US20230383210A1 - Use of dialkylene glycol ester to reduce friction in vehicles with hybrid engines - Google Patents
Use of dialkylene glycol ester to reduce friction in vehicles with hybrid engines Download PDFInfo
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- US20230383210A1 US20230383210A1 US18/032,599 US202118032599A US2023383210A1 US 20230383210 A1 US20230383210 A1 US 20230383210A1 US 202118032599 A US202118032599 A US 202118032599A US 2023383210 A1 US2023383210 A1 US 2023383210A1
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- -1 glycol ester Chemical class 0.000 title description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 58
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 32
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 16
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 16
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical class ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 7-[4-[[(3z)-3-[4-amino-5-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl]imino-5-fluoro-2-oxoindol-1-yl]methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(\N=C/3C4=CC(F)=CC=C4N(CN4CCN(CC4)C=4C(=CC=5C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(C=5C=4)C4CC4)F)C\3=O)=NC=2)N)=C1 RREANTFLPGEWEN-MBLPBCRHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000006539 C12 alkyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004450 alkenylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decene Natural products CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/68—Esters
- C10M129/74—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M101/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
- C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
- C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of dialkylene glycol ester in a lubricant composition for vehicles equipped with a hybrid engine, to reduce the coefficient of friction when using the engine at low speed and/or when cold.
- Improving the performance of lubricants is a constant area of interest.
- it is increasingly sought to improve the performance of lubricants and in particular those for new generation vehicles, which include hybrid vehicles.
- Hybrid vehicles have particular constraints and in particular when used at low speed or when cold i.e. over specific periods which could be termed «start of cycle» periods, after vehicle start-up. Over these cycles, the temperatures of the oils used in a hybrid vehicle are low, lower than the temperatures in a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, and it would be an essential advantage to propose a formulation exhibiting better performance during these particular periods of use.
- a further object of the invention is also to propose an additive for a lubricant composition for a vehicle equipped with a hybrid engine, to reduce the coefficient of friction during cold cycle use of the engine.
- the present invention also relates to a method for reducing the coefficient of friction when a hybrid engine is used at low speed and/or when cold , comprising the lubricating of said engine with a lubricant composition comprising at least one base oil and a diester of formula (I)
- Low speed it is meant a specific engine speed.
- Engine speed designates the speed of rotation of the engine and is expressed in revolutions per minute.
- Low speed according to the invention is characterized by a number of revolutions per minute (rpm) of between 600 and 2000 rpm, preferably between 900 and 1500 rpm.
- «when cold» it is meant use of the engines at start-up and during phase 1 of the WLTC cycle, at which time the engine is at a temperature lower than 50° C., preferably between 20 and 50° C., preferably between 25 and 40° C.
- the reduction in the coefficient of friction is to be construed as a reduction in comparison with the observation which would be made with a lubricant composition not comprising the diester of the invention.
- n is 2 or 3, preferably 2.
- At least one of the R groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably is methyl, ethyl or propyl, advantageously methyl.
- the diester of formula (I) of the invention is a diester of following formula (I′) :
- At least one of the groups R or R′ in the diester of formula (I′) is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, advantageously methyl.
- Ra and Rb have a linear sequence of 7 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 11 carbon atoms, in particular 9 or 11 carbon atoms.
- s is 2.
- the diester of the invention is preferably a compound of formula (I′a):
- At least one of the R groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl; and at least one of the R′ groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl.
- one of the R groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl; and one of the R′ groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl; the other R and R′ groups representing hydrogen atoms.
- the diester of the invention is a compound of formula (I′′a)
- At least one of the R groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl.
- one of the R groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl, the others being hydrogen atoms.
- linear sequence of x to y carbon atoms it is meant a saturated or unsaturated carbon chain, preferably saturated, having x to y carbon atoms following after each other, any carbon atoms which may be present at the branches of the carbon chain not being taken into account in the number of carbon atoms (x-y) forming the linear sequence.
- Ra and Rb the same or different are of plant, animal or petroleum origin.
- Ra and Rb the same or different are saturated groups.
- Ra and Rb the same or different are linear groups.
- Ra and Rb the same or different are saturated linear hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 7 to 17 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 14 carbon atoms, further preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms and in particular 9 or 12 carbon atoms.
- Ra and Rb the same or different are saturated linear alkyl groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 7 to 17 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 14 carbon atoms, further preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms and in particular 9 or 12 carbon atoms.
- Ra and Rb are the same.
- diesters of formula (I) can be commercially available diesters or they can be prepared following the synthesis methods described in the literature and known to persons skilled in the art, in particular according to the methods described in WO201925446.
- the diester of formula (I) is added in a proportion of 1 to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition, preferably 10 to 30 %.
- the base oils used in the lubricant compositions of the invention can be oils of mineral or synthetic origin belonging to Groups I to V in the classes defined by the API classification (or the equivalents thereof in the ATIEL classification (Table 1), or mixtures thereof.
- the mineral base oils of the invention include any type of base oil obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude petroleum, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, deasphalting, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing.
- Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils can also be used.
- the base oils of the lubricant composition of the invention can also be selected from among synthetic oils such as some esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, and polyalphaolefins.
- the polyalphaolefins used as base oil are obtained for example from monomers having 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from octene or decene, and in which viscosity at 100° C. is between 1.5 and 15 mm2.s-1 according to standard ASTM D445.
- the molecular weight average thereof is generally between 250 et 3000 according to standard ASTM D5296.
- the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise at least 50% by weight of base oil relative to the total weight of the composition. More advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention comprises at least 60% by weight, or even at least 70% by weight of base oils relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition. More preferably, the lubricant composition of the invention comprises from 75 to 97% by weight of base oils relative to the total weight of the composition.
- composition of the invention may also comprise at least one additive.
- the preferred additives for the lubricant composition of the invention are selected from among detergent additives, friction modifying additives differing from the molybdenum compounds defined above, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, pour point activators, defoaming agents, thickeners, and mixtures thereof.
- the lubricant compositions of the invention comprise at least one extreme pressure additive, or a mixture.
- Antiwear additives and extreme pressure additives protect against surface frictions by forming a protective film adsorbed on surfaces.
- the antiwear additives are selected from among additives comprising phosphorus and sulfur such as alkylthiophosphate metals, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphate, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphate or ZnDTP.
- the preferred compounds have the formula Zn((SP(S)(OR)(OR′))2, where R and R′, the same or different, are each independently an alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Amine phosphates are also antiwear additives that can be used in the lubricant compositions of the invention.
- the phosphorus atoms contributed by these additives may act as poison for the catalytic systems of motor vehicles since they generate ash. It is possible to minimise these effects by substituting part of the amine phosphates by additives not contributing phosphorus such as polysulfides for example, in particular sulfur- containing olefins.
- the lubricant compositions of the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 6 % by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 4% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 2% by weight of antiwear and extreme pressure additives, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
- the lubricant compositions of the invention comprise from 0.01 to 6 by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 4% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 2% by weight of antiwear additives (or anti-wear compound) relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
- compositions of the invention may comprise at least friction modifying additive differing from the molybdenum compounds of the invention.
- the friction modifying additives can be selected in particular from among compounds contributing metal elements and ash-free compounds. Among those compounds contributing metal elements mention can be made of complexes of transition metals such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn in which the ligands can be hydrocarbon compounds comprising atoms of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus.
- the ash-free friction modifying additives are generally of organic origin and can be selected from among the monoesters of fatty acids and polyols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, fatty epoxide borates, fatty amines or the esters of glycerol acid.
- the fatty compounds comprising at least one hydrocarbon group have 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
- the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight, or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2% by weight of friction modifying additives differing from the molybdenum compounds of the invention, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
- the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
- Antioxidant additives generally delay degradation of the lubricant composition. This degradation most often translates as the formation of a deposit, the presence of sludge or by an increase in the viscosity of the lubricant composition.
- Antioxidant additives generally act as radical scavengers or hydroperoxide decomposers.
- antioxidants routinely used, mention can be made of antioxidants of phenolic type, antioxidants of amine type, antioxidants containing sulfur and phosphorus. Some of these antioxidants, for example those comprising sulfur and phosphorus, may generate ash.
- Phenolic antioxidant additives can be ash-free or they can be in the form of neutral or basic salts.
- the antioxidant additives can particularly be selected from among sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters, sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted by at least one C 1 to C 12 alkyl group, N,N′-dialkyl-aryl-diamines, and mixtures thereof.
- the sterically hindered phenols are selected from among compounds comprising a phenol group in which at least one of the carbon atoms in the vicinity of the carbon atom carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one C 1 to C 10 alkyl group, preferably a C 1 to C 6 alkyl group, preferably a C 4 alkyl group, preferably a tert-butyl group.
- Amine compounds are another class of antioxidant additives which can be used, optionally in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives.
- amine compounds are aromatic amines, for example aromatic amines having the formula NRaRbRc where Ra is an optionally substituted aliphatic group or aromatic group, Rb is an optionally substituted aromatic group, Rc is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula RdS(O)zRe where Rd is an alkylene or alkenylene group, Re is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or aryl group and z is 0, 1 or 2.
- Alkyl-phenols containing sulfur or the alkali or alkaline-earth metal salts thereof can also be used as antioxidant additives.
- antioxidant additives are copper-containing compounds, for example copper thio- ou dithio-phosphate, salts of copper and carboxylic acids, dithiocarbamates, sulfonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates.
- copper I and II, the salts of succinic acid or anhydride can also be used.
- the lubricant compositions of the invention may also comprise any type of antioxidant known to persons skilled in the art.
- the lubricant composition comprises at least one ash-free antioxidant additive.
- the lubricant composition of the invention comprises from 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one antioxidant additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise at least one detergent additive.
- Detergent additives generally allow a reduction in the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts, by dissolving secondary products of oxidation and combustion.
- the detergent additives able to be used in the lubricant compositions of the invention are generally known to persons skilled in the art.
- the detergent additives can be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and hydrophobic head.
- the associated cation can be a metal cation of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal.
- the detergent additives are preferably selected from among the alkali or alkaline-earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulfonates, salicylates, naphthenates, and phenate salts.
- the alkali and alkaline-earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
- metal salts generally comprise the metal in stoichiometric amount or in excess, i.e. in an amount greater than the stoichiometric amount. They are then overbased detergents; the excess metal imparting the overbased nature to the detergent additive is generally in the form of an oil-insoluble metal, for example carbonate, hydroxide, oxalate, acetate, glutamate, preferably carbonate.
- the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise from 0.5 to 8%, or from 2 to 4% by weight of overbased detergent additive relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
- the lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise a pour point depressant additive.
- the pour point depressant additive By slowing the formation of wax crystals, the pour point depressant additive generally improves the cold-start properties of the lubricant composition of the invention.
- pour point depressant additives mention can be made of alkyl polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalene, alkyl polystyrenes.
- the lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise a dispersant.
- Dispersants can be selected from among Mannich bases, succinimides, and derivatives thereof.
- the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise from to 10% by weight of dispersant relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
- the lubricant composition of the invention may further comprise at least one other additional polymer improving the viscosity index.
- additional polymer improving the viscosity index mention can be made of polymeric esters, the homopolymers or copolymers, whether or not hydrogenated, of styrene, butadiene, and isoprene, polymethacrylates (PMA).
- the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise from 1 to 15% by weight of additive improving the viscosity index, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
- the lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise at least one thickening agent.
- the lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise a defoaming agent or demulsifying agent.
- the lubricant composition of the invention further comprises at least one antiwear agent, in particular zinc-based, and particularly ZnDTP.
- at least one antiwear agent in particular zinc-based, and particularly ZnDTP.
- hybrid motor vehicle or vehicles equipped with a hybrid engine vehicles having recourse to two separate sources of energy for powering.
- hybrid vehicles associate an internal combustion engine with an electric motor, said electric motor taking part in vehicle traction.
- the invention also relates to a method for reducing friction when a hybrid engine is used at low speed and/or when cold, which comprises the addition of a diester of the invention to the lubricant composition of said engine.
- the invention also relates to a method for reducing friction when a hybrid engine is used at low speed and/or when cold, which comprises the lubrication of said engine with a lubricant composition comprising a diester of the invention.
- compositions of the invention were prepared following methods known to persons skilled in the art.
- a FMEP test bed (Friction Mean Effective Pressure) was used to measure engine friction.
- the engine was driven by a generator and the torque to be supplied by this generator was measured (this torque is therefore the image of engine friction).
- the friction mapping obtained at the end of the test was composed of 8 engine speeds and 4 temperatures.
- the time required for this mapping was about 11 h.
- composition of the so-called reference oil was as follows:
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the use of a diester of formula (I) in a lubricant composition for a vehicle equipped with a hybrid engine, to reduce friction when the engine is used at low speed and/or when cold.
Description
- The present application is a U.S. National Phase Application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2021/078956 filed Oct. 19, 2021, which claims priority of French Patent Application No. 20 10736 filed Oct. 20, 2020. The entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
- The present invention relates to the use of dialkylene glycol ester in a lubricant composition for vehicles equipped with a hybrid engine, to reduce the coefficient of friction when using the engine at low speed and/or when cold.
- Improving the performance of lubricants is a constant area of interest. In particular, to meet increasing environmental requirements, it is increasingly sought to improve the performance of lubricants and in particular those for new generation vehicles, which include hybrid vehicles.
- However, few compositions have a particular focus on use thereof in a hybrid vehicle. Hybrid vehicles have particular constraints and in particular when used at low speed or when cold i.e. over specific periods which could be termed «start of cycle» periods, after vehicle start-up. Over these cycles, the temperatures of the oils used in a hybrid vehicle are low, lower than the temperatures in a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, and it would be an essential advantage to propose a formulation exhibiting better performance during these particular periods of use.
- Against all expectations, the inventors have found that it is possible to gain access to lubricant compositions having increased efficiency in Fuel-Eco terms for cycles of use called low speed or cold cycles.
- It is therefore one object to the present invention to propose an additive for a lubricant composition for a vehicle equipped with a hybrid engine, to reduce the coefficient of friction when the engine is used at low speed.
- A further object of the invention is also to propose an additive for a lubricant composition for a vehicle equipped with a hybrid engine, to reduce the coefficient of friction during cold cycle use of the engine.
- Other objects will become apparent on reading the following description of the invention.
- These objects are achieved with the present invention which relates to the use of a diester of formula (I) in a lubricant composition for vehicles equipped with a hybrid engine, to reduce the coefficient of friction when the engine is used at low speed and/or when cold.
-
Ra—C(O)—O—([C(R)2]n—O)s—C(O)—R b (1) -
- where:
- R, each independently, are a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, preferably methyl;
- s is 1 or 2;
- n is 1, 2 or 3, on the understanding that when s differs from 1, the n values can be the same or different;
- Ra and Rb, the same or different, are each independently linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups, having a linear sequence of 6 to 18 carbon atoms;
- provided that, when s is 2, and n all the same are 2, at least one of the R groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and provided that when s is 1 and n is 3, at least one of the R groups linked to the carbon at beta position of the oxygen atoms of the ester functions is a hydrogen atom.
- The present invention also relates to a method for reducing the coefficient of friction when a hybrid engine is used at low speed and/or when cold , comprising the lubricating of said engine with a lubricant composition comprising at least one base oil and a diester of formula (I)
-
Ra—C(O)—O—([C(R)2]n—O)s—C(O)—Rb (I) -
- where:
- R, each independently, are a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, in particular a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, preferably methyl;
- s is 1 or 2;
- n is 1, 2 or 3, on the understanding that when s differs from 1, the n values can be the same or different;
- Ra and Rb, the same or different, are each independently linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups having a linear sequence of 6 to 18 carbon atoms;
- provided that when s is 2 and n all the same are 2, at least one of the R groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and
- provided that when s is 1 and n is 3, at least one of the R groups linked to the carbon at beta position of the oxygen atoms of the ester functions is a hydrogen atom.
- In the present invention, by «low speed» it is meant a specific engine speed. Engine speed designates the speed of rotation of the engine and is expressed in revolutions per minute. Low speed according to the invention is characterized by a number of revolutions per minute (rpm) of between 600 and 2000 rpm, preferably between 900 and 1500 rpm.
- In the present invention, by «when cold» it is meant use of the engines at start-up and during phase 1 of the WLTC cycle, at which time the engine is at a temperature lower than 50° C., preferably between 20 and 50° C., preferably between 25 and 40° C.
- The reduction in the coefficient of friction is to be construed as a reduction in comparison with the observation which would be made with a lubricant composition not comprising the diester of the invention.
- Preferably, in the diester of formula (I) of the invention, when s differs from 1, all the n values are the same.
- Preferably, in the diester of formula (I) of the invention, n is 2 or 3, preferably 2.
- Preferably, in the diester of formula (I) of the invention, at least one of the R groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and more preferably is methyl, ethyl or propyl, advantageously methyl.
- In one particular embodiment, the diester of formula (I) of the invention is a diester of following formula (I′) :
-
Ra—C(O)—O—([C(R)2]n—O)—([C(R′)2]m—O)s-1—C(O)—Rb (I′) -
- where
- R and R′, each independently, are a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, preferably a methyl group;
- s is 1 or 2;
- n is 2;
- m is 2;
- Ra and Rb, the same or different, are each independently linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups having a linear sequence of 6 to 18 carbon atoms;
- provided that when s is 2, at least one of the groups R or R′ is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Advantageously, at least one of the groups R or R′ in the diester of formula (I′) is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, advantageously methyl.
- Preferably, in the compounds of formula (I) and (I′), Ra and Rb have a linear sequence of 7 to 14 carbon atoms, preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 11 carbon atoms, in particular 9 or 11 carbon atoms.
- In one particular embodiment, in formulas (I) or (I′), s is 2.
- The diester of the invention is preferably a compound of formula (I′a):
-
Ra—C(O)—O—([C(R)2]n—O)—([C(R′)2]m—O)—C(O)—Rb (I′a) -
- where:
- R and R′ are each independently a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl;
- n is 2;
- m is 2;
- Ra and Rb, the same or different, are each independently linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups having a linear sequence of 6 to 18 carbon atoms;
- provided that at least one of the groups R or R′ is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl.
- where:
- Preferably, at least one of the R groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl; and at least one of the R′ groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl.
- Further preferably, in the diester of formula (I′a) one of the R groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl; and one of the R′ groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl; the other R and R′ groups representing hydrogen atoms.
- In one particular embodiment, the diester of the invention is a compound of formula (I″a)
-
Ra—C(O)—O—CHR1—CHR2—O—CHR3—CHR4—O—C(O)—Rb (I″a) -
- where:
- one of the groups R1 and R2 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, the other being a hydrogen atom;
- one of the groups R3 and R4 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, the other being a hydrogen atom;
- Ra and Rb, the same or different, are such as previously defined.
- where:
- Preferably, in the compounds of formula (I″a):
-
- one of the groups R1 and R2 is a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, preferably methyl, the other being a hydrogen atom;
- one of the groups R3 and R4 is a methyl, ethyl or propyl group, preferably methyl, the other being a hydrogen atom.
- In another alternative embodiment, in the compounds of formula (I) or (I′), s is 1 and the diesters of the invention have the formula (I′b):
-
Ra—C(O)—O—([C(R)2]n—O)—C(O)—b (I′b) -
- where:
- R, each independently, are a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl;
- n is 2;
- Ra and Rb, the same or different, are each independently linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups having a linear sequence of 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- where:
- Preferably, in formula (I′b), at least one of the R groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl.
- Preferably, in formula (I′b), one of the R groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, preferably methyl, the others being hydrogen atoms.
- In the present invention, it is to be understood that the expression «having x to y carbon atoms» also includes the limits x and y.
- In the present invention, it is to be understood that by «linear sequence of x to y carbon atoms» it is meant a saturated or unsaturated carbon chain, preferably saturated, having x to y carbon atoms following after each other, any carbon atoms which may be present at the branches of the carbon chain not being taken into account in the number of carbon atoms (x-y) forming the linear sequence.
- In one particular embodiment, in formulas (I), (I′), (I′a), (I″a) or (I′b), Ra and Rb the same or different are of plant, animal or petroleum origin.
- In one particular embodiment, in formulas (I), (I′), (I′a), (I″a) or (I′b), Ra and Rb the same or different are saturated groups.
- In one particular embodiment, in formulas (I), (I′), (I′a), (I″a) or (I′b), Ra and Rb the same or different are linear groups. In particular, Ra and Rb the same or different are saturated linear hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 7 to 17 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 14 carbon atoms, further preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms and in particular 9 or 12 carbon atoms.
- In another preferred embodiment, in formulas (I), (I′), (I′a), (I″a) or (I′b), Ra and Rb the same or different are saturated linear alkyl groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 7 to 17 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 14 carbon atoms, further preferably 8 to 12 carbon atoms and in particular 9 or 12 carbon atoms.
- Preferably, Ra and Rb are the same.
- The diesters of formula (I) can be commercially available diesters or they can be prepared following the synthesis methods described in the literature and known to persons skilled in the art, in particular according to the methods described in WO201925446.
- Preferably, the diester of formula (I) is added in a proportion of 1 to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition, preferably 10 to 30 %.
- The base oils used in the lubricant compositions of the invention can be oils of mineral or synthetic origin belonging to Groups I to V in the classes defined by the API classification (or the equivalents thereof in the ATIEL classification (Table 1), or mixtures thereof.
-
TABLE 1 Content of Viscosity saturated Index substances Sulfur content (VI) Group I <90% >0.03% 80 ≤ VI < 120 Mineral oils Group II ≥90% ≤0.03% 80 ≤ VI < 120 Hydrocracked oils Group III ≥90% ≤0.03% ≥120 Hydro-isomerized oils Group IV Polyalphaolefins (PAO) Group V Esters and other bases not included in Groups I to IV - The mineral base oils of the invention include any type of base oil obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude petroleum, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, deasphalting, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing.
- Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils can also be used.
- The base oils of the lubricant composition of the invention can also be selected from among synthetic oils such as some esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, and polyalphaolefins. The polyalphaolefins used as base oil are obtained for example from monomers having 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from octene or decene, and in which viscosity at 100° C. is between 1.5 and 15 mm2.s-1 according to standard ASTM D445. The molecular weight average thereof is generally between 250 et 3000 according to standard ASTM D5296.
- The lubricant composition of the invention may comprise at least 50% by weight of base oil relative to the total weight of the composition. More advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention comprises at least 60% by weight, or even at least 70% by weight of base oils relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition. More preferably, the lubricant composition of the invention comprises from 75 to 97% by weight of base oils relative to the total weight of the composition.
- The composition of the invention may also comprise at least one additive.
- Numerous additives can be used in the lubricant compositions of the invention.
- The preferred additives for the lubricant composition of the invention are selected from among detergent additives, friction modifying additives differing from the molybdenum compounds defined above, extreme pressure additives, dispersants, pour point activators, defoaming agents, thickeners, and mixtures thereof.
- Preferably, the lubricant compositions of the invention comprise at least one extreme pressure additive, or a mixture.
- Antiwear additives and extreme pressure additives protect against surface frictions by forming a protective film adsorbed on surfaces.
- There exists a wide variety of antiwear additives. Preferably, for the lubricant compositions of the invention, the antiwear additives are selected from among additives comprising phosphorus and sulfur such as alkylthiophosphate metals, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphate, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphate or ZnDTP. The preferred compounds have the formula Zn((SP(S)(OR)(OR′))2, where R and R′, the same or different, are each independently an alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Amine phosphates are also antiwear additives that can be used in the lubricant compositions of the invention. However, the phosphorus atoms contributed by these additives may act as poison for the catalytic systems of motor vehicles since they generate ash. It is possible to minimise these effects by substituting part of the amine phosphates by additives not contributing phosphorus such as polysulfides for example, in particular sulfur- containing olefins.
- Advantageously, the lubricant compositions of the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 6 % by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 4% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 2% by weight of antiwear and extreme pressure additives, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
- Advantageously, the lubricant compositions of the invention comprise from 0.01 to 6 by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 4% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 2% by weight of antiwear additives (or anti-wear compound) relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
- Advantageously, the compositions of the invention may comprise at least friction modifying additive differing from the molybdenum compounds of the invention. The friction modifying additives can be selected in particular from among compounds contributing metal elements and ash-free compounds. Among those compounds contributing metal elements mention can be made of complexes of transition metals such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn in which the ligands can be hydrocarbon compounds comprising atoms of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus. The ash-free friction modifying additives are generally of organic origin and can be selected from among the monoesters of fatty acids and polyols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, fatty epoxide borates, fatty amines or the esters of glycerol acid. In the invention, the fatty compounds comprising at least one hydrocarbon group have 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
- Advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight, or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2% by weight of friction modifying additives differing from the molybdenum compounds of the invention, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
- Advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise at least one antioxidant additive.
- Antioxidant additives generally delay degradation of the lubricant composition. This degradation most often translates as the formation of a deposit, the presence of sludge or by an increase in the viscosity of the lubricant composition.
- Antioxidant additives generally act as radical scavengers or hydroperoxide decomposers. Among the antioxidants routinely used, mention can be made of antioxidants of phenolic type, antioxidants of amine type, antioxidants containing sulfur and phosphorus. Some of these antioxidants, for example those comprising sulfur and phosphorus, may generate ash. Phenolic antioxidant additives can be ash-free or they can be in the form of neutral or basic salts. The antioxidant additives can particularly be selected from among sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters, sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted by at least one C1 to C12 alkyl group, N,N′-dialkyl-aryl-diamines, and mixtures thereof.
- Preferably, in the invention, the sterically hindered phenols are selected from among compounds comprising a phenol group in which at least one of the carbon atoms in the vicinity of the carbon atom carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one C1 to C10 alkyl group, preferably a C1 to C6 alkyl group, preferably a C4 alkyl group, preferably a tert-butyl group.
- Amine compounds are another class of antioxidant additives which can be used, optionally in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives. Examples of amine compounds are aromatic amines, for example aromatic amines having the formula NRaRbRc where Ra is an optionally substituted aliphatic group or aromatic group, Rb is an optionally substituted aromatic group, Rc is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula RdS(O)zRe where Rd is an alkylene or alkenylene group, Re is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or aryl group and z is 0, 1 or 2.
- Alkyl-phenols containing sulfur or the alkali or alkaline-earth metal salts thereof can also be used as antioxidant additives.
- Other classes of antioxidant additives are copper-containing compounds, for example copper thio- ou dithio-phosphate, salts of copper and carboxylic acids, dithiocarbamates, sulfonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates. The salts of copper I and II, the salts of succinic acid or anhydride can also be used.
- The lubricant compositions of the invention may also comprise any type of antioxidant known to persons skilled in the art.
- Advantageously, the lubricant composition comprises at least one ash-free antioxidant additive.
- Also advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention comprises from 0.1 to 2% by weight of at least one antioxidant additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
- The lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise at least one detergent additive.
- Detergent additives generally allow a reduction in the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts, by dissolving secondary products of oxidation and combustion.
- The detergent additives able to be used in the lubricant compositions of the invention are generally known to persons skilled in the art. The detergent additives can be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and hydrophobic head. The associated cation can be a metal cation of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal.
- The detergent additives are preferably selected from among the alkali or alkaline-earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulfonates, salicylates, naphthenates, and phenate salts. The alkali and alkaline-earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
- These metal salts generally comprise the metal in stoichiometric amount or in excess, i.e. in an amount greater than the stoichiometric amount. They are then overbased detergents; the excess metal imparting the overbased nature to the detergent additive is generally in the form of an oil-insoluble metal, for example carbonate, hydroxide, oxalate, acetate, glutamate, preferably carbonate.
- Advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise from 0.5 to 8%, or from 2 to 4% by weight of overbased detergent additive relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
- Also advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise a pour point depressant additive.
- By slowing the formation of wax crystals, the pour point depressant additive generally improves the cold-start properties of the lubricant composition of the invention.
- As examples of pour point depressant additives, mention can be made of alkyl polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalene, alkyl polystyrenes.
- Advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise a dispersant.
- Dispersants can be selected from among Mannich bases, succinimides, and derivatives thereof.
- Also advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise from to 10% by weight of dispersant relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
- Advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention may further comprise at least one other additional polymer improving the viscosity index. As examples of additional polymer improving the viscosity index, mention can be made of polymeric esters, the homopolymers or copolymers, whether or not hydrogenated, of styrene, butadiene, and isoprene, polymethacrylates (PMA). Also advantageously, the lubricant composition of the invention may comprise from 1 to 15% by weight of additive improving the viscosity index, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
- The lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise at least one thickening agent.
- The lubricant composition of the invention may also comprise a defoaming agent or demulsifying agent.
- Preferably, the lubricant composition of the invention further comprises at least one antiwear agent, in particular zinc-based, and particularly ZnDTP.
- In the present invention, by hybrid motor vehicle or vehicles equipped with a hybrid engine, it is meant vehicles having recourse to two separate sources of energy for powering.
- In particular, hybrid vehicles associate an internal combustion engine with an electric motor, said electric motor taking part in vehicle traction.
- The invention also relates to a method for reducing friction when a hybrid engine is used at low speed and/or when cold, which comprises the addition of a diester of the invention to the lubricant composition of said engine.
- The invention also relates to a method for reducing friction when a hybrid engine is used at low speed and/or when cold, which comprises the lubrication of said engine with a lubricant composition comprising a diester of the invention.
- The present application is described below with the aid of nonlimiting examples.
- The following lubricant compositions (CL: compositions of the invention, and CC: comparative compositions) were prepared following methods known to persons skilled in the art.
-
TABLE 2 CC1 CC2 CL1 CC3 CL2 (wt. %) (wt. %) (wt. %) (wt. %) (wt. %) Additive package 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 MoDTC 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 PPD 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Antioxidant 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Viscosity 0.4 0.8 0.8 1.3 1.5 modifier PAO 0 30 0 0 0 Ester of 0 0 30 0 20 formula (I) Base oil 85.7 55.3 55.3 84.8 64.6 Grade 0W12 0W12 0W12 0W12 0W12 -
TABLE 3 CC4 CL3 CC5 CL4 CC6 (wt. %) (wt. %) (wt. %) (wt. %) (wt. %) Additive package 13 13 12.6 12.6 12.6 MoDTC 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 PPD 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Viscosity 1.3 4 4 4 4 modifier PAO 0 0 0 0 20 Ester of 0 10 0 20 0 formula (I) Base oil 85 72.3 82.7 62.7 62.7 Grade 0W12 0W12 0W12 0W12 0W12 -
TABLE 4 CC7 CL5 CC8 (wt. %) (wt. %) (wt. %) Additive package 10.1 10.1 10.1 MoDTC 0.4 0.4 0.4 Viscosity modifier 6.7 6.7 5.8 Ester of formula (I) 0 20 0 Base oil 82.8 62.8 83.7 Grade 0W20 0W20 0W20 - A FMEP test bed (Friction Mean Effective Pressure) was used to measure engine friction. The engine was driven by a generator and the torque to be supplied by this generator was measured (this torque is therefore the image of engine friction).
- In this type of test, the engine does not therefore burn any fuel, it is just driven in exactly the same manner as in a vehicle engine braking situation.
- The properties of the test bed in terms of engine speed and temperature were the following:
-
- Speed: 900*-6000 rpm
- Oil temperature: 35-110° C.**
- Water temperature: 37-90° C.**
- 4 thermal conditions were tested:
-
- Engine oil temperature=37° C./Temperature of coolant=37° C.
- Engine oil temperature=50° C./Temperature of coolant=50° C.
- Engine oil temperature=80° C./Temperature of coolant=80° C.
- Engine oil temperature=110° C./Temperature of coolant=90° C.
- The sequences of tested engine speeds were the following:
- 900, 1450, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500
- For the test, complete mapping of engine friction was determined according to the different rotation speeds and different oil and water temperatures.
- The friction mapping obtained at the end of the test was composed of 8 engine speeds and 4 temperatures.
- The time required for this mapping was about 11 h.
- The results are expressed as a gain in mean coefficient of friction.
- This mapping was then compared with that of a so-called reference oil which was measured before and after the testing of the candidate oil to determine any drift from the test mean and integrate the same in the interpretation of results.
- The composition of the so-called reference oil was as follows:
-
TABLE 5 PAO 10.00 PAO 10.00 MoDTC 0.50 Pour point depressant 0.20 Base oil 61.70 Additive package 12.70 Amine antioxidant 0.50 Polymer improving the viscosity index 4.40 - It is with reference to this oil that the percentages for gain in friction were calculated.
- The results in terms of gain in friction compared with the reference oil are given in Tables 6 to 8 below.
-
TABLE 6 CC1 (%) CC2 (%) CL1 (%) CC3 (%) CL2 (%) 30° C. 1.42 1.06 3.38 1.20 3.35 50° C. 1.7 1.71 2.48 1.85 2.72 -
TABLE 7 CC4 (%) CL3 (%) CC5 (%) CL4 (%) CC6 (%) 30° C. 1.44 3.55 3.01 4.19 2.66 50° C. 1.27 2.93 2.67 2.88 2.25 -
TABLE 8 CC7 (%) CL5 (%) CC8 (%) 30° C. 3.89 6.25 0.2 50° C. 2.78 3.98 0.54 - The results show the capability of the ester of the invention to improve gains in friction over temperatures of between 30° C. and 50° C.
Claims (8)
1-7. (canceled)
8. A method for reducing friction when using a hybrid engine at low speed and/or when cold comprising the addition, to the lubricant composition of said engine, of a diester of formula (I)
Ra—C(O)—O—([C(R)2]a—O)b—C(O)—Rb (I)
Ra—C(O)—O—([C(R)2]a—O)b—C(O)—Rb (I)
where:
R, each independently, are a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
s is 1 or 2;
n is 1, 2 or 3, on the understanding that when s differs from 1, the n values can be the same or different;
Ra and Rb, the same or different, are each independently linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups, having a linear sequence of 6 to 18 carbon atoms;
provided that when s is 2 and n all the same are 2, at least one of the R groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and
provided that when s is 1 and n is 3, at least one of the R groups linked to the carbon at beta position of the oxygen atoms of the ester functions, is a hydrogen atom.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the diester is a diester of formula (I), where when s differs from 1, all the n values are the same.
10. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the diester is a diester of formula (I) where n is 2 or 3.
11. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the diester is a diester of formula (I) where at least one of the R groups is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
12. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the diester of formula (I) is a diester of following formula (I′):
Ra—C(O)—O—([C(R)2]n—O)—([C(R′)2]m—O)b-1—C(O)—Rb (I′)
Ra—C(O)—O—([C(R)2]n—O)—([C(R′)2]m—O)b-1—C(O)—Rb (I′)
where:
R and R′, each independently, are a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
s is 1 or 2;
n is 2;
m is 2;
Ra and Rb, the same or different, are each independently linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups having a linear sequence of 6 to 18 carbon atoms;
provided that when s is 2, at least one of the groups R or R′ is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
13. The method to claim 8 , wherein the diester is a compound of formula (I″a)
Ra—C(O)—O—CHR1—CHR2—O—CHR3—CHR4—O—C(O)—Rb (I″a)
Ra—C(O)—O—CHR1—CHR2—O—CHR3—CHR4—O—C(O)—Rb (I″a)
where:
one of the groups R1 and R2 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, the other being a hydrogen atom;
one of the groups R3 and R4 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, the other being a hydrogen atom,
Ra and Rb, the same or different, are such as defined in claim 8 .
14. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the diester of formula (I) is added in a proportion of 1 to 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
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FRFR2010736 | 2020-10-20 | ||
FR2010736A FR3115291B1 (en) | 2020-10-20 | 2020-10-20 | Use of dialkylene glycol ester to reduce friction in vehicles equipped with hybrid engines |
PCT/EP2021/078956 WO2022084320A1 (en) | 2020-10-20 | 2021-10-19 | Use of dialkylene glycol ester to reduce friction in vehicles with hybrid engines |
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US (1) | US20230383210A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4232534A1 (en) |
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3686243A (en) * | 1970-11-12 | 1972-08-22 | Texaco Inc | Process for preparation of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates |
US20120053100A1 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2012-03-01 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Fluid having improved lubricity properties |
US20190106651A1 (en) * | 2017-10-06 | 2019-04-11 | Chevron Japan Ltd. | Passenger car lubricating oil compositions for fuel economy |
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EP3074489A1 (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2016-10-05 | Basf Se | The use of polyalkylene glycol esters in lubricating oil compositions |
FR3069864B1 (en) | 2017-08-03 | 2019-08-16 | Total Marketing Services | LUBRICATING COMPOSITION COMPRISING A DIESTER |
FR3083244B1 (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2020-07-17 | Total Marketing Services | COMPOSITION FOR COOLING AND LUBRICATING A PROPULSION SYSTEM OF AN ELECTRIC OR HYBRID VEHICLE |
-
2020
- 2020-10-20 FR FR2010736A patent/FR3115291B1/en active Active
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2021
- 2021-10-19 US US18/032,599 patent/US20230383210A1/en active Pending
- 2021-10-19 EP EP21798327.9A patent/EP4232534A1/en active Pending
- 2021-10-19 WO PCT/EP2021/078956 patent/WO2022084320A1/en active Application Filing
- 2021-10-19 CN CN202180071897.5A patent/CN116472330A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3686243A (en) * | 1970-11-12 | 1972-08-22 | Texaco Inc | Process for preparation of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates |
US20120053100A1 (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2012-03-01 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Fluid having improved lubricity properties |
US20190106651A1 (en) * | 2017-10-06 | 2019-04-11 | Chevron Japan Ltd. | Passenger car lubricating oil compositions for fuel economy |
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CN116472330A (en) | 2023-07-21 |
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EP4232534A1 (en) | 2023-08-30 |
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