Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/1691—Hydrocarbons petroleum waxes, mineral waxes; paraffines; alkylation products; Friedel-Crafts condensation products; petroleum resins; modified waxes (oxidised)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
  • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks

Definitions

• This invention relates to methods of lowering pour points of oils containing in solution or in colloidal suspension normally solid substances of the type of paraflin wax, and to methods of producing concentrated mixtures of highly active pour point-reducing substances.
• hydrocarbon oils may show a large increase of viscosity upon their temperatures being lowered. Their viscosity may even be increased to the extent of rendering the oil entirely unpourable. This so-called congelation of mineral. oils is ascribed to the crystallizable paraffin wax present therein. At a low temperature this paraffin wax forms a needle-like structure in the oil, with the result that the latter loses in fluidity.
• Hwrvever not ail hydrocarbon oils consisting of or originating from parafiin base materials have the property of becoming excessively viscous on being cooled.
• This property of certain paraffin base oils of having relatively low pour points appeared to be due to the fact that such oils naturally contain substances which tend to preclude the undesirable crystallization of the paraiiin wax.
• the presence of such substances in the same oils could be demonstrated by separating such substances from a portion of such an oil by one of the methods herein described and then adding the separated substances, or their concentrates, to the other portion of the original oil, whereby a lowering of the original pour point of the oil is effected.
• the pour point of the dewaxed portion of the oil is, of course, lower than the original pour point.
• These products represent complex mixtures consisting substan-- tially of compounds whose molecules are built of more or less complex cyclic nuclei with rela- 15 tively long side chains attached thereto, and some of which compounds appear to be more active in lowering pour points of mineral oils than the the others.
• substances of this type which may be used as a 20 source of the active pour point reducers of this invention, may be mentioned the substances described in the U. S. Patent No. 1,815,022.
• the active pour point-reducing substances may be obtained 25 from the materials containing them by extraction with suitable adsorbing agents, such as various adsorbing clays, e, g. bauxite, or charcoal, or silica gel, and other similar finely divided materials or their mixtures; it has also been discovered 30 out under a suitable pressure or vacuum, or with 45 steam, if desired.
• suitable adsorbing agents such as various adsorbing clays, e, g. bauxite, or charcoal, or silica gel, and other similar finely divided materials or their mixtures
• Example 1 "400 gr. of a Java oil residue was dissolved in 3 litres of butanone. The solution was then cooled, causing the paraffin wax to crystalize out. The paraflin wax was filtered off and freed from the solvent by heating; it was then dissolved in 4 litres of benzine, and the solution, after removal of the insoluble substances (asphaltenes), was decolorized with gr. of terrana. The spent terrana, after being washed with benzine, was extracted with pyridine, from which an active substance was obtained by distilling off the solvent, which, when added to a Roumanian parafiin base lubricating oil in a quantity of 0.25%, reduced the pour point of this oil by 15 0.
• Example 2 A mixture of 1 kg. of commercial parafiin wax and 50 gms. of the synthetic material, prepared substantially according to the specification of the U. S. Patent No. 1,815,022, was dissolved in 7 kgs. of a butanone-benzine mixture (2:1). The resulting solution was cooled, and the precipitated waxy material was filtered off and then redissolved in benzine. This solution was decolorized with terrana and separated therefrom. The spent terrana was repeatedly washed with benzine in order to remove the excess wax and then extracted with pyridine. This solvent was removed from the extract by distillation and the remaining residue, consisting of highly active pour point reducing substances, weighed 2.3 gms.
• the easily congealing parafiin wax-like substances is relatively great, or their pour points may be rela tively low when the concentration of the active substances is sufiiciently high to be effective in preventing solidification of theeils, which may be caused by congealing of certain waxy substances upon cooling. It was also found that some of the oils contain highly effective pour point-reducing substances even in the absence of the paraflin wax-like materials; these pour point-reducing substances can be separated from such oils by the methods described in this specification.
• the materials, naturally occurring or synthetic, which are found to contain the active pour point reducers are composed of substances of relatively high molecular weights and whose boiling temperatures at atmospheric pressure are beyond the temperatures at which they decompose, but may be distilled, when desired, either under vacuum or in the presence of steam or other inert vapour or gas.
• a suitable adsorbing agent or agents may be carried out either directly from the above mentioned materials or from their solutions or colloidal suspensions in one of the common organic solvents, exemplified by benzine, benzol, and various other aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, their mixtures, etc. It was found that some classes of solvents, such as for instance ketones, cannot be employed, as in the presence of these solvents the adsorption of the active substances by the adsorbing agents does not take place or only partially.
• the adsorbing agent is then separated from the treated material and, if desired, after washing with one of the above-mentioned solvents, is again washed with a solvent for the desired active substances; although other organic solvents may be used for this last washing step, it is preferable to extract these substances with a solvent of the following types: pyridine, xylene, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulphide, low boiling Edeleanu extracts from mineral oils, or mixtures of two or more of these solvents.
• a solvent of the following types pyridine, xylene, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulphide, low boiling Edeleanu extracts from mineral oils, or mixtures of two or more of these solvents.
• the separated wax with adsorbed active substances may be redissolved in one of the common organic solvents mentioned above and then treated with clay.
• this invention is not bound to any theory explaining the complex composition or molecular structure or mechanism of action of the pour point-reducing substances obtained by the disclosed methods, but is directed to the substances of unknown, as yet, composition, which are obtainable by one of these methods.
• mixture containing pour point-reducing substances is selected from the group consisting of: a paraffin base mineral oil containing paramn wax and having a relatively low pour point, and a parafiin wax containing said substances.
• adsorbing agent is selected from the group consisting of: diatomaceous earth, bleaching earth, bauxite, charcoal, and silica gel.
• the steps comprising separating said substances from said mixture by treating the mixture with an adsorbing agent, separating said agent together with the adsorbed substances from the rest of the mixture, extracting the adsorbed substances from 20 the separated adsorbing agent by means of a solvent for the pour point-reducing substances and then separating the solvent from the extracted substances.
• a composition comprising a mineral oil 25 containing waxy components and, added thereto, an efiective quantity of a complex mixture of pour point-reducing substances obtained by an adsorption treatment of a mixture containing such substances with an adsorbing agent, wherefrom said mixture was consequently extracted with a solvent and, then, separated from the solvent.
• a composite oil having a relatively low pour point comprising a mineral oil containingwaxy components and having, therefore, a relatively high pour point and an effective quantity of a complex mixture of pour point-reducing substances obtained by an adsorption treatment of a natural mineral oil containing such substances with an adsorbing agent, wherefrom said mixture was consequently extracted with a solvent and, then, separated from the solvent.
• a composite oil having a relatively low pour point comprising a mineral oil containing waxy components and having, therefore, a relatively 45 high pour point and an effective quantity of a complex mixture of pour point-reducing substances obtained by an adsorption treatment of a synthetic oil containing such substances with an adsorbing agent, wherefrom said mixture was 50 consequently extracted with a solvent and, then, separated from the solvent.
• the steps comprising separating said substances from said mix-' ture by treating the mixture with an adsorbing agent, separating said agent together with the adsorbed substances from the rest of the mixture, washing the separated agent with a solvent for other adsorbed material than the pour point reducing substances, and finally extracting the adsorbed substances from the separated adsorbing agent by means of a solvent in which the said pour point reducing substances readily dissolve.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

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Cited By (3)

• 0
  • NL NL35324D patent/NL35324C/xx active
• 1933
  • 1933-08-19 US US685855A patent/US2023369A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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