US2023513A

US2023513A - Piston construction for internal combustion engines

Info

Publication number: US2023513A
Application number: US723871A
Authority: US
Inventors: John T Brubaker
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1934-05-04
Filing date: 1934-05-04
Publication date: 1935-12-10
Anticipated expiration: 1952-12-10

Description

Deco 10, $35. J. T. BRUBAKER 2,923,513

PISTON CONSTRUCTION FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed May 4, 1954 INVENTOR. 7&4, m. M

ATTORNEY.

Patented Dec. 10, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE PISTON CONSTRUCTION FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 10 Claims.

My invention relates to the art of internal oombustion engines, or the like, and particularly refers to the piston and cylinder construction. It has for its object to provide means for maintaining an operating close contact between the piston or plunger and the cylinder wall, adjusting means therefor, bearing mechanism connecting the engine pitman with the piston, and certain other features as hereinafter described.

Ordinarily the conventional split resilient packing rings usually employed are mounted upon and move with the piston, in reciprocation within the cylinder, Due to wear such rings deteriorate, lose their resiliency, and require replacement from time to time. In my present invention the piston is merely cylindrical, without the ordinary resiliently expanding split rings, and the compensation for wear is effected by means in the form of a piston-embracing split ring or sleeve, mounted for cooperation with the piston, and supplemental means whereby the same may be adjusted from time to time to compensate for resulting wear.

Such means provide for expanding the compensating sleeve by slight but effective regulated movement to maintain it in sufiiciently tight engagement with the piston at all times. The presentapplication operates on the same general principle as that of my prior application filed April 14, 1934, Serial No. 720,610, in which the compensating bearing element is mounted in the cylinder.

One preferred construction is shown in the accompanying drawing, in which:

Fig. l is a transverse sectional View on the line II of Fi 2;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view on the line II-II of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a perspective detail view of the piston head, with its compensating sleeve removed.

The engine, of single or multiple cylinder construction, is provided with the main cylinder casing 2 suitably mounted on or incorporated with a base of suitable design, and provided with the usual several accompanying parts and cooperating elements, not shown. Within the cylinder is a split shell, sleeve, or ring 3, the inner face 4 of which is tapered and in embracing engagement with the correspondingly tapered outer face of the hollow piston or plunger shell extension 5, connected by the usual pitman 6 with the crank of the main shaft, by cross pin to.

Sleeve 3 is divided longitudinally as at l, and is provided with inwardly extending abutments 8 having inwardly slotted bolt-engaging openings 9, preferably at opposite sides.

Plunger 5 is of the full working diameter at the top, by its head Ill, presenting an upper area for actuating pressure of the fuel element. Be- 5 low the head It the diameter of the piston is suficiently reduced to provide the downwardly tapering cylindrical wall 5, for engagement with the compensating sleeve 3.

Sleeve 3 is designed to fit snugly within the :0 interior of the cylinder 2, and to be adjusted toward the head Ill from time to time by means of temper screws or bolts H having threaded engagement at l2 in head Ill. The lower ends of the bolts are provided with heads l3 and I4 15 at each side of the bolt shank, engaging slotted openings 9. At their upper ends the bolts are provided with a cross slot l5 for engagement by a screw driver inserted through the registering openings closed by the plugs l6.

Sufficient clearance IT is provided between the upper terminal of sleeve 3 and the lower portion of head it) to allow for ample compensating sleeve movement and adjustment as required.

The sleeve 3 extends downwardly for the de- 25 sired necessary length for full bearing contact with the cylinder, and is provided with any desired design of alternating overlapping or interengaging tongue and recess joint construction through its length, as at [8. The plunger 5 is 30 provided at opposite sides with the pin openings l9 and at right angles thereto with clearance openings 20, providing for inward extension of the bolt engaging abutments 8.

As thus constructed it will be observed that, 35 depending on the degree of slope or inclination of the contacting faces of the sleeve and piston, the sleeve may be very accurately adjusted toward the piston head, and correspondingly expanded, due to the wedging action of the tapered 40 faces.

It will be observed also that, for reducing the weight of the piston 5, its wall may be variously perforated, as at 35 in Fig. 3. Grooves 36 are also provided arranged longitudinally at intervals on the exterior, for splash lubrication between the contacting faces of the piston and. sleeve, and the cylinder wall.

With the construction above described the lateral expansion or enlargement of the elastic sleeve or ring is performed by the very simple expedient of utlizing pressure and wedging action, by simple and accurate means capable of very slight, gradual and accurate application. The construction is comparatively simple, cheap and effective, and capable of satisfactory and serviceable use under the conditions of internal combustion engine practice.

What I claim is:

1. A piston for an internal combustion engine as described having a head and an annularly reduced tapered outer wedging face on the piston wall, an expansible one piece longitudinally divided sleeve surrounding said wedging face, the sleeve having portions extending inwardly through the piston wall, and means within the piston engaging said portions for adjusting the sleeve on the piston and adapting it to be moved longitudinally on its wedging face.

2. A hollow piston for an internal combustion engine as described having a cylinder engaging head and an annularly reduced tapered outer wedging face, a longitudinally divided one piece expansible sleeve having an inner conformably tapered piston-engaging face and alternating overlapping interengaging division edges, sleeve lugs extending inwardly through openings in the piston. wall, and means engaging the piston and said lugs for moving the sleeve longitudinally of the piston.

3. A piston for an internal combustion engine as described having a cylinder engaging head and an annularly reduced tapered. outer wedging face, a longitudinally divided one piece expansible sleeve having an inner conformably tapered piston-engaging face and alternating overlapping interengaging division edges, sleeve lugs extending inwardly through openings in the piston wall, and adjusting bolts swivelly engaging the sleeve lugs and in threaded connection with the piston head.

4. A piston for an internal combustion engine as described having a cylinder engaging head and an annularly reduced tapered outer wedging face, a-longitudinally divided one piece expansible sleeve having an inner conformably tapered piston-engaging face and alternating overlapping interengaging division edges, and adjusting bolts swivelly engaging the sleeve in threaded connection with the piston head and provided with rotatable terminals adapted to be actuated by an implementfrom the outer end of the piston.

5. In a piston for internal combustion engines, the combination of a main piston head having an inner hollow annularly reduced tapered wedging face shell extension provided with opposite clearance openings, a longitudinally divided one piece expansible sleeve having an inner conformably tapered piston extension-engaging face and lugs extending inwardly through said openings, and adjusting bolts for the sleeve engaging said lugs and in threaded engagement with the piston head.

6. In a piston for internal combustion engines, the combination of a main piston head having an inner hollow annularly reduced tapered wedging face shell extension provided with opposite clearance openings, a longitudinally divided one piece expansible sleeve having an inner conformably tapered piston extension-engaging face and lugs extending inwardly through said openings, and adjusting bolts for the sleeve engaging said lugs and in threaded engagement with the piston head having outer terminals adapted to be engaged by a rotatable implement.

7 In a piston for internal combustion engines, the combination of a main piston head having longitudinal threaded openings and an inner hollow annularly reduced tapered shell extension provided with opposite clearance openings, a longitudinally divided one piece expansible sleeve having an inner conformably tapered piston extension-engaging face and slotted abutments extending through said openings, and adjusting bolts for the sleeve having shoulders engaging said abutments and actuating terminals engaging the threaded openings in the piston head.

8. In a piston for internal combustion engines, the combination of a. main piston head having longitudinal threaded openings and an inner hollow annularly reduced tapered shell extension provided with opposite clearance openings, a longitudinally divided one piece expansible sleeve having its meeting edges provided with alternating series of interengaging tongues and recesses, said sleeve being provided with an inner conformably tapered piston extension-engaging face i and slotted abutments extending through said openings, and adjusting bolts for the sleeve having shoulders engaging said abutments and actuating terminals engaging the threaded openings in the piston head.

9. A piston head having an outer terminal cylinder-engaging impact portion and an inner hollow annularly reduced tapered wedging face shell extension provided with transverse clearance openings and adapted to provide a supporting and adjusting surface for a relatively movable packing sleeve, a cylindrical longitudinally divided sleeve thereon having an inner conformably tapered piston-engaging face and adjusting lugs extending through said openings, and adjusting if means engaging said lugs.

10. A piston head having an outer terminal cylinder-engaging impact portion and an inner hollow annularly reduced tapered wedging face shell extension provided with transverse clearance JOHN T. BRUBAKER.