a respective one of a right suspension and a left suspension of the front suspension.
- the members include a left member extending upwardly from a front left end to a left apex and from the left apex downwardly to a rear left end, a right member extending upwardly from a front right end to a right apex and downwardly from the right apex to a rear right end.
- the right member is secured to the left member proximate the left apex and the right apex.
- the structure includes a bracing member connecting the left member to the right member, the bracing member secured to the left member proximate or at the left apex and secured to the right member proximate or at the right apex.
- the structure includes a transverse member extending substantially transversally to the longitudinal axis from a left end to a right end, the transverse member secured to the left member and to the right member.
- a left foot rest is secured to a left side of the tunnel and a right foot rest secured to a right side of the tunnel, the left foot rest and the right foot rest extending along the longitudinal axis from the sub-frame towards the rear end of the frame, the left end of the transverse member secured to the left foot rest proximate the sub-frame, the right end of the transverse member secured to the right foot rest proximate the sub-frame.
- the transverse member is secured to the left member and to the right member via left and right connecting members made of the second material, the left and right connecting members secured to the transverse member and to the left and right members via the adhesive.
- the left member defines a left elbow and the right member defines a right elbow, the transverse member secured to the left member proximate or at the left elbow and secured to the right member proximate or at the right elbow.
- a left shear plate is connecting the transverse member to the sub-frame and a right shear plate connecting the transverse member to the sub-frame.
- an electric snowmobile comprising: a frame extending along a longitudinal axis between a front end and a rear end of the frame, the frame including a tunnel at least partially enclosing a spacing receiving a drive track, a sub-frame disposed forward of the tunnel relative to the longitudinal axis, the sub-frame supporting a front suspension; an electric motor mounted to the frame; a battery pack mounted over the tunnel and at least partially disposed rearward of the electric motor relative to the longitudinal axis, the battery pack having a front portion and a rear portion, a width of the front portion relative to a transverse direction normal to the longitudinal axis being greater than a width of the rear portion; and a structure disposed over the sub-frame and over the front portion of the battery pack, the structure defining at least four legs ending at four ends, the at least four legs including two front legs secured to the front suspensions and two rear legs secured to the tunnel, each of the two rear legs defining a respective one of two elbows and a respective one
- the electric snowmobile described above may include any of the following features, in any combinations.
- a distance along a vertical direction being normal the transverse direction between the two elbows and a top wall of the tunnel is greater than a height of the battery pack taken along the vertical direction.
- the two elbows are located at an intersection between the front portion and the rear portion of the battery pack.
- the at least four legs are defined by two members each extending upwardly from a front end to an apex and downwardly from the apex to a respective one of the two rear ends.
- the two members are secured to one another proximate the apexes.
- the structure includes a bracing member connecting the two members.
- the structure includes a transverse member extending substantially transversally to the longitudinal axis from a left end to a right end, the transverse member secured to the two rear legs.
- a left foot rest is secured to a left side of the tunnel and a right foot rest secured to a right side of the tunnel, the left foot rest and the right foot rest extending along the longitudinal axis from the sub-frame towards the rear end of the frame, the left end of the transverse member secured to the left foot rest proximate the sub-frame, the right end of the transverse member secured to the right foot rest proximate the sub-frame.
- the transverse member is secured to two rear legs via connecting members.
- a left shear plate is connecting the transverse member to the sub-frame and a right shear plate connecting the transverse member to the sub-frame.
- an electric snowmobile comprising: a frame extending along a longitudinal axis between a front end and a rear end of the frame, the frame including a tunnel at least partially enclosing a spacing receiving a drive track, a sub-frame disposed forward of the tunnel relative to the longitudinal axis, the sub-frame supporting a front suspension, and a bulkhead connecting the sub-frame to the tunnel; an electric motor mounted to the frame; a battery pack mounted to the frame and at least partially disposed rearward of the electric motor relative to the longitudinal axis; and a cooling system including a liquid coolant circuit in heat exchange relationship with one or both of the electric motor and the battery pack, and a heat exchanger mounted to the bulkhead, the heat exchanger having two plates secured to the bulkhead, one of the two plates exposed to the spacing, one or more conduits defined between the two plates, the one or more conduits hydraulically connected to the liquid coolant circuit.
- the electric snowmobile described above may include any of the following features, in any combinations.
- the two plates include a first plate secured to the bulkhead and a second plate secured to the first plate, the second plate exposed to the spacing, being embossed, and defining one or more channels, the one or more conduits extending within the one or more channels.
- the heat exchanger is secured to the bulkhead at a plurality of securing locations thereby increasing a stiffness of the bulkhead.
- the plurality of securing locations are disposed along perimeters of the two plates.
- the two plates are made of metal.
- the two plates have each a thickness of about 1.6 mm.
- a structure for an electric snowmobile having a battery pack having a front portion and a rear portion, a width of the front portion relative to a transverse direction normal to a longitudinal axis of the electric snowmobile being greater than a width of the rear portion comprising: two front legs to secure to front suspensions of the electric snowmobile; and two rear legs to secure to a tunnel of the electric snowmobile, each of the two rear legs defining a respective one of two elbows and a respective one of two rear ends, the two elbows located above the two rear ends, a distance along the transverse direction between the two elbows being greater than a width of the rear portion of the battery pack to receive the rear portion between the two rear legs.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an electric snowmobile
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged three dimensional view of a transmission of the electric snowmobile of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a three dimensional view of the electric snowmobile of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is a front three dimensional view of a frame of the electric snowmobile of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 5 is another front three dimensional view of the frame of the electric snowmobile of FIG. 3 with a battery pack secured thereto;
- FIG. 6 is a side vide of the frame and battery pack of the electric snowmobile of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 7 A is a cross-sectional view illustrating a connection arrangement between the battery pack and the frame of the electric snowmobile of FIG. 3 at first securing locations;
- FIG. 7 B is a cross-sectional view illustrating a connection arrangement between the battery pack and the frame of the electric snowmobile of FIG. 3 at second securing locations;
- FIG. 8 is a front three dimensional view of the frame of the electric snowmobile of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 9 is a three dimensional view of a structure to be secured to the frame of the electric snowmobile of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 10 is a three dimensional view illustrating a connection arrangement between a member of the structure and a bracket of the structure of FIG. 9 ;
- FIG. 11 is another side view of the electric snowmobile of FIG. 3 illustrating the frame and the structure;
- FIG. 12 is a three dimensional view of a structure in accordance with another embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a three dimensional view of a structure in accordance with another embodiment
- FIG. 14 is a three dimensional view of a structure in accordance with another embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a bottom three dimensional view illustrating a heat exchanger secured to the frame of the electric snowmobile of FIG. 3 ;
- FIG. 16 is a bottom side three dimensional view illustrating the heat exchanger and the frame
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 15 ;
- FIG. 18 is a side view of the heat exchanger of FIG. 15 .
- the following disclosure relates to straddle seat vehicles and associated methods for operating the straddle seat vehicles.
- the straddle seat vehicles are drivingly engaged to motors for effecting propulsion of the vehicles in both forward and reverse directions.
- the straddle seat vehicles and methods described herein may be applicable to electric powersport vehicles that may be operated off-road and/or in relatively rugged environments. Examples of suitable off-road electric and non-electric powersport vehicles include snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and utility task vehicles (UTVs).
- ATVs all-terrain vehicles
- UUVs utility task vehicles
- the term off-road vehicle refers to vehicles to which at least some regulations, requirements or laws applicable to on-road vehicles do not apply.
- the vehicles and methods described herein may, based on one or more positions of an input device operatively connected to a motor, determine the forward direction and reverse direction of propulsion for the vehicle.
- connection may include both direct connection and coupling (in which two elements contact each other) and indirect connection and coupling (in which at least one additional element is located between the two elements).
- the electric snowmobile 10 may include a frame 12 (also known as a body or a chassis) which may include a tunnel 14 , a drive track 15 having the form of an endless belt for engaging the ground (e.g., snow) and disposed under the tunnel 14 , and a powertrain 16 mounted to the frame 12 and configured to displace the drive track 15 .
- Skis 18 are disposed in a front portion of the electric snowmobile 10
- a straddle seat 22 is disposed above the tunnel 14 for accommodating an operator of the electric snowmobile 10 and optionally one or more passengers.
- Skis 18 may be movably attached to the frame 12 to permit steering of the electric snowmobile 10 via a steering assembly including a steering column 19 connected to a handle 20 .
- Front suspensions 45 (shown in FIG. 3 ) are connected to the skis 18 and used to dampen movements of the snowmobile 10 when in use.
- the powertrain 16 of the electric snowmobile 10 includes an electric motor assembly 25 .
- the electric motor assembly 25 is a collection of components and features which function to deliver an electric drive to displace the electric snowmobile 10 .
- the electric motor assembly 25 includes one or more electric motor(s) 26 drivingly coupled to the drive track 15 via a drive shaft 28 .
- the electric motor 26 has a maximum output power of between 120 and 180 horse power. In other embodiments, the electric motor 26 has a maximum output power of at least 180 horse power.
- the drive shaft 28 may be drivingly coupled to the drive track 15 via one or more toothed wheels or other means so as to transfer motive power from the electric motor 26 to the drive track 15 .
- the powertrain 16 may also include a battery pack 30 for providing electric energy (i.e. electric current) to the electric motor 26 and driving the electric motor 26 .
- the operation of the electric motor 26 and the delivery of drive current to the electric motor 26 from the battery pack 30 may be controlled by a controller 32 based on an actuation of an input device 34 , sometimes referred to as a “throttle” or “accelerator”, by the operator.
- the controller 32 and the input device 34 are part of a control system CS for controlling operation of the electric snowmobile 10 .
- the battery pack 30 may be a lithium ion or other type of battery pack 30 .
- the electric snowmobile 10 has a cooling system 100 including a liquid coolant circuit 101 in heat exchange relationship with one or both of the electric motor 26 and the battery pack 30 .
- the liquid coolant circuit 101 may extend through cooling passages defined within or around the electric motor 26 and/or within cooling passages defined within the battery pack 30 .
- a liquid coolant may flow within the cooling passages of the liquid coolant circuit 101 to pickup heat generated by these components. This heat may then be expelled to an environment via a heat exchanger, which will be described further below.
- the electric snowmobile 10 may also include one or more brake(s) 36 (referred hereinafter in the singular) that may be applied or released by an actuation of a brake actuator (e.g., lever) 38 by the operator for example.
- the brake 36 may be operable as a main brake for the purpose of slowing and stopping the electric snowmobile 10 during motion of the electric snowmobile 10 .
- the brake 36 may comprise a combination of tractive braking and regenerative braking.
- the brake 36 may be operable as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/091,712 entitled “Braking system for an off-road vehicle”, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the brake 36 may be operable as a parking brake, sometimes called “e-brake” or “emergency brake”, of the electric snowmobile 10 intended to be used when the electric snowmobile 10 is stationary.
- e-brake or “emergency brake”
- the brake actuator 38 may be lockable when the brake 36 is applied in order to use the brake 36 as a parking brake.
- the brake 36 may be electrically or hydraulically operated.
- the brake 36 may include a master cylinder operatively coupled to a brake caliper that applies brake pads against a brake rotor that is coupled to the powertrain 16 .
- such brake rotor may be secured to and rotatable with the drive shaft 28 .
- the brake 36 is electrically connected to the battery pack 30 .
- the brake 36 is a regenerative brake 36 , or applies regenerative braking, such that the brake 36 or components thereof are able to supply the battery pack 30 with electric energy when the brake 36 is applied to a component of the powertrain 16 , and/or when the operator releases the input device 34 (e.g., accelerator).
- the electric motor 26 is in torque-transmitting engagement with the drive shaft 28 via a transmission 40 .
- the transmission 40 may be of a belt/pulley type, a chain/sprocket type, or a shaft/gear type for example.
- the transmission 40 is of a belt/pulley type.
- the transmission 40 includes a drive belt 42 that is mounted about a motor output 26 A of the electric motor 26 , and is also mounted about a drive track wheel 28 A for driving the drive shaft 28 .
- the drive belt 42 therefore extends between the motor output 26 A and the drive track wheel 28 A for conveying torque from the electric motor 26 to the drive shaft 28 .
- the drive shaft 28 provides torque to the drive track 15 .
- the drive belt 42 is thus displaced or driven by the motor output 26 A in a linear manner between the motor output 26 A and the drive track wheel 28 A, and in a circumferential manner about the motor output 26 A and the drive track wheel 28 A.
- the electric snowmobile 10 includes front suspensions 45 connected to the skis 18 .
- each of the front suspensions 45 is connected to a respective one of the skis 18 .
- the frame 12 of the electric snowmobile 10 extends along a longitudinal axis L between a front end 12 A and a rear end 12 B.
- the frame 12 includes a tunnel 60 (which may be similar to tunnel 14 ), a sub-frame 70 , and a structure 80 .
- the sub-frame 70 is disposed forward of the tunnel 60 relative to the longitudinal axis L.
- the sub-frame 70 may define a cavity or spacing that is sized for receiving the electric motor 26 .
- the electric motor 26 may be secured (e.g., fastened to the sub-frame 70 ).
- the tunnel 60 at least partially encloses a spacing receiving the drive track 15 ( FIG. 1 ).
- the sub-frame 70 defines a bulkhead 71 that connects the sub-frame 70 to the tunnel 60 .
- the structure 80 is disposed over the sub-frame 70 .
- the structure 80 may be secured to the tunnel 60 , to the sub-frame 70 , and to the front suspensions 45 . More specifically, and in the embodiment shown, the structure 80 is connected to the front suspension 45 and to the sub-frame 70 at the same one or more locations.
- one or more brackets may each couple the structure 80 to the front suspension 45 and to the sub-frame 70 .
- the structure 80 which may include transverse member 87 , is connected to the front suspension 45 via left and right front legs 81 A, 82 A (see FIG. 8 ), and to the sub-frame 70 via transverse member 87 .
- loads are transferred from the skis 18 to the front suspensions 45 and from the front suspensions 45 to the structure 80 , and from the structure 80 to the tunnel 60 and sub-frame 70 .
- the tunnel 60 may be made of sheet metal having a thickness of about 1 to 3 mm, preferably about 1.6 mm.
- the tunnel 60 may be made of aluminum, or any other suitable material such as steel, composite (e.g., carbon fiber or fiber glass in epoxy).
- the tunnel 60 has a top panel 61 defining a substantially planar surface that faces upwardly in a vertical direction V.
- the expression “substantially” used in the context of the present disclosure is meant to encompass slight variations caused by manufacturing tolerances.
- the tunnel 60 includes two side panels 62 each extending downwardly from longitudinal edges 61 A of the top panel 61 . The two side panels 62 are therefore substantially transverse to the top panel 61 to partially enclose the spacing sized for receiving the drive track 15 .
- the tunnel 60 may be a sheet bended to define the longitudinal edges 61 A located at intersections between the top panel 61 and the two side panels 62 .
- the tunnel 60 includes foot rests 63 (sometimes referred to as “running boards”), namely left and right foot rests each sized for receiving a foot of a user sitting on the straddle seat 22 ( FIG. 1 ) of the electric snowmobile 10 .
- the foot rests 63 may each extend transversally in a transverse direction T from a respective one of the two side panels 62 . In the embodiment shown, the foot rests 63 are secured to bottom edges of the two side panels 62 .
- the foot rests 63 extend longitudinally relative to the longitudinal axis L from the sub-frame 70 towards the rear end 12 B of the frame 12 .
- a peripheral beam 64 is secured to the tunnel 60 and extends from a rear end 63 A of one of the foot rests 63 , wraps around a rear portion of the tunnel 60 at the rear end 12 B of the frame 12 and reaches the rear end 63 A of the other of the foot rests 63 .
- the peripheral beam 64 may be secured to the tunnel 50 adjacent the rear ends 63 A of the foot rests 63 and at one or more locations along its length.
- the peripheral beam 64 may increase a stiffness of the tunnel 60 .
- the peripheral beam 64 may provide a bumper at the rear end 12 B of the frame 12 .
- the battery pack 30 is mounted to the frame 12 and disposed at least partially rearward of the electric motor 26 relative to the longitudinal axis L.
- the battery pack 30 includes one or more battery modules 51 operatively connected to the electric motor 26 for supplying electrical energy to the electric motor 26 .
- the battery pack 30 further includes a battery enclosure 52 containing the one or more battery modules 51 .
- the battery pack 30 has a front portion 30 A and a rear portion 30 B located rearward of the front portion 30 A relative to the longitudinal axis L.
- a width W 1 of the front portion relative to the transverse direction T normal to the longitudinal axis L is greater than a width W 2 of the rear portion 30 B.
- the width W 2 of the rear portion 30 B may generally correspond to the width of the straddle seat 22 disposed above the rear portion 30 B, allowing an operator to straddle the rear portion 30 B and access the foot rests 63 .
- the structure 80 is designed to accommodate this battery pack 30 . More details about the structure 80 are presented herein below.
- the rear portion 30 B of the battery pack 30 is disposed above the tunnel 60 . More specifically, the rear portion 30 B of the battery pack 30 is secured (e.g., glued, fastened) to the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 .
- the battery enclosure 52 includes a cover 53 and a bottom panel 54 .
- the cover 53 may be removably secured to the bottom panel 54 .
- the cover 53 may be removed from the bottom panel 54 to access the battery modules 51 and/or other components of the battery pack 30 for maintenance purposes.
- the battery pack 30 may be secured to the tunnel 60 via the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 .
- the battery pack 30 may be secured to the tunnel 60 via a combination of the bottom panel 54 and the cover 53 of the battery enclosure 52 .
- the battery modules 51 may be supported by the bottom panel 54 and secured thereto using any suitable techniques.
- One of the functions of the tunnel 60 is to support the straddle seat 22 ( FIG. 1 ) and the user sitting on the straddle seat 22 .
- Another function of the tunnel 60 is to transmit loads imparted to the electric snowmobile 10 via the drive track 15 . These loads may include, for instance, acceleration and deceleration forces and moments about the longitudinal axis L.
- the tunnel 60 requires a suitable torsional stiffness.
- the torsional stiffness in the context of the present disclosure corresponds to the resistance of the tunnel 60 against deformation when subjected to a torque defined about the longitudinal axis L.
- the torsional stiffness of the tunnel 60 may be increased by the battery pack 30 . More specifically, the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 is secured to the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 in a manner such that a torsional stiffness of the tunnel 60 is increased by the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 . Stated differently, the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 is secured to the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 at a plurality of securing locations 65 (see FIG. 4 ). Therefore, the bottom panel 54 and the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 define a structurally integrated double walled panel.
- the securing locations 65 are distributed in two rows each extending longitudinally relative to the longitudinal axis L and disposed adjacent a respective one of the two longitudinal edges 61 A of the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 .
- the securing locations 65 of each rows may be separated from one another by between 130-170 mm, and in some embodiments by about 150 mm. Other separations of the securing locations 65 are also contemplated.
- These two rows of the securing locations 65 are disposed along opposed longitudinal edges 54 A of the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 . Stated differently, the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 and the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 are secured to one another along respective portions of their perimeters.
- the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 is clamped to the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 .
- Longitudinal edges 61 A of the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 may be substantially aligned or flush with the longitudinal edges 54 A of the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 .
- the longitudinal edge 54 A of the bottom panel 54 may be located laterally inwardly from the longitudinal edges 61 A of the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 .
- the cover 53 is secured to the bottom panel 54 at a plurality of first securing locations 49 that are spaced apart from one another by between 130-170 mm, and in some embodiments by about 150 mm.
- the bottom panel 54 is secured to the tunnel 60 at a plurality of second securing locations 65 that are spaced apart from one another by between 130-170 mm, and in some embodiments by about 150 mm.
- the first securing locations 49 of the cover 53 to the bottom panel 54 are interspaced between the second securing locations 65 of the bottom panel 54 to the tunnel 60 .
- a first securing location 49 between the cover 53 and the bottom panel 54 is spaced apart from a second securing location 65 between the bottom panel 54 and the tunnel 60 by about mm.
- FIG. 7 A a cross-sectional view illustrating a securing arrangement between the cover 53 and the bottom panel 54 at a first securing location 49 is shown.
- a layer 56 of damping material such as foam
- a seal 55 such as a gasket made of elastomeric material, may be disposed between the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 and a flange 53 A of the cover 53 of the battery enclosure 52 . This seal 55 may be used to protect the battery modules 52 contained in the battery enclosure 52 from snow, water, and other debris.
- the cover 53 is secured to the bottom panel 54 at the first securing locations 49 spaced apart from one another by between 130-170 mm, and in some embodiments by about 150 mm.
- Threaded inserts e.g., standoffs/clinch nuts
- Threaded holes 54 B may be defined by the threaded inserts.
- Bolts may then be inserted through registering apertures 53 B, 55 A defined through the flange 53 A of the cover 53 and through the seal 55 until it threadingly engages the threaded holes 54 B.
- the bolt has a head abutting the flange 53 A to secure the flange 53 A to the bottom panel 54 .
- a washer may be used in some configurations.
- FIG. 7 B a cross-sectional view illustrating a securing arrangement between the bottom panel 54 and the tunnel 60 at a second securing location is shown.
- Registering apertures 53 B, 55 A, 54 B, 56 A, 61 B may be defined through the flange 53 A, the seal the bottom panel 54 , the layer 56 , and the top panel 61 to receive a fastener for securing the battery enclosure 52 to the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 .
- This fastener may include a rivet-nut secured to the top panel 61 and defining inner threads.
- a bolt 66 ( FIG.
- Washers may be used in some configurations.
- a diameter of the apertures 53 B, 55 A defined through the flange 53 A of the cover 53 and through the seal 55 may be greater than that of the apertures 54 B, 56 A defined through the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 and through the layer 56 .
- the diameter of these apertures 53 B, 55 A defined through the flange 53 A of the cover 53 and through the seal 55 is selected to be greater than a diameter of a nut used to threadingly engage the bolt 66 .
- the cover 53 may be clamped to the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 at a plurality of securing locations.
- the flange 53 A, the seal 55 , the bottom panel 54 , the layer 56 , and the top panel 61 may be clamped together.
- These fasteners at the second securing locations 65 may allow the removal of the bottom panel 54 from the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 . Stated differently, the whole battery enclosure 52 may be removable from the tunnel 60 . The seal 55 and/or the layer 56 of damping material may be avoided in some embodiments.
- the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 has a first thickness T 1 and the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 has a second thickness T 2 .
- a ratio of the first thickness T 1 to the second thickness (T 1 /T 2 ) may range from 1 to 1.5.
- an effective thickness of the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 may correspond to the first thickness T 1 of the top panel 61 plus the second thickness T 2 of the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 .
- the expression effective thickness means that structural properties of the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 may be increased by the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 .
- the torsional stiffness of the tunnel 60 may be increased by the bottom panel 54 such that the torsional stiffness of the tunnel 60 combined with the bottom panel 54 is substantially equal to what the torsional stiffness of the tunnel 60 would be if the top panel 61 had a thickness increased by the second thickness T 2 of the bottom panel 54 .
- the top panel 61 and the bottom panel 54 are substantially parallel to one another. When connected, the top panel 61 and the bottom panel 54 may compress the layer of damping material 56 such that there is no visible gap between the top panel 61 and the bottom panel 54 .
- having the longitudinal edges 54 A of the bottom panel 54 being substantially aligned or flush with the longitudinal edges 61 A of the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 may allow to maximize a distance D 1 ( FIG. 4 ) in the transverse direction T between the two rows of the securing locations 65 .
- this may increase an effective width of a combination of the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 and the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 .
- This increase in the effective width may increase the torsional stiffness of the combination of the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 and the top panel 61 of the tunnel.
- Those securing locations 65 may therefore be as close as possible to the longitudinal edges 54 A, 61 A of the bottom panel 54 and the top panel 61 .
- top panel 61 and the bottom panel 54 close to one another may allow a reduction of the thickness of the sheet metal of the tunnel 60 , which may provide significant weight savings.
- the thickness of the top panel may be reduced by approximately 0.4 mm, which may provide about 2 kilograms of weight savings.
- the bottom panel 54 and the tunnel 60 may be made of the same material, such as aluminum. Alternatively, they may be made from two different materials (e.g., steel and aluminum). In some embodiments, composite materials may be used.
- the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 is free of contact with the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 .
- a spacing or gap between the tunnel 60 and the bottom panel 54 may be sized to receive the layer 56 of damping material.
- a third thickness T 3 of this layer 56 which substantially corresponds to a dimension of the spacing or distance between the tunnel 60 and the bottom panel 54 , may be about from 1.5 mm to 2 mm.
- the third thickness T 3 corresponds to a distance between the tunnel 60 and the bottom panel 54 .
- the layer 56 may be compressed when the bottom panel 54 is fastened to the tunnel 60 .
- the gap between the tunnel 60 and the bottom panel 54 may increase the effective torsional and/or bending stiffness of the tunnel 60 .
- spacing the bottom panel 54 and the top panel 61 apart from one another may improve stiffness similar to an I-beam. This may for allow a reduced thickness of the material of the tunnel 60 , thereby saving weight.
- the layer 56 may be removed and the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 may be in contact against the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 .
- the bottom panel 54 may be glued to the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 .
- a number of the second securing locations 65 between the bottom panel 54 of the battery enclosure 52 and the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 is selected to increase a clamping surface area between these two panels. The greater the clamping surface area, the greater the loads transferred between the two panels.
- the structure 80 may be made with tubular members, which may be made of a first material, such as steel, or other suitable materials. The use of steel may improve the strength of the tubular members as compared to other materials, for example.
- the structure 80 includes left and right primary members 81 , 82 interconnected to one another and defining four legs, namely, left and right front legs 81 A, 82 A and left and right rear legs 81 B, 82 B.
- the left primary member 81 defines the left front leg 81 A and the left right leg 81 B
- the right primary member 82 defines the right front leg 82 A and the right rear leg 82 B.
- the left front leg 81 A, left rear leg 81 B, right front leg 82 A and right rear leg 82 B may each be separate components joined together at a bracing member 86 .
- the structure 80 includes transverse member 87 that extends substantially transversally to the longitudinal axis L from a left end 87 A to a right end 87 B.
- Each of the four legs 81 A, 82 A, 81 B, 82 B define a respective end via which the structure 80 is secured to the tunnel 60 and sub-frame 70 . More specifically, the left front leg 81 A defines a left front end 81 C secured to one of the front suspensions 45 ( FIG.
- the left rear leg 81 B defines a left rear end 81 D secured to the tunnel 60
- the right front leg 82 A defines a right front end 82 C secured to the other of the front suspensions 45
- the right rear leg 82 B defines a right rear end 82 D secured to the tunnel 60
- a transverse member 87 is secured to the left and right primary members 81 , 82 .
- the transverse member 87 is further secured to the sub-frame 70 and is used to secure the structure 80 to the sub-frame 70 .
- a left rear bracket 83 is secured to the left rear end 81 D of the left rear leg 81 B.
- a right rear bracket 84 is secured to the right rear end 82 D of the right rear leg 82 B.
- the left and right rear brackets 83 , 84 may be made of a second material, such as aluminum, or other suitable materials.
- the use of aluminum may reduce the weight of the left and right rear brackets 83 , 84 as compared to other materials, for example.
- the second material of the left and right rear brackets 83 , 84 may be different than the first material of the left and right primary members 81 , 82 . This use of dissimilar materials may provide an improved trade-off between the weight, strength and cost of the structure 80 when compared to a structure made of a uniform material, for example.
- the left and right rear brackets 83 , 84 define flanges for being secured to the side panels 62 of the tunnel 60 .
- the aluminum brackets 83 , 84 are casted components, allowing for relatively intricate geometries.
- the bracing member 86 may be a forged component, providing increased strength to take on greater loads from the steering column than casted components. In other embodiments, all of brackets 83 , 84 and bracing member 86 may be either casted or forged.
- FIG. 10 a cross-sectional view of one of the left and right rear legs 81 B, 82 B, which are hollow and secured to the left and right rear brackets 83 , 84 in the embodiment shown.
- An adhesive 85 is used to secure the left and right rear brackets 83 , 84 to the left and right rear legs 81 B, 82 B. Put differently, the left and right rear brackets 83 , 84 are secured to the left and right rear legs 81 B, 82 B via the adhesive 85 .
- the adhesive 85 may be epoxy, acrylic, or any suitable adhesive used for adhesive bonding of metallic materials.
- the adhesive may be a 2-part system where a resin and a hardener or accelerator is mixed with the resin and left to cure at room temperature.
- the adhesive may be a 1-part system where the adhesive is oven-cured.
- the epoxy-based adhesives may provide superior bond strength whereas acrylic adhesives may be more tolerant to imperfection in surface finishes of substrates.
- using two different materials for the members and the brackets may allow for costs and weight savings.
- the adhesive 85 used for securing the brackets may avoid relying on brazing or welding. Typically, welding or brazing components together impart residual stresses within the materials of these components. To alleviate the residual stresses, the components are subjected to a heat treatment.
- securing the brackets via the adhesive 85 rather than via brazing or welding, may avoid imparting residual stresses within the materials and may avoid having to subject the structure 80 to a heat treatment. This may further reduce costs.
- the attachment between the brackets and the members may be free of a braze joint and weld joint.
- the left primary member 81 extends upwardly in the vertical direction V from the left front end 81 C to a left apex 81 E, downwardly from the left apex 81 E to a left elbow 81 F, and downwardly from the left elbow 81 F to the left rear end 81 D.
- the right primary member 82 extends upwardly in the vertical direction V from the right front end 82 C to a right apex 82 E, downwardly from the right apex 82 E to a right elbow 82 F, and downwardly from the right elbow 82 F to the right rear end 82 D.
- a distance in the transverse direction T between the left and right primary members 81 , 82 increases from the left and right apexes 81 E, 82 E to the left and right elbows 81 F, 82 F.
- a second distance D 2 defined between the left and right elbows 81 F, 82 F is greater than the width W 2 ( FIG. 5 ) of the rear portion 30 B ( FIG. 5 ) of the battery pack 30 to receive the rear portion 30 B of the battery pack 30 between the left and right rear legs 81 B, 82 B.
- the left primary member 81 is secured to the right primary member 82 via bracing member 86 .
- the bracing member 86 may be made of the second material, which may be aluminum, and secured to the left and right primary members 81 , 82 via the adhesive 85 as described herein above with reference to FIG. 10 .
- the bracing member 86 is located proximate the left and right apexes 81 E, 82 E, but may alternatively located at the left and right apexes 81 E, 82 E or at another suitable location.
- a third distance D 3 along the vertical direction V between the left and right elbows 81 F, 82 F and the top panel 61 of the tunnel 60 is greater than a height H of the battery pack 30 taken along the vertical direction V. This may allow the structure 80 to fit over the battery pack 30 , by accommodating its width W 2 and its height H.
- the left and right elbows 81 F, 82 F are substantially longitudinally aligned with the intersection between the front portion 30 A and the rear portion 30 B of the battery pack 30 .
- the structure 80 includes a transverse member 87 that extends substantially transversally to the longitudinal axis L from a left end 87 A to a right end 87 B.
- the transverse member 87 is secured to both of the left and right primary members 81 , 82 via left and right connecting members 88 , 89 made of the second material, which may be aluminum.
- An adhesive may be used to bond the left and right connecting members 88 , 89 to both of the left and right primary members 81 , 82 , more specifically, the left and right rear legs 81 B, 82 B, and to the transverse member 87 .
- the connecting members 88 , 89 may be casted components.
- the left end 87 A of the transverse member 87 is secured to one of the foot rests 63 and the right end 87 B of the transverse member 87 is secured to the other of the foot rests 63 .
- the two foot rests 63 may be secured to one another via the transverse member 87 .
- the left and right ends 87 A, 87 B of the transverse member 87 are secured proximate front ends of the foot rests 63 proximate to the sub-frame 70 and to or proximate outer edges of the foot rests 63 .
- securing locations between the first and second ends 87 A, 87 B of the transverse member 87 and the foot rests 63 are separated from (e.g., disposed as far as possible from) the tunnel 60 thereby increasing a distance between those securing locations. In turn, this may provide an increase stiffness to the foot rests 63 . More specifically, the foot rests 63 are substantially cantilevered from the side panels 62 of the tunnel and, thus, may be subjected to flexion about the longitudinal axis L. Securing both foot rests 63 to the transverse member 87 may reduce this flexion, thereby increasing a perceived stiffness of the foot rests 63 to the user.
- the attachment of the foot rests 63 to the transverse member 87 may create a load path that extends from the tunnel 60 , along the foot rests 63 , to the transverse member 87 , to the structure 80 , and to the front suspensions 45 .
- the electric snowmobile 10 may thus be better at handling the loads imparted to it during use because of this transverse member 87 .
- Securing the first and second ends 87 A, 87 B of the transverse member 87 to the foot rests 63 may provide room for the front portion 30 A of the battery pack 30 .
- the width W 1 of the front portion 30 A of the battery back 30 may be greater than the width W 2 of the rear portion 30 B, and therefore extending the transverse member 87 beyond the width of the tunnel 60 may provide additional room to accommodate the front portion 30 A within the structure 80 .
- a secondary left member 90 and a secondary right member 91 are used to secure a left leg 87 C of the transverse member 87 to the left rear leg 81 B of the left primary member 81 and to secure a right leg 87 D of the transverse member 87 to the right rear leg 82 B of the right primary member 82 .
- the secondary left and right members 90 , 91 may increase a stiffness of the structure 80 and, more particularly, may increase a stiffness of the transverse member 87 .
- Connecting members made of the second material, such as aluminum, may be used to secure the secondary left and right members 90 , 91 to the left and right primary members 81 , 82 . As depicted in FIG.
- the left and right members 90 , 91 may be further connected to the sub-frame 70 .
- the connection between the sub-frame 70 and the left and right legs 87 C and 87 D may assist with countering moment loads exerted on the structure 80 by loads received by the foot rests 63 during riding.
- the structure 80 including the left and right primary members 81 , 82 , the transverse members 87 , the brackets 83 , 84 , the connecting members 88 , 89 , the bracing member 86 , and the left and right secondary members 90 , 91 , may become a single integral unit.
- the structure 80 may be secured to the frame 12 at six different locations, each corresponding to a respective one of the ends 81 C, 81 D, 82 C, 82 D, 87 A, 87 B.
- the structure 80 may be secured to the tunnel 60 and the sub-frame 70 as a whole single unit lowered down over the battery pack 30 .
- fasteners such as bolts may be used to connect the structure to the tunnel 60 and the sub-frame 70 .
- each of the ends 81 C, 82 C may include a threaded hole to receive a bolt extending through a respective one of the front suspensions 45 to connect to the front suspensions 45 .
- the threaded holes may extend axially into the left and right primary members 81 , 82 at the ends 81 C, 82 C, respectively.
- each of the ends 87 A, 87 B may include an threaded hole extending axially into the transverse member 87 at a respective one of the ends 87 A, 87 B.
- These threaded holes may receive bolts extending through the foot rests 63 .
- the left and right rear brackets 83 , 84 may also be coupled to the tunnel 60 using fasteners.
- the structure 80 includes shear plates 92 each disposed on a respective side of the structure 80 .
- the shear plates 92 connect the transverse member 87 to the sub-frame 70 .
- the shear plates 92 are secured to the left and right legs 87 C, 87 D proximate the left and right ends 87 A, 87 B of the transverse member 87 .
- the shear plates 92 may limit a deflection of the left and right legs 87 C, 87 D of the transverse member 87 along the longitudinal axis L.
- Each of the shear plates 92 may be secured to a respective one of the left and right legs 87 C, 87 D of the transverse member 87 at three securing locations distributed vertically along a length of the left and right legs 87 C, 87 D. Any suitable number of securing locations is contemplated. Each of the shear plates 92 may be secured to the sub-frame along perimeters of the shear plates 92 .
- the structure 80 may be removed from the sub-frame 70 and the tunnel 60 to access the battery pack 30 . This may be useful if a replacement or repair of the battery pack 30 is required.
- the battery pack 30 may be disposed over the tunnel 60 and the sub-frame 70 .
- the structure 80 may be lowered vertically over the battery pack 30 and be secured to the tunnel 60 and sub-frame 70 . As explained above, the two elbows of the structure 80 are sufficiently spaced apart and elevated to accommodate the battery pack 30 .
- the steering column 19 defines a bend or elbow 19 A to accommodate the front portion 30 A of the battery pack 30 . This may allow to increase a size of the battery pack 30 without interference with the steering column 19 .
- FIG. 12 an alternate embodiment of the structure is shown at 180 .
- FIG. 12 an alternate embodiment of the structure is shown at 180 .
- features differing from the structure 80 described above are described below.
- the structure 180 includes the left and right primary members 81 , 82 defining the four legs 81 A, 81 B, 82 A, 82 B.
- the left and right primary members 81 , 82 are secured together via two secondary transverse members 181 , 182 extending generally transversally to the longitudinal axis L.
- FIG. 13 an alternate embodiment of the structure is shown at 280 .
- FIG. 13 an alternate embodiment of the structure is shown at 280 .
- features differing from the structure 80 described above are described below.
- the structure 280 includes the left and right primary members 281 , 282 defining the four legs 81 A, 81 B, 82 A, 82 B.
- the left and right primary members 281 , 282 are secured together at an apex 281 A of the structure 280 .
- the left and right primary members 281 , 282 cross one another at the apex 281 A.
- the left and right primary members 281 , 282 are secured together via two secondary transverse members 283 , 284 extending generally transversally to the longitudinal axis L.
- the two secondary transverse members 283 , 284 are located above one another and may be parallel to one another.
- FIG. 14 an alternate embodiment of the structure is shown at 380 .
- FIG. 14 an alternate embodiment of the structure is shown at 380 .
- only features differing from the structure 80 described above are described below.
- the structure 380 includes the two primary members 381 , 382 defining the four legs 81 A, 81 B, 82 A, 82 B.
- the two primary members 381 , 382 are offset from one another relative to the longitudinal axis L and define U-shapes and apexes 381 A, 382 A.
- the two primary members 381 , 382 are secured together at their apexes 381 A, 382 A via a plate 383 .
- the two primary members 381 , 382 are secured together via a secondary transverse members 384 extending generally transversally to the longitudinal axis L.
- two or more members of the structures 180 , 280 , 380 may be secured together using fasteners, welds and/or adhesives.
- brackets may be used to help secure the members.
- the heat exchanger 102 is herein mounted to the bulkhead 71 of the sub-frame 70 .
- the heat exchanger 102 may be removable from the bulkhead 71 .
- the heat exchanger 102 faces the spacing that is defined by the tunnel 60 and that receives the drive track 15 ( FIG. 1 ).
- the heat exchanger 102 may thus be exposed to snow and cold air circulating around the drive track 15 .
- the heat exchanger 102 covers a major portion of a surface of the bulkhead 71 exposed to the spacing. In the embodiment shown, the heat exchanger 102 covers more than 50%, and optionally as much as 90% of the surface of the bulkhead 71 exposed to the spacing.
- the heat exchanger 102 includes two plates namely a first plate 103 and a second plate 104 mounted to the first plate 103 .
- the first plate 103 is mounted to the bulkhead 71 .
- the first plate 103 may contact the bulkhead 71 .
- the bulkhead 71 may include a cut-out portion at a location where the heat exchanger 102 is positioned.
- the first plate 103 is mounted to the bulkhead 71 along its periphery such that the first plate 103 forms the surface of the bulkhead 71 that faces the motor 26 .
- the second plate 104 is secured to the first plate 103 and may be sealingly engaged to the first plate 103 .
- the second plate 104 is exposed to the spacing receiving the drive track 15 .
- the second plate 104 is embossed to define one or more channels 105 for flowing the liquid coolant of the cooling system 100 ( FIG. 1 ).
- the one or more channels 105 is thus defined between the first plate 103 and the second plate 104 .
- the one or more channels 105 is in fluid flow communication with an inlet 1021 of the exchanger 102 and with an outlet 1020 of the heat exchanger 102 .
- the inlet 1021 and the outlet 1020 of the heat exchanger 102 are in fluid flow communication with the liquid coolant circuit 101 ( FIG. 1 ) of the electric snowmobile 10 .
- the liquid coolant flows through the different components (e.g., electric motor 26 , battery pack 30 ) to pick up heat from said components.
- the liquid coolant then flows through the one or more channels 105 of the heat exchanger 102 via the inlet 1021 and outlet 1020 .
- Heat of the liquid coolant may be transferred to ambient air via the one or more channels 105 , via internal convection within the one or more channels 105 , conduction through the second plate 104 , and external convection with the ambient air.
- the first and second plates 103 , 104 of the heat exchanger 102 are secured to the bulkhead 71 at a plurality of locations 106 distributed around perimeters of the first and second plates 103 , 104 .
- the heat exchanger 102 may therefore increase a stiffness of the bulkhead 71 .
- the first and second plates 103 , 104 may be made of a metallic material, such as stainless steel or aluminum, and may each have a thickness of about 1.6 mm.
- the disclosed frame 12 and structure 80 of the electric snowmobile 10 may provide the necessary stiffness and may be lighter than existing snowmobile configurations. It may be more cost efficient and easier to manufacture.
- the stiffness in torsion of the tunnel 60 may be improved by the battery pack 30 , and more particularly by the bottom panel 54 of said battery pack 30 .
- the structure 80 may be adequately sized to accommodate the battery pack 30 while providing the required stiffness.
Abstract
An electric snowmobile, has: a frame extending along a longitudinal axis between a front end and a rear end, the frame including a tunnel at least partially enclosing a spacing, the tunnel having a top panel; an electric motor mounted to the frame; and a battery pack mounted to the frame and at least partially disposed rearward of the electric motor relative to the longitudinal axis, the battery pack including one or more battery modules operatively connected to the electric motor for supplying electrical energy to the electric motor, and a battery enclosure containing the one or more battery modules, the battery enclosure having a bottom panel supporting the one or more battery modules, the bottom panel of the battery enclosure secured to the top panel of the tunnel at a plurality of securing locations, the bottom panel and the top panel defining a structurally integrated double walled panel.
Description
- This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/368,679, filed Jul. 18, 2022, and from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/370,969, filed Aug. 10, 2022, both of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety herein.
- The application relates generally to snowmobiles and, more particularly, to electrically-powered snowmobiles.
- Some snowmobiles combust fuel in an internal-combustion engine. The architecture of such fuel-consuming snowmobiles is designed to accommodate the size, weight and loads generated by the internal-combustion engine during operation of the snowmobile. The architecture of such fuel-consuming snowmobiles is also designed to accommodate the evacuation of hot combustion gases, cooling of components, and the lubrication of still other components.
- For snowmobiles having batteries which supply electrical power to one or more electric motors for propulsion, the architecture of the snowmobile may be different than that of fuel-consuming snowmobiles.
- In one aspect, there is provided an electric snowmobile, comprising: a frame extending along a longitudinal axis between a front end and a rear end of the frame, the frame including a tunnel at least partially enclosing a spacing receiving a drive track, the tunnel having a top panel; an electric motor mounted to the frame; and a battery pack mounted to the frame and at least partially disposed rearward of the electric motor relative to the longitudinal axis, the battery pack including one or more battery modules operatively connected to the electric motor for supplying electrical energy to the electric motor, and a battery enclosure containing the one or more battery modules, the battery enclosure having a bottom panel supporting the one or more battery modules, the bottom panel of the battery enclosure secured to the top panel of the tunnel at a plurality of securing locations, the bottom panel and the top panel defining a structurally integrated double walled panel.
- The electric snowmobile described above may include any of the following features, in any combinations.
- In some embodiments, an effective thickness of the top panel of the tunnel corresponds to a thickness of the top panel plus a thickness of the bottom panel.
- In some embodiments, a ratio of a thickness of the top panel of the tunnel to a thickness of the bottom panel of the battery enclosure ranges from 1.0 to 1.5.
- In some embodiments, a distance between the bottom panel of the battery enclosure and the top panel of the tunnel ranges from about 1.5 mm to 2 mm.
- In some embodiments, the bottom panel of the battery enclosure and the tunnel are made of two different materials.
- In some embodiments, the bottom panel is made of aluminum, and the tunnel is made of aluminum.
- In some embodiments, the bottom panel is free of contact with the tunnel.
- In some embodiments, a damping layer is disposed between the top panel of the tunnel and the bottom panel of the battery enclosure.
- In some embodiments, the top panel of the tunnel is parallel to the bottom panel of the battery enclosure.
- In some embodiments, the plurality of securing locations are disposed along a perimeter of the bottom panel.
- In some embodiments, the plurality of securing locations are distributed in two rows each extending longitudinally relative to the longitudinal axis and disposed adjacent a respective one of two side longitudinal edges of the bottom panel.
- In some embodiments, the battery enclosure includes a cover removably securable to the bottom panel.
- In some embodiments, the bottom panel is removable from the top panel of the tunnel.
- In some embodiments, bolts are at the plurality of securing locations.
- In another aspect, there is provided an electric snowmobile, comprising: a frame extending along a longitudinal axis between a front end and a rear end of the frame, the frame including a tunnel at least partially enclosing a spacing receiving a drive track, and a sub-frame disposed forward of the tunnel relative to the longitudinal axis, the sub-frame supporting a front suspension; an electric motor mounted to the frame; and a structure disposed over the sub-frame, the structure including members interconnected to one another, the members made of a first material, a bracket secured to an end of a member of the members via an adhesive, the bracket secured to the tunnel, the bracket made of a second material different than the first material.
- The electric snowmobile described above may include any of the following features, in any combinations.
- In some embodiments, the first material is steel and the second material is aluminum.
- In some embodiments, the adhesive is one or more of an epoxy and an acrylic.
- In some embodiments, the structure defines two fore ends and two rear ends, the bracket including two brackets each secured to a respective one of the two rear ends, the two brackets secured to the tunnel.
- In some embodiments, the structure defines two fore ends each secured to a respective one of a right suspension and a left suspension of the front suspension.
- In some embodiments, the members include a left member extending upwardly from a front left end to a left apex and from the left apex downwardly to a rear left end, a right member extending upwardly from a front right end to a right apex and downwardly from the right apex to a rear right end.
- In some embodiments, the right member is secured to the left member proximate the left apex and the right apex.
- In some embodiments, the structure includes a bracing member connecting the left member to the right member, the bracing member secured to the left member proximate or at the left apex and secured to the right member proximate or at the right apex.
- In some embodiments, the structure includes a transverse member extending substantially transversally to the longitudinal axis from a left end to a right end, the transverse member secured to the left member and to the right member.
- In some embodiments, a left foot rest is secured to a left side of the tunnel and a right foot rest secured to a right side of the tunnel, the left foot rest and the right foot rest extending along the longitudinal axis from the sub-frame towards the rear end of the frame, the left end of the transverse member secured to the left foot rest proximate the sub-frame, the right end of the transverse member secured to the right foot rest proximate the sub-frame.
- In some embodiments, the transverse member is secured to the left member and to the right member via left and right connecting members made of the second material, the left and right connecting members secured to the transverse member and to the left and right members via the adhesive.
- In some embodiments, the left member defines a left elbow and the right member defines a right elbow, the transverse member secured to the left member proximate or at the left elbow and secured to the right member proximate or at the right elbow.
- In some embodiments, a left shear plate is connecting the transverse member to the sub-frame and a right shear plate connecting the transverse member to the sub-frame.
- In yet another aspect, there is provided an electric snowmobile, comprising: a frame extending along a longitudinal axis between a front end and a rear end of the frame, the frame including a tunnel at least partially enclosing a spacing receiving a drive track, a sub-frame disposed forward of the tunnel relative to the longitudinal axis, the sub-frame supporting a front suspension; an electric motor mounted to the frame; a battery pack mounted over the tunnel and at least partially disposed rearward of the electric motor relative to the longitudinal axis, the battery pack having a front portion and a rear portion, a width of the front portion relative to a transverse direction normal to the longitudinal axis being greater than a width of the rear portion; and a structure disposed over the sub-frame and over the front portion of the battery pack, the structure defining at least four legs ending at four ends, the at least four legs including two front legs secured to the front suspensions and two rear legs secured to the tunnel, each of the two rear legs defining a respective one of two elbows and a respective one of two rear ends of the four ends, the two elbows located above the two rear ends, a distance along the transverse direction between the two elbows being greater than the width of the rear portion of the battery pack to receive the rear portion between the two rear legs.
- The electric snowmobile described above may include any of the following features, in any combinations.
- In some embodiments, a distance along a vertical direction being normal the transverse direction between the two elbows and a top wall of the tunnel is greater than a height of the battery pack taken along the vertical direction.
- In some embodiments, the two elbows are located at an intersection between the front portion and the rear portion of the battery pack.
- In some embodiments, the at least four legs are defined by two members each extending upwardly from a front end to an apex and downwardly from the apex to a respective one of the two rear ends.
- In some embodiments, the two members are secured to one another proximate the apexes.
- In some embodiments, the structure includes a bracing member connecting the two members.
- In some embodiments, the structure includes a transverse member extending substantially transversally to the longitudinal axis from a left end to a right end, the transverse member secured to the two rear legs.
- In some embodiments, a left foot rest is secured to a left side of the tunnel and a right foot rest secured to a right side of the tunnel, the left foot rest and the right foot rest extending along the longitudinal axis from the sub-frame towards the rear end of the frame, the left end of the transverse member secured to the left foot rest proximate the sub-frame, the right end of the transverse member secured to the right foot rest proximate the sub-frame.
- In some embodiments, the transverse member is secured to two rear legs via connecting members.
- In some embodiments, a left shear plate is connecting the transverse member to the sub-frame and a right shear plate connecting the transverse member to the sub-frame.
- In still another aspect, there is provided an electric snowmobile, comprising: a frame extending along a longitudinal axis between a front end and a rear end of the frame, the frame including a tunnel at least partially enclosing a spacing receiving a drive track, a sub-frame disposed forward of the tunnel relative to the longitudinal axis, the sub-frame supporting a front suspension, and a bulkhead connecting the sub-frame to the tunnel; an electric motor mounted to the frame; a battery pack mounted to the frame and at least partially disposed rearward of the electric motor relative to the longitudinal axis; and a cooling system including a liquid coolant circuit in heat exchange relationship with one or both of the electric motor and the battery pack, and a heat exchanger mounted to the bulkhead, the heat exchanger having two plates secured to the bulkhead, one of the two plates exposed to the spacing, one or more conduits defined between the two plates, the one or more conduits hydraulically connected to the liquid coolant circuit.
- The electric snowmobile described above may include any of the following features, in any combinations.
- In some embodiments, the two plates include a first plate secured to the bulkhead and a second plate secured to the first plate, the second plate exposed to the spacing, being embossed, and defining one or more channels, the one or more conduits extending within the one or more channels.
- In some embodiments, the heat exchanger is secured to the bulkhead at a plurality of securing locations thereby increasing a stiffness of the bulkhead.
- In some embodiments, the plurality of securing locations are disposed along perimeters of the two plates.
- In some embodiments, the two plates are made of metal.
- In some embodiments, the two plates have each a thickness of about 1.6 mm.
- In another aspect, there is provided a structure for an electric snowmobile having a battery pack having a front portion and a rear portion, a width of the front portion relative to a transverse direction normal to a longitudinal axis of the electric snowmobile being greater than a width of the rear portion, the structure comprising: two front legs to secure to front suspensions of the electric snowmobile; and two rear legs to secure to a tunnel of the electric snowmobile, each of the two rear legs defining a respective one of two elbows and a respective one of two rear ends, the two elbows located above the two rear ends, a distance along the transverse direction between the two elbows being greater than a width of the rear portion of the battery pack to receive the rear portion between the two rear legs.
- Reference is now made to the accompanying figures in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an electric snowmobile; -
FIG. 2 is an enlarged three dimensional view of a transmission of the electric snowmobile ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a three dimensional view of the electric snowmobile ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 is a front three dimensional view of a frame of the electric snowmobile ofFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 5 is another front three dimensional view of the frame of the electric snowmobile ofFIG. 3 with a battery pack secured thereto; -
FIG. 6 is a side vide of the frame and battery pack of the electric snowmobile ofFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view illustrating a connection arrangement between the battery pack and the frame of the electric snowmobile ofFIG. 3 at first securing locations; -
FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view illustrating a connection arrangement between the battery pack and the frame of the electric snowmobile ofFIG. 3 at second securing locations; -
FIG. 8 is a front three dimensional view of the frame of the electric snowmobile ofFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 9 is a three dimensional view of a structure to be secured to the frame of the electric snowmobile ofFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 10 is a three dimensional view illustrating a connection arrangement between a member of the structure and a bracket of the structure ofFIG. 9 ; -
FIG. 11 is another side view of the electric snowmobile ofFIG. 3 illustrating the frame and the structure; -
FIG. 12 is a three dimensional view of a structure in accordance with another embodiment; -
FIG. 13 is a three dimensional view of a structure in accordance with another embodiment; -
FIG. 14 is a three dimensional view of a structure in accordance with another embodiment; -
FIG. 15 is a bottom three dimensional view illustrating a heat exchanger secured to the frame of the electric snowmobile ofFIG. 3 ; -
FIG. 16 is a bottom side three dimensional view illustrating the heat exchanger and the frame; -
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchanger ofFIG. 15 ; and -
FIG. 18 is a side view of the heat exchanger ofFIG. 15 . - The following disclosure relates to straddle seat vehicles and associated methods for operating the straddle seat vehicles. The straddle seat vehicles are drivingly engaged to motors for effecting propulsion of the vehicles in both forward and reverse directions. In some embodiments, the straddle seat vehicles and methods described herein may be applicable to electric powersport vehicles that may be operated off-road and/or in relatively rugged environments. Examples of suitable off-road electric and non-electric powersport vehicles include snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs), and utility task vehicles (UTVs). As used herein, the term off-road vehicle refers to vehicles to which at least some regulations, requirements or laws applicable to on-road vehicles do not apply. In some embodiments, the vehicles and methods described herein may, based on one or more positions of an input device operatively connected to a motor, determine the forward direction and reverse direction of propulsion for the vehicle.
- The terms “connected”, “connects” and “coupled to” may include both direct connection and coupling (in which two elements contact each other) and indirect connection and coupling (in which at least one additional element is located between the two elements).
- With reference to
FIG. 1 , an electric snowmobile in accordance with one embodiment is shown at 10. Theelectric snowmobile 10 may include a frame 12 (also known as a body or a chassis) which may include atunnel 14, adrive track 15 having the form of an endless belt for engaging the ground (e.g., snow) and disposed under thetunnel 14, and apowertrain 16 mounted to theframe 12 and configured to displace thedrive track 15.Skis 18 are disposed in a front portion of theelectric snowmobile 10, and astraddle seat 22 is disposed above thetunnel 14 for accommodating an operator of theelectric snowmobile 10 and optionally one or more passengers.Skis 18, namely left and right skis, may be movably attached to theframe 12 to permit steering of theelectric snowmobile 10 via a steering assembly including asteering column 19 connected to ahandle 20. Front suspensions 45 (shown inFIG. 3 ) are connected to theskis 18 and used to dampen movements of thesnowmobile 10 when in use. - Referring to
FIGS. 1 and 2 , thepowertrain 16 of theelectric snowmobile 10 includes anelectric motor assembly 25. Theelectric motor assembly 25 is a collection of components and features which function to deliver an electric drive to displace theelectric snowmobile 10. Theelectric motor assembly 25 includes one or more electric motor(s) 26 drivingly coupled to thedrive track 15 via adrive shaft 28. In one embodiment, theelectric motor 26 has a maximum output power of between 120 and 180 horse power. In other embodiments, theelectric motor 26 has a maximum output power of at least 180 horse power. Thedrive shaft 28 may be drivingly coupled to thedrive track 15 via one or more toothed wheels or other means so as to transfer motive power from theelectric motor 26 to thedrive track 15. Thepowertrain 16 may also include abattery pack 30 for providing electric energy (i.e. electric current) to theelectric motor 26 and driving theelectric motor 26. The operation of theelectric motor 26 and the delivery of drive current to theelectric motor 26 from thebattery pack 30 may be controlled by acontroller 32 based on an actuation of aninput device 34, sometimes referred to as a “throttle” or “accelerator”, by the operator. Thecontroller 32 and theinput device 34 are part of a control system CS for controlling operation of theelectric snowmobile 10. In some embodiments, thebattery pack 30 may be a lithium ion or other type ofbattery pack 30. - In the embodiment shown, the
electric snowmobile 10 has acooling system 100 including aliquid coolant circuit 101 in heat exchange relationship with one or both of theelectric motor 26 and thebattery pack 30. Theliquid coolant circuit 101 may extend through cooling passages defined within or around theelectric motor 26 and/or within cooling passages defined within thebattery pack 30. A liquid coolant may flow within the cooling passages of theliquid coolant circuit 101 to pickup heat generated by these components. This heat may then be expelled to an environment via a heat exchanger, which will be described further below. - The
electric snowmobile 10 may also include one or more brake(s) 36 (referred hereinafter in the singular) that may be applied or released by an actuation of a brake actuator (e.g., lever) 38 by the operator for example. Thebrake 36 may be operable as a main brake for the purpose of slowing and stopping theelectric snowmobile 10 during motion of theelectric snowmobile 10. Thebrake 36 may comprise a combination of tractive braking and regenerative braking. In some embodiments, thebrake 36 may be operable as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/091,712 entitled “Braking system for an off-road vehicle”, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Alternatively or in addition, thebrake 36 may be operable as a parking brake, sometimes called “e-brake” or “emergency brake”, of theelectric snowmobile 10 intended to be used when theelectric snowmobile 10 is stationary. In various embodiments, such main and parking brake functions may use separate brakes, or may use acommon brake 36. In some embodiments of tractive braking, thebrake actuator 38 may be lockable when thebrake 36 is applied in order to use thebrake 36 as a parking brake. Thebrake 36 may be electrically or hydraulically operated. For example, thebrake 36 may include a master cylinder operatively coupled to a brake caliper that applies brake pads against a brake rotor that is coupled to thepowertrain 16. In some embodiments, such brake rotor may be secured to and rotatable with thedrive shaft 28. In some embodiments of regenerative braking shown inFIG. 1 , thebrake 36 is electrically connected to thebattery pack 30. Thebrake 36 is aregenerative brake 36, or applies regenerative braking, such that thebrake 36 or components thereof are able to supply thebattery pack 30 with electric energy when thebrake 36 is applied to a component of thepowertrain 16, and/or when the operator releases the input device 34 (e.g., accelerator). - Still referring to
FIGS. 1 and 2 , theelectric motor 26 is in torque-transmitting engagement with thedrive shaft 28 via atransmission 40. Thetransmission 40 may be of a belt/pulley type, a chain/sprocket type, or a shaft/gear type for example. Referring toFIG. 2 , thetransmission 40 is of a belt/pulley type. Thetransmission 40 includes adrive belt 42 that is mounted about amotor output 26A of theelectric motor 26, and is also mounted about adrive track wheel 28A for driving thedrive shaft 28. Thedrive belt 42 therefore extends between themotor output 26A and thedrive track wheel 28A for conveying torque from theelectric motor 26 to thedrive shaft 28. Thedrive shaft 28 provides torque to thedrive track 15. Thedrive belt 42 is thus displaced or driven by themotor output 26A in a linear manner between themotor output 26A and thedrive track wheel 28A, and in a circumferential manner about themotor output 26A and thedrive track wheel 28A. - Referring now to
FIGS. 3-4 , theelectric snowmobile 10 includesfront suspensions 45 connected to theskis 18. Namely, each of thefront suspensions 45 is connected to a respective one of theskis 18. Theframe 12 of theelectric snowmobile 10 extends along a longitudinal axis L between afront end 12A and arear end 12B. Theframe 12 includes a tunnel 60 (which may be similar to tunnel 14), asub-frame 70, and astructure 80. Thesub-frame 70 is disposed forward of thetunnel 60 relative to the longitudinal axis L. Thesub-frame 70 may define a cavity or spacing that is sized for receiving theelectric motor 26. Theelectric motor 26 may be secured (e.g., fastened to the sub-frame 70). Thetunnel 60 at least partially encloses a spacing receiving the drive track 15 (FIG. 1 ). Thesub-frame 70 defines abulkhead 71 that connects thesub-frame 70 to thetunnel 60. Thestructure 80 is disposed over thesub-frame 70. Thestructure 80 may be secured to thetunnel 60, to thesub-frame 70, and to thefront suspensions 45. More specifically, and in the embodiment shown, thestructure 80 is connected to thefront suspension 45 and to thesub-frame 70 at the same one or more locations. For example, one or more brackets may each couple thestructure 80 to thefront suspension 45 and to thesub-frame 70. Alternatively or additionally, thestructure 80, which may includetransverse member 87, is connected to thefront suspension 45 via left and rightfront legs FIG. 8 ), and to thesub-frame 70 viatransverse member 87. Thus, loads are transferred from theskis 18 to thefront suspensions 45 and from thefront suspensions 45 to thestructure 80, and from thestructure 80 to thetunnel 60 andsub-frame 70. - Referring more particularly to
FIG. 4 , thetunnel 60 may be made of sheet metal having a thickness of about 1 to 3 mm, preferably about 1.6 mm. Thetunnel 60 may be made of aluminum, or any other suitable material such as steel, composite (e.g., carbon fiber or fiber glass in epoxy). Thetunnel 60 has atop panel 61 defining a substantially planar surface that faces upwardly in a vertical direction V. The expression “substantially” used in the context of the present disclosure is meant to encompass slight variations caused by manufacturing tolerances. Thetunnel 60 includes twoside panels 62 each extending downwardly fromlongitudinal edges 61A of thetop panel 61. The twoside panels 62 are therefore substantially transverse to thetop panel 61 to partially enclose the spacing sized for receiving thedrive track 15. Thetunnel 60 may be a sheet bended to define thelongitudinal edges 61A located at intersections between thetop panel 61 and the twoside panels 62. Thetunnel 60 includes foot rests 63 (sometimes referred to as “running boards”), namely left and right foot rests each sized for receiving a foot of a user sitting on the straddle seat 22 (FIG. 1 ) of theelectric snowmobile 10. The foot rests 63 may each extend transversally in a transverse direction T from a respective one of the twoside panels 62. In the embodiment shown, the foot rests 63 are secured to bottom edges of the twoside panels 62. The foot rests 63 extend longitudinally relative to the longitudinal axis L from thesub-frame 70 towards therear end 12B of theframe 12. - Still referring to
FIG. 4 , in the embodiment shown, aperipheral beam 64 is secured to thetunnel 60 and extends from arear end 63A of one of the foot rests 63, wraps around a rear portion of thetunnel 60 at therear end 12B of theframe 12 and reaches therear end 63A of the other of the foot rests 63. Theperipheral beam 64 may be secured to the tunnel 50 adjacent the rear ends 63A of the foot rests 63 and at one or more locations along its length. Theperipheral beam 64 may increase a stiffness of thetunnel 60. Theperipheral beam 64 may provide a bumper at therear end 12B of theframe 12. - Referring now to
FIGS. 5-6 , thebattery pack 30 is mounted to theframe 12 and disposed at least partially rearward of theelectric motor 26 relative to the longitudinal axis L. Thebattery pack 30 includes one ormore battery modules 51 operatively connected to theelectric motor 26 for supplying electrical energy to theelectric motor 26. Thebattery pack 30 further includes abattery enclosure 52 containing the one ormore battery modules 51. In the embodiment shown, thebattery pack 30 has afront portion 30A and arear portion 30B located rearward of thefront portion 30A relative to the longitudinal axis L. A width W1 of the front portion relative to the transverse direction T normal to the longitudinal axis L is greater than a width W2 of therear portion 30B. The width W2 of therear portion 30B may generally correspond to the width of thestraddle seat 22 disposed above therear portion 30B, allowing an operator to straddle therear portion 30B and access the foot rests 63. Thestructure 80 is designed to accommodate thisbattery pack 30. More details about thestructure 80 are presented herein below. Therear portion 30B of thebattery pack 30 is disposed above thetunnel 60. More specifically, therear portion 30B of thebattery pack 30 is secured (e.g., glued, fastened) to thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60. - The
battery enclosure 52 includes acover 53 and abottom panel 54. Thecover 53 may be removably secured to thebottom panel 54. In other words, thecover 53 may be removed from thebottom panel 54 to access thebattery modules 51 and/or other components of thebattery pack 30 for maintenance purposes. Thebattery pack 30 may be secured to thetunnel 60 via thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52. In a further embodiment, thebattery pack 30 may be secured to thetunnel 60 via a combination of thebottom panel 54 and thecover 53 of thebattery enclosure 52. Thebattery modules 51 may be supported by thebottom panel 54 and secured thereto using any suitable techniques. - One of the functions of the
tunnel 60 is to support the straddle seat 22 (FIG. 1 ) and the user sitting on thestraddle seat 22. Another function of thetunnel 60 is to transmit loads imparted to theelectric snowmobile 10 via thedrive track 15. These loads may include, for instance, acceleration and deceleration forces and moments about the longitudinal axis L. To resist the moments imparted to thetunnel 60, thetunnel 60 requires a suitable torsional stiffness. The torsional stiffness in the context of the present disclosure corresponds to the resistance of thetunnel 60 against deformation when subjected to a torque defined about the longitudinal axis L. - In the embodiment shown, the torsional stiffness of the
tunnel 60 may be increased by thebattery pack 30. More specifically, thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52 is secured to thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60 in a manner such that a torsional stiffness of thetunnel 60 is increased by thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52. Stated differently, thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52 is secured to thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60 at a plurality of securing locations 65 (seeFIG. 4 ). Therefore, thebottom panel 54 and thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60 define a structurally integrated double walled panel. - Referring to
FIGS. 4 and 7A-7B , in the embodiment shown, the securinglocations 65 are distributed in two rows each extending longitudinally relative to the longitudinal axis L and disposed adjacent a respective one of the twolongitudinal edges 61A of thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60. The securinglocations 65 of each rows may be separated from one another by between 130-170 mm, and in some embodiments by about 150 mm. Other separations of the securinglocations 65 are also contemplated. These two rows of the securinglocations 65 are disposed along opposedlongitudinal edges 54A of thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52. Stated differently, thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60 and thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52 are secured to one another along respective portions of their perimeters. At each of those securinglocations 65, thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52 is clamped to thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60.Longitudinal edges 61A of thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60 may be substantially aligned or flush with thelongitudinal edges 54A of thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52. Alternatively, thelongitudinal edge 54A of thebottom panel 54 may be located laterally inwardly from thelongitudinal edges 61A of thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60. - Referring to
FIG. 7A , in the present embodiment, thecover 53 is secured to thebottom panel 54 at a plurality offirst securing locations 49 that are spaced apart from one another by between 130-170 mm, and in some embodiments by about 150 mm. Referring toFIG. 7B , thebottom panel 54 is secured to thetunnel 60 at a plurality ofsecond securing locations 65 that are spaced apart from one another by between 130-170 mm, and in some embodiments by about 150 mm. Thefirst securing locations 49 of thecover 53 to thebottom panel 54 are interspaced between thesecond securing locations 65 of thebottom panel 54 to thetunnel 60. Hence, in an embodiment, a first securinglocation 49 between thecover 53 and thebottom panel 54 is spaced apart from a second securinglocation 65 between thebottom panel 54 and thetunnel 60 by about mm. - Referring now to
FIG. 7A , a cross-sectional view illustrating a securing arrangement between thecover 53 and thebottom panel 54 at a first securinglocation 49 is shown. In the embodiment shown, alayer 56 of damping material, such as foam, is disposed between thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60 and thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52 to dampen vibrations. Also, aseal 55, such as a gasket made of elastomeric material, may be disposed between thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52 and aflange 53A of thecover 53 of thebattery enclosure 52. Thisseal 55 may be used to protect thebattery modules 52 contained in thebattery enclosure 52 from snow, water, and other debris. - In the present embodiment, the
cover 53 is secured to thebottom panel 54 at thefirst securing locations 49 spaced apart from one another by between 130-170 mm, and in some embodiments by about 150 mm. Threaded inserts (e.g., standoffs/clinch nuts) are secured to thebottom panel 54 at the first securing locations. Thus, threadedholes 54B may be defined by the threaded inserts. Bolts may then be inserted through registeringapertures flange 53A of thecover 53 and through theseal 55 until it threadingly engages the threadedholes 54B. The bolt has a head abutting theflange 53A to secure theflange 53A to thebottom panel 54. A washer may be used in some configurations. - Referring now to
FIG. 7B , a cross-sectional view illustrating a securing arrangement between thebottom panel 54 and thetunnel 60 at a second securing location is shown. Registeringapertures flange 53A, the seal thebottom panel 54, thelayer 56, and thetop panel 61 to receive a fastener for securing thebattery enclosure 52 to thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60. This fastener may include a rivet-nut secured to thetop panel 61 and defining inner threads. A bolt 66 (FIG. 4 ) may be threadingly engaged to the inner threads of the rivet-nut and received through the registeringapertures bottom panel 54 to clamp thebottom panel 54, thelayer 56, and thetop panel 61 together. Washers may be used in some configurations. - As shown in
FIG. 7B , a diameter of theapertures flange 53A of thecover 53 and through theseal 55 may be greater than that of theapertures bottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52 and through thelayer 56. The diameter of theseapertures flange 53A of thecover 53 and through theseal 55 is selected to be greater than a diameter of a nut used to threadingly engage the bolt 66. Thus, at the second securing locations, only thebottom panel 54 is clamped to thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60 and no clamping force is exerted on thecover 53 at the second securing locations. This may allow for removal of thecover 53 from thebottom panel 54, without detaching thebottom panel 54 from thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60. Alternatively, thecover 53 may be clamped to thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60 at a plurality of securing locations. In other words, in an alternate embodiment, at each of the securinglocations flange 53A, theseal 55, thebottom panel 54, thelayer 56, and thetop panel 61 may be clamped together. - These fasteners at the
second securing locations 65 may allow the removal of thebottom panel 54 from thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60. Stated differently, thewhole battery enclosure 52 may be removable from thetunnel 60. Theseal 55 and/or thelayer 56 of damping material may be avoided in some embodiments. - Still referring to
FIGS. 7A-7B , thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60 has a first thickness T1 and thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52 has a second thickness T2. A ratio of the first thickness T1 to the second thickness (T1/T2) may range from 1 to 1.5. In the present embodiment, an effective thickness of thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60 may correspond to the first thickness T1 of thetop panel 61 plus the second thickness T2 of thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52. Herein, the expression effective thickness means that structural properties of thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60 may be increased by thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52. In other words, the torsional stiffness of thetunnel 60 may be increased by thebottom panel 54 such that the torsional stiffness of thetunnel 60 combined with thebottom panel 54 is substantially equal to what the torsional stiffness of thetunnel 60 would be if thetop panel 61 had a thickness increased by the second thickness T2 of thebottom panel 54. Thetop panel 61 and thebottom panel 54 are substantially parallel to one another. When connected, thetop panel 61 and thebottom panel 54 may compress the layer of dampingmaterial 56 such that there is no visible gap between thetop panel 61 and thebottom panel 54. - Moreover, having the
longitudinal edges 54A of thebottom panel 54 being substantially aligned or flush with thelongitudinal edges 61A of thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60 may allow to maximize a distance D1 (FIG. 4 ) in the transverse direction T between the two rows of the securinglocations 65. In turn, this may increase an effective width of a combination of thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60 and thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52. This increase in the effective width may increase the torsional stiffness of the combination of thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52 and thetop panel 61 of the tunnel. Those securinglocations 65 may therefore be as close as possible to thelongitudinal edges bottom panel 54 and thetop panel 61. Moreover, having thetop panel 61 and thebottom panel 54 close to one another may allow a reduction of the thickness of the sheet metal of thetunnel 60, which may provide significant weight savings. In one embodiment, the thickness of the top panel may be reduced by approximately 0.4 mm, which may provide about 2 kilograms of weight savings. - The
bottom panel 54 and thetunnel 60 may be made of the same material, such as aluminum. Alternatively, they may be made from two different materials (e.g., steel and aluminum). In some embodiments, composite materials may be used. - In the depicted embodiment, the
top panel 61 of thetunnel 60 is free of contact with thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52. A spacing or gap between thetunnel 60 and thebottom panel 54 may be sized to receive thelayer 56 of damping material. A third thickness T3 of thislayer 56, which substantially corresponds to a dimension of the spacing or distance between thetunnel 60 and thebottom panel 54, may be about from 1.5 mm to 2 mm. The third thickness T3 corresponds to a distance between thetunnel 60 and thebottom panel 54. Thelayer 56 may be compressed when thebottom panel 54 is fastened to thetunnel 60. The gap between thetunnel 60 and thebottom panel 54 may increase the effective torsional and/or bending stiffness of thetunnel 60. For example, spacing thebottom panel 54 and thetop panel 61 apart from one another may improve stiffness similar to an I-beam. This may for allow a reduced thickness of the material of thetunnel 60, thereby saving weight. - In some other embodiments, the
layer 56 may be removed and thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60 may be in contact against thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52. In some cases, thebottom panel 54 may be glued to thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60. - A number of the
second securing locations 65 between thebottom panel 54 of thebattery enclosure 52 and thetop panel 61 of thetunnel 60 is selected to increase a clamping surface area between these two panels. The greater the clamping surface area, the greater the loads transferred between the two panels. - Referring now to
FIGS. 8-9 , thestructure 80 is described in greater details. Thestructure 80 may be made with tubular members, which may be made of a first material, such as steel, or other suitable materials. The use of steel may improve the strength of the tubular members as compared to other materials, for example. In the embodiment shown, thestructure 80 includes left and rightprimary members front legs rear legs primary member 81 defines the leftfront leg 81A and the leftright leg 81B, the rightprimary member 82 defines the rightfront leg 82A and the rightrear leg 82B. In an alternative embodiment, the leftfront leg 81A, leftrear leg 81B, rightfront leg 82A and rightrear leg 82B may each be separate components joined together at a bracingmember 86. In the embodiment shown, thestructure 80 includestransverse member 87 that extends substantially transversally to the longitudinal axis L from aleft end 87A to aright end 87B. Each of the fourlegs structure 80 is secured to thetunnel 60 andsub-frame 70. More specifically, the leftfront leg 81A defines a leftfront end 81C secured to one of the front suspensions 45 (FIG. 4 ), the leftrear leg 81B defines a leftrear end 81D secured to thetunnel 60, the rightfront leg 82A defines a rightfront end 82C secured to the other of thefront suspensions 45, and the rightrear leg 82B defines a rightrear end 82D secured to thetunnel 60. Moreover, atransverse member 87 is secured to the left and rightprimary members transverse member 87 is further secured to thesub-frame 70 and is used to secure thestructure 80 to thesub-frame 70. - In the embodiment shown, a left
rear bracket 83 is secured to the leftrear end 81D of the leftrear leg 81B. Similarly, a rightrear bracket 84 is secured to the rightrear end 82D of the rightrear leg 82B. The left and rightrear brackets rear brackets rear brackets primary members structure 80 when compared to a structure made of a uniform material, for example. - The left and right
rear brackets side panels 62 of thetunnel 60. In some embodiments, thealuminum brackets member 86 may be a forged component, providing increased strength to take on greater loads from the steering column than casted components. In other embodiments, all ofbrackets member 86 may be either casted or forged. - Referring to
FIG. 10 , a cross-sectional view of one of the left and rightrear legs rear brackets rear brackets rear legs rear brackets rear legs structure 80 to a heat treatment. This may further reduce costs. The attachment between the brackets and the members may be free of a braze joint and weld joint. - Referring back to
FIGS. 8-9 , in the depicted embodiment, the leftprimary member 81 extends upwardly in the vertical direction V from the leftfront end 81C to aleft apex 81E, downwardly from theleft apex 81E to aleft elbow 81F, and downwardly from theleft elbow 81F to the leftrear end 81D. Similarly, the rightprimary member 82 extends upwardly in the vertical direction V from the rightfront end 82C to aright apex 82E, downwardly from theright apex 82E to aright elbow 82F, and downwardly from theright elbow 82F to the rightrear end 82D. A distance in the transverse direction T between the left and rightprimary members right apexes right elbows right elbows FIG. 5 ) of therear portion 30B (FIG. 5 ) of thebattery pack 30 to receive therear portion 30B of thebattery pack 30 between the left and rightrear legs - In the present embodiment, the left
primary member 81 is secured to the rightprimary member 82 via bracingmember 86. The bracingmember 86 may be made of the second material, which may be aluminum, and secured to the left and rightprimary members FIG. 10 . Herein, the bracingmember 86 is located proximate the left andright apexes right apexes - Referring to
FIG. 6 , a third distance D3 along the vertical direction V between the left andright elbows top panel 61 of thetunnel 60 is greater than a height H of thebattery pack 30 taken along the vertical direction V. This may allow thestructure 80 to fit over thebattery pack 30, by accommodating its width W2 and its height H. In the present embodiment, the left andright elbows front portion 30A and therear portion 30B of thebattery pack 30. - As shown in
FIGS. 8-9 , thestructure 80 includes atransverse member 87 that extends substantially transversally to the longitudinal axis L from aleft end 87A to aright end 87B. Thetransverse member 87 is secured to both of the left and rightprimary members members members primary members rear legs transverse member 87. The connectingmembers - The
left end 87A of thetransverse member 87 is secured to one of the foot rests 63 and theright end 87B of thetransverse member 87 is secured to the other of the foot rests 63. Thus, the two foot rests 63 may be secured to one another via thetransverse member 87. As illustrated inFIG. 8 , the left and right ends 87A, 87B of thetransverse member 87 are secured proximate front ends of the foot rests 63 proximate to thesub-frame 70 and to or proximate outer edges of the foot rests 63. Stated differently, securing locations between the first and second ends 87A, 87B of thetransverse member 87 and the foot rests 63 are separated from (e.g., disposed as far as possible from) thetunnel 60 thereby increasing a distance between those securing locations. In turn, this may provide an increase stiffness to the foot rests 63. More specifically, the foot rests 63 are substantially cantilevered from theside panels 62 of the tunnel and, thus, may be subjected to flexion about the longitudinal axis L. Securing both foot rests 63 to thetransverse member 87 may reduce this flexion, thereby increasing a perceived stiffness of the foot rests 63 to the user. Moreover, the attachment of the foot rests 63 to thetransverse member 87 may create a load path that extends from thetunnel 60, along the foot rests 63, to thetransverse member 87, to thestructure 80, and to thefront suspensions 45. Theelectric snowmobile 10 may thus be better at handling the loads imparted to it during use because of thistransverse member 87. - Securing the first and second ends 87A, 87B of the
transverse member 87 to the foot rests 63 may provide room for thefront portion 30A of thebattery pack 30. As noted above, the width W1 of thefront portion 30A of the battery back 30 may be greater than the width W2 of therear portion 30B, and therefore extending thetransverse member 87 beyond the width of thetunnel 60 may provide additional room to accommodate thefront portion 30A within thestructure 80. - As shown in
FIG. 9 , a secondaryleft member 90 and a secondaryright member 91 are used to secure aleft leg 87C of thetransverse member 87 to the leftrear leg 81B of the leftprimary member 81 and to secure aright leg 87D of thetransverse member 87 to the rightrear leg 82B of the rightprimary member 82. The secondary left andright members structure 80 and, more particularly, may increase a stiffness of thetransverse member 87. Connecting members made of the second material, such as aluminum, may be used to secure the secondary left andright members primary members FIG. 8 , the left andright members sub-frame 70. The connection between thesub-frame 70 and the left andright legs structure 80 by loads received by the foot rests 63 during riding. - The
structure 80, including the left and rightprimary members transverse members 87, thebrackets members member 86, and the left and rightsecondary members structure 80 may be secured to theframe 12 at six different locations, each corresponding to a respective one of theends structure 80 may be secured to thetunnel 60 and thesub-frame 70 as a whole single unit lowered down over thebattery pack 30. - In some embodiments, fasteners such as bolts may be used to connect the structure to the
tunnel 60 and thesub-frame 70. For example, each of theends front suspensions 45 to connect to thefront suspensions 45. The threaded holes may extend axially into the left and rightprimary members ends ends transverse member 87 at a respective one of theends rear brackets tunnel 60 using fasteners. - Referring now to
FIG. 11 , in the present embodiment, thestructure 80 includesshear plates 92 each disposed on a respective side of thestructure 80. Theshear plates 92 connect thetransverse member 87 to thesub-frame 70. Theshear plates 92 are secured to the left andright legs transverse member 87. Theshear plates 92 may limit a deflection of the left andright legs transverse member 87 along the longitudinal axis L. Each of theshear plates 92 may be secured to a respective one of the left andright legs transverse member 87 at three securing locations distributed vertically along a length of the left andright legs shear plates 92 may be secured to the sub-frame along perimeters of theshear plates 92. - In the present embodiment, the
structure 80 may be removed from thesub-frame 70 and thetunnel 60 to access thebattery pack 30. This may be useful if a replacement or repair of thebattery pack 30 is required. To assemble theelectric snowmobile 10, thebattery pack 30 may be disposed over thetunnel 60 and thesub-frame 70. Then, thestructure 80 may be lowered vertically over thebattery pack 30 and be secured to thetunnel 60 andsub-frame 70. As explained above, the two elbows of thestructure 80 are sufficiently spaced apart and elevated to accommodate thebattery pack 30. - Still referring to
FIG. 11 , in the embodiment shown, thesteering column 19 defines a bend or elbow 19A to accommodate thefront portion 30A of thebattery pack 30. This may allow to increase a size of thebattery pack 30 without interference with thesteering column 19. - Referring now to
FIG. 12 , an alternate embodiment of the structure is shown at 180. For the sake of conciseness, only features differing from thestructure 80 described above are described below. - The
structure 180 includes the left and rightprimary members legs primary members transverse members - Referring now to
FIG. 13 , an alternate embodiment of the structure is shown at 280. For the sake of conciseness, only features differing from thestructure 80 described above are described below. - The
structure 280 includes the left and rightprimary members legs primary members structure 280. In other words, the left and rightprimary members primary members transverse members transverse members - Referring now to
FIG. 14 , an alternate embodiment of the structure is shown at 380. For the sake of conciseness, only features differing from thestructure 80 described above are described below. - The
structure 380 includes the twoprimary members legs primary members primary members apexes plate 383. The twoprimary members transverse members 384 extending generally transversally to the longitudinal axis L. - In some embodiments, two or more members of the
structures - Referring now to
FIGS. 15-18 , an embodiment of a heat exchanger is shown at 102. Theheat exchanger 102 is herein mounted to thebulkhead 71 of thesub-frame 70. Theheat exchanger 102 may be removable from thebulkhead 71. Theheat exchanger 102 faces the spacing that is defined by thetunnel 60 and that receives the drive track 15 (FIG. 1 ). Theheat exchanger 102 may thus be exposed to snow and cold air circulating around thedrive track 15. Theheat exchanger 102 covers a major portion of a surface of thebulkhead 71 exposed to the spacing. In the embodiment shown, theheat exchanger 102 covers more than 50%, and optionally as much as 90% of the surface of thebulkhead 71 exposed to the spacing. - Referring more particularly to
FIGS. 17-18 , theheat exchanger 102 includes two plates namely afirst plate 103 and asecond plate 104 mounted to thefirst plate 103. Thefirst plate 103 is mounted to thebulkhead 71. Thefirst plate 103 may contact thebulkhead 71. Thebulkhead 71 may include a cut-out portion at a location where theheat exchanger 102 is positioned. As such, thefirst plate 103 is mounted to thebulkhead 71 along its periphery such that thefirst plate 103 forms the surface of thebulkhead 71 that faces themotor 26. Thesecond plate 104 is secured to thefirst plate 103 and may be sealingly engaged to thefirst plate 103. Thesecond plate 104 is exposed to the spacing receiving thedrive track 15. Thesecond plate 104 is embossed to define one ormore channels 105 for flowing the liquid coolant of the cooling system 100 (FIG. 1 ). The one ormore channels 105 is thus defined between thefirst plate 103 and thesecond plate 104. The one ormore channels 105 is in fluid flow communication with aninlet 1021 of theexchanger 102 and with anoutlet 1020 of theheat exchanger 102. Theinlet 1021 and theoutlet 1020 of theheat exchanger 102 are in fluid flow communication with the liquid coolant circuit 101 (FIG. 1 ) of theelectric snowmobile 10. - In use, the liquid coolant flows through the different components (e.g.,
electric motor 26, battery pack 30) to pick up heat from said components. The liquid coolant then flows through the one ormore channels 105 of theheat exchanger 102 via theinlet 1021 andoutlet 1020. Heat of the liquid coolant may be transferred to ambient air via the one ormore channels 105, via internal convection within the one ormore channels 105, conduction through thesecond plate 104, and external convection with the ambient air. - As better illustrated in
FIG. 15 , the first andsecond plates heat exchanger 102 are secured to thebulkhead 71 at a plurality oflocations 106 distributed around perimeters of the first andsecond plates heat exchanger 102 may therefore increase a stiffness of thebulkhead 71. The first andsecond plates - The disclosed
frame 12 andstructure 80 of theelectric snowmobile 10 may provide the necessary stiffness and may be lighter than existing snowmobile configurations. It may be more cost efficient and easier to manufacture. The stiffness in torsion of thetunnel 60 may be improved by thebattery pack 30, and more particularly by thebottom panel 54 of saidbattery pack 30. Thestructure 80 may be adequately sized to accommodate thebattery pack 30 while providing the required stiffness. - In the context of the present disclosure, the expression “about” includes variations of plus or minus 10%.
- The embodiments described in this document provide non-limiting examples of possible implementations of the present technology. Upon review of the present disclosure, a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that changes may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of the present technology. Yet further modifications could be implemented by a person of ordinary skill in the art in view of the present disclosure, which modifications would be within the scope of the present technology.
Claims (24)
1. An electric snowmobile, comprising:
a frame extending along a longitudinal axis between a front end and a rear end of the frame, the frame including a tunnel at least partially enclosing a spacing receiving a drive track, a sub-frame disposed forward of the tunnel relative to the longitudinal axis, the sub-frame supporting a front suspension;
an electric motor mounted to the frame;
a battery pack mounted over the tunnel and at least partially disposed rearward of the electric motor relative to the longitudinal axis, the battery pack having a front portion and a rear portion, a width of the front portion relative to a transverse direction normal to the longitudinal axis being greater than a width of the rear portion; and
a structure disposed over the sub-frame and over the front portion of the battery pack, the structure defining at least four legs ending at four ends, the at least four legs including two front legs secured to the front suspensions and two rear legs secured to the tunnel, each of the two rear legs defining a respective one of two elbows and a respective one of two rear ends of the four ends, the two elbows located above the two rear ends, a distance along the transverse direction between the two elbows being greater than the width of the rear portion of the battery pack to receive the rear portion between the two rear legs.
2. The electric snowmobile of claim 1 , wherein a distance along a vertical direction being normal the transverse direction between the two elbows and a top wall of the tunnel is greater than a height of the battery pack taken along the vertical direction.
3. The electric snowmobile of claim 1 , wherein the two elbows are located at an intersection between the front portion and the rear portion of the battery pack.
4. The electric snowmobile of claim 1 , wherein the at least four legs are defined by two members each extending upwardly from a front end to an apex and downwardly from the apex to a respective one of the two rear ends.
5. The electric snowmobile of claim 4 , wherein the two members are secured to one another proximate the apexes.
6. The electric snowmobile of claim 5 , wherein the structure includes a bracing member connecting the two members.
7. The electric snowmobile of claim 1 , wherein the structure includes a transverse member extending substantially transversally to the longitudinal axis from a left end to a right end, the transverse member secured to the two rear legs.
8. The electric snowmobile of claim 7 , comprising a left foot rest secured to a left side of the tunnel and a right foot rest secured to a right side of the tunnel, the left foot rest and the right foot rest extending along the longitudinal axis from the sub-frame towards the rear end of the frame, the left end of the transverse member secured to the left foot rest proximate the sub-frame, the right end of the transverse member secured to the right foot rest proximate the sub-frame.
9. The electric snowmobile of claim 7 , wherein the transverse member is secured to two rear legs via connecting members.
10. The electric snowmobile of claim 7 , comprising a left shear plate connecting the transverse member to the sub-frame and a right shear plate connecting the transverse member to the sub-frame.
11. An electric snowmobile, comprising:
a frame extending along a longitudinal axis between a front end and a rear end of the frame, the frame including a tunnel at least partially enclosing a spacing receiving a drive track, and a sub-frame disposed forward of the tunnel relative to the longitudinal axis, the sub-frame supporting a front suspension;
an electric motor mounted to the frame; and
a structure disposed over the sub-frame, the structure including members interconnected to one another, the members made of a first material, a bracket secured to an end of a member of the members via an adhesive, the bracket secured to the tunnel, the bracket made of a second material different than the first material.
12. The electric snowmobile of claim 11 , wherein the first material is steel and the second material is aluminum.
13. The electric snowmobile of claim 11 , wherein the adhesive is one or more of an epoxy and an acrylic.
14. The electric snowmobile of claim 11 , wherein the structure defines two fore ends and two rear ends, the bracket including two brackets each secured to a respective one of the two rear ends, the two brackets secured to the tunnel.
15. The electric snowmobile of claim 11 , wherein the structure defines two fore ends each secured to a respective one of a right suspension and a left suspension of the front suspension.
16. The electric snowmobile of claim 11 , wherein the members include a left member extending upwardly from a front left end to a left apex and from the left apex downwardly to a rear left end, a right member extending upwardly from a front right end to a right apex and downwardly from the right apex to a rear right end.
17. The electric snowmobile of claim 16 , wherein the right member is secured to the left member proximate the left apex and the right apex.
18. The electric snowmobile of claim 16 , wherein the structure includes a bracing member connecting the left member to the right member, the bracing member secured to the left member proximate or at the left apex and secured to the right member proximate or at the right apex.
19. The electric snowmobile of claim 16 , wherein the structure includes a transverse member extending substantially transversally to the longitudinal axis from a left end to a right end, the transverse member secured to the left member and to the right member.
20. The electric snowmobile of claim 19 , comprising a left foot rest secured to a left side of the tunnel and a right foot rest secured to a right side of the tunnel, the left foot rest and the right foot rest extending along the longitudinal axis from the sub-frame towards the rear end of the frame, the left end of the transverse member secured to the left foot rest proximate the sub-frame, the right end of the transverse member secured to the right foot rest proximate the sub-frame.
21. The electric snowmobile of claim 19 , wherein the transverse member is secured to the left member and to the right member via left and right connecting members made of the second material, the left and right connecting members secured to the transverse member and to the left and right members via the adhesive.
22. The electric snowmobile of claim 19 , wherein the left member defines a left elbow and the right member defines a right elbow, the transverse member secured to the left member proximate or at the left elbow and secured to the right member proximate or at the right elbow.
23. The electric snowmobile of claim 19 , comprising a left shear plate connecting the transverse member to the sub-frame and a right shear plate connecting the transverse member to the sub-frame.
24. A structure for an electric snowmobile having a battery pack having a front portion and a rear portion, a width of the front portion relative to a transverse direction normal to a longitudinal axis of the electric snowmobile being greater than a width of the rear portion, the structure comprising:
two front legs to secure to front suspensions of the electric snowmobile; and
two rear legs to secure to a tunnel of the electric snowmobile, each of the two rear legs defining a respective one of two elbows and a respective one of two rear ends, the two elbows located above the two rear ends, a distance along the transverse direction between the two elbows being greater than a width of the rear portion of the battery pack to receive the rear portion between the two rear legs.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US18/221,492 US20240017793A1 (en) | 2022-07-18 | 2023-07-13 | Electric snowmobile architecture |
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US202263368679P | 2022-07-18 | 2022-07-18 | |
US202263370969P | 2022-08-10 | 2022-08-10 | |
US18/221,492 US20240017793A1 (en) | 2022-07-18 | 2023-07-13 | Electric snowmobile architecture |
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US20240017793A1 true US20240017793A1 (en) | 2024-01-18 |
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US18/221,511 Pending US20240017794A1 (en) | 2022-07-18 | 2023-07-13 | Seat attachment for electric recreational vehicle |
US18/221,492 Pending US20240017793A1 (en) | 2022-07-18 | 2023-07-13 | Electric snowmobile architecture |
Family Applications Before (1)
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US18/221,511 Pending US20240017794A1 (en) | 2022-07-18 | 2023-07-13 | Seat attachment for electric recreational vehicle |
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US (2) | US20240017794A1 (en) |
CA (2) | CA3207077A1 (en) |
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2023
- 2023-07-13 US US18/221,511 patent/US20240017794A1/en active Pending
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- 2023-07-13 CA CA3207077A patent/CA3207077A1/en active Pending
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