US2023446A - Signaling - Google Patents

Signaling Download PDF

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Publication number
US2023446A
US2023446A US435044A US43504430A US2023446A US 2023446 A US2023446 A US 2023446A US 435044 A US435044 A US 435044A US 43504430 A US43504430 A US 43504430A US 2023446 A US2023446 A US 2023446A
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Prior art keywords
impulses
strip
impulse
perforated
signal
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Expired - Lifetime
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US435044A
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English (en)
Inventor
Schroeter Fritz
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Telefunken AG
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Telefunken AG
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/08—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by repeating transmission, e.g. Verdan system

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with highspeed telegraph apparatus adapted particularly for short-wave transmission work and which operates with several repetitions and accumulation of the signal impulses at the receiving end, with the end in view of neutralizing fading actions and atmospheric disturbances in reception.
  • the present disclosure allows of the accumula-: tion and summation or integration of the recorded incoming signals or impulses by mechanical means operating, for instance, according to the principles underlying the telegraphone; or, by
  • the invention therefore provides a retarding device which is rendered operative by the brief incoming impulses of current and which, as a result, extends the duration and therefore the impressed magnetizing length or the time of energization of the switch, ratchet electromagnet or the perforator clectromagnets.
  • retarding means of well-known kind, or similar means known in the prior art.
  • Figs. 1 to 3 One exemplification is illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3 as applied to perforated strip accumulation.
  • the presupposition is made that the transmitter is adapted to produce repeated five-unit impulses by the aid of normal perforator strips (as shown in Fig. 2 on the left-hand side), more or less long periods elapsing between the transmissions of one and the same signal ement (order of magnitude of l-2 seconds).
  • the assumption shall be made that the strip travels intermittently. By the rate or rhythm of the feed, uniform travel of the incoming strip can be controlled, though other auxiliary synchronizing means may be provided.
  • the use of an ordinary and simple perforated transmitter tape for signal repetition is shown in connection with Figs. 4 and 5 to be dis- I I cussed further below.
  • the scheme here selected 5 is based upon triple repetition and transmission of each signal, the speed of operation to be 10 letters per second or words per minute, which means an impulse duration of an order of magnitude of 1/ th second per step of the perforated 10 tape.
  • Fig. 1 The incom- 15 ing reinforced impulses are fed by a switch 2 revolving at a definite rate of speed (in dependence upon the forward feed of the strip) to five similar retarder devices comprising parts 3, 4', 5'; 3", 4", 5", etc. Retardation could be in- 20 sured, for instance, by the aid of sensitive electromagnetic relays comprising holding contacts rendered operative by the incoming impulses.
  • the scheme shown in Fig. 1 25 comprises inertialess relays in the form of glowdischarge tubes.
  • the anodes of the latter are denoted by 4', 4", etc., the cathodes by 5, 5", etc., while the auxiliary electrodes serving for receiving the releasing current impulse are designated 30 by3, 3", etc.
  • the artificial extension or prolongation of the impulse which is the object of this invention, results in no idle or no-load periods.
  • the repetition method makes it feasible to produce the three alternating actions; 1. release of combination; 2. perforation; and 3. forward feed of strip conjointly as to time, but at different places, the
  • phase displacements of the strip step or feed associated therewith being permissible by virtue of the yieldingness of the loops.
  • This distributer thus would run at a constant rate of rotation and in synchronism with 6.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the effects of signal fading and pseudo impulses in the form of atmospheric disturbances in connection with an arbitrarily chosen signal. It is assumed that upon the sending strip the places I, 2, and 1 are perforated, 3 and are not. After the signal elements have been keyed three times (with intervening time intervals or spaces), what has been recorded at the receiving end (right-hand side) is as follows: The three recordings or markings (accumulator group I). corresponding to element i are all existing. Of the three transmissions of element 2, only the first and the third have become operative in accumulator group 2', while the second one is missing owing to fading.
  • Fig. 3 The evaluation of the ensuing record for the suitable and direct operation of a translator apparatus combined with a printing telegraph is shown in Fig. 3.
  • Engaging through the holes of the insulating tape 1. and making contact with a common conductive base or support 8 are the metallic pins 6, 6,, 6.", etc., and each one of the latter is connected in series with a variable resistance rl, r2, r3.
  • Five of such three-element groups, as illustrat d, are connected in series with the coils i, Z, 3, 4, 5 which serve for the adjustment or setting of the instant of printing in the translator.
  • the principle underlying this adjustment is supposed to beknown to the expert, the adjustment being effected by bringing five keepers i0, ll, l2, [3, H3, into one position or the other for governing the flow of the current in collector lines. a, b, c, d, e, for type selection, or for forming, if desired, current-impulse combinations for the simple reforwarding by keying of the signal over wires.
  • the working potential, the threshold/of response of the electromagnets l to 5, and resistances rl, r2, T3 are so chosen that the parallel connection of at least two resistances is necessary in order that the keeper may be caused; to move into the lower position where a positive transmitter signal or impulse is occasioned.
  • the keeper will preserve its upper position. In this manner there is obtained the position of the five keepers Iii-i l shown in Fig. 3 in evaluating the incoming strip, and this results in accurate reproduction of the elements I, 2, 4 upon the sending strip, in spite of fading and pseudo signals.
  • the device acts selectively in regard to these two kinds of disturbances in short-wave reception. In the instance here dealt with the assumption has been made that but one impulse has been missing and that at least two impulses have come through safely, while, on the other hand, only one pseudo impulse has happened.
  • this scheme could be chosen in any desired other manner, for instance, so that 3 failures or missings could happen in seven transmissions of the v service, for instance, in such a manner that the resistances H, r2, r3, etc., Fig. 3 or the sensi signal.
  • the element in question is supposed to exist whenever at least 4 individual impulses have been stored up, so that three failures in each accumulatinggroup can be admitted as permissible.
  • the selector hereinbefore described is adapted to cooperate not only with the well-known step or start-stop telegraphs, but also with continuously acting and continuously synchronized printer apparatus.
  • Figs. 4a, 4b and 5a, 51 represent several exemplifications of the signal transmitter, Figs. 4a. and 4b showing an electro-mechanical and Fig. 5 an electro-optical transmitter.
  • Fig. 4b illustrates three groups a, b, 0, each comprising five current-making keys in the form of springs comprising contacts I, I", I' (Fig. 4a), which by engaging through the hole of a sending strip of the usual kind come to make contact with a conductor plate 3 3", 3.
  • electromagnets 4', 4", 4 are provided which by the agency of keepers 2', 2", 2" secured in an insulated manner serve to firmly apply by pressure simultaneously all of the spring contacts as long as the perforated strip is stationary.
  • the angle of the distributor element which contains none of the segments I, II, III, etc., is utilized for the operation of the retarding (time-lag) relays in the receiver and for the forward feed of the strip which here occurs en bloc (integrally).
  • the ensuing current impulses control the short-wave transmitter 5.
  • the pitch or division of the revolving switches 2, I, 1'', etc. of the receiver must be adapted to that of switch 6 as before described.
  • Fig. 5a illustrates means adapted to insure extremely rapid operation and which are free from contacts of a mechanical nature, as these would here prove a failure.
  • the holes of the transmitter strip in well-known manner, act as diaphragm openings for luminous pencils which con- 5 simply glow-lamps 9, 9", 9" furnished with an '10,
  • the telegram is rearranged in the proper time-sequency of impulses by that immediately above the transmitter strip (which is most suitably made from nontranslucent paper) there is displaced parallel to the former and in opposite direction an endless perforated tape H acting as an alternate diaphragm.
  • the said tape I I is provided with equidistant oblique groups of five openings each.
  • the punched holes of the singly perforated transmitter strip are consecutively scanned photo-electrically.
  • the three zones which are illuminated are indicated by dotted (dash) lines.
  • first element I After the instant which is shown in the drawing, that is, after tape II has moved a small distance towards the right-hand side, first element I, then a brief time afterwards the element 2', and then the following elements, will be illuminated. Alternate scanning in the different repeating zones is thus accomplished by the use of a very simple means. If a carrier frequency is to be produced for the amplification of the photo-electric impulses, then an a. 0. source or a d. c. interrupter l, for instance, could be inserted in the circuit of cells 8, 8", 8".
  • a wireless communication system for overcoming fading and atmospheric disturbances having, in combination, a transmitter arranged to repeat five-unit impulses a predetermined number of times, said repetition being effected by means of intermittently travelling perforated tape having the signals appearing thereon, a receiver comprising five inertialess relays, a distributor for successively distributing received unit impulses to said inertialess relays in succession, individual additional distributors for each inertialess relay, and translating mechanism under control of said additional distributors responsive to the operation of said inertialess relays.
  • a wireless communication system for overcoming fading and atmospheric disturbances having, in combination, a transmitter arranged to repeat multi-unit impulses a predetermined number of times, a receiver comprising a plurality of electric tube relays one for each unit impulse, a distributor for successively distributing received unit impulses to said electric tube relays in succession, individual additional distributors for each of said relays, and translating mechanism under control of said additional distributors responsive to the operation of said relays.
  • apparatus for overcoming fadingand atmospheric efiectsz comprising a transmitter arranged to, repeatedlytransmitmulti-unit signal impulses a predetermined number of times,c,and;1a.receiving. system. comprising means for' receiving the transmitted impulses; a punching element for. each unit im;--

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Locating Faults (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
US435044A 1929-03-13 1930-03-12 Signaling Expired - Lifetime US2023446A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE347683X 1929-03-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2023446A true US2023446A (en) 1935-12-10

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US435044A Expired - Lifetime US2023446A (en) 1929-03-13 1930-03-12 Signaling

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US (1) US2023446A (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR691262A (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB347683A (enrdf_load_html_response)
NL (1) NL35062C (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2467257A (en) * 1944-05-11 1949-04-12 Ncr Co Electronic remote-control device
US2552126A (en) * 1946-10-24 1951-05-08 Hendrik C A Van Duuren System for the transmission of telegraph signs on a radio path by means of a double wave
US2554835A (en) * 1947-06-25 1951-05-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Recording system
US2867720A (en) * 1945-10-26 1959-01-06 Conrad H Hoeppner Communication reliability apparatus
US2999128A (en) * 1945-11-14 1961-09-05 Conrad H Hoeppner Pulse communication system
US3206676A (en) * 1961-11-30 1965-09-14 Sichak Associates Time diversity system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2467257A (en) * 1944-05-11 1949-04-12 Ncr Co Electronic remote-control device
US2867720A (en) * 1945-10-26 1959-01-06 Conrad H Hoeppner Communication reliability apparatus
US2999128A (en) * 1945-11-14 1961-09-05 Conrad H Hoeppner Pulse communication system
US2552126A (en) * 1946-10-24 1951-05-08 Hendrik C A Van Duuren System for the transmission of telegraph signs on a radio path by means of a double wave
US2554835A (en) * 1947-06-25 1951-05-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Recording system
US3206676A (en) * 1961-11-30 1965-09-14 Sichak Associates Time diversity system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL35062C (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB347683A (en) 1931-04-28
FR691262A (fr) 1930-10-20

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