US20230258914A1

US20230258914A1 - Optical system, optical apparatus and method for manufacturing the optical system

Info

Publication number: US20230258914A1
Application number: US18/009,669
Authority: US
Inventors: Masashi Yamashita; Akino KONDO
Original assignee: Nikon Corp
Current assignee: Nikon Corp
Priority date: 2020-06-18
Filing date: 2021-04-12
Publication date: 2023-08-17
Also published as: JP7400974B2; WO2021256065A1; CN115769125A; JPWO2021256065A1; JP2024009261A

Abstract

This optical system (OL) has a first lens group (G1) having positive refractory power, a second lens group (G2), a third lens group (G3), and a fourth lens group (G4) which are aligned in order from an object side along an optical axis, wherein when focused from an infinity object to a short-distance object, the second lens group (G2) and the third lens group (G3) move in mutually different trajectories along the optical axis, and the second lens group (G2) and the third lens group (G3) are composed of three or less lenses in total.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an optical system, an optical apparatus, and a method for manufacturing the optical system.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

Conventionally, an optical system suitable for a digital still camera, a video camera and the like have been proposed (for example, see Patent literature 1). Such an optical system is required to maintain an excellent optical performance from focusing on infinity to focusing on a short distance object.

PRIOR ARTS LIST

Patent Document

Patent literature 1: Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2019-194630(A)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An optical system according to a first present invention comprises, in order from an object on an optical axis: a first lens group having a positive refractive power; a second lens group; a third lens group; and a fourth lens group, wherein upon focusing from an infinity object to a short distance object, the second lens group and the third lens group move along the optical axis respectively on trajectories different from each other, and the second lens group and the third lens group collectively include three lenses or less.
An optical system according to a second present invention comprises, in order from an object on an optical axis: a first lens group having a positive refractive power; a second lens group; a third lens group; and a fourth lens group, wherein upon focusing from an infinity object to a short distance object, the second lens group and the third lens group move along the optical axis respectively on trajectories different from each other, and the following conditional expression is satisfied,
0.010<(Δ×2A+Δ×3A)/D1<0.200
where Δ×2A: an absolute value of an amount of movement of the second lens group upon focusing from an infinity object to a short distance object,
Δ×3A: an absolute value of an amount of movement of the third lens group upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object, and
D1: a length of the first lens group on the optical axis.
An optical apparatus according to the present invention comprises the optical system described above.
A method for manufacturing an optical system comprising, in order from an object on an optical axis: a first lens group having a positive refractive power; a second lens group; a third lens group; and a fourth lens group according to the present invention, comprises a step of disposing the first to the fourth lens groups in a lens barrel so that:

- upon focusing from an infinity object to a short distance object, the second lens group and the third lens group move along the optical axis respectively on trajectories different from each other, and the second lens group and the third lens group collectively include three lenses or less.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a lens configuration of an optical system according to First Example.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are various aberration graphs of the optical system according to First Example upon focusing on infinity and upon focusing on a short distance object.

FIG. 3 shows a lens configuration of an optical system according to Second Example.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are various aberration graphs of the optical system according to Second Example upon focusing on infinity and upon focusing on a short distance object.

FIG. 5 shows a lens configuration of an optical system according to Third Example.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are various aberration graphs of the optical system according to Third Example upon focusing on infinity and upon focusing on a short distance object.

FIG. 7 shows a lens configuration of an optical system according to Fourth Example.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are various aberration graphs of the optical system according to Fourth Example upon focusing on infinity and upon focusing on a short distance object.

FIG. 9 shows a lens configuration of an optical system according to Fifth Example.

FIGS. 10A and 10B are various aberration graphs of the optical system according to Fifth Example upon focusing on infinity and upon focusing on a short distance object.

FIG. 11 shows a configuration of a camera that includes the optical system according to each embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing the optical system according to each embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments according to the present invention are described. First, a camera (optical apparatus) that includes an optical system according to each embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 11 . As shown in FIG. 11 , the camera 1 includes a main body 2, and a photographing lens 3 attached to the main body 2. The main body 2 includes an image-pickup element 4, a main body controller (not shown) that controls the operation of the digital camera, and a liquid crystal screen 5. The photographing lens 3 includes: an optical system OL that consists of a plurality of lens groups; and a lens position control mechanism (not shown) that controls the position of each lens group. The lens position control mechanism includes: sensors that detect the positions of the lens groups; motors that move the lens groups forward and backward along the optical axis; and a control circuit that drives the motors.
Light from a subject is collected by the optical system OL of the photographing lens 3, and reaches an image surface I of the image-pickup element 4. The light having reached the image surface I from the subject is photoelectrically converted by the image-pickup element 4 into digital image data, which is recorded in a memory, not show. The digital image data recorded in the memory can be displayed on the liquid crystal screen 5 in response to the operation of a user. Note that the camera may be a mirrorless camera, or a single-lens reflex camera that includes a quick return mirror. The optical system OL shown in FIG. 11 is the schematically shown optical system included in the photographing lens 3. The lens configuration of the optical system OL is not limited to this configuration.
Next, an optical system according to a first embodiment is described. As shown in FIG. 1 , an optical system OL(1) that is an example of an optical system (photographing lens) OL according to the first embodiment comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a first lens group G1 having a positive refractive power; a second lens group G2; a third lens group G3; and a fourth lens group G4. Upon focusing from an infinity object to a short distance object, the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 move along the optical axis respectively on trajectories different from each other. The second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 collectively include three lenses or less.
According to the first embodiment, the optical system that has an excellent optical performance from focusing on infinity to focusing on the short distance object, and the optical apparatus that comprises the optical system. The optical system OL according to the first embodiment may be the optical system OL(2) shown in FIG. 3 , the optical system OL(3) shown in FIG. 5 , the optical system OL(4) shown in FIG. 7 , or the optical system OL(5) shown in FIG. 9 .
Next, an optical system according to a second embodiment is described. As shown in FIG. 1 , an optical system OL(1) that is an example of an optical system (photographing lens) OL according to the second embodiment comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a first lens group G1 having a positive refractive power; a second lens group G2; a third lens group G3; and a fourth lens group G4. Upon focusing from an infinity object to a short distance object, the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 move along the optical axis respectively on trajectories different from each other.
As to the configuration described above, the optical system OL according to the second embodiment satisfies the following conditional expression (1).
0.010<(Δ×2A+Δ×3A)/D1<0.200 (1)
where Δ×2A: an absolute value of an amount of movement of the second lens group G2 upon focusing from an infinity object to a short distance object,
Δ×3A: an absolute value of an amount of movement of the third lens group G3 upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object, and
D1: a length of the first lens group G1 on the optical axis.
The second embodiment can achieve the optical system that has an excellent optical performance from focusing on infinity to focusing on the short distance object, and the optical apparatus that comprises the optical system. The optical system OL according to the second embodiment may be the optical system OL(2) shown in FIG. 3 , the optical system OL(3) shown in FIG. 5 , the optical system OL(4) shown in FIG. 7 , or the optical system OL(5) shown in FIG. 9 .
The conditional expression (1) defines an appropriate relationship between the sum of the amount of movement of the second lens group G2 and the amount of movement of the third lens group G3 upon focusing, and the length of the first lens group G1 on the optical axis. By satisfying the conditional expression (1), the aberration fluctuation upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object can be suppressed.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (1) falls below the lower limit value, the amounts of movement of the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 that perform focusing become small. Accordingly, the powers of the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 tend to be high. Consequently, it is difficult to suppress aberration fluctuation upon focusing. By setting the lower limit value of the conditional expression (1) to 0.015, 0.020, 0.025, 0.030, 0.035, 0.040, or further to 0.042, the advantageous effects of this embodiment can be more secured.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (1) exceeds the upper limit value, the first lens group G1 becomes short. Accordingly, the power of the first lens group G1 tends to be high. Consequently, it is difficult to correct various aberrations, such as the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the spherical aberration. By setting the upper limit value of the conditional expression (1) to 0.175, 0.160, 0.150, 0.125, 0.115, 0.110, or further to 0.100, the advantageous effects of this embodiment can be more secured.
Preferably, the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment satisfy the following conditional expression (2).
−0.20<Δ×2/f2<0.00 (2)
where Δ×2: an amount of movement of the second lens group G2 (a sign of an amount of movement toward an image surface is + and a sign of the amount of movement toward the object is −) upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object, and
f2: a focal length of the second lens group G2.
The conditional expression (2) defines an appropriate relationship between the amount of movement of the second lens group G2 upon focusing and the focal length of the second lens group G2. By satisfying the conditional expression (2), the aberration fluctuation upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object can be suppressed.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (2) falls below the lower limit value, the power of the second lens group G2 that performs focusing becomes high. Accordingly, it is difficult to suppress aberration fluctuation upon focusing. Furthermore, the amount of movement of the second lens group G2 that performs focusing becomes large, which increases the entire length of the optical system OL. For suppressing increase in the entire length of the optical system OL, it is required to shorten the first lens group G1 and increase the power of the first lens group G1, for example. Accordingly, it is difficult to correct the various aberrations, such as the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the spherical aberration. By setting the lower limit value of the conditional expression (2) to −0.18, −0.15, −0.13, −0.10, −0.09, or further to −0.08, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (2) reaches the upper limit value, it becomes difficult to secure the power or the amount of movement of the second lens group G2 that performs focusing. Accordingly, it is not preferable. By setting the upper limit value of the conditional expression (2) to −0.01, or further to −0.02, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
Preferably, the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment satisfy the following conditional expression (3).
−0.20<Δ×3/f3<0.00 (3)
where Δ×3: an amount of movement of the third lens group G3 (a sign of an amount of movement toward an image surface is + and a sign of the amount of movement toward the object is −) upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object, and
f3: a focal length of the third lens group G3.
The conditional expression (3) defines an appropriate relationship between the amount of movement of the third lens group G3 upon focusing and the focal length of the third lens group G3. By satisfying the conditional expression (3), the aberration fluctuation upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object can be suppressed.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (3) falls below the lower limit value, the power of the third lens group G3 that performs focusing becomes high. Accordingly, it is difficult to suppress aberration fluctuation upon focusing. Furthermore, the amount of movement of the third lens group G3 that performs focusing becomes large, which increases the entire length of the optical system OL. For suppressing increase in the entire length of the optical system OL, it is required to shorten the first lens group G1 and increase the power of the first lens group G1, for example. Accordingly, it is difficult to correct the various aberrations, such as the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the spherical aberration. By setting the lower limit value of the conditional expression (3) to −0.18, −0.16, or further to −0.15, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (3) reaches the upper limit value, it becomes difficult to secure the power or the amount of movement of the third lens group G3 that performs focusing. Accordingly, it is not preferable. By setting the upper limit value of the conditional expression (3) to −0.01, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
Preferably, the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment satisfy the following conditional expression (4).
1.00<f2/(−f3)<4.00 (4)
where f2: a focal length of the second lens group G2, and
f3: a focal length of the third lens group G3.
The conditional expression (4) defines an appropriate relationship between the focal length of the second lens group G2 and the focal length of the third lens group G3. By satisfying the conditional expression (4), the aberration fluctuation upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object can be suppressed.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (4) falls below the lower limit value, the power of the second lens group G2 that performs focusing becomes high. Accordingly, it is difficult to suppress aberration fluctuation upon focusing. By setting the lower limit value of the conditional expression (4) to 1.05, 1.10, 1.15, 1.20, 1.25, 1.30, or further to 1.35, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (4) exceeds the upper limit value, the power of the third lens group G3 that performs focusing becomes high. Accordingly, it is difficult to suppress aberration fluctuation upon focusing. By setting the upper limit value of the conditional expression (4) to 3.80, 3.50, 3.25, 3.00, 2.85, 2.80, 2.75, or further to 2.70, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
Preferably, the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment satisfy the following conditional expression (5).
−3.00<Δ×2/Δ×3<−0.20 (5)
where Δ×2: an amount of movement of the second lens group G2 (a sign of an amount of movement toward an image surface is + and a sign of the amount of movement toward the object is −) upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object, and
Δ×3: an amount of movement of the third lens group G3 (a sign of an amount of movement toward an image surface is + and a sign of the amount of movement toward the object is −) upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object.
The conditional expression (5) defines an appropriate relationship between the amount of movement of the second lens group G2 upon focusing and the amount of movement of the third lens group G3 upon focusing. By satisfying the conditional expression (5), the various aberrations, such as the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the spherical aberration, can be favorably corrected.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (5) falls below the lower limit value, the amount of movement of the second lens group G2 that performs focusing becomes large, which increases the entire length of the optical system OL. For suppressing increase in the entire length of the optical system OL, it is required to shorten the first lens group G1 and increase the power of the first lens group G1, for example. Accordingly, it is difficult to correct the various aberrations, such as the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the spherical aberration. By setting the lower limit value of the conditional expression (5) to −2.85, −2.70, −2.60, −2.50, −2.45, or further to −2.40, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (5) exceeds the upper limit value, the amount of movement of the third lens group G3 that performs focusing becomes large, which increases the entire length of the optical system OL. For suppressing increase in the entire length of the optical system OL, it is required to shorten the first lens group G1 and increase the power of the first lens group G1, for example. Accordingly, it is difficult to correct the various aberrations, such as the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the spherical aberration. By setting the upper limit value of the conditional expression (5) to −0.25, −0.30, −0.35, −0.40, −0.45, or further to −0.50, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
Preferably, in the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the fourth lens group G4 comprises a vibration-proof group that has a negative refractive power and is movable so as to have a displacement component in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis to correct an image blur. Accordingly, the aberration fluctuation during image blur correction can be suppressed.
Preferably, in the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the vibration-proof group comprises two or more lenses. Accordingly, the aberration fluctuation during image blur correction can be suppressed.
Preferably, the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment satisfy the following conditional expression (6).
−8.50<f1/fVR<−3.00 (6)
where f1: a focal length of the first lens group G1, and
fVR: a focal length of the vibration-proof group.
The conditional expression (6) defines an appropriate relationship between the focal length of the first lens group G1 and the focal length of the vibration-proof group. By satisfying the conditional expression (6), the aberration fluctuation during image blur correction can be suppressed.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (6) falls below the lower limit value, the power of the vibration-proof group becomes high. Accordingly, it is difficult to suppress aberration fluctuation during image blur correction. By setting the lower limit value of the conditional expression (6) to −8.25, −8.10, −8.00, −7.85, −7.70, −7.50, −7.30, or further to −7.25, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (6) exceeds the upper limit value, the power of the first lens group G1 becomes high. Accordingly, it is difficult to correct various aberrations, such as the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the spherical aberration. By setting the upper limit value of the conditional expression (6) to −3.15, −3.30, −3.50, −3.65, −3.80, −4.00, −4.10, −4.20, or further to −4.25, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
Preferably, the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment satisfy the following conditional expression (7).
0.45<β2<0.80 (7)
where β2: a magnification of the second lens group G2 upon focusing on the infinity object.
The conditional expression (7) defines an appropriate range of the magnification of the second lens group G2 upon focusing on the infinity object. By satisfying the conditional expression (7), fluctuation of the various aberrations including the spherical aberration upon focusing can be suppressed.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (7) falls below the lower limit value, it is difficult to suppress fluctuation in various aberrations upon focusing. By setting the lower limit value of the conditional expression (7) to 0.46, 0.47, 0.48, or further to 0.49, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (7) exceeds the upper limit value, it is difficult to suppress fluctuation in various aberrations upon focusing. By setting the upper limit value of the conditional expression (7) to 0.78, 0.75, 0.73, or further to 0.70, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
Preferably, the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment satisfy the following conditional expression (8).
0.20<1/β3<0.50 (8)
where β3: a magnification of the third lens group G3 upon focusing on the infinity object.
The conditional expression (8) defines an appropriate range of the magnification of the third lens group G3 upon focusing on the infinity object. By satisfying the conditional expression (8), fluctuation of the various aberrations including the spherical aberration upon focusing can be suppressed.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (8) falls below the lower limit value, it is difficult to suppress variation in various aberrations upon focusing. By setting the lower limit value of the conditional expression (8) to 0.22, 0.24, 0.25, or further to 0.26, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (8) exceeds the upper limit value, it is difficult to suppress fluctuation in various aberrations upon focusing. By setting the upper limit value of the conditional expression (8) to 0.48, 0.46, 0.45, or further to 0.44, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
Preferably, the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment satisfy the following conditional expression (9).
{β2+(1/β2)}⁻²<0.25 (9)
where β2: a magnification of the second lens group G2 upon focusing on the infinity object.
The conditional expression (9) defines an appropriate range of the magnification of the second lens group G2 upon focusing on the infinity object. By satisfying the conditional expression (9), the amount of movement of the focusing group can be reduced, while suppressing the fluctuation in the various aberrations, such as the spherical aberration, the distortion, and the coma aberration, upon focusing.
Preferably, the corresponding value of the conditional expression (9) is in the conditional expression range. If the lower limit value of the conditional expression (9) is set to 0.10, 0.12, 0.14, or further to 0.15, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (9) exceeds the upper limit value, it is difficult to suppress fluctuation in various aberrations upon focusing. By setting the upper limit value of the conditional expression (9) to 0.24, or further to 0.23, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
Preferably, the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment satisfy the following conditional expression (10).
{β3+(1/β3)}⁻²<0.18 (10)
where β3: a magnification of the third lens group G3 upon focusing on the infinity object.
The conditional expression (10) defines an appropriate range of the magnification of the third lens group G3 upon focusing on the infinity object. By satisfying the conditional expression (10), the amount of movement of the focusing group can be reduced, while suppressing the fluctuation in the various aberrations, such as the spherical aberration, the distortion, and the coma aberration, upon focusing.
Preferably, the corresponding value of the conditional expression (10) is in the conditional expression range. If the lower limit value of the conditional expression (10) is set to 0.03, or further to 0.05, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (10) exceeds the upper limit value, it is difficult to suppress fluctuation in various aberrations upon focusing. By setting the upper limit value of the conditional expression (10) to 0.16, 0.15, or further to 0.14, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
Preferably, in the optical systems OL in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the first lens group G1 comprises a positive lens (L15) satisfying the following conditional expressions (11) to (13).
ndL1+(0.01425×vdL1)<2.12 (11)
vdL1<35.00 (12)
0.702<θgFL1+(0.00316×vdL1) (13)
where ndL1: a refractive index of the positive lens for d-line,
vdL1: an Abbe number of the positive lens with reference to d-line, and
θgFL1: a partial dispersion ratio of the positive lens, the partial dispersion ratio being defined by the following expression, assuming that a refractive index of the positive lens for g-line is ngL1, a refractive index of the positive lens for F-line is nFL1, and a refractive index of the positive lens for C-line is nCL1,
θgFL1=(ngL1−nFL1)/(nFL1−nCL1).
Note that the Abbe number vdL1 of the positive lens with reference to d-line is defined by the following expression.
vdL1=(ndL1−1)/(nFL1−nCL1)
The conditional expression (11) defines an appropriate relationship between the refractive index of the positive lens in the first lens group G1 for d-line, and the Abbe number of the positive lens with reference to d-line. By satisfying the conditional expression (11), correction of the reference aberrations, such as the spherical aberration and the coma aberration, and correction (achromatization) of the primary chromatic aberration can be favorably performed.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (11) exceeds the upper limit value, the Petzval sum becomes small, and the correction of the curvature of field becomes difficult, for example. Accordingly, it is not preferable. By setting the upper limit value of the conditional expression (11) to 2.11, 2.10, 2.09, 2.08, 2.07, or further to 2.06, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
The lower limit value of the conditional expression (11) may be set to 1.83. If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (11) falls below the lower limit value, correction of the reference aberrations and the chromatic aberrations becomes excessive. Accordingly, it is not preferable. By setting the lower limit value of the conditional expression (11) to 1.85, 1.90, 1.95, or further to 1.98, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
The conditional expression (12) defines an appropriate range of the Abbe number of the positive lens in the first lens group G1 with reference to d-line. By satisfying the conditional expression (12), correction of the reference aberrations, such as the spherical aberration and the coma aberration, and correction (achromatization) of the primary chromatic aberration can be favorably performed.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (12) exceeds the upper limit value, correction of the longitudinal chromatic aberration becomes difficult in the lens group disposed closer to the image surface than the positive lens, for example. Accordingly, it is not preferable. By setting the upper limit value of the conditional expression (12) to 32.50, 32.00, 31.50, 31.00, 30.50, 30.00, or further to 29.50, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
The lower limit value of the conditional expression (12) may be set to 18.00. If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (12) falls below the lower limit value, correction of the reference aberrations and the chromatic aberrations becomes excessive. Accordingly, it is not preferable. By setting the lower limit value of the conditional expression (12) to 18.50, 19.00, 19.50, or further to 20.00, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
The conditional expression (13) appropriately defines the anomalous dispersion characteristics of the positive lens in the first lens group G1. By satisfying the conditional expression (13), the secondary spectrum in addition to the primary achromatization can be favorably corrected in correction of chromatic aberrations.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (13) falls below the lower limit value, the anomalous dispersion characteristics of the positive lens decrease. Accordingly, correction of the chromatic aberrations is difficult. By setting the lower limit value of the conditional expression (13) to 0.704, 0.708, 0.710, 0.712, or further to 0.715, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
The upper limit value of the conditional expression (13) may be set to 0.900. If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (13) exceeds the upper limit value, correction of the chromatic aberrations becomes excessive. Accordingly, it is not preferable. By setting the upper limit value of the conditional expression (13) to 0.880, 0.850, 0.825, or further to 0.800, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
Preferably, the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment comprises lenses (L12 and L13) that satisfy the following conditional expression (14). Note that for discrimination from the other lenses, the lenses satisfying the conditional expression (14) are sometimes called specified lenses.
80.00<vdL2 (14)
where vdL2: an Abbe number of the specified lens with reference to d-line.
The conditional expression (14) defines an appropriate range of the Abbe number of the specified lens with reference to d-line. By satisfying the conditional expression (14), the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the chromatic aberration of magnification can be favorably corrected.
If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (14) falls below the lower limit value, it is difficult to correct the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the chromatic aberration of magnification. By setting the lower limit value of the conditional expression (14) to 81.00, 81.80, 82.50, 84.00, 85.50, 87.00, or further to 90.00, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
The upper limit value of the conditional expression (14) may be set to 110.00. If the corresponding value of the conditional expression (14) exceeds the upper limit value, correction of the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the chromatic aberration of magnification becomes excessive. Accordingly, it is not preferable. By setting the upper limit value of the conditional expression (14) to 107.50, 105.00, 102.50, 100.00, further to 98.00, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
Preferably, the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment satisfy the following conditional expression (15).
3.50°<2ω<8.50° (15)
where 2ω: a full angle of view of the optical system OL.
The conditional expression (15) defines an appropriate range of the full angle of view of the optical system OL. By satisfying the conditional expression (15), the telescopic optical system having a long focal length can be obtained. Accordingly, it is preferable. By setting the lower limit value of the conditional expression (15) to 3.80°, or further to 4.00°, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured. By setting the upper limit value of the conditional expression (15) to 8.00°, 7.50°, 7.00°, or further to 6.50°, the advantageous effects of each embodiment can be more secured.
Preferably, in the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object, the second lens group G2 moves along the optical axis toward the object, and the third lens group G3 moves along the optical axis toward the image surface. Accordingly, the aberration fluctuation upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object can be preferably corrected. The space for the optical system OL can be effectively used. The entire length of the optical system OL can be short while maintaining a favorable optical performance.
Preferably, in the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the second lens group G2 consists of one lens. Since the second lens group G2 thus decreases in weight, focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object can be performed at high speed. The lens diameter is not required to be reduced for reducing the weight of the focusing group. Accordingly, the various aberrations, such as the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the spherical aberration, can be favorably corrected without making the power of the first lens group G1 too high, for example.
Preferably, in the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the third lens group G3 consists of one lens component. Since the third lens group G3 thus decreases in weight, focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object can be performed at high speed. The lens diameter is not required to be reduced for reducing the weight of the focusing group. Accordingly, the various aberrations, such as the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the spherical aberration, can be favorably corrected without making the power of the first lens group G1 too high, for example. Note that in each embodiment, the lens component indicates a single lens or a cemented lens.
Preferably, the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment comprise a stop (aperture stop S) disposed closer to the image surface than the second lens group G2. The stop is thus disposed at the site where the diameter of the light flux is small, thereby allowing the outer diameter of the lens barrel to be small.
Furthermore, it is preferable that the stop (aperture stop S) be disposed closer to the image surface than the third lens group G3. The stop is thus disposed at the site where the diameter of the light flux is small, thereby allowing the outer diameter of the lens barrel to be small.
In the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the second lens group G2 is a first focusing lens group that moves upon focusing. The first focusing lens group may have a positive refractive power, or a negative refractive power. The third lens group G3 is a second focusing lens group that moves upon focusing. The second focusing lens group may have a positive refractive power, or a negative refractive power.
In the optical systems OL according to the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the second lens group G2 is the first focusing lens group that moves upon focusing, and the third lens group G3 is the second focusing lens group that moves upon focusing. One or more lenses that have a positive or negative refractive power may be provided between the first focusing lens group and the second focusing lens group.
Subsequently, referring to FIG. 12 , a method for manufacturing the optical system OL according to the first embodiment is schematically described. First, on the optical axis in order from the object, a first lens group G1 having a positive refractive power, a second lens group G2, a third lens group G3, and a fourth lens group G4 are disposed (step ST1). Next, it is configured so that upon focusing from an infinity object to a short distance object, the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 move along the optical axis respectively on trajectories different from each other (step ST2). The lenses are disposed in the lens barrel so that the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 collectively include three lenses or less. According to such a manufacturing method, the optical system that has an excellent optical performance from focusing on infinity to focusing on the short distance object can be manufactured. Subsequently, similar to the case of the first embodiment, referring to FIG. 12 , a method for manufacturing the optical system OL according to the second embodiment is schematically described. First, on the optical axis in order from the object, a first lens group G1 having a positive refractive power, a second lens group G2, a third lens group G3, and a fourth lens group G4 are disposed (step ST1). Next, it is configured so that upon focusing from an infinity object to a short distance object, the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 move along the optical axis respectively on trajectories different from each other (step ST2). The lenses are disposed in the lens barrel so as to satisfy at least the conditional expression (1). According to such a manufacturing method, the optical system that has an excellent optical performance from focusing on infinity to focusing on the short distance object can be manufactured.

EXAMPLES

Hereinafter, optical systems OL according to Examples of each embodiment are described with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 are sectional views showing the configurations and refractive power allocations of the optical systems OL {OL(1) to OL(5)} according to First to Fifth Examples. In the sectional views of the optical systems OL(1) to OL(5) according to First to Fifth Examples, the moving directions of the second lens group and the third lens group along the optical axis upon focusing from infinity to the short distance object are indicated by arrows accompanied by characters of “FOCUSING”. The moving direction of part of the fourth lens group that serves as a vibration-proof group during image blur correction is indicated by an arrow accompanied by characters of “VIBRATION-PROOF”.
In FIGS. 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 , each lens group is represented by a combination of a symbol G and a numeral, and each lens is represented by a combination of a symbol L and a numeral. In this case, to prevent complication due to increase in the types and numbers of symbols and numerals, the lens groups and the like are represented using the combinations of symbols and numerals independently for each Example. Accordingly, even when the same combination of a symbol and a numeral is used among Examples, such usage does not necessarily mean the same configuration.
Hereinafter, Tables 1 to 5 are shown. Among these tables, Table 1 is a table showing each data item in First Example, Table 2 is that in Second Example, Table 3 is that in Third Example, Table 4 is that in Fourth Example, and Table 5 is that in Fifth Example. In each Example, for calculation of aberration characteristics, d-line (wavelength λ=587.6 nm), and g-line (wavelength λ=435.8 nm) are selected.
In the table of [General Data], f indicates the focal length of the entire lens system, FNO indicates the f-number, 2ω indicates the angle of view (the unit is ° (degree), ω indicates the half angle of view), and Y indicates the image height. TL indicates a distance obtained by adding Bf to the distance from the lens foremost surface to the lens last surface on the optical axis upon focusing on infinity. Bf indicates the distance (back focus) from the lens last surface to the image surface I on the optical axis upon focusing on infinity. In the table of [General Data], fVR indicates the focal length of the vibration-proof group. Δ×2 indicates the amount of movement of the second lens group upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object. Δ×3 indicates the amount of movement of the third lens group upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object. As for the amount of movement of the lens group, the sign of the amount of movement toward the image surface is +, and the sign of the amount of movement toward the object is −. β2 indicates the magnification of the second lens group upon focusing on the infinity object. β3 is the magnification of the third lens group upon focusing on the infinity object.
In the table of [Lens Data], Surface Number indicates the order of the optical surface from the object side along the direction in which the ray travels, R indicates the radius of curvature (the surface whose center of curvature resides on the image side is regarded to have a positive value) of each optical surface, D indicates the surface distance that is the distance on the optical axis from each optical surface to the next optical surface (or the image surface), nd is the refractive index of the material of the optical member for d-line, vd indicates the Abbe number of the material of the optical member with reference to d-line, and θgF is the partial dispersion ratio of the material of the optical member. The radius of curvature “∞” indicates a plane or an opening. (Stop S) indicates an aperture stop S. The description of the air refractive index nd=1.00000 is omitted.
The refractive index of the material of the optical member for g-line (wavelength λ=435.8 nm) is ng, the refractive index of the material of the optical member for F-line (wavelength λ=486.1 nm) is nF, and the refractive index of the material of the optical member for C-line (wavelength λ=656.3 nm) is nC. In this case, the partial dispersion ratio θgF of the material of the optical member is defined by the following expression (A).
θgF=(ng−nF)/(nF−nC) (A)
The table of [Variable Distance Data] shows the surface distance at each surface number i where the surface distance is (Di) in the table of [Lens Data]. In the table of [Variable Distance Data], f indicates the focal length of the entire lens system, and β indicates the photographing magnification.
The table of [Lens Group Data] shows the first surface (the surface closest to the object) and the focal length of each lens group.
Hereinafter, at all the data values, the listed focal length f, radius of curvature R, surface distance D, other lengths and the like are generally represented in “mm” if not otherwise specified. However, even after subjected to proportional scaling in or out, the optical system can achieve equivalent optical performances. Accordingly, the representation is not limited to this example.
The descriptions of the tables so far are common to all Examples. Redundant descriptions are hereinafter omitted.

First Example

First Example is described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2A and 2B and Table 1. FIG. 1 shows a lens configuration of an optical system according to First Example. The optical system OL(1) according to First Example comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a first lens group G1 having a positive refractive power; a second lens group G2 having a positive refractive power; a third lens group G3 having a negative refractive power; and a fourth lens group G4 having a positive refractive power. Upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object, the second lens group G2 moves toward the object along the optical axis, the third lens group G3 moves toward the image along the optical axis, and the distance between the neighboring lens groups changes. Note that upon focusing, the first lens group G1 and the fourth lens group G4 are fixed with respect to the image surface I. The aperture stop S is disposed between the third lens group G3 and the fourth lens group G4. The sign (+) or (−) assigned to each lens group symbol indicates the refractive power of the corresponding lens group. This indication similarly applies to all the following Examples.
The first lens group G1 comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a biconvex positive lens L11; a positive meniscus lens L12 having a convex surface facing the object; a biconvex positive lens L13; a biconcave negative lens L14; a biconvex positive lens L15; and a cemented lens including a biconcave negative lens L16 and a positive meniscus lens L17 having a convex surface facing the object.
The second lens group G2 consists of a positive meniscus lens L21 having a convex surface facing the object. The third lens group G3 consists of negative meniscus lens L31 having a convex surface facing the object. That is, the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 collectively consists of two lenses.
The fourth lens group G4 comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a biconcave negative lens L41; a cemented lens including a positive meniscus lens L42 having a concave surface facing the object and a biconcave negative lens L43; a biconvex positive lens L44; a biconvex positive lens L45; a cemented lens including a negative meniscus lens L46 having a convex surface facing the object and a biconvex positive lens L47; and a biconcave negative lens L48. An optical filter FL is disposed between the positive lens L45 and the negative meniscus lens L46 (of the cemented lens) in the fourth lens group G4. An image surface I is disposed on the image side of the fourth lens group G4.
In this Example, the negative lens L41 of the fourth lens group G4, the positive meniscus lens L42, and the negative lens L43 constitute a vibration-proof group that is movable in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and correct the displacement (an image blur on the image surface I) of the imaging position due to camera shakes and the like. The positive lens L15 of the first lens group G1 corresponds to a positive lens that satisfies the aforementioned conditional expressions (11) to (13). The positive meniscus lens L12, the positive lens L13 and the positive meniscus lens L17 of the first lens group G1, the positive meniscus lens L21 of the second lens group G2, and the negative lens L43 of the fourth lens group G4 correspond to lenses (specified lenses) that satisfy the conditional expression (14) described above.
The following Table 1 lists values of data on the optical system according to First Example.

TABLE 1

[General Data]

f = 390.00001	fVR = −65.65418
FNO = 2. 90297	Δx2 = −11.7496
2ω = 6.29588	Δx3 = 7. 7093
Y = 21.60	β2 = 0.63393
TL = 405.3186	β3 = 2.52874
Bf = 54.0003

[Lens Data]

Surface
Number	R	D	nd	νd	θgF

1	439.8093	8.2000	1.518600	69.89	0.532
2	−1741.2521	0.1000
3	222.5379	12.0000	1.433852	95.25	0.540
4	1393.9654	97.1809
5	139.4073	11.0000	1.433852	95.25	0.540
6	−380.4635	0.1050
7	−416.7878	3.0000	1.683760	37.64	0.578
8	192.2903	59.0562
9	102.4273	6.6000	1.663820	27.35	0.632
10	−401.4769	0.1362
11	−360.0793	1.8000	1.737999	32.26	0.590
12	58.7393	8.8000	1.497820	82.57	0.539
13	1167.4655	(D13)
14	83.8395	6.2000	1.497820	82.57	0.539
15	10090.0640	(D15)
16	690.6259	1.8000	1.755000	52.33	0.548
17	60.0805	(D17)

18

∞

7.0861

(Aperture Stop S)

19	−246.8276	1.8000	1.910822	35.25	0.582
20	116.7166	3.8112
21	−73.3878	4.1000	1.846663	23.78	0.619
22	−39.7299	1.8000	1.497820	82.57	0.539
23	433.0885	4.6000
24	89.2307	3.8000	1.612660	44.46	0.564
25	−1734.6597	40.2586
26	55.6338	5.5000	1.696800	55.52	0.543
27	−779.8112	10.0000
28	∞	1.5000	1.516800	63.88	0.536
29	∞	0.1000
30	63.5589	1.5000	1.804000	46.60	0.557
31	26.0339	8.8000	1.612660	44.46	0.564
32	−212.3772	4.7866
33	−69.8293	1.5000	2.000694	25.46	0.614
34	198.2621	Bf

[Variable Distance Data]

		Upon
		focusing on
	Upon	an
	focusing	intermediate	Upon focusing on
	on infinity	distance	a very short
	f =	object	distance object
	390.00001	β = −0.0333	β = −0.1682

D13	16.0689	13.7323	23.5588
D15	4.1000	8.0022	23.4588
D17	14.2286	12.6630	6.5193

[Lens Group Data]

	First	Focal
Group	surface	length

G1	1	282.01395
G2	14	169.78939
G3	16	−87.26627
G4	19	310.88872

FIG. 2A shows graphs of various aberrations of an optical system upon focusing on infinity according to First Example. FIG. 2B shows graphs of various aberrations of the optical system upon focusing on the short distance object according to First Example. In each aberration graph upon focusing on infinity, FNO indicates the f-number, and Y indicates the image height. In each aberration graph upon focusing on the short distance object, NA indicates the numerical aperture, and Y indicates the image height. Note that the spherical aberration graph indicates the value of the f-number or the numerical aperture that corresponds to the maximum aperture. The astigmatism graph and the distortion graph each indicate the maximum value of the image height. The coma aberration graph indicates the value of the corresponding image height. The symbol d indicates d-line (wavelength λ=587.6 nm). The symbol g indicates g-line (wavelength λ=435.8 nm). In the astigmatism graph, a solid line indicates a sagittal image surface, and a broken line indicates a meridional image surface. Note that also in the aberration graphs in the following Examples, symbols similar to those in this Example are used, and redundant description is omitted.
The various aberration graphs show that in the optical system according to First Example, over the entire range from focusing on infinity to focusing on the short distance object, the various aberrations are favorably corrected, and an excellent imaging performance is achieved.

Second Example

Second Example is described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4A and 4B and Table 2. FIG. 3 shows a lens configuration of an optical system according to Second Example. The optical system OL(2) according to Second Example comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a first lens group G1 having a positive refractive power; a second lens group G2 having a positive refractive power; a third lens group G3 having a negative refractive power; and a fourth lens group G4 having a positive refractive power. Upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object, the second lens group G2 moves toward the object along the optical axis, the third lens group G3 moves toward the image along the optical axis, and the distance between the neighboring lens groups changes. Note that upon focusing, the first lens group G1 and the fourth lens group G4 are fixed with respect to the image surface I. The aperture stop S is disposed between the third lens group G3 and the fourth lens group G4.
The first lens group G1 comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a biconvex positive lens L11; a positive meniscus lens L12 having a convex surface facing the object; a biconvex positive lens L13; a biconcave negative lens L14; a biconvex positive lens L15; and a cemented lens including a biconcave negative lens L16 and a positive meniscus lens L17 having a convex surface facing the object.
The second lens group G2 comprises a biconvex positive lens L21. The third lens group G3 comprises, in order from the object, a cemented lens (having a negative refractive power) that includes a positive meniscus lens L31 having a concave surface facing the object, and a biconcave negative lens L32. That is, the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 collectively include three lenses.
The fourth lens group G4 comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a cemented lens including a positive meniscus lens L41 having a concave surface facing the object and a biconcave negative lens L42; a biconcave negative lens L43; a biconvex positive lens L44; a cemented lens including a biconvex positive lens L45 and a negative meniscus lens L46 having a concave surface facing the object; a biconvex positive lens L47; and a negative meniscus lens L48 having a concave surface facing the object. An image surface I is disposed on the image side of the fourth lens group G4.
In this Example, the positive meniscus lens L41, the negative lens L42 and the negative lens L43 of the fourth lens group G4 constitute a vibration-proof group that is movable in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and correct the displacement (an image blur on the image surface I) of the imaging position due to camera shakes and the like. The positive lens L15 of the first lens group G1 corresponds to a positive lens that satisfies the aforementioned conditional expressions (11) to (13). The positive meniscus lens L12, the positive lens L13 and the positive meniscus lens L17 of the first lens group G1 correspond to lenses (specified lenses) that satisfy the conditional expression (14) described above.
The following Table 2 lists values of data on the optical system according to Second Example.

TABLE 2

[General Data]

f =	fVR = −63.58427
389.99986	Δx2 = −5.0000
FNO =	Δx3 = 11.7806
2.90000	β2 = 0.50377
2ω = 6.31216	β3 = 2.39339
Y = 21.60
TL =
374.8074
Bf = 40.8074

[Lens Data]

Surface
Number	R	D	nd	νd	θgF

1	411.5072	9.6000	1.518600	69.89	0.532
2	−1780.5743	2.0000
3	176.8633	11.9000	1.433837	95.16	0.539
4	650.5128	88.9014
5	139.4073	11.2000	1.433837	95.16	0.539
6	−454.4554	3.8410
7	−416.7878	2.7000	1.770470	29.74	0.595
8	280.1935	40.5654
9	144.0688	8.0000	1.663820	27.35	0.632
10	−152.3486	0.1000
11	−156.0200	1.8000	1.749504	35.33	0.582
12	58.8242	9.0000	1.437001	95.10	0.534
13	808693.5500	(D13)
14	80.8416	6.0000	1.593190	67.90	0.544
15	−1732.6760	(D15)
16	−1283.1947	3.5000	1.850260	32.35	0.595
17	−277.4866	1.5000	1.517420	52.20	0.558
18	45.9700	(D18)

19	∞	6.6883		(Aperture
				Stop S)

20	−769.1919	3.0000	1.805181	25.46	0.616
21	−74.8338	1.2000	1.593190	67.90	0.544
22	88.8291	2.9101
23	−151.9699	1.2000	1.755000	52.33	0.548
24	133.0301	4.6000
25	78.5763	3.0000	1.654115	39.68	0.574
26	−531.2778	38.2139
27	106.4326	6.2000	1.654115	39.68	0.574
28	−65.3375	1.5000	1.922859	20.88	0.628
29	−494.2887	3.9085
30	214.9436	5.0000	1.770470	29.74	0.595
31	−127.9388	20.8915
32	−77.1790	1.5000	1.902650	35.77	0.581
33	−511.7909	Bf

[Variable Distance Data]

		Upon
		focusing
		on an
		inter-
	Upon	mediate
	focusing	distance	Upon focusing on
	on infinity	object	a very short
	f =	β =	distance object
	389.99986	−0.0333	β = −0.1699

D13	9.4718	8.7870	4.4718
D15	4.0000	7.1614	20.7806
D18	20.1082	17.6315	8.3276

[Lens Group Data]

	First	Focal
Group	surface	length

G1	1	341.63982
G2	14	130.36832
G3	16	−93.23698
G4	20	491.53462

FIG. 4A shows graphs of various aberrations of an optical system upon focusing on infinity according to Second Example. FIG. 4B shows graphs of various aberrations of the optical system upon focusing on the short distance object according to Second Example. The various aberration graphs show that in the optical system according to Second Example, over the entire range from focusing on infinity to focusing on the short distance object, the various aberrations are favorably corrected, and an excellent imaging performance is achieved.

Third Example

Third Example is described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6A and 6B and Table 3. FIG. 5 shows a lens configuration of an optical system upon focusing on infinity according to Third Example. The optical system OL(3) according to Third Example comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a first lens group G1 having a positive refractive power; a second lens group G2 having a positive refractive power; a third lens group G3 having a negative refractive power; and a fourth lens group G4 having a positive refractive power. Upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object, the second lens group G2 moves toward the object along the optical axis, the third lens group G3 moves toward the image along the optical axis, and the distance between the neighboring lens groups changes. Note that upon focusing, the first lens group G1 and the fourth lens group G4 are fixed with respect to the image surface I. The aperture stop S is disposed between the third lens group G3 and the fourth lens group G4.
The first lens group G1 comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a positive meniscus lens L11 having a convex surface facing the object; a positive meniscus lens L12 having a convex surface facing the object; a biconvex positive lens L13; a biconcave negative lens L14; a biconvex positive lens L15; and a cemented lens including a biconcave negative lens L16 and a positive meniscus lens L17 having a convex surface facing the object.
The second lens group G2 consists of a positive meniscus lens L21 having a convex surface facing the object. The third lens group G3 consists of a negative meniscus lens L31 having a convex surface facing the object. That is, the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 collectively consists of two lenses.
The fourth lens group G4 comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a biconvex positive lens L41; a cemented lens including a biconvex positive lens L42 and a biconcave negative lens L43; a biconcave negative lens L44; a biconvex positive lens L45; a cemented lens including a biconvex positive lens L46 and a biconcave negative lens L47; a biconvex positive lens L48; and a negative meniscus lens L49 having a concave surface facing the object. An image surface I is disposed on the image side of the fourth lens group G4.
In this Example, the positive lens L42, the negative lens L43 and the negative lens L44 of the fourth lens group G4 constitute a vibration-proof group that is movable in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and correct the displacement (an image blur on the image surface I) of the imaging position due to camera shakes and the like. The positive lens L15 of the first lens group G1 corresponds to a positive lens that satisfies the aforementioned conditional expressions (11) to (13). The positive meniscus lens L12, the positive lens L13 and the positive meniscus lens L17 of the first lens group G1 correspond to lenses (specified lenses) that satisfy the conditional expression (14) described above.
The following Table 3 lists values of data on the optical system according to Third Example.

TABLE 3

[General Data]

f =	fVR = −43.21297
389.99987	Δx2 = −5.0178
FNO =	Δx3 = 10.3311
2.93355	β2 = 0.54598
2ω = 6.31206	β3 = 3.37032
Y = 21.63
TL =
357.8074
Bf = 40.8075

[Lens Data]

Surface
Number	R	D	nd	νd	θgF

1	274.6094	9.6000	1.518600	69.89	0.532
2	1444.1407	3.0000
3	189.5245	11.9000	1.433837	95.16	0.539
4	876.8340	89.3809
5	139.4073	11.2000	1.433837	95.16	0.539
6	−496.1675	1.4595
7	−541.6390	2.7000	1.770470	29.74	0.595
8	350.5591	38.4092
9	122.5377	8.4000	1.663820	27.35	0.632
10	−159.9948	0.1000
11	−161.0621	1.8000	1.720467	34.71	0.583
12	53.9862	8.5000	1.437001	95.10	0.534
13	268.4116	(D13)
14	69.4230	6.0000	1.593190	67.90	0.544
15	529.0836	(D15)
16	11438.0050	1.5000	1.696800	55.52	0.543
17	50.3745	(D17)

18	∞	22.9851		(Aperture
				Stop S)

19	497.7845	4.5000	1.729160	54.61	0.544
20	−104.8775	4.5000
21	135.7675	3.0000	1.922859	20.88	0.628
22	−574.7517	1.2000	1.593190	67.90	0.544
23	36.8702	4.6409
24	−98.5151	1.2000	1.729160	54.61	0.544
25	106.1474	4.6000
26	54.3694	4.0000	1.654115	39.68	0.574
27	−1515.8814	0.1000
28	53.4516	6.7000	1.620040	36.40	0.588
29	−53.9119	1.5000	1.808090	22.74	0.629
30	71.0492	15.0246
31	79.3722	6.5000	1.770470	29.74	0.595
32	−62.5659	6.1388
33	−46.9005	1.5000	1.903658	31.31	0.595
34	−495.5352	Bf

[Variable Distance Data]

		Upon
		focusing
		on an
		inter-
	Upon	mediate
	focusing	distance	Upon focusing on
	on infinity	object	a very short
	f =	β =	distance object
	389.99987	−0.0333	β = −0.1714

D13	11.4406	10.6069	6.4228
D15	4.5919	7.4922	19.9407
D17	18.9286	16.8620	8.5975

[Lens Group Data]

	First	Focal
Group	surface	length

G1	1	310.67557
G2	14	134.05749
G3	16	−72.61779
G4	19	266.10963

FIG. 6A shows graphs of various aberrations of an optical system upon focusing on infinity according to Third Example. FIG. 6B shows graphs of various aberrations of the optical system upon focusing on the short distance object according to Third Example. The various aberration graphs show that in the optical system according to Third Example, over the entire range from focusing on infinity to focusing on the short distance object, the various aberrations are favorably corrected, and an excellent imaging performance is achieved.

Fourth Example

Fourth Example is described with reference to FIGS. 7 and FIGS. 8A and 8B and Table 4. FIG. 7 shows a lens configuration of an optical system upon focusing on infinity according to Fourth Example. The optical system OL(4) according to Fourth Example comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a first lens group G1 having a positive refractive power; a second lens group G2 having a positive refractive power; a third lens group G3 having a negative refractive power; and a fourth lens group G4 having a negative refractive power. Upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object, the second lens group G2 moves toward the object along the optical axis, the third lens group G3 moves toward the image along the optical axis, and the distance between the neighboring lens groups changes. Note that upon focusing, the first lens group G1 and the fourth lens group G4 are fixed with respect to the image surface I. The aperture stop S is disposed in the fourth lens group G4.
The first lens group G1 comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a positive meniscus lens L11 having a convex surface facing the object; a biconvex positive lens L12; a biconvex positive lens L13; a biconcave negative lens L14; a positive meniscus lens L15 having a concave surface facing the object; and a cemented lens including a negative meniscus lens L16 having a convex surface facing the object and a positive meniscus lens L17 having a convex surface facing the object.
The second lens group G2 consists of a positive meniscus lens L21 having a convex surface facing the object. The third lens group G3 consists of a negative meniscus lens L31 having a convex surface facing the object. That is, the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 collectively consists of two lenses.
The fourth lens group G4 comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a biconvex positive lens L41; a cemented lens including a biconvex positive lens L42 and a biconcave negative lens L43; a biconcave negative lens L44; a biconvex positive lens L45; a cemented lens including a biconvex positive lens L46 and a negative meniscus lens L47 having a concave surface facing the object; a cemented lens including a biconvex positive lens L48 and a negative meniscus lens L49 having a concave surface facing the object; and a negative meniscus lens L50 having a concave surface facing the object. The aperture stop S is disposed between the positive lens L41 and the positive lens L42 (of the cemented lens) in the fourth lens group G4. An image surface I is disposed on the image side of the fourth lens group G4. An optical filter FL is disposed between the negative meniscus lens L50 in the fourth lens group G4 and the image surface I.
In this Example, the positive lens L42, the negative lens L43 and the negative lens L44 of the fourth lens group G4 constitute a vibration-proof group that is movable in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and correct the displacement (an image blur on the image surface I) of the imaging position due to camera shakes and the like. The positive meniscus lens L15 of the first lens group G1 corresponds to a positive lens that satisfies the aforementioned conditional expressions (11) to (13). The positive lens L12, the positive lens L13 and the positive meniscus lens L17 of the first lens group G1, and the negative meniscus lens L49 of the fourth lens group G4 correspond to lenses (specified lenses) that satisfy the conditional expression (14) described above.
The following Table 4 lists values of data on the optical system according to Fourth Example.

TABLE 4

[General Data]

f = 587.99970	fVR = −61.09024
FNO = 4. 09990	Δx2 = −9.2038
2ω = 4.15318	Δx3 = 2.0000
Y = 21.70	β2 = 0.53805
TL = 457.9999	β3 = 3.07318
Bf = 33.4999

[Lens Data]

Surface
Number	R	D	nd	νd	θgF

1	320.0114	9.4987	1.487490	70.32	0.529
2	1556.2771	70.0000
3	200.0000	14.7065	1.433837	95.16	0.539
4	−1850.8679	66.5961
5	112.1065	14.0539	1.433837	95.16	0.539
6	−411.9826	3.0994
7	−271.7122	2.6000	1.749504	35.33	0.582
8	273.2070	41.9524
9	−276.2752	2.9954	1.663820	27.35	0.632
10	−151.1038	0.1000
11	165.8791	1.9000	1.804400	39.61	0.572
12	56.1791	10.0000	1.437001	95.10	0.534
13	246.7321	(D13)
14	72.7085	5.0000	1.627496	59.24	0.556
15	437.2023	(D15)
16	608.4245	1.4000	1.804400	39.61	0.572
17	59.2420	(D17)
18	1662.7369	3.0000	1.808090	22.74	0.629
19	−268.2959	7.9411

20

∞

6.5000

(Aperture Stop S)

21	173.1949	4.4983	1.846663	23.78	0.619
22	−93.9126	1.2000	1.755000	52.33	0.548
23	68.9486	3.7146
24	−79.9737	1.2000	1.729160	54.61	0.544
25	319.8993	8.0984
26	65.6157	3.8964	1.647690	33.72	0.593
27	−6303.3612	57.0554
28	1057.7056	6.4549	1.770470	29.74	0.595
29	−30.5390	1.2600	1.922860	20.88	0.639
30	−363.6860	0.1000
31	143.0814	7.4994	1.595510	39.21	0.581
32	−33.2229	1.2000	1.497820	82.57	0.539
33	−1263.0104	19.8180
34	−48.8063	1.2000	1.848500	43.79	0.562
35	−70.0018	8.7649
36	∞	2.0000	1.516800	64.13	0.536
37	∞	Bf

[Variable Distance Data]

		Upon
		focusing
		on an
		inter-
	Upon	mediate
	focusing	distance	Upon focusing on
	on infinity	object	a very short
	f =	β =	distance object
	587.99970	−0.0333	β = −0.1450

D13	15.5701	13.4060	6.3663
D15	4.2356	6.8823	15.4394
D17	15.3905	14.9079	13.3905

[Lens Group Data]

	First	Focal
Group	surface	length

G1	1	348.13120
G2	14	138.25340
G3	16	−81.68490
G4	18	−6571.80060

FIG. 8A shows graphs of various aberrations of an optical system upon focusing on infinity according to Fourth Example. FIG. 8B shows graphs of various aberrations of the optical system upon focusing on the short distance object according to Fourth Example. The various aberration graphs show that in the optical system according to Fourth Example, over the entire range from focusing on infinity to focusing on the short distance object, the various aberrations are favorably corrected, and an excellent imaging performance is achieved.

Fifth Example

Fifth Example is described with reference to FIG. 9 and FIGS. 10A, and 10B and Table 5. FIG. 9 shows a lens configuration of an optical system upon focusing on infinity according to Fifth Example. The optical system OL(5) according to Fifth Example comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a first lens group G1 having a positive refractive power; a second lens group G2 having a positive refractive power; a third lens group G3 having a negative refractive power; and a fourth lens group G4 having a positive refractive power. Upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object, the second lens group G2 moves toward the object along the optical axis, the third lens group G3 moves toward the image along the optical axis, and the distance between the neighboring lens groups changes. Note that upon focusing, the first lens group G1 and the fourth lens group G4 are fixed with respect to the image surface I. The aperture stop S is disposed between the third lens group G3 and the fourth lens group G4.
The first lens group G1 comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a positive meniscus lens L11 having a convex surface facing the object; a positive meniscus lens L12 having a convex surface facing the object; a biconvex positive lens L13; a biconcave negative lens L14; a biconvex positive lens L15; and a cemented lens including a biconcave negative lens L16 and a positive meniscus lens L17 having a convex surface facing the object.
The second lens group G2 consists of a positive meniscus lens L21 having a convex surface facing the object. The third lens group G3 consists of a negative meniscus lens L31 having a convex surface facing the object. That is, the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 collectively consists of two lenses.
The fourth lens group G4 comprises, in order from the object on the optical axis: a biconvex positive lens L41; a cemented lens including a biconvex positive lens L42 and a biconcave negative lens L43; a biconcave negative lens L44; a cemented lens including a negative meniscus lens L45 having a convex surface facing the object, and a biconvex positive lens L46; a cemented lens including a biconvex positive lens L47 and a biconcave negative lens L48; and a cemented lens including a biconvex positive lens L49 and a biconcave negative lens L50. An image surface I is disposed on the image side of the fourth lens group G4.
In this Example, the positive lens L42, the negative lens L43 and the negative lens L44 of the fourth lens group G4 constitute a vibration-proof group that is movable in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and correct the displacement (an image blur on the image surface I) of the imaging position due to camera shakes and the like. The positive lens L15 of the first lens group G1 corresponds to a positive lens that satisfies the aforementioned conditional expressions (11) to (13). The positive meniscus lens L12, the positive lens L13 and the positive meniscus lens L17 of the first lens group G1, the positive meniscus lens L21 of the second lens group G2, and the negative lens L43 of the fourth lens group G4 correspond to lenses (specified lenses) that satisfy the conditional expression (14) described above.
The following Table 5 lists values of data on the optical system according to Fifth Example.

TABLE 5

[General Data]

f = 587.99791	fVR = −34.34884
FNO = 4.10847	Δx2 = −6.1704
2ω = 4.19942	Δx3 = 6.3894
Y = 21.63	β2 = 0.67768
TL = 438.8073	β3 = 3.63831
Bf = 49.6725

[Lens Data]

Surface
Number	R	D	nd	νd	θgF

1	320.9434	9.6000	1.518600	69.89	0.532
2	1936.3786	40.0000
3	197.3125	12.4000	1.433837	95.16	0.539
4	1249.9826	92.9991
5	139.4073	11.2000	1.433837	95.16	0.539
6	−595.5149	0.1000
7	−679.6046	2.7000	1.770470	29.74	0.595
8	257.1482	46.6155
9	111.7807	8.9000	1.663820	27.35	0.632
10	−211.8183	0.1000
11	−214.3458	1.8000	1.720467	34.71	0.583
12	63.9295	8.0000	1.437001	95.10	0.534
13	643.8176	(D13)
14	78.4833	5.5000	1.497820	82.57	0.539
15	379.7982	(D15)
16	1600.8170	1.5000	1.772500	49.62	0.552
17	54.9089	(D17)

18	∞	46.4752		(Aperture
				Stop S)

19	149.0722	3.5000	1.552981	55.07	0.545
20	−96.2480	4.5000
21	114.2466	3.0000	1.922859	20.88	0.628
22	−195.3936	1.2000	1.497820	82.57	0.539
23	27.7113	4.6409
24	−60.3668	1.2000	1.729160	54.61	0.544
25	78.7651	4.9250
26	43.5209	1.5000	1.696800	55.52	0.543
27	26.5639	5.7000	1.654115	39.68	0.574
28	−233.7026	0.1000
29	71.9613	5.0000	1.654115	39.68	0.574
30	−41.4429	1.5000	1.808090	22.74	0.629
31	171.1519	25.5905
32	63.7147	7.5000	1.603420	38.03	0.583
33	−38.1075	1.5000	1.910822	35.25	0.582
34	300.4346	Bf

[Variable Distance Data]

		Upon
		focusing
		on an
		inter-	Upon
		mediate	focusing on
		distance	a very short
	Upon focusing	object	distance
	on infinity	β =	object
	f = 587.99791	−0.0333	β = −0.1485

D13	11.7675	10.1988	5.5971
D15	4.7905	7.6839	17.3503
D17	13.3307	12.0060	6.9412

[Lens Group Data]

	First	Focal
Group	surface	length

G1	1	282.59807
G2	14	197.51986
G3	16	−73.63528
G4	19	2049.50489

FIG. 10A, shows graphs of various aberrations of an optical system upon focusing on infinity according to Fifth Example. FIG. 10B shows graphs of various aberrations of the optical system upon focusing on the short distance object according to Fifth Example. The various aberration graphs show that in the optical system according to Fifth Example, over the entire range from focusing on infinity to focusing on the short distance object, the various aberrations are favorably corrected, and an excellent imaging performance is achieved.
Next, the table of [Conditional Expression Corresponding Value] is shown below. This table collectively indicates values corresponding to the conditional expressions (1) to (15) with respect to all the examples (First to Fifth Examples).
0.010<(Δ×2A+Δ×3A)/D1<0.200 Conditional Expression (1)
−0.20<Δ×2/f2<0.00 Conditional Expression (2)
−0.20<Δ×3/f3<0.00 Conditional Expression (3)
1.00<f2/(−f3)<4.00 Conditional Expression (4)
−3.00<Δ×2/Δ×3<−0.20 Conditional Expression (5)
−8.50<f1/fVR<−3.00 Conditional Expression (6)
0.45<02<0.80 Conditional Expression (7)
0.20<1/β3<0.50 Conditional Expression (8)
{β2+(1/β2)}⁻²<0.25 Conditional Expression (9)
{β3+(1/β3)}⁻²<0.18 Conditional Expression (10)
ndL1+(0.01425×vdL1)<2.12 Conditional Expression (11)
vdL1<35.00 Conditional Expression (12)
0.702<θgFL1+(0.00316×vdL1) Conditional Expression (13)
80.00<vdL2 Conditional Expression (14)
3.50°<2ω<8.50° Conditional Expression (15)

[Conditional Expression Corresponding Value](First˜Third Example)


Conditional	First	Second	Third
Expression	example	example	example

(1)	0.094	0.089	0.082
(2)	−0.07	−0.04	−0.04
(3)	−0.09	−0.13	−0.14
(4)	1.95	1.40	1.85
(5)	−0.66	−2.36	−2.06
(6)	−4.30	−5.37	−7.19
(7)	0.63	0.50	0.55
(8)	0.40	0.42	0.30
(9)	0.20	0.16	0.18
(10)	0.12	0.13	0.07
(11)	2.054	2.054	2.054
(12)	27.35	27.35	27.35
(13)	0.718	0.718	0.718
(14)	95.25	95.16	95.16
	82.57	—	—
(15)	6.296	6.312	6.312

[Conditional Expression Corresponding Value](Fourth˜Fifth Example)


Conditional	Fourth	Fifth
Expression	example	example

(1)	0.044	0.054
(2)	−0.07	−0.03
(3)	−0.02	−0.09
(4)	1.69	2.68
(5)	−0.22	−1.04
(6)	−5.70	−8.23
(7)	0.54	0.68
(8)	0.33	0.27
(9)	0.17	0.22
(10)	0.09	0.07
(11)	2.054	2.054
(12)	27.35	27.35
(13)	0.718	0.718
(14)	95.16	95.16
	82.57	82.57
(15)	4.153	4.199

According to each of Examples described above, the fast optical system that has a long focal length and has an excellent optical performance from focusing on infinity to focusing on the short distance object, can be achieved.
Each of the aforementioned Examples describes a specific example of the invention of the present application. The invention of the present application is not limited to these examples.
The following content can be adopted in a range without impairing the optical performance of the optical system according to this embodiment.
The four-group configurations are described as Examples of the optical systems according to this embodiment. However, the present application is not limited to these configurations. An optical system having another group configuration (e.g., a five-group one etc.) may be configured. Specifically, a configuration where a lens or a lens group is added to a position of the optical system of this embodiment closest to the object or a position closest to the image surface, and a configuration where a lens or a lens group is added between the second lens group (first focusing lens group) and the third lens group (second focusing lens group), may be adopted. Note that the lens group indicates a portion that includes at least one lens separated by air distances that change during focusing.
What has the configuration with the vibration-proof function is described as Example of the optical system according to this embodiment. However, the present application is not limited to this configuration. A configuration that has no vibration-proof function may be adopted.
The lens surface may be made of a spherical surface or a planar surface, or an aspherical surface. A case where the lens surface is a spherical surface or a planar surface is preferable, because lens processing, and assembling and adjustment are facilitated, and the optical performance degradation due to errors caused by processing and assembling and adjustment can be prevented. It is also preferable because the degradation in representation performance is small even with a possible misaligned image surface.
In the cases where the lens surface is an aspherical surface, the aspherical surface may be any of an aspherical surface made by a grinding process, a glass mold aspherical surface made by forming glass into an aspherical shape with a mold, and a composite type aspherical surface made by forming a resin on a surface of glass into an aspherical shape. The lens surface may be a diffractive surface. The lens may be a gradient-index lens (GRIN lens), or a plastic lens.
Preferably, the aperture stop is disposed between the third lens group and the fourth lens group, or in the fourth lens group. Alternatively, a member as an aperture stop is not necessarily provided, and a lens frame may serve as what has the function instead.
An antireflection film having a high transmissivity in a wide wavelength region may be applied onto each lens surface in order to reduce flares and ghosts and achieve optical performances having a high contrast.

EXPLANATION OF NUMERALS AND CHARACTERS


	G1 First lens group	G2 Second lens group
	G3 Third lens group	G4 Fourth lens group
	I Image surface	S Aperture stop

Claims

1. An optical system, comprising, in order from an object on an optical axis: a first lens group having a positive refractive power; a second lens group; a third lens group; and a fourth lens group,

wherein upon focusing from an infinity object to a short distance object, the second lens group and the third lens group move along the optical axis respectively on trajectories different from each other, and

the second lens group and the third lens group collectively include three lenses or less.

2. An optical system, comprising, in order from an object on an optical axis: a first lens group having a positive refractive power; a second lens group; a third lens group; and a fourth lens group,

the following conditional expression is satisfied,

0.010<(Δ×2A+Δ×3A)/D1<0.200

where Δ×2A: an absolute value of an amount of movement of the second lens group upon focusing from an infinity object to a short distance object,

Δ×3A: an absolute value of an amount of movement of the third lens group upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object, and

D1: a length of the first lens group on the optical axis.

3. The optical system according to claim 1,

wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied,

−0.20<Δ×2/f2<0.00

where Δ×2: an amount of movement of the second lens group (a sign of an amount of movement toward an image surface is + and a sign of the amount of movement toward the object is −) upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object, and

f2: a focal length of the second lens group.

4. The optical system according to claim 1,

wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied,

−0.20<Δ×3/f3<0.00

where Δ×3: an amount of movement of the third lens group (a sign of an amount of movement toward an image surface is + and a sign of the amount of movement toward the object is −) upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object, and

f3: a focal length of the third lens group.

5. The optical system according to claim 1,

wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied,

1.00<f2/(−f3)<4.00

where f2: a focal length of the second lens group, and

f3: a focal length of the third lens group.

6. The optical system according to claim 1,

wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied,

−3.00<Δ×2/Δ×3<−0.20

Δ×3: an amount of movement of the third lens group (a sign of the amount of movement toward the image surface is + and a sign of the amount of movement toward the object is −) upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object.

7. The optical system according to claim 1, wherein the fourth lens group comprises a vibration-proof group that has a negative refractive power and is movable so as to have a displacement component in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis to correct an image blur.

8. The optical system according to claim 7, wherein the vibration-proof group comprises two or more lenses.

9. The optical system according to claim 7,

wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied,

−8.50<f1/fVR<−3.00

where f1: a focal length of the first lens group, and

fVR: a focal length of the vibration-proof group.

10. The optical system according to claim 1,

wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied,

0.45<β2<0.80

where β2: a magnification of the second lens group upon focusing on the infinity object.

11. The optical system according to claim 1,

wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied,

0.20<1/β3<0.50

where β3: a magnification of the third lens group upon focusing on the infinity object.

12. The optical system according to claim 1,

wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied,

{β2+(1/(β2)}⁻²<0.25

13. The optical system according to claim 1,

wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied,

{β3+(1/(β3)}⁻²<0.18

14. The optical system according to claim 1,

wherein the first lens group comprises a positive lens which satisfies the following conditional expressions,

ndL1+(0.01425×vdL1)<2.12,

vdL1<35.00, and

0.702<θgFL1+(0.00316×vdL1)

where ndL1: a refractive index of the positive lens for d-line,

vdL1: an Abbe number of the positive lens with reference to d-line, and

θgFL1: a partial dispersion ratio of the positive lens, the partial dispersion ratio being defined by the following expression, assuming that a refractive index of the positive lens for g-line is ngL1, a refractive index of the positive lens for F-line is nFL1, and a refractive index of the positive lens for C-line is nCL1,

θgFL1=(ngL1−nFL1)/(nFL1−nCL1).

15. The optical system according to claim 1, further comprising a lens that satisfies the following conditional expression,

80.00<vdL2

where vdL2: an Abbe number of the lens with reference to d-line.

16. The optical system according to claim 1,

wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied,

3.50°<2ω<8.50°

where 2ω: a full angle of view of the optical system.

17. The optical system according to claim 1, wherein upon focusing from the infinity object to the short distance object, the second lens group moves along the optical axis toward the object, and the third lens group moves along the optical axis toward the image surface.

18. The optical system according to claim 1, wherein the second lens group consists of one lens.

19. The optical system according to claim 1, wherein the third lens group consists of one lens component.

20. The optical system according to claim 1, further comprising an aperture stop disposed closer to the image surface than the second lens group.

21. The optical system according to claim 20, wherein the aperture stop is disposed closer to the image surface than the third lens group.

22. An optical apparatus comprising the optical system according to claim 1.

23. A method for manufacturing an optical system comprising, in order from an object on an optical axis: a first lens group having a positive refractive power; a second lens group; a third lens group; and a fourth lens group,

the method comprises a step of disposing the first to the fourth lens groups in a lens barrel so that:

upon focusing from an infinity object to a short distance object, the second lens group and the third lens group move along the optical axis respectively on trajectories different from each other, and