US20230241313A1 - Infusion and blood collection device - Google Patents
Infusion and blood collection device Download PDFInfo
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- US20230241313A1 US20230241313A1 US18/298,280 US202318298280A US2023241313A1 US 20230241313 A1 US20230241313 A1 US 20230241313A1 US 202318298280 A US202318298280 A US 202318298280A US 2023241313 A1 US2023241313 A1 US 2023241313A1
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- infusion
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an infusion and blood collection device.
- the present invention is directed to an infusion and blood collection device that allows clean blood collections via an angiocatheter previously installed to administer intravenous fluids.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,610,226 to Albisser discloses a double lumen cannula instrument for the withdrawal of blood over a prolonged period of time.
- the instrument includes an inner lumen for withdrawing blood and an outer lumen for introducing an anticoagulant diluent.
- the relative locations of the openings for the inner and outer lumen permit the mixing of the diluent with the withdrawn blood.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,374,245 to Mahurkar discloses an extruded reinforced multiple-lumen catheter for use in medical applications where fluids must flow simultaneously to and from a patient. Blood is withdrawn for a medical procedure (e.g. dialysis) from the patient through one passageway and returned to the patient through another passageway spaced from the first passageway.
- a medical procedure e.g. dialysis
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,607,401 to Humphrey discloses augmented polymeric hypodermic needles and lancets.
- the polymeric needles and lancets are stiffened by augmenting means, which includes a slidable guard or foam insert so that they are able to pierce the skin. Without the augmenting means, it is not possible for the polymeric hypodermic lancet to pierce the skin.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,637,399 to Yoshikawa et al. discloses an extruded synthetic resin needle that is reinforced with combustible fibers.
- the needle provides a single path administering or withdrawing fluids from a patient.
- the prior art described above does not provide for a catheter assembly that is capable of prolonged insertion in the patient for both the simultaneous administering of intravenous fluids and the periodic withdrawal of blood without mixing the intravenous fluid with the withdrawn blood.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,758,835 to Close et al. discloses a micro-injection molded disposable needle assembly having more than one passageway formed therein to permit the simultaneous drawing and administering of fluids through separate passageways.
- the micro-injection molded disposable assembly includes one or more sensors disposed therein for measuring and monitoring one or more desired body or surrounding environmental conditions. It also discloses a method of forming the disposable needle from an elastomeric material using micro-injection molding.
- the devices described in the above prior art focus primarily on the catheter portions of needle assemblies that are capable of prolonged insertion in patients for both the simultaneous administering of intravenous fluids and the withdrawal of blood without mixing the intravenous fluid with the withdrawn blood.
- the invention herein does not focus primarily on the catheter portion of the needle assembly. Instead, it provides a device that may be inserted between a standard, previously installed intravenous (IV) catheter and a standard IV infusion line, and permits the performing of clean blood collections without interrupting the administering of IV therapy to the patient.
- IV infusion pumps are typically stopped for 30 seconds or more for any blood collection obtained from the peripheral catheter and the connection between the IV catheter and infusate line are disconnected in order to pull the blood sample through the IV catheter and avoid infusate mixing with the blood collection that can cause erroneous results.
- a downstream valve e.g., a 2-, 3-, or 4-way stop cock valve
- a pump alarm this sets off, requiring staff attention because the line is considered occluded.
- Such fluid infusion restriction alarms on IV infusion pumps are typically triggered when the fluid being infused increases to over 10 psi.
- Providing a device that avoids interruption of the IV therapy prevents stopping the IV infusion pump or triggering an infusion restriction alarm.
- the device herein has the purpose of reducing the complexity of the flow transfer portion of commonly used infusates and blood collection devices.
- the pressure can be controlled passively, or alternatively or additionally, actively.
- the patient When a patient is admitted into a hospital, an emergency room, or some other medical facility, in the vast majority of cases the patient receives an IV catheter of one kind or another.
- the IV catheter is put in place right away upon admission to administer a needed therapy to the patient.
- the IV catheter is put in place simply for risk management reasons, so as to have the catheter ready in case the medical care providers need to quickly administer medications or fluids to the patient.
- the cannula portion of the IV catheter is placed into a blood vessel, typically in the forearm, hand, or another location in the patient's body, and the connection portion of the IV Catheter to allow IV infusion is typically secured to the outside of the patient's body with any of a variety of available tapes, bands, straps, or other means.
- the typical hospital stay for a patient is around three days, during which it is reported that two or more sets of laboratory tests per day may be carried out on average. This means that at least twice a day a medical technician would have to subject the patient to a blood collection, which is then sent to the laboratory for testing and/or analysis. Usually if the patient already has a catheter strapped in place in one arm via which medications or fluids are being administered, the medical technician would have to use the patient's other arm or another part of the patient's body to perform blood collections.
- the medical technician may use a catheter already installed into the patient's body to draw blood for testing.
- the technician typically has to temporarily discontinue administration of medications or fluids, and perform a lengthy, drawn-out series of flushing steps to guard against incidental contamination of the blood sample with residual IV solutions, medications or fluids, and ensure that the blood sample is clean.
- a blood sample may, for example, be diluted with a residual IV solution, leading to erroneous test results.
- contamination of the blood sample with a residual IV solution that contains sodium and/or potassium compounds would result in false test data showing higher concentrations of these compounds.
- the device and method of the invention described herein provide the advantage of alleviating and solving all of the foregoing blood-draw problems and issues.
- the device herein takes advantage of an already installed IV catheter port in a patient's body, and provides a simple procedure to perform clean drawing of blood without interrupting the administration of IV therapies after initial installation of the catheter.
- the device optionally includes passive control of the blood collection volume flow rate to prevent contamination of the collected blood draw with the IV therapy fluid being simultaneously infused through the catheter.
- the device herein is simply installed by inserting it into the IV catheter line already installed into the patient, and makes the procedural steps of drawing blood samples almost automatic.
- the device herein has the advantage of using the vacuum within a standard blood collection container, such as a Vacutainer® (trademark of Becton, Dickinson and Company, of Franklin Lakes, N.J.) or Vacuette® (trademark of Greiner Bio One, of Monroe, N.C.) tube, as the driving mechanism for drawing the blood sample from the patient.
- a standard blood collection container such as a Vacutainer® (trademark of Becton, Dickinson and Company, of Franklin Lakes, N.J.) or Vacuette® (trademark of Greiner Bio One, of Monroe, N.C.) tube, as the driving mechanism for drawing the blood sample from the patient.
- a microlumen is inserted coaxially through and protrudes distally out from the distal end of a catheter which is inserted into a patient.
- the microlumen and catheter are in fluid communication with a diverter valve and valve housing.
- the valve housing is supplied with IV therapy fluid from an infusion line and provides selective operation in an infusion/non-collection mode and an infusion/collection mode.
- IV therapy fluid is provided to both the microlumen and the catheter.
- a blood collection component for example, a vacuum collection tube holder coupled to the collection body, receives blood from the catheter and the microlumen simultaneously continues to provide IV therapy fluid to the patient.
- the protrusion length and blood collection flow rate are of significant importance to the invention herein, in order to prevent mixing, and thus contamination, of the drawn blood with the IV fluids in the infusion/collection mode.
- the difference in pressures between a vacuum blood collection tube and a typical patent's vein pressure is approximately 2 orders of magnitude difference.
- the tube vacuum can be as much as about 700 mmHg of vacuum and the vein pressure can be about 7 mmHg.
- the mixing of collected blood with IV fluids at the point of collection in the vein is prevent by a combination of 1) the device limiting the flow rate of blood collection drawn from the vein and into the catheter and 2) the distal end of the microlumen used to simultaneously infuse infusate into the vein is sufficiently distal in the vein of the distal end of the IV catheter where blood is drawn from the vein.
- angiocatheter i.e., an IV catheter
- the invention may be applicable to other catheters known in the art as well, such as peripherally inserted cardiac catheters, central catheter, and the like.
- a previously installed catheter such as a Peripheral Venous Catheter, otherwise known as an angiocatheter
- the present invention relates to a blood-draw device and method that is used in conjunction with a pre-installed peripheral venous catheter/IV infusion line in a patient.
- An advantage of the device and method is being able to draw blood from the previously installed catheter without the need to interrupt IV flow.
- Another advantage of the device and method is the reduction in the number of venipunctures that have to be performed on a patient. This provides numerous potential advantages such as reduction in potential infection causing events, reduction in patient anxiety, reduction in time and patient care demands on the hospital staff, and reduction in disposal of bio-hazardous blood collection needle sets.
- Another advantage is having the blood collection access port of the device covered so as to prevent tampering with the port and bacterial transfers from the outside environment, which may either contaminate or damage the port, which in turn may lead to bodily injury.
- an infusion and blood collection apparatus for use with a catheter, a distal end of the catheter configured for insertion into a blood vessel, includes an IV infusion lumen attachable to the catheter and defining a distal end, the IV infusion lumen configured for insertion into the blood vessel with the distal end of the IV infusion lumen extending into the blood vessel a specified distance beyond the distal end of the catheter; an IV fluid inlet fluidly connected to the IV infusion lumen and configured for fluidic connection to an IV fluid source; a draw port fluidly couplable to a blood collection channel at least in part defined by the radial space between the interior of the catheter and an exterior of the IV infusion lumen, the draw port configured for fluidic connection to a vacuum source; and a fluid flow restriction device configured and sized to limit a flow rate of blood drawn through the distal end of the catheter to a preselected flow rate preventing IV fluid exiting the distal end of the IV infusion lumen from entering the distal end of the catheter when the catheter
- the fluid flow restriction device can define an internal cross-section sized to provide a preselected flow rate of 30 ml/min or less.
- the preselected flow rate can be 15 ml/min or less.
- the specified distance can be at least 10 mm.
- the fluid flow restriction device can be sized to limit the flow rate of blood drawn through the distal end of the catheter to a value 30 ml/min or less when the specified distance is at least 10 mm, the catheter and IV infusion lumen are inserted into a blood vessel, the IV fluid inlet is fluidly connected to an IV fluid source, and the draw port is connected to a vacuum source.
- the fluid flow restriction device can include a section of reduced internal cross-section for blood draw flow between the distal end of the catheter and the draw port.
- the fluid flow restriction device can comprise a length of 24-gauge stainless steel hypodermic round tubing.
- the apparatus can further comprise a blood collection component that includes the fluid flow restriction device, and at least a portion of the fluid flow restriction device can extend within the draw port. At least a portion of the fluid flow restriction device can fluidly couple the vacuum source to the draw port.
- the IV infusion lumen can be positioned within an interior of the catheter and the section of reduced internal cross-section can be defined by a section of reduced clearance between an exterior of the IV infusion lumen and the exterior of the catheter.
- the IV infusion lumen can be 24 to 25 gauge and the catheter can be 18 to 20 gauge.
- the fluid flow restriction device can be sized to correspond with a vacuum pressure of the vacuum source.
- the fluid flow restriction device can be sized to achieve a volume flow rate of 30 ml/min or less when the vacuum pressure is 700 mmHg or less.
- the fluid flow restriction device can comprise a valve and a section of reduced internal cross-section can be defined by active control of the valve.
- the fluid flow restriction device can comprise a check valve with a tuned reverse flow rate.
- the fluid flow restriction device can comprise a pump having a controllable flow rate.
- an infusion and blood collection apparatus comprises a catheter defining a distal end, the distal end of the catheter configured for insertion into a blood vessel; an IV infusion lumen located within the catheter and defining a distal end, the IV infusion lumen configured for insertion into the blood vessel with the distal end of the IV infusion lumen extending into the blood vessel a specified distance beyond the distal end of the catheter; an IV fluid inlet fluidly connected to the IV infusion lumen and configured for fluidic connection to an IV fluid source; a draw port fluidly connected to the space between the interior of the catheter and the exterior of the IV infusion lumen; and a blood collection component configured for releasable fluidic connection to the draw port; and wherein the blood collection component: includes a fluid flow restriction device having a first portion configured for fluidic connection to the draw port and a second portion configured for fluidic connection to a vacuum source; and is sized to limit a flow rate of blood drawn through the distal end of the catheter to a pres
- an infusion and blood collection apparatus comprises a catheter defining a distal end, the distal end of the catheter configured for insertion into a blood vessel; an IV infusion lumen extending through an interior of the catheter and defining a distal end, the distal end of the IV infusion lumen extending into the blood vessel at least 10 mm beyond the distal end of the catheter; an IV fluid inlet fluidly connected to the IV infusion lumen and configured for fluidic connection to an IV fluid source; a blood collection channel defined by a space between the interior of the catheter and an exterior of the IV infusion lumen; a draw port fluidly connected to the blood collection channel and configured for fluidic connection to a vacuum source; and a fluid flow restriction device sized to limit a flow rate of blood drawn through the blood collection channel to 30 ml/min or less when the draw port is connected to the vacuum source.
- the apparatus can further comprising a blood collection device, and the blood collection device can include the fluid flow restriction device and the fluid flow restriction device can be
- FIG. 1 is a perspective assembly view of a first illustrative embodiment of an infusion and blood collection device as used with an IV infusion line and a Peripheral Venous Catheter;
- FIG. 2 A is a schematic diagram of the fluid system of the device of FIG. 1 in an infusion/non-collection mode of operation;
- FIGS. 2 B and 2 C is a schematic diagram of the fluid system of the device of FIG. 1 in an infusion/collection mode of operation;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective exploded view of the valve housing portion of the device of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is a perspective exploded view of the blood collection tube holder portion of the device of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 5 is a top perspective assembly view of the device of FIG. 1 before use;
- FIG. 6 is a bottom perspective assembly view of the device of FIG. 1 before use and with the protective cap removed from overtop the microlumen;
- FIG. 7 A is perspective assembly view of the device of FIG. 1 placed with an IV infusion line and a Peripheral Venous Catheter, the device in an infusion/non-collection mode and the tube holder being prepared to be coupled with the valve housing;
- FIG. 7 B is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing and separated tube holder taken along sectional cutting plane line 7 B- 7 B, shown in FIG. 7 A , and with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode;
- FIG. 7 C is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing taken along sectional cutting plane line 7 C- 7 C, shown in FIG. 7 B , and with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode;
- FIG. 8 A is perspective assembly view of the device of FIG. 1 , the device in an infusion/non-collection mode and the tube holder being coupled with the valve housing and not yet rotated;
- FIG. 8 B is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing and coupled tube holder taken along sectional cutting plane line 8 B- 8 B shown in FIG. 8 A , and with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode;
- FIG. 8 C is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing taken along sectional cutting plane line 8 C- 8 C shown in FIG. 8 B , and with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode;
- FIG. 9 A is perspective assembly view of the device of FIG. 1 , the device actuated to the infusion/collection mode and the tube holder being coupled with the valve housing and rotated, and a blood collection tube coupled with the tube holder;
- FIG. 9 B is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing and coupled tube holder and collection tube taken along sectional cutting plane line 9 B- 9 B, shown in FIG. 9 A , and with the device in the infusion/collection mode;
- FIG. 9 C is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing taken along sectional cutting plane line 9 C- 9 C, shown in FIG. 9 B , and with the device in the infusion/collection mode;
- FIG. 10 A is perspective assembly view of the device of FIG. 1 , the device returned to the infusion/non-collection mode and the tube holder reverse-rotated and being uncoupled from the valve housing;
- FIG. 10 B is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing and coupled tube holder taken along sectional cutting plane line 10 B- 10 B, shown in FIG. 10 A , and with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode;
- FIG. 10 C is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing taken along sectional cutting plane line 10 C- 10 C, shown in FIG. 10 B , and with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode;
- FIG. 11 is a perspective assembly view of a second illustrative embodiment of an infusion and blood collection device of the invention herein, illustratively shown installed between an IV infusion line and a Peripheral Venous Catheter;
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the transfer and collection assembly of the second embodiment of the device of FIG. 11 ;
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the catheter head assembly of the second embodiment of the device of FIG. 11 ;
- FIG. 14 is a top perspective view of the transfer valve and collection body of the second embodiment of the device of FIG. 11 ;
- FIG. 15 is bottom perspective view of the collection tube holder of the second embodiment of the device of FIG. 11 ;
- FIG. 16 is a top perspective view of the transfer valve housing of the second embodiment of the device of FIG. 11 ;
- FIG. 17 is a top perspective view of the transfer valve housing of FIG. 16 with the rotary valve actuator removed;
- FIG. 18 is a semi-transparent top view of the transfer valve housing of FIG. 17 showing the infusion and collection channels in the device;
- FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the rotary valve and actuator of the transfer valve housing of FIG. 17 ;
- FIG. 20 is a semi-transparent top view of the transfer valve housing of FIG. 17 in the infusion/non-collection mode and showing IV flow in all channels;
- FIG. 21 is a semi-transparent top view of the transfer valve housing of FIG. 17 in the infusion/collection mode and showing IV flow in the IV channel and blood flow in the blood collection channel;
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the transfer valve housing and tube holder of FIG. 12 taken along sectional cutting plane line 22 - 22 ;
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of the catheter head assembly of FIG. 13 taken along sectional cutting plane line 23 - 23 ;
- FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of the catheter head assembly of FIG. 13 taken along sectional cutting plane line 24 - 24 and showing IV flow in the IV channel and blood flow in the blood collection channel inside the assembly;
- FIG. 25 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the tip of the catheter and microlumen of FIG. 24 showing the microlumen tip protruding beyond the tip of the catheter;
- FIG. 26 is a transparent top view of the transfer valve housing of FIG. 16 in the infusion/non-collection mode and showing IV flow in all channels;
- FIG. 27 is semi-transparent cross-sectional view of the transfer valve housing of FIG. 26 taken along sectional cutting plane line 27 - 27 and showing the infusion/non-collection mode;
- FIG. 28 is a transparent top view of the transfer valve housing of FIG. 16 in the infusion/collection mode and showing IV flow in the IV channel and blood flow in the blood collection channel;
- FIG. 29 is semi-transparent cross-sectional view of the transfer valve housing of FIG. 28 taken along sectional cutting plane line 29 - 29 and showing the infusion/collection mode;
- FIG. 30 A is a cross-sectional view of the needleless draw port of the device of FIG. 11 , taken along sectional cutting plane line 30 A- 30 A shown in FIG. 31 A , and with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode;
- FIG. 30 B is a cross-sectional view of the needleless draw port cooperating with the needleless draw nozzle of the device of FIG. 11 , taken along sectional cutting plane line 30 A- 30 A shown in FIG. 31 A , and with the device in the infusion/collection mode;
- FIG. 31 A is a bottom axial view of the needleless draw port of the device of FIG. 11 , with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode;
- FIG. 31 B is a bottom axial view of the needleless draw port cooperating with the needleless draw nozzle of the device of FIG. 11 , with the device in the infusion/collection mode.
- FIGS. 1 - 10 in the Drawings section show a first illustrative embodiment of an infusion and blood collection device 100 of the invention herein,
- the device 100 is illustratively shown as used, coupled between a standard IV infusion line 10 and a standard catheter 20 , for example, a peripheral venous catheter placed in a vein of a patient's arm or hand.
- a standard catheter 20 is the shielded IV catheter product number 381534, also known as the BD Insyte Autoguard Winged 20-gauge catheter, available from Becton, Dickson and Company (BD), of Sandy, Utah.
- BD Becton, Dickson and Company
- the IV infusion line 10 and the catheter 20 would be connected directly together via a releasable fluid connector, typically a Luer Lock type connector having a male portion (not shown) at a proximate end 24 of the catheter 20 , and a female connector 11 portion at the proximate end 12 of the IV infusion line.
- the IV infusion line 10 is typically connected on the opposite, distal end to an IV therapy bag (not shown) and/or infusion pump (not shown), and a distal end 22 of the catheter 20 is inserted into a patient blood vessel, e.g., in the patient's arm or hand as shown in FIGS.
- the infusion and blood collection device 100 of the present invention is simply installed in between the IV infusion line 10 and the catheter 20 , coupled via the connectors 11 and 65 , as is discussed below.
- the illustrative embodiment of the infusion and blood collection device 100 of the present invention comprises the following main components, depicted in FIGS. 1 , 3 and 6 : a collection tube holder 30 for receiving a standard vacuum collection tube 15 , a valve housing 40 enclosing a valve 80 and including an intravenous infusion (IV) inlet 43 and a catheter head 63 , a shroud 70 for coupling the tube holder 30 to the valve housing 40 , and optional retaining supports 90 for securing an IV infusion line 10 and the valve housing 40 to a patient's arm.
- IV intravenous infusion
- Tube holder 30 , valve housing 40 , shroud 70 , valve 80 , and retaining supports 90 include, for example, medical grade plastics and structural polymer material such as ABS, Polyurethane, Polycarbonate, PBT, PEI, PEEK, Polypropylene, PET, and the like.
- tube holder 30 , valve housing 40 , and shroud 70 can be formed from Polycarbonate and valve 80 can be formed from Polypropylene.
- the intravenous infusion inlet 43 includes a separate or integrally formed male connector 42 for fluid coupling with the female connector 11 , for example a Luer Lock fitting, of IV infusion line 10 .
- the catheter head 63 includes a female connector 65 , for example a Luer Lock fitting, for fluid coupling with the catheter 20 .
- the catheter head 63 also includes an intravenous infusion microlumen 60 , which is fluidly coupled to IV infusion channel 58 , and a blood collection channel 54 , the outlet 64 of which is fluidly coupled to catheter 20 ( FIGS. 6 and 7 C ).
- FIGS. 2 A- 2 C illustrate schematic diagrams of an illustrative fluid system 101 of the device 100 according to the present invention.
- a blood collection channel 54 and an infusion channel 58 extend between IV inlet 43 and catheter head 63 .
- the catheter head 63 is coupled to an IV catheter 20 , which is earlier placed in a peripheral vein 23 of a patient, and the catheter head 63 also includes the microlumen 60 .
- the microlumen 60 is inserted coaxially within the interior of the catheter 20 .
- the relative lengths of the catheter 20 and the microlumen 60 are such that a distal end 62 of the microlumen 60 protrudes from and extends distally beyond the distal end 22 of the catheter 20 , thus extending axially farther along and within the patient's vein 23 , as shown in FIG. 2 C .
- the microlumen 60 is in fluid communication with the infusion channel 58 .
- the catheter 20 or more specifically for the device 100 , the radial space between the outside surface of the microlumen 60 and the interior surface of the catheter 20 , is in fluid communication with the blood collection channel 54 via outlet 64 ( FIGS. 6 and 7 C ).
- a microlumen 60 having at least a minimum amount of rigidity while remaining flexible enough to remain safely within the catheter 20 and vein 23 has been found to be advantageous in threading the microlumen 60 into the connector 24 and catheter 20 .
- a microlumen formed from braided and coated PTFE such as product code 165 -III available from Microlumen of Oldsmar, Fla.
- the device 100 provides selective operation in an infusion/non-collection mode and an infusion/collection mode.
- IV fluid 14 is provided simultaneously from IV inlet 43 to each of the infusion channel 58 , including the microlumen 60 , and the blood collection channel 54 , including catheter 20 , of the fluid system 101 .
- IV fluid 14 flows into the fluid system at the IV inlet 43 and simultaneously exits within the vein 23 at the respective distal ends 22 and 62 of the catheter 20 and microlumen 60 .
- the blood collection channel 54 of the device 100 is closed off from the IV inlet 43 and thus from the supply of IV fluid 14 .
- the fluid isolation of the IV inlet 43 from the blood channel 54 can be implemented by any one of various mechanical or electromechanical actuators known in the art.
- a two-way rotary valve 80 FIG. 3
- valve passage 84 a ( FIGS. 2 B and 9 C ) is fluidly isolated from the IV inlet 43 but remains fluidly coupled to the blood channel 54 .
- the valve passage 84 a thus forms a portion of the blood collection channel 54 in both valve positions 83 a and 83 b.
- a vacuum blood collection tube is fluidly coupled with the blood collection channel 54 via an outlet, for example, a needle channel 84 b .
- the vacuum of the collection tube 15 draws blood 18 into the catheter 20 , or more specifically from the space between the catheter 20 and microlumen 60 as shown in FIG. 2 C , through the blood collection channel 54 and into the collection tube 15 .
- the collection of blood 18 occurs simultaneously with and without interruption of the infusion of IV therapy fluid 14 through the infusion channel 58 , exiting into the vein 23 of the patient at the distal end 62 of the microlumen 60 .
- the fluid entering the collection tube 15 initially will be IV fluid 14 , and then a mixture of IV fluid 14 and blood 18 , and then only blood 18 .
- the first collection tube 15 filled from the blood collection channel 54 is discarded and a subsequently filled blood collection tube 15 that contains only blood 18 and no IV fluid 14 are retained.
- the collection tube 15 is fluidly uncoupled from the blood collection channel 54 , and if desired, subsequent collection tubes 15 are coupled, filled, and uncoupled, and then the rotary valve 80 is returned to the non-collection valve position 83 a , fluidly recoupling the blood collection channel 54 with the therapy fluid 14 from the IV inlet 43 , thereby again providing the infusion/non-collection mode of FIG. 2 A in which IV fluid 14 is simultaneously provided to each of the catheter 20 and the microlumen 60 .
- the distal end 62 of the microlumen 60 is shown protruding distally from within the distal end 22 of the catheter 20 .
- the length of the distal portion 62 of the microlumen 60 that protrudes from the distal end 22 of the catheter 20 is illustratively around 10 mm, but it can vary depending on various fluid dynamic features of the device 100 , including the type and model of catheter 20 and microlumen 62 used, and the desired blood collection flow rate.
- the protrusion length and blood collection flow rate are of significant importance to the invention herein, in order to prevent mixing at distal end 22 , and thus contamination, of the drawn blood 18 with the IV fluids 14 , as will become apparent from the discussion below.
- a typical IV catheter 20 is 18 or 20 gauge
- a microlumen 60 providing the desired functionality when axially inserted within the catheter 20 is about 24 to 25 gauge.
- Valve housing 40 includes a housing top 44 and a housing bottom 45 that together define a valve cavity 50 , IV infusion channel portions 58 a and 58 b , and a blood collection channel 54 .
- the valve housing 40 provides continuous fluid communication through infusion channel 58 a , thus continuously providing IV fluid 14 presented at IV inlet 43 to each of the outlet 64 and the microlumen 60 .
- the valve cavity 50 sealingly houses the rotary valve 80 , which provides IV fluid 14 to blood collection channel 54 selectively in the non-collection mode of operation.
- valve body 82 may include a sealing ridge or other feature 85 that prevents seepage of fluids and the valve body 82 and/or valve cavity 50 may be coated with a sealing and/or lubricating material prior to assembly, for example silicone spray or gel, or may include an elastomeric sealing layer.
- a sealing and/or lubricating material for example silicone spray or gel, or may include an elastomeric sealing layer.
- the rotary valve 80 includes a valve body 82 that defines a valve passage 84 a having openings connecting to opposite sides of the valve body ( FIGS. 3 and 7 C ).
- the valve body 82 further defines a draw port 81 that is fluidly plugged by and retains septum 76 ( FIG. 3 ) and tube holder engagement features 86 and 87 that will be described further below.
- the draw port 81 at a bottom 77 of the septum 76 is fluidly coupled to the valve passage 84 a by needle passage 84 b ( FIG. 7 B ).
- needle passage 84 b FIG. 7 B
- the valve passage 84 a of the valve 80 fluidly couples the infusion channel portion 58 b to the blood collection channel 54 , supplying IV fluid 14 to the catheter head 63 and catheter 20 .
- valve passage 84 a of valve 80 when the valve 80 is rotated to a collection position 83 b the valve passage 84 a of valve 80 is fluidly isolated from the infusion channel portion 58 b yet remains in fluid communication with the blood collection channel 54 , thus providing a path for blood 18 entering the distal end 22 of the catheter 20 to be supplied to the valve passages 84 a , the needle channel 84 b and the bottom 77 of the septum 76 .
- the collection tube holder 30 provides an adaptor to couple a blood collection tube 15 to the valve housing 40 , and also functions to actuate the valve 80 between the non-collection position 83 a ( FIG. 8 C ) for the infusion/non-collection mode of operation and collection position 83 b ( FIG. 9 C ) for the infusion/collection mode of operation.
- the tube holder 30 includes an insertion and rotation handle 31 , a central tube receptacle 32 , a tube stop 33 at the base of the receptacle, a draw port interface 36 , and a draw needle 34 . Referring to FIG.
- the draw needle 34 extends through the tube stop 33 and has a top end 34 a extending above the tube stop 33 and upwardly into the tube receptacle 32 .
- the draw needle 34 also extends downwardly below the tube stop 33 and within the central area 39 enclosed by the draw port interface 36 .
- the draw port interface 36 functions in part to encircle and prevent injury from the sharp lower end 34 b of the needle 34 .
- the tube holder interface 36 is configured to fit within an opening 46 in the valve housing 40 and engage with the valve 80 and housing 40 upon coupling the tube holder 30 and shroud 70 to the valve housing 40 .
- the engagement of the tube holder 30 with the valve housing 40 and the valve 80 provides axial positioning of the draw needle 34 and rotation of the valve 80 . More specifically, the engagement axially extends the draw needle 34 through the septum bottom 77 and the needle channel 84 b and into the valve passage 84 a , as shown in FIG. 9 B . Additionally, the engagement rotates the valve 80 and valve housing 40 from the infusion/non-collection valve position 83 a to the infusion/collection valve position 83 b .
- mechanical features can be provided with the tube holder 30 , housing 40 , and/or the valve 80 so that mechanical detents or other sensory feedback is provided that indicated the range of limits of full rotation and/or axial translation to ensure proper use and operation.
- the tube holder interface 36 defines various engagement features, including axial draw tabs 37 , rotational slots 38 , and a central area 39 .
- the valve housing 40 defines various engagement features, including the opening 46 , draw tab receivers 47 , and draw ramps 48 .
- the valve 80 defines various engagement features, including receiver 86 and rotational cogs 37 . The function and interaction of the various engagement features will be described further below in the operation of the device 100 .
- FIGS. 7 A- 7 C, 8 A- 8 C, 9 A- 9 C, and 10 A- 10 C illustrate the various steps and stages of the infusion/non-collection mode of operation, preparing the device 100 for a blood draw, drawing blood into collection tube(s) 15 in the infusion/collection mode of operation, and returning the device 100 to the infusion/non-collection mode of operation.
- the installation of the infusion and blood collection device 100 for intravenous therapy of a patient is described.
- the peripheral venous catheter 20 Prior to installation of the device 100 , following standard techniques well-known in the art, the peripheral venous catheter 20 is typically inserted into a vein of the patient and the IV therapy tube 10 is connected via a Luer-type or other connection 11 .
- the IV therapy fluid flow 14 through IV infusion line 10 is stopped, and the peripheral venous catheter 20 is disconnected from the IV infusion line 10 .
- the valve housing 40 of the device is connected to the IV infusion line 10 by connecting the connector 11 to the inlet port 43 and the fluid flow 14 through the IV infusion line 10 is then restarted, and the IV fluid 14 (or e.g., heparin) flowing into inlet port 43 fills both the blood collection channel 54 and the infusion channel 58 in the housing 40 until the IV fluid 14 flows from the catheter head 63 , thus pushing all air from the channels 54 and 58 .
- the protective cap 96 ( FIG. 5 ) can be removed from the catheter head 63 , exposing the microlumen 60 , for example, by actuating release 98 .
- the catheter head 63 can then be attached to the catheter 20 (which, for example, has remained in the patient) by inserting the microlumen 60 all the way through the catheter 20 and tightening the Luer-type or other connector 65 onto the male catheter connector 63 , thus allowing the IV therapy fluid 14 to infuse into the patient from both the catheter 20 and the microlumen 60 .
- valve housing 40 can be grasped from above and held in the palm while the release 98 is actuated, the microlumen 60 guided, and the connector 65 rotated by wing 66 all with the free thumb and/or forefinger of the hand holding the valve housing 40 , freeing the other hand to apply pressure to the vein 23 to prevent blood flow through the catheter 20 from the uncoupling of the IV line connector 11 until the coupling of the device 100 connector 65 .
- medical tape can be applied over surface 91 and around the patient's arm to hold the valve housing 40 in place.
- valve housing 40 can include ridges or other protrusions defined by the housing bottom 45 to limit skin contact or risk of skin breakdown. Additionally, to allow drainage of any liquids entering the opening 46 when the tube holder 30 is not in place, and minimize the possibility of microbial growth, drainage channels 51 extending downward from within the opening 46 can be defined through the housing 40 .
- the device 100 can also be installed in-line with the catheter 20 upon the catheter 20 first being placed and before an IV infusion line 10 is connected to the catheter 20 .
- the device 100 can be connected to the IV infusion line 10 and flushed of air with the IV fluid 14 . Then, with the device 100 prepared, the the peripheral venous catheter 20 can be placed into a vein of the patient and the catheter head 63 attached to the catheter 20 as described above.
- the device 100 is shown in the infusion/non-collection mode of operation after installation in-line with IV line 10 and the catheter 20 .
- the tube holder 30 and shroud 70 are uncoupled from the valve housing 40 and the rotary valve 80 is in the infusion/non-collection rotational position 83 a ( FIG. 7 C ) in which IV fluid 14 provided at the inlet 43 is simultaneously provided to each of the blood collection channel 54 and the infusion channel 58 a , and thus simultaneously flows in the patient's vein 23 from each of catheter 20 and microlumen 60 .
- an alcohol or other sterilizing swab is used to clean the septum 76 and the area within the opening 46 to remove any contaminates.
- the tube holder 30 is coupled to the valve housing 40 .
- the axial draw tabs 37 are rotationally aligned with the draw tab receivers 47 and the tube holder 30 is moved vertically downwards in the direction shown in FIGS. 7 A and 7 B , engaging the tabs 37 through the receivers 47 and into draw ramps 48 and engaging the side flanges 72 around the valve housing 40 .
- the shroud 70 and the tube holder 30 is releasably retained to the valve housing 40 by the engagement of protrusions 71 into recesses 41 located on each side of the valve housing 40 .
- the lower end 34 b of the draw needle 34 has not penetrated the septum 76 and the rotary valve 80 remains in the infusion/non-collection rotational position 83 a .
- the flanges 72 can define friction elements such as ridges to facilitate holding the device 100 securely during the subsequent below steps.
- the tube holder 30 is rotated clockwise relative to the valve housing 40 as shown in FIG. 8 A .
- FIGS. 9 B and 9 C showing the device 100 with rotation complete, rotation of the tube holder 30 rotates the draw tabs 37 within the draw ramps 48 of the housing 40 .
- the draw ramps 48 spiral downward so that the rotation results in the tube holder interface 36 translating axially downward farther into the valve housing 40 to the position shown in FIG. 9 B in which the lower end 34 b of the draw needle 34 pierces the septum 76 and extends into the valve passage 84 a .
- valve passage 84 a ( FIGS. 2 B and 9 C ) is fluidly isolated from IV inlet 43 but remains fluidly coupled to the blood channel 54 .
- Mechanical stops (not shown), for example, the ends of the draw ramps 48 contacted by the draw tabs 37 prevent over rotation of the valve 80 in the clockwise and counter-clockwise directions.
- an initial length of the draw ramps 48 defined in the valve housing 40 and engaged by the draw tabs 37 can extend circumferentially without downward axially displacement in order to provide for some or all of the rotation of the valve 80 before subsequent axial translation of the interface 36 and needle 34 , thus ensuring that the fluid connection between the lower needle end 34 b and the valve passage 84 a is not made until the valve passage 84 a is closed off from the infusion channel portion 58 b and thus from the supply of the IV fluid 14 .
- a vacuum blood collection tube 15 is fluidly coupled with the blood collection channel 54 via needle channel 84 b and valve passage 84 a . More specifically, in pushing a collection tube downward into tube receptacle 32 and against the tube stop 33 of the tube holder 30 , the septum 16 of the collection tube 15 pushes the elastomeric needle cover 35 downward, exposing the upper needle end 34 a allowing it to pierce the collection tube septum 16 . The vacuum of the collection tube 15 draws blood 18 into the catheter 20 , as shown in FIG. 2 C , through the blood collection channel 54 , valve passage 84 a , needle 34 , and into the collection tube 15 .
- the collection of blood 18 occurs simultaneous with and without interruption of infusion of IV therapy fluid 14 through infusion channel 58 , exiting into the vein 23 of the patient at the distal end 62 of the microlumen 60 .
- the collection tube 15 is uncoupled from the tube holder 30 , and if desired, subsequent collection tubes 15 are coupled, filled, and uncoupled.
- a passive fluid flow restriction provided by needle 34 , and the elastomeric cover 35 again covering the upper end 34 a of the needle 34 , blood 18 will cease to flow through needle 34 with no collection tube 15 in place.
- the flow restriction can be provided by the selected ID of the needle 34 , by crimping the needle 34 to a specific desired cross-sectional area, or by other mechanically passive means known in the art to limit flow.
- tube holder 30 is rotated counter-clockwise and the shroud 70 and tube holder 30 are separated from the valve housing 40 , as shown in FIG. 10 A .
- Rotating the tube holder 30 counter-clockwise returns the rotary valve 80 to the non-collection valve position 83 a , fluidly recoupling the blood collection channel 54 with the therapy fluid 14 from the IV inlet 43 .
- the tube holder 30 Rotating the tube holder 30 counter-clockwise also axially translates the interface 36 and needle 34 upwardly as the draw tabs 37 are spiraled upward within draw ramps 48 .
- the draw tabs 37 are again aligned with 47 , the rotation is complete and interface 36 can be fully withdrawn from the opening 46 and the flanges 72 withdrawn from over the valve housing 40 , as shown in FIG. 10 B .
- the septum 76 is self-sealing, so that when the needle 34 is withdrawn and the IV fluid 14 flows through the valve passage 84 a without escaping at the septum 76 .
- IV fluid 14 is again simultaneously provided to each of the catheter 20 and the microlumen 60 , flushing the blood collection channel 54 of the blood 18 earlier drawn into it, and providing for continuing use of the device 100 .
- the blood collection channel 54 including the valve passage 84 a , are self-flushing in that the return to the infusion/non-collection mode flushes any remaining blood through the catheter 20 with the flow of IV fluid 14 , thus preventing any coagulation and potential blockage or other hazards of blood 18 associated with the device 100 . Because the draw needle 34 associated with the tube holder 30 is not flushed, it is discarded and a new tube holder 30 is utilized when another blood draw from the patient is desired.
- the device 100 is designed so as to prevent contamination of the blood 18 being drawn with the IV fluids 14 .
- the ability of the device 100 to provide this function is due in part to two features of the device: 1) a protrusion of the tip of the microlumen 60 in the vein 23 , an optimum minimum distance beyond the tip of the catheter 20 (see FIG. 2 C ); 2) a related restriction in the flow in the blood 18 being collected when the rotary valve 80 is rotated to the collection position 83 b.
- the distal tip 62 of microlumen 60 extends 10 mm beyond the distal tip 22 of the catheter 20 , paired with a restriction in the blood collection channel 54 to reduce the blood collection flow rate to 30 ml/min or less, provides sufficient protection against the IV fluids 14 flowing out from the distal tip 62 of the microlumen 60 being drawn toward and mixed in with the blood 18 being drawn into the distal tip 22 of the catheter 20 for collection in the collection tube 30 .
- both the length of the protrusion of the tip of the microlumen relative to the tip of the catheter, and the degree of restriction of blood flow 18 may vary upward or downward depending on various factors such as, for example, the particular gauge of catheters 20 and 60 being used, the vacuum pressure in the particular collection tube 30 , the venous or arterial location of the catheter 20 in the patient, and the rate of infusion of IV therapy fluid 14 out the microlumen 60 .
- the flow rate would correspondingly have to be further restricted and decreased, and with a protrusion length longer than 10 mm, the flow rate may be increased correspondingly.
- this restriction can be accomplished in various ways known in the art and at various locations along the path of the flow of the blood 18 between the distal end 22 of catheter 20 and the blood collection tube 15 , either active restriction device, passive restriction device, or a combination of active and passive restriction devices.
- the restriction in flow rate is made passively via the choice of the gauge of the penetration needle 34 that penetrates the end of the collection tube, thus a needle is selected having a sufficiently narrow internal diameter to provide the required limit to blood flow rate.
- a restriction limiting the flow rate to about 30 ml/minute provides the desired lack of contamination of the blood sample collected.
- This desired restriction is passively provided by using a penetration needle 34 having a gauge of about 24.
- a needle 34 can be cut from a length of stainless steel 304 hypodermic round tubing stock, for example, part number B00137QIWS, available from Amazon.com, LLC, of Seattle, Wash.
- the volume flow rate (Q) of the blood 18 is driven by the change in pressure ( ⁇ P) for the blood 18 between the patient and the collection tube 15 , and most notably in the illustrative embodiment of the device 110 , at the point of passive restriction in the blood flow 18 , the draw needle 34 .
- ⁇ P change in pressure
- the fluid dynamic principles for laminar flow with an applied force and no-slip boundary condition between a desired blood volume flow rate (Q) and a pressure gradient ( ⁇ P) can be used.
- FIGS. 11 and 13 in the Drawings section show a perspective view of a second illustrative embodiment of an illustrative infusion and blood collection device 110 of the invention herein, illustratively installed between a standard IV infusion line 10 and a standard catheter 20 , for example, a peripheral venous catheter.
- a standard catheter 20 is the shielded IV catheter product number 381703, also known as the BD Angiocath Autoguard 20 gauge, available from Becton, Dickson and Company (BD), of Sandy, Utah.
- the illustrative embodiment of the infusion and blood collection device 110 of the present invention comprises the following main components, depicted in FIG. 11 .
- a collection tube holder 120 for receiving a standard vacuum collection tube 15 , a transfer valve and collection body 140 , an intravenous infusion inlet 143 ( FIG. 12 ) for fluid coupling with the IV infusion line 10 , a blood collection lumen 150 , an intravenous infusion lumen 160 , and a catheter head assembly 200 for fluid coupling with the catheter 20 .
- the blood collection lumen 150 and intravenous infusion lumen 160 couple the catheter head assembly 200 to the transfer valve and collection body 140 .
- FIG. 12 illustrates the tube holder 120 , vacuum collection tube 15 , and transfer valve and collection body 140 , assembled together
- FIG. 13 illustrates the catheter head assembly 200 , including a catheter head body 202 .
- the distal end of the catheter head body 202 includes a connector 204 for coupling the connector 83 ( FIG. 23 ) at the proximate end 24 of a standard venous catheter 20 .
- catheter head assembly 200 comprises an attached, microlumen 210 that passes coaxially through the interior of catheter 20 .
- FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional side view of catheter head assembly 200 and illustrates the internal passageways 250 and 260 defined by body 202 .
- Blood collection passageway 250 retains and is in fluid communication with the blood collection lumen 150 and with the catheter 20 , or more specifically, the open space between the interior of the catheter 20 and exterior of the microlumen 210 .
- Infusion passageway 260 retains and is in fluid communication with intravenous infusion lumen 160 and the microlumen 210 .
- a blood collection channel 152 is defined in part by the passage defined by the space between the catheter 20 and microlumen 210 , the passageway 250 , and the lumen 150 .
- An infusion channel 162 is defined in part by the microlumen 210 , the passageway 260 , and the lumen 160 .
- the blood collection channel 152 is used to provide infusion flow to the patient when the device 110 is in an infusion/non-collection mode, and, as discussed below, for reverse flow of blood 18 from the patient to the collection tube 15 , when the device 110 is in an infusion/collection mode.
- the infusion channel 162 is used in either mode only for one-way infusion flow to the patient, as is discussed below.
- FIGS. 23 - 25 the distal end 212 of the microlumen 210 is shown protruding distally out from the distal end 22 of the catheter 20 .
- FIG. 25 is an enlarged, partial view of the distal tip portion 22 of catheter 20 , and more clearly illustrates the protruding distal portion 212 of the microlumen 210 .
- the length of the distal portion 212 of the microlumen 210 that protrudes from the distal end 22 of the catheter 20 is illustratively around 10 mm, but it can vary depending on the type and model of catheter used and the desired blood collection flow rate.
- a typical catheter 20 is 18 or 20 gauge, and a microlumen 210 providing the desired functionality when axially inserted within catheter 20 is about 24 to 25 gauge.
- FIGS. 11 and 13 also illustrate the catheter head assembly 200 , including a microlumen stabilizer pull handle 206 (omitted from the views illustrated in FIGS. 23 and 24 ).
- Pull handle 206 is connected to a wire or pin (not shown) that is inserted through the interior of microlumen 210 , providing rigidity to the microlumen 210 and catheter 20 for insertion of the respective distal ends 212 and 22 into the patient.
- the pull handle 206 is actuated proximately along its axis, thereby extracting the wire or pin (not shown) from the interior of microlumen 210 , reducing rigidity.
- the technique of catheter insertion can follow the standard technique for catheter insertion that is well-known in the art.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a close-up perspective view of the assembled tube holder 120 , vacuum collection tube 15 , and transfer valve and collection body 140 .
- FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate the transfer valve and collection body 140 and the tube holder 120 , respectively, disassembled from one another.
- a perspective view of the bottom side of the tube holder 120 is shown in FIG. 15 .
- Transfer valve and collection body 140 encloses a transfer valve housing 142 (see FIG. 16 below), including a valve assembly 180 (partially shown in FIG. 19 , and discussed in greater detail below), and a locking interface having keyed openings 141 a and retention flanges 141 b for locating and retaining the tube holder 120 relative to the valve assembly 180 .
- the retention wings 122 protruding radially from actuator receiver 124 on a bottom of the tube holder 120 are received through the keyed openings 141 a , and upon the tube holder 120 being rotated relative to the transfer valve and collection body 140 , the retention wings 122 rotate under the retention flanges 141 b to retain the tube holder 120 firmly to the transfer valve and collection body 140 .
- the valve assembly 180 includes a rotary valve 182 , a valve actuator 184 , an elastomeric valve layer 190 , and a portion of the housing top 144 .
- the actuator 184 is spaced apart from and rotationally fixed with the rotary valve 182 by a central shaft 181 .
- the elastomeric valve layer 190 and portion of housing top 144 are fixed relative to the housing 140 , and therefore do not rotate with the rotary valve 182 , actuator 184 , and shaft 181 .
- Actuator 184 ( FIGS. 14 and 16 ) defines an opening comprising a latch boss receiver 186 that engagingly receives latch boss 148 ( FIG. 17 ), and further defines an elongated, arcuate opening comprising a draw port interface receiver 188 that engagingly receives the draw port interface 130 ( FIG. 15 ) of the tube holder 120 .
- the tube holder 120 also comprises a latch actuation key 126 and an elongated, arcuate draw port interface 130 , both located within the actuator receiver 124 .
- the draw port interface 130 is positioned and sized to fit precisely into draw port interface receiver 188 upon mounting the tube holder 120 to the transfer valve and collection body 140 .
- latch actuation key 126 is positioned and sized to fit precisely into the latch boss receiver 186 upon mounting the tube holder 120 to the transfer valve and collection body 140 .
- Draw port interface 130 further comprises a recessed alcohol or other disinfectant swab 134 and a needleless draw nozzle 132 .
- Transfer valve housing 142 includes a housing top 144 and a housing bottom 145 .
- Transfer valve housing 142 also houses a valve assembly 180 comprising an valve actuator 184 and a rotary valve 182 (not shown in FIG. 16 ) rigidly held together with a shaft 181 , and the housing top 144 and an elastomeric valve layer 190 there between (the valve assembly 180 is discussed in greater detail in connection with FIG. 19 below).
- Materials from which the housing 142 , tube holder 120 , actuator 184 , and valve 182 can be formed include, for example, structural polymer material such as ABS, Polyurethane, Polycarbonate, PBT, PEI, PEEK, Polypropylene, PET, and the like.
- Materials from which the elastomeric layer 190 can be formed include, for example, thermoplastic urethane, thermoplastic vulcanizate, PEBA, TPE, RTV Silicone, and the like.
- the housing top 144 includes an opening 146 for receiving the valve assembly central shaft 181 there through and a curved latch cantilever 147 at the distal tip of which is located a latch boss 148 .
- the latch boss 148 cooperates with the latch boss receiver 186 of the valve actuator 184 to rotationally lock the valve assembly 180 relative to the housing 142 and elastomeric valve layer 190 .
- the housing top 144 also includes a needleless draw port 154 from which a blood collection flow 18 is provided to the tube holder 120 during a particular operating mode described further below.
- valve assembly 180 shows the valve assembly 180 with its valve actuator 184 , rotary valve 182 , and shaft 181 .
- valve actuator 184 defines the latch boss receiver 186 and the draw port interface receiver 188 for the draw port.
- Rotary valve 182 is shown in FIG. 19 to define transfer channel 183 .
- the valve 182 and actuator 184 are spaced apart to fit precisely on opposite sides of the housing top 144 and elastomeric valve layer 190 , as is best illustrated in FIGS.
- FIG. 18 and various subsequent FIGS. shows a semi-transparent view of the transfer valve housing 142 , including fluid passageways defined by portions of the housing top 144 , elastomeric valve layer 190 , rotary valve 182 . These fluid passageways are selectively in fluid communication with the incoming IV infusion line 10 via inlet 143 , the infusion lumen 160 , the blood collection lumen 150 , and the needless draw port 154 .
- the blood collection channel 152 is further defined by a blood collection passageway 194 , including blood collection transfer orifice 195 , and draw port 154 .
- the blood collection lumen 150 , passageway 194 , transfer orifice 195 , and draw port 154 are always in fluid communication for both operating modes, namely the infusion/non-collection mode illustrated in FIG. 26 - 27 , and the infusion/collection mode illustrated in FIG. 28 - 29 .
- the infusion channel 162 is further defined by the infusion passageway 197 , including the infusion transfer orifice 196 .
- the infusion lumen 160 , passageway 197 , transfer orifice 196 , inlet 143 , and IV infusion line 10 are likewise always in fluid communication for both operating modes.
- valve assembly 180 and tube holder 120 are in their counterclockwise most position, shown in FIGS. 16 and 26 - 28 .
- This relative position provides the infusion/non-collection mode of operation, in which the transfer channel 183 defined by the rotary valve 182 is in a rotational position 183 a , shown best in FIG. 27 , but also shown in FIGS. 20 and 26 , which provides unrestricted fluid communication between the infusion transfer orifice 196 and the blood collection orifice 195 , the function of which will be further described below.
- the infusion/collection mode of operation is provided, in which the transfer channel 183 is located in the rotation position 183 b , shown in FIGS. 21 and 28 - 29 , which provides fluid isolation between the infusion transfer orifice 196 and the blood collection orifice 195 , and thus, fluid isolation through all of the blood collection channel 152 and the infusion channel 162 .
- the needleless draw nozzle 132 is in fluid communication with the needleless draw port 154 , and thus the blood collection channel 152 is further defined in this operating mode by the needleless draw nozzle 132 and tube penetration needle 136 .
- Selection between the infusion/non-collection mode and the infusion/collection mode is provided by the mounting and clockwise rotation, and the counter-clockwise rotation and unmounting of the tube holder 120 with the transfer valve and collection body 140 , including the associated function of various interoperative structures resulting from the mounting and rotation.
- the valve actuator 184 is received into the actuator receiver 124 ( FIG. 15 ), and the latch actuation key 126 extends downward into the latch boss receiver 186 , from the side opposite that from which the boss 148 of cantilever 147 upwardly extends into the latch boss receiver 186 , pressing the boss 148 downward and clear of the latch boss receiver 186 .
- the draw port interface 130 fits precisely into draw port interface receiver 188 .
- the two are brought together, fitting the matching and retention features as described above, and the holder 120 is rotated so as to engage the tube holder retention wings 122 under the retention flanges 141 b.
- FIG. 22 shows a cross-sectional cut-off view of the tube holder 120 and the transfer valve and collection body 140 assembled together.
- FIG. 22 also shows the collection tube penetration needle 136 that is coupled to the tube holder 120 , projecting upwardly into the center of tube receptacle 128 , and in fluid communication with the needleless draw nozzle 132 .
- FIG. 22 also illustrates the collection tube penetration needle 136 penetrating the cover 17 portion of the collection tube 15 that is inserted axially into the tube receptacle 128 so that a blood sample 18 can be collected therein.
- the figure shows the assembly in the normal, non-blood-collection mode, wherein the needleless draw nozzle 132 does not overlap the needleless draw port 154 .
- valve assembly 180 functions to provide the IV fluid 14 flowing into inlet 143 from IV infusion line 10 into both channels 152 and 162 , and thus both lumens 150 and 160 , as shown in FIG. 20 , and continues on in both channels through both the catheter 20 and microlumen 210 and into the patient's vein.
- the installation of the infusion and blood collection device 110 during intravenous therapy of a patient is described.
- the peripheral venous catheter 20 Prior to installation of the device 110 , following standard techniques well-known in the art, the peripheral venous catheter 20 is typically inserted into a vein of the patient and the IV therapy tube 10 is connected via a Luer-type or other connection 11 .
- the IV therapy fluid flow 14 through IV infusion line 10 is stopped, and the peripheral venous catheter 20 is disconnected from the IV infusion line 10 .
- the transfer valve and collection body 140 of the device is connected to the IV infusion line 10 by connecting the connector 11 to the inlet port 143 .
- the fluid flow 14 through the IV infusion line 10 is then restarted, and the IV fluid 14 (or e.g., heparin) flowing into inlet port 143 fills both the blood collection channel 152 and the infusion channel 162 in the housing 142 , lumens 150 and 160 , passageways 250 and 260 defined by the catheter head body 202 , until the IV fluid 14 flows from the catheter head assembly 200 , thus pushing all air from the channels 152 and 162 .
- the IV fluid 14 or e.g., heparin
- the catheter head assembly 200 can then be attached to the catheter 20 (which, for example, has remained in the patient) by inserting the microlumen 210 all the way through the catheter 20 and tightening the Luer-type or other connector 204 onto the male connector 83 , as shown in FIG. 23 .
- the microlumen stabilizer pull handle 206 is then pulled, retracting the wire or pin from the interior of the microlumen 210 , and with the IV therapy resumed, thus allowing the IV therapy fluid 14 to infuse into the patient from both the catheter 20 and the microlumen 210 (not precisely illustrated).
- the infusion/non-collection transfer channel position 183 a functions to provide IV fluid flow 14 from the IV infusion line 10 through both the blood collection line/channel 150 / 152 and the IV infusion line/channel 160 / 162 .
- the IV fluid 14 flows from the IV infusion line 10 through to the infusion conduit 197 , where it is free to flow into infusion orifice 196 and flow out through the two pathways: the infusion line 160 and also through the transfer channel 183 , through the blood collection orifice 195 , into blood collection conduit 194 and out the blood collection line 150 .
- the transfer channel 183 on the valve assembly 180 is in the infusion/non-collection position 183 a and the blood collection port 154 is closed off from fluid 14 escaping the port.
- the blood collection port 154 can be sealed by the design of an elastomeric central portion 155 having slits 157 and that is bulbous downward toward the source of internal pressure of the fluid 14 , and wherein the internal pressure of the fluid 14 cooperates with the geometry of the central portion 155 to more tightly seal the port 154 , preventing an opening 156 ( FIGS. 30 B and 31 B ) from forming between the slits 157 .
- valve actuator 184 against which the top surface 158 of the central portion 155 rests when the device 110 is in the infusion/non-collection mode can act to seal or to further seal the port 154 , preventing an opening 156 ( FIGS. 30 B and 31 B ) from forming between the slits 157 .
- the use of the infusion and blood collection device 110 to draw blood 18 from the patient and into a collection tube 30 without interrupting the IV therapy of the patient is described.
- the device 110 is installed between IV therapy infusion line 10 and patient catheter 20 and flushed off all air as described above.
- a tube holder 120 disassembled from the transfer valve and collection body 140 , is held in one hand, and a heat sealed tab (not shown) sealing over the blood draw port interface 130 is pulled away from the tube holder 120 , exposing the interface 130 , including the alcohol swab 134 and the previously sterilized draw nozzle 132 .
- the retention wings 122 of the tube holder 120 are aligned to the keyed openings 141 a of the transfer valve and collection body 140 . This also aligns the draw port interface 130 with the interface receiver 188 , and also aligns the latch boss receiver 186 with the latch actuation key 126 .
- the tube holder 120 is pressed firmly into position, so that the valve actuator 184 is received into the actuator receiver 124 , which presses the latch actuation key 126 into the latch boss receiver 186 , deflecting the latch boss 148 (including cantilever 147 ) downward so that it is flush with the top surface of the housing top 144 , and thus axially out from the latch boss receiver 186 so that the valve actuator 184 (including the rotary valve 182 and elastomeric valve layer 190 ) may rotate.
- the draw port interface 130 is also seated within the interface receiver 188 of the valve actuator 184 , thus rotating the valve actuator 184 and rotary valve 182 as the tube holder 120 is rotated clockwise relative to the housing 140 .
- the tube holder 120 can be rotated clockwise relative to the transfer valve and collection body 140 , rotating the retention wings 122 under the retention flanges 141 b until the wings 122 reach a rotational stop (not shown), retaining the tube holder 120 in place on the transfer valve and collection body 140 .
- FIGS. 20 and 21 or 26 and 28 show the flow pattern of the IV fluid 14 through the transfer valve and collection body 140 with the transfer channel 183 connecting channels 152 and 162 in the non-collection rotational position 183 a
- FIGS. 21 and 29 showing the flow pattern of the IV fluid 14 and blood 18 through the transfer valve and collection body 140 with the transfer channel 183 moved into the collection position 183 b , which isolates the channels 152 and 162 .
- FIGS. 20 and 21 or 26 and 28 showing the flow pattern of the IV fluid 14 through the transfer valve and collection body 140 with the transfer channel 183 connecting channels 152 and 162 in the non-collection rotational position 183 a
- FIGS. 21 and 29 shows the flow pattern of the IV fluid 14 and blood 18 through the transfer valve and collection body 140 with the transfer channel 183 moved into the collection position 183 b , which isolates the channels 152 and 162 .
- IV therapy fluid 14 infusion through the infusion channel 162 and out microlumen 210 continues without being inhibited, as shown in FIG. 25 .
- the blood collection port 154 can be sealed by the design of an elastomeric central portion 155 having slits 157 and that is bulbous downward toward the source of internal pressure of the fluid 14 , and wherein the internal pressure of the fluid 14 cooperates with the geometry of the central portion 155 to more tightly seal the port 154 , preventing an opening 156 ( FIGS. 30 B and 31 B ) from forming between the slits 157 .
- valve actuator 184 against which the top surface 158 of the central portion 155 rests when the device 110 is in the infusion/non-collection mode can act to seal or to further seal the port 154 , preventing an opening 156 ( FIGS. 30 B and 31 B ) from forming between the slits 157 .
- the next step in this illustrative use entails placing the collection tube 30 into the tube receptacle 128 of the tube holder 120 and pressing downward into the position shown in FIG. 22 , allowing the penetration needle 136 to pierce the collection tube cover 32 and the vacuum in the tube 30 to pull blood 18 via the blood collection channel 152 , namely, through the collection tube penetration needle 136 , the needleless nozzle 132 , the needleless draw port 154 which the nozzle 132 seals, the passageway 194 , the transfer orifice 195 , the draw channel lumen 150 , the passageway 250 defined by the catheter head body 202 , and between the catheter 20 and the microlumen 210 , as shown in FIGS. 24 - 25 and 28 - 29 .
- the blood collection port 154 is actuated by a chamfered protrusion 133 a defined at a distal end of the needleless draw nozzle 132 and sized and shaped to cooperate to open the blood collection port 154 . More specifically, the top surface 158 of the elastomeric central portion 155 is pressed axially downward by the protrusion 133 a , deforming the central portion 155 and allowing an opening 156 to form between the slits 157 , thus allowing blood 18 to flow upwardly through the axial channel 133 b in the nozzle 132 and on through the penetration needle 136 and into the collection tube 130 .
- the collection tube 30 is extracted from the tube receptacle 138 , and the tube holder 120 is grasped in one hand and the transfer valve and collection body 140 in the other, the tube holder 120 is rotated counterclockwise relative to the body 140 and separated therefrom. This rotation and separation rotates the valve actuator 182 and the rotary valve 184 to the counterclockwise position shown in FIGS.
- the blood collection channel 152 and infusion channel 162 are again in fluid communication via the rotational position 183 a of the transfer channel 182 , and the IV therapy fluid 14 is again provided to both channels 152 and 162 ( FIG. 26 ), flushing the blood collection channel 152 of the blood 18 earlier drawn, and providing for reuse of the device 110 with a new or sterilized tube holder 120 and collection tube 30 .
- this restriction can be accomplished in various ways known in the art and at various locations along the blood collection channel 152 , either active restriction device, passive restriction device, or a combination of active and passive restriction devices.
- the restriction in flow rate is made passively via the choice of the gauge of the penetration needle 136 that penetrates the end of the collection tube, thus a needle is selected having a sufficiently narrow internal diameter to provide the required limit to blood flow rate.
- a restriction limiting the flow rate to about 30 ml/minute provided the desired lack of contamination of the blood sample collected.
- This desired restriction was passively provided by using a penetration needle 136 having a gauge of about 24.
- the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by using a tesla-type valve located anywhere along the blood collection channel 152 , including located in the housing 142 .
- the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by utilizing a check valve with a tuned reverse flow rate in lieu of a typical shut off, located anywhere along the blood collection channel 152 .
- the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by utilizing a length of channel of reduced diameter to create the required restriction, located anywhere along the blood collection channel 152 .
- the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by having a reduction in clearance between the outside of the microlumen 210 and the inside of the catheter 20 .
- the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by use of a multi-lumen catheter (venous or arterial) in lieu of a typical peripheral intravenous catheter 20 and microlumen 210 , but with a draw channel offset and of sufficiently small diameter and length to restrict the flow and prevent a diluted draw.
- the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by the use of an active device, which restricts the flow of the blood 18 to a collection device, located anywhere along the blood collection channel 152 .
- the active device can include a pump, which draws the blood and presents the blood to the collection tube 30 .
- the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by having a diaphragm, needle, or other such valve actuated either by electronics or manually to create a restriction located anywhere along the blood collection channel 152 .
- Another embodiment of the invention herein relates to the novel feature of using a valve to segregate two or more infusion channels into a blood collection channel 152 and intravenous therapy infusion channel 162 , as illustrated above.
- An illustrative embodiment of this feature is the use of a rotary valve as illustrated above.
- valve may be a cock-stop type valve, a diaphragm type valve, an electrically actuated solenoid type valve, or a magnetic actuated valve.
- a rotary blood-draw valve with locking features as illustrated herein, to prevent access to the blood collection port by patients, e.g., pediatric or agitated patients or patients suffering from various forms of dementia, or having other elevated risks relating to additional needle insertions.
- a sliding blood-draw valve with locking features to prevent access to the blood collection port by patients, e.g., pediatric or agitated patients or patients suffering from various forms of dementia, or having elevated risks relating to additional needle insertions.
- the illustrative embodiments of the devices 100 and 110 are directed to an angiocatheter (i.e., an IV catheter), as contemplated herein, various features or combinations of features disclosed herein may be applicable to other catheters as well, such as peripherally inserted cardiac catheters, central line catheters, and the like.
- angiocatheter i.e., an IV catheter
- various features or combinations of features disclosed herein may be applicable to other catheters as well, such as peripherally inserted cardiac catheters, central line catheters, and the like.
- the required draw rate would differ because of the geometry of the vein and the blood flow rate in that region; however, the same device 110 and system can be used for controlling the blood collection rate, and a suitable protrusion length of the microlumen tip beyond the catheter tip could be easily determined and used.
- features of one of the devices 100 and 110 can be applied to the other device.
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Abstract
An infusion and blood collection device allows clean blood collections into a collection tube via a previously installed angiocatheter without interrupting the administration of intravenous therapies after initial installation. The device includes a fluid flow restriction device to control the blood collection flow rate to prevent contamination of the collected blood draw with the IV therapy fluid being simultaneously infused through the angiocatheter.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/860,487, filed Jan. 2, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,623,038, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/145,717, filed Dec. 31, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,855,386, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/747,815, filed Dec. 31, 2012, the entireties of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Any disclaimer that may have occurred during the prosecution of the above-referenced applications is hereby expressly rescinded.
- The present invention relates to an infusion and blood collection device. In particular, the present invention is directed to an infusion and blood collection device that allows clean blood collections via an angiocatheter previously installed to administer intravenous fluids.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,610,226 to Albisser discloses a double lumen cannula instrument for the withdrawal of blood over a prolonged period of time. The instrument includes an inner lumen for withdrawing blood and an outer lumen for introducing an anticoagulant diluent. The relative locations of the openings for the inner and outer lumen permit the mixing of the diluent with the withdrawn blood.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,374,245 to Mahurkar discloses an extruded reinforced multiple-lumen catheter for use in medical applications where fluids must flow simultaneously to and from a patient. Blood is withdrawn for a medical procedure (e.g. dialysis) from the patient through one passageway and returned to the patient through another passageway spaced from the first passageway.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,607,401 to Humphrey discloses augmented polymeric hypodermic needles and lancets. The polymeric needles and lancets are stiffened by augmenting means, which includes a slidable guard or foam insert so that they are able to pierce the skin. Without the augmenting means, it is not possible for the polymeric hypodermic lancet to pierce the skin.
- U.S. Pat. No. 5,637,399 to Yoshikawa et al. discloses an extruded synthetic resin needle that is reinforced with combustible fibers. The needle provides a single path administering or withdrawing fluids from a patient.
- The prior art described above does not provide for a catheter assembly that is capable of prolonged insertion in the patient for both the simultaneous administering of intravenous fluids and the periodic withdrawal of blood without mixing the intravenous fluid with the withdrawn blood.
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,758,835 to Close et al. discloses a micro-injection molded disposable needle assembly having more than one passageway formed therein to permit the simultaneous drawing and administering of fluids through separate passageways. The micro-injection molded disposable assembly includes one or more sensors disposed therein for measuring and monitoring one or more desired body or surrounding environmental conditions. It also discloses a method of forming the disposable needle from an elastomeric material using micro-injection molding.
- The invention herein is partly an extension of the device and method disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,758,835 to Close et al. Accordingly, the disclosure of U.S. Pat. No. 6,758,835 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- The devices described in the above prior art focus primarily on the catheter portions of needle assemblies that are capable of prolonged insertion in patients for both the simultaneous administering of intravenous fluids and the withdrawal of blood without mixing the intravenous fluid with the withdrawn blood.
- Unlike the above prior art, the invention herein does not focus primarily on the catheter portion of the needle assembly. Instead, it provides a device that may be inserted between a standard, previously installed intravenous (IV) catheter and a standard IV infusion line, and permits the performing of clean blood collections without interrupting the administering of IV therapy to the patient. For example, IV infusion pumps are typically stopped for 30 seconds or more for any blood collection obtained from the peripheral catheter and the connection between the IV catheter and infusate line are disconnected in order to pull the blood sample through the IV catheter and avoid infusate mixing with the blood collection that can cause erroneous results. If the IV infusion pump is not stopped and a downstream valve (e.g., a 2-, 3-, or 4-way stop cock valve) is used to stop the infusate administration, then a pump alarm this sets off, requiring staff attention because the line is considered occluded. Such fluid infusion restriction alarms on IV infusion pumps are typically triggered when the fluid being infused increases to over 10 psi. Providing a device that avoids interruption of the IV therapy prevents stopping the IV infusion pump or triggering an infusion restriction alarm. Further, the device herein has the purpose of reducing the complexity of the flow transfer portion of commonly used infusates and blood collection devices. Thus, whereas in some of the above prior art the pressure is sensed and controlled actively to ensure a clean blood collection, in the instant invention, the pressure can be controlled passively, or alternatively or additionally, actively.
- When a patient is admitted into a hospital, an emergency room, or some other medical facility, in the vast majority of cases the patient receives an IV catheter of one kind or another. In some instances, the IV catheter is put in place right away upon admission to administer a needed therapy to the patient. In other instances, the IV catheter is put in place simply for risk management reasons, so as to have the catheter ready in case the medical care providers need to quickly administer medications or fluids to the patient. The cannula portion of the IV catheter is placed into a blood vessel, typically in the forearm, hand, or another location in the patient's body, and the connection portion of the IV Catheter to allow IV infusion is typically secured to the outside of the patient's body with any of a variety of available tapes, bands, straps, or other means.
- The typical hospital stay for a patient, on average, is around three days, during which it is reported that two or more sets of laboratory tests per day may be carried out on average. This means that at least twice a day a medical technician would have to subject the patient to a blood collection, which is then sent to the laboratory for testing and/or analysis. Usually if the patient already has a catheter strapped in place in one arm via which medications or fluids are being administered, the medical technician would have to use the patient's other arm or another part of the patient's body to perform blood collections. This means that, during a patient's 3-day average hospital stay, there are at least six occasions for the patient to be repeatedly stuck with a needle, which translates into at least six occasions for potential infections to start, hematomas, missed sticks, and skin irritation from tapes and other means. Furthermore, especially in situations involving pediatric patients, hemophiliac patients, HIV patients, patients with dementia and/or similar conditions, and/or other agitated patients who may suffer from fear of needle pricks, or having other elevated risks relating to additional needle insertions, the patient may be subjected to trauma on at least six occasions during their hospital stay, making the blood collection process difficult or otherwise risky.
- Moreover, in some situations, the medical technician may use a catheter already installed into the patient's body to draw blood for testing. In those situations, the technician typically has to temporarily discontinue administration of medications or fluids, and perform a lengthy, drawn-out series of flushing steps to guard against incidental contamination of the blood sample with residual IV solutions, medications or fluids, and ensure that the blood sample is clean. Without such flushing steps, a blood sample may, for example, be diluted with a residual IV solution, leading to erroneous test results. Likewise, for example, contamination of the blood sample with a residual IV solution that contains sodium and/or potassium compounds, would result in false test data showing higher concentrations of these compounds.
- As will become apparent in the following disclosure, it is believed that the device and method of the invention described herein provide the advantage of alleviating and solving all of the foregoing blood-draw problems and issues. The device herein takes advantage of an already installed IV catheter port in a patient's body, and provides a simple procedure to perform clean drawing of blood without interrupting the administration of IV therapies after initial installation of the catheter. The device optionally includes passive control of the blood collection volume flow rate to prevent contamination of the collected blood draw with the IV therapy fluid being simultaneously infused through the catheter. The device herein is simply installed by inserting it into the IV catheter line already installed into the patient, and makes the procedural steps of drawing blood samples almost automatic. Furthermore, the device herein has the advantage of using the vacuum within a standard blood collection container, such as a Vacutainer® (trademark of Becton, Dickinson and Company, of Franklin Lakes, N.J.) or Vacuette® (trademark of Greiner Bio One, of Monroe, N.C.) tube, as the driving mechanism for drawing the blood sample from the patient.
- In an illustrative embodiment of the device (with distal/proximal references to the device, not the patient's body), a microlumen is inserted coaxially through and protrudes distally out from the distal end of a catheter which is inserted into a patient. The microlumen and catheter are in fluid communication with a diverter valve and valve housing. The valve housing is supplied with IV therapy fluid from an infusion line and provides selective operation in an infusion/non-collection mode and an infusion/collection mode. In the infusion/non-collection mode, IV therapy fluid is provided to both the microlumen and the catheter. In the infusion/non-collection mode, a blood collection component, for example, a vacuum collection tube holder coupled to the collection body, receives blood from the catheter and the microlumen simultaneously continues to provide IV therapy fluid to the patient.
- The protrusion length and blood collection flow rate are of significant importance to the invention herein, in order to prevent mixing, and thus contamination, of the drawn blood with the IV fluids in the infusion/collection mode. For example, the difference in pressures between a vacuum blood collection tube and a typical patent's vein pressure is approximately 2 orders of magnitude difference. For example, the tube vacuum can be as much as about 700 mmHg of vacuum and the vein pressure can be about 7 mmHg. Thus, the mixing of collected blood with IV fluids at the point of collection in the vein is prevent by a combination of 1) the device limiting the flow rate of blood collection drawn from the vein and into the catheter and 2) the distal end of the microlumen used to simultaneously infuse infusate into the vein is sufficiently distal in the vein of the distal end of the IV catheter where blood is drawn from the vein.
- While the illustrative embodiment of the instant invention is directed to an angiocatheter (i.e., an IV catheter), it is to be understood that, as contemplated herein, the invention may be applicable to other catheters known in the art as well, such as peripherally inserted cardiac catheters, central catheter, and the like.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide an infusion and blood collection device that allows clean blood collections from a patient via a previously installed catheter, such as a Peripheral Venous Catheter, otherwise known as an angiocatheter, without interrupting the administration of intravenous therapies after the initial installation.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide an infusion and blood collection device that allows clean blood collections from a patient via a previously installed catheter, without having to resort to repeatedly sticking a patient with a needle at another location of their body away from the already installed catheter.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide an infusion and blood collection device that allows clean blood collections from a patient via a previously installed catheter, without exposing the patient to a higher risk of infection from repeated and multiple needle pricks.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide an infusion and blood collection device that allows clean blood collections from a patient via a previously installed catheter, wherein the patient is a pediatric patient, a hemophiliac patient, a HIV patient, a patient with dementia and/or a similar condition, and/or any patient who may be agitated or suffer from fear of needle pricks, or having other elevated risks relating to additional needle insertions.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide an infusion and blood collection device that allows clean blood collections from a patient via a previously installed catheter, without the need to temporarily discontinue administration of medications or fluids, and performing a lengthy, drawn-out series of flushing steps to guard against incidental contamination of the blood sample with residual IV solutions, medications or fluids.
- It is another object of the present invention to provide an infusion and blood collection device that allows clean blood collections from a patient via a previously installed catheter, in such a manner so as to reduce the time and patient care demands of hospital staff.
- The present invention relates to a blood-draw device and method that is used in conjunction with a pre-installed peripheral venous catheter/IV infusion line in a patient. An advantage of the device and method is being able to draw blood from the previously installed catheter without the need to interrupt IV flow.
- Another advantage of the device and method is the reduction in the number of venipunctures that have to be performed on a patient. This provides numerous potential advantages such as reduction in potential infection causing events, reduction in patient anxiety, reduction in time and patient care demands on the hospital staff, and reduction in disposal of bio-hazardous blood collection needle sets.
- Another advantage is having the blood collection access port of the device covered so as to prevent tampering with the port and bacterial transfers from the outside environment, which may either contaminate or damage the port, which in turn may lead to bodily injury.
- One illustrative embodiment of an infusion and blood collection apparatus for use with a catheter, a distal end of the catheter configured for insertion into a blood vessel, includes an IV infusion lumen attachable to the catheter and defining a distal end, the IV infusion lumen configured for insertion into the blood vessel with the distal end of the IV infusion lumen extending into the blood vessel a specified distance beyond the distal end of the catheter; an IV fluid inlet fluidly connected to the IV infusion lumen and configured for fluidic connection to an IV fluid source; a draw port fluidly couplable to a blood collection channel at least in part defined by the radial space between the interior of the catheter and an exterior of the IV infusion lumen, the draw port configured for fluidic connection to a vacuum source; and a fluid flow restriction device configured and sized to limit a flow rate of blood drawn through the distal end of the catheter to a preselected flow rate preventing IV fluid exiting the distal end of the IV infusion lumen from entering the distal end of the catheter when the catheter and IV infusion lumen are inserted into the blood vessel, the IV fluid inlet is fluidly connected to the IV fluid source, and the draw port is connected to the vacuum source.
- The fluid flow restriction device can define an internal cross-section sized to provide a preselected flow rate of 30 ml/min or less. The preselected flow rate can be 15 ml/min or less. The specified distance can be at least 10 mm. The fluid flow restriction device can be sized to limit the flow rate of blood drawn through the distal end of the catheter to a
value 30 ml/min or less when the specified distance is at least 10 mm, the catheter and IV infusion lumen are inserted into a blood vessel, the IV fluid inlet is fluidly connected to an IV fluid source, and the draw port is connected to a vacuum source. The fluid flow restriction device can include a section of reduced internal cross-section for blood draw flow between the distal end of the catheter and the draw port. The fluid flow restriction device can comprise a length of 24-gauge stainless steel hypodermic round tubing. - The apparatus can further comprise a blood collection component that includes the fluid flow restriction device, and at least a portion of the fluid flow restriction device can extend within the draw port. At least a portion of the fluid flow restriction device can fluidly couple the vacuum source to the draw port. The IV infusion lumen can be positioned within an interior of the catheter and the section of reduced internal cross-section can be defined by a section of reduced clearance between an exterior of the IV infusion lumen and the exterior of the catheter. The IV infusion lumen can be 24 to 25 gauge and the catheter can be 18 to 20 gauge. The fluid flow restriction device can be sized to correspond with a vacuum pressure of the vacuum source. The fluid flow restriction device can be sized to achieve a volume flow rate of 30 ml/min or less when the vacuum pressure is 700 mmHg or less. The fluid flow restriction device can comprise a valve and a section of reduced internal cross-section can be defined by active control of the valve. The fluid flow restriction device can comprise a check valve with a tuned reverse flow rate. The fluid flow restriction device can comprise a pump having a controllable flow rate.
- In another illustrative embodiment an infusion and blood collection apparatus comprises a catheter defining a distal end, the distal end of the catheter configured for insertion into a blood vessel; an IV infusion lumen located within the catheter and defining a distal end, the IV infusion lumen configured for insertion into the blood vessel with the distal end of the IV infusion lumen extending into the blood vessel a specified distance beyond the distal end of the catheter; an IV fluid inlet fluidly connected to the IV infusion lumen and configured for fluidic connection to an IV fluid source; a draw port fluidly connected to the space between the interior of the catheter and the exterior of the IV infusion lumen; and a blood collection component configured for releasable fluidic connection to the draw port; and wherein the blood collection component: includes a fluid flow restriction device having a first portion configured for fluidic connection to the draw port and a second portion configured for fluidic connection to a vacuum source; and is sized to limit a flow rate of blood drawn through the distal end of the catheter to a preselected flow rate preventing IV fluid exiting the distal end of the IV infusion lumen from entering the distal end of the catheter when the catheter and IV infusion lumen are inserted into the blood vessel, the IV fluid inlet is fluidly connected to the IV fluid source, and the second portion of the fluid flow restriction device is connected to the vacuum source. The fluid flow restriction device can comprise a length of rigid tubing having an interior diameter sized to limit a flow rate of the blood drawn.
- In yet another illustrative embodiment, an infusion and blood collection apparatus, comprises a catheter defining a distal end, the distal end of the catheter configured for insertion into a blood vessel; an IV infusion lumen extending through an interior of the catheter and defining a distal end, the distal end of the IV infusion lumen extending into the blood vessel at least 10 mm beyond the distal end of the catheter; an IV fluid inlet fluidly connected to the IV infusion lumen and configured for fluidic connection to an IV fluid source; a blood collection channel defined by a space between the interior of the catheter and an exterior of the IV infusion lumen; a draw port fluidly connected to the blood collection channel and configured for fluidic connection to a vacuum source; and a fluid flow restriction device sized to limit a flow rate of blood drawn through the blood collection channel to 30 ml/min or less when the draw port is connected to the vacuum source. The apparatus can further comprising a blood collection device, and the blood collection device can include the fluid flow restriction device and the fluid flow restriction device can be releasably fluidly coupled between the draw port and the vacuum source.
- The detailed description particularly refers to the accompanying figures in which:
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective assembly view of a first illustrative embodiment of an infusion and blood collection device as used with an IV infusion line and a Peripheral Venous Catheter; -
FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of the fluid system of the device ofFIG. 1 in an infusion/non-collection mode of operation; -
FIGS. 2B and 2C is a schematic diagram of the fluid system of the device ofFIG. 1 in an infusion/collection mode of operation; -
FIG. 3 is a perspective exploded view of the valve housing portion of the device ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 is a perspective exploded view of the blood collection tube holder portion of the device ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 5 is a top perspective assembly view of the device ofFIG. 1 before use; -
FIG. 6 is a bottom perspective assembly view of the device ofFIG. 1 before use and with the protective cap removed from overtop the microlumen; -
FIG. 7A is perspective assembly view of the device ofFIG. 1 placed with an IV infusion line and a Peripheral Venous Catheter, the device in an infusion/non-collection mode and the tube holder being prepared to be coupled with the valve housing; -
FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing and separated tube holder taken along sectional cutting plane line 7B-7B, shown inFIG. 7A , and with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode; -
FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing taken along sectionalcutting plane line 7C-7C, shown inFIG. 7B , and with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode; -
FIG. 8A is perspective assembly view of the device ofFIG. 1 , the device in an infusion/non-collection mode and the tube holder being coupled with the valve housing and not yet rotated; -
FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing and coupled tube holder taken along sectionalcutting plane line 8B-8B shown inFIG. 8A , and with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode; -
FIG. 8C is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing taken along sectionalcutting plane line 8C-8C shown inFIG. 8B , and with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode; -
FIG. 9A is perspective assembly view of the device ofFIG. 1 , the device actuated to the infusion/collection mode and the tube holder being coupled with the valve housing and rotated, and a blood collection tube coupled with the tube holder; -
FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing and coupled tube holder and collection tube taken along sectional cutting plane line 9B-9B, shown inFIG. 9A , and with the device in the infusion/collection mode; -
FIG. 9C is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing taken along sectional cutting plane line 9C-9C, shown inFIG. 9B , and with the device in the infusion/collection mode; -
FIG. 10A is perspective assembly view of the device ofFIG. 1 , the device returned to the infusion/non-collection mode and the tube holder reverse-rotated and being uncoupled from the valve housing; -
FIG. 10B is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing and coupled tube holder taken along sectional cutting plane line 10B-10B, shown inFIG. 10A , and with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode; -
FIG. 10C is a cross-sectional view of the valve housing taken along sectional cutting plane line 10C-10C, shown inFIG. 10B , and with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode; -
FIG. 11 is a perspective assembly view of a second illustrative embodiment of an infusion and blood collection device of the invention herein, illustratively shown installed between an IV infusion line and a Peripheral Venous Catheter; -
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the transfer and collection assembly of the second embodiment of the device ofFIG. 11 ; -
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the catheter head assembly of the second embodiment of the device ofFIG. 11 ; -
FIG. 14 is a top perspective view of the transfer valve and collection body of the second embodiment of the device ofFIG. 11 ; -
FIG. 15 is bottom perspective view of the collection tube holder of the second embodiment of the device ofFIG. 11 ; -
FIG. 16 is a top perspective view of the transfer valve housing of the second embodiment of the device ofFIG. 11 ; -
FIG. 17 is a top perspective view of the transfer valve housing ofFIG. 16 with the rotary valve actuator removed; -
FIG. 18 is a semi-transparent top view of the transfer valve housing ofFIG. 17 showing the infusion and collection channels in the device; -
FIG. 19 is a perspective view of the rotary valve and actuator of the transfer valve housing ofFIG. 17 ; -
FIG. 20 is a semi-transparent top view of the transfer valve housing ofFIG. 17 in the infusion/non-collection mode and showing IV flow in all channels; -
FIG. 21 is a semi-transparent top view of the transfer valve housing ofFIG. 17 in the infusion/collection mode and showing IV flow in the IV channel and blood flow in the blood collection channel; -
FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the transfer valve housing and tube holder ofFIG. 12 taken along sectional cutting plane line 22-22; -
FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of the catheter head assembly ofFIG. 13 taken along sectional cutting plane line 23-23; -
FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of the catheter head assembly ofFIG. 13 taken along sectional cutting plane line 24-24 and showing IV flow in the IV channel and blood flow in the blood collection channel inside the assembly; -
FIG. 25 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of the tip of the catheter and microlumen ofFIG. 24 showing the microlumen tip protruding beyond the tip of the catheter; -
FIG. 26 is a transparent top view of the transfer valve housing ofFIG. 16 in the infusion/non-collection mode and showing IV flow in all channels; -
FIG. 27 is semi-transparent cross-sectional view of the transfer valve housing ofFIG. 26 taken along sectional cutting plane line 27-27 and showing the infusion/non-collection mode; -
FIG. 28 is a transparent top view of the transfer valve housing ofFIG. 16 in the infusion/collection mode and showing IV flow in the IV channel and blood flow in the blood collection channel; -
FIG. 29 is semi-transparent cross-sectional view of the transfer valve housing ofFIG. 28 taken along sectional cutting plane line 29-29 and showing the infusion/collection mode; -
FIG. 30A is a cross-sectional view of the needleless draw port of the device ofFIG. 11 , taken along sectional cutting plane line 30A-30A shown inFIG. 31A , and with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode; -
FIG. 30B is a cross-sectional view of the needleless draw port cooperating with the needleless draw nozzle of the device ofFIG. 11 , taken along sectional cutting plane line 30A-30A shown inFIG. 31A , and with the device in the infusion/collection mode; -
FIG. 31A is a bottom axial view of the needleless draw port of the device ofFIG. 11 , with the device in the infusion/non-collection mode; and -
FIG. 31B is a bottom axial view of the needleless draw port cooperating with the needleless draw nozzle of the device ofFIG. 11 , with the device in the infusion/collection mode. - For the purposes of promoting and understanding the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to one or more illustrative embodiments depicted in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. Referring to
FIGS. 1-10 in the Drawings section, these figures show a first illustrative embodiment of an infusion andblood collection device 100 of the invention herein, Thedevice 100 is illustratively shown as used, coupled between a standardIV infusion line 10 and astandard catheter 20, for example, a peripheral venous catheter placed in a vein of a patient's arm or hand. An example of such astandard catheter 20 is the shielded IV catheter product number 381534, also known as the BD Insyte Autoguard Winged 20-gauge catheter, available from Becton, Dickson and Company (BD), of Sandy, Utah. - It is understood that in a typical situation requiring venous catheterization of a patient in, e.g., an emergency room or hospital, the
IV infusion line 10 and thecatheter 20 would be connected directly together via a releasable fluid connector, typically a Luer Lock type connector having a male portion (not shown) at aproximate end 24 of thecatheter 20, and afemale connector 11 portion at theproximate end 12 of the IV infusion line. TheIV infusion line 10 is typically connected on the opposite, distal end to an IV therapy bag (not shown) and/or infusion pump (not shown), and adistal end 22 of thecatheter 20 is inserted into a patient blood vessel, e.g., in the patient's arm or hand as shown inFIGS. 1 and 2A-2C , for example, using a sharp insertion needle introducer (not shown), the needle of which is extended through and extends beyond thedistal end 22 of thecatheter 20, and is extracted from the catheter after placement of the distal end into a patient'svein 23. An example of such an introducer is product number 384010, also known as the BD Introsyte Autoguard Shielded Introducer, available from Becton, Dickson and Company (BD), of Sandy, Utah. After placement of thecatheter 20, the infusion andblood collection device 100 of the present invention is simply installed in between theIV infusion line 10 and thecatheter 20, coupled via theconnectors - The illustrative embodiment of the infusion and
blood collection device 100 of the present invention comprises the following main components, depicted inFIGS. 1, 3 and 6 : acollection tube holder 30 for receiving a standardvacuum collection tube 15, avalve housing 40 enclosing avalve 80 and including an intravenous infusion (IV)inlet 43 and acatheter head 63, ashroud 70 for coupling thetube holder 30 to thevalve housing 40, and optional retaining supports 90 for securing anIV infusion line 10 and thevalve housing 40 to a patient's arm. - Materials from which the
tube holder 30,valve housing 40,shroud 70,valve 80, and retainingsupports 90 can be formed, include, for example, medical grade plastics and structural polymer material such as ABS, Polyurethane, Polycarbonate, PBT, PEI, PEEK, Polypropylene, PET, and the like. For example,tube holder 30,valve housing 40, andshroud 70 can be formed from Polycarbonate andvalve 80 can be formed from Polypropylene. - The
intravenous infusion inlet 43 includes a separate or integrally formedmale connector 42 for fluid coupling with thefemale connector 11, for example a Luer Lock fitting, ofIV infusion line 10. Thecatheter head 63 includes afemale connector 65, for example a Luer Lock fitting, for fluid coupling with thecatheter 20. Thecatheter head 63 also includes anintravenous infusion microlumen 60, which is fluidly coupled toIV infusion channel 58, and ablood collection channel 54, theoutlet 64 of which is fluidly coupled to catheter 20 (FIGS. 6 and 7C ). -
FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate schematic diagrams of anillustrative fluid system 101 of thedevice 100 according to the present invention. With reference to thedevice 100, ablood collection channel 54 and aninfusion channel 58 extend betweenIV inlet 43 andcatheter head 63. As described above, thecatheter head 63 is coupled to anIV catheter 20, which is earlier placed in aperipheral vein 23 of a patient, and thecatheter head 63 also includes themicrolumen 60. Upon coupling of thecatheter head 63 with theconnector 24 of thecatheter 20, themicrolumen 60 is inserted coaxially within the interior of thecatheter 20. For reasons more fully described below, the relative lengths of thecatheter 20 and themicrolumen 60 are such that adistal end 62 of the microlumen 60 protrudes from and extends distally beyond thedistal end 22 of thecatheter 20, thus extending axially farther along and within the patient'svein 23, as shown inFIG. 2C . Themicrolumen 60 is in fluid communication with theinfusion channel 58. Thecatheter 20, or more specifically for thedevice 100, the radial space between the outside surface of themicrolumen 60 and the interior surface of thecatheter 20, is in fluid communication with theblood collection channel 54 via outlet 64 (FIGS. 6 and 7C ). A microlumen 60 having at least a minimum amount of rigidity while remaining flexible enough to remain safely within thecatheter 20 andvein 23 has been found to be advantageous in threading themicrolumen 60 into theconnector 24 andcatheter 20. For example, a microlumen formed from braided and coated PTFE, such as product code 165-III available from Microlumen of Oldsmar, Fla. - Advantageously, the
device 100 provides selective operation in an infusion/non-collection mode and an infusion/collection mode. As shown inFIG. 2A , in the infusion/non-collection mode,IV fluid 14 is provided simultaneously fromIV inlet 43 to each of theinfusion channel 58, including themicrolumen 60, and theblood collection channel 54, includingcatheter 20, of thefluid system 101. In the infusion/non-collection mode of operation,IV fluid 14 flows into the fluid system at theIV inlet 43 and simultaneously exits within thevein 23 at the respective distal ends 22 and 62 of thecatheter 20 andmicrolumen 60. - In contrast and as shown in
FIGS. 2B and 2C , in the infusion/collection mode of operation, theblood collection channel 54 of thedevice 100 is closed off from theIV inlet 43 and thus from the supply ofIV fluid 14. The fluid isolation of theIV inlet 43 from theblood channel 54 can be implemented by any one of various mechanical or electromechanical actuators known in the art. For example, in the illustrative first embodiment of thedevice 100, a two-way rotary valve 80 (FIG. 3 ) rotates from a non-collection valve position 83 a in which thevalve passage 84 a (FIGS. 2A and 7C ) is fluidly coupled to both theIV inlet 43 and theblood channel 54, to a collection valve position 83 b in which thevalve passage 84 a (FIGS. 2B and 9C ) is fluidly isolated from theIV inlet 43 but remains fluidly coupled to theblood channel 54. Thevalve passage 84 a thus forms a portion of theblood collection channel 54 in both valve positions 83 a and 83 b. - As shown in
FIG. 2B , once theblood collection channel 54 is closed off from theIV fluid 14, a vacuum blood collection tube is fluidly coupled with theblood collection channel 54 via an outlet, for example, aneedle channel 84 b. The vacuum of thecollection tube 15 drawsblood 18 into thecatheter 20, or more specifically from the space between thecatheter 20 andmicrolumen 60 as shown inFIG. 2C , through theblood collection channel 54 and into thecollection tube 15. The collection ofblood 18 occurs simultaneously with and without interruption of the infusion ofIV therapy fluid 14 through theinfusion channel 58, exiting into thevein 23 of the patient at thedistal end 62 of themicrolumen 60. - As
blood 18 is drawn from thevein 23 into thecatheter 20, the fluid entering thecollection tube 15 initially will beIV fluid 14, and then a mixture ofIV fluid 14 andblood 18, and then onlyblood 18. Thus, thefirst collection tube 15 filled from theblood collection channel 54 is discarded and a subsequently filledblood collection tube 15 that contains onlyblood 18 and noIV fluid 14 are retained. After a sufficient sample ofblood 18 is obtained from thedevice 100, thecollection tube 15 is fluidly uncoupled from theblood collection channel 54, and if desired,subsequent collection tubes 15 are coupled, filled, and uncoupled, and then therotary valve 80 is returned to the non-collection valve position 83 a, fluidly recoupling theblood collection channel 54 with thetherapy fluid 14 from theIV inlet 43, thereby again providing the infusion/non-collection mode ofFIG. 2A in whichIV fluid 14 is simultaneously provided to each of thecatheter 20 and themicrolumen 60. - Referring to
FIG. 2C , thedistal end 62 of themicrolumen 60 is shown protruding distally from within thedistal end 22 of thecatheter 20. The length of thedistal portion 62 of the microlumen 60 that protrudes from thedistal end 22 of thecatheter 20 is illustratively around 10 mm, but it can vary depending on various fluid dynamic features of thedevice 100, including the type and model ofcatheter 20 andmicrolumen 62 used, and the desired blood collection flow rate. The protrusion length and blood collection flow rate are of significant importance to the invention herein, in order to prevent mixing atdistal end 22, and thus contamination, of the drawnblood 18 with theIV fluids 14, as will become apparent from the discussion below. For example, atypical IV catheter 20 is 18 or 20 gauge, and amicrolumen 60 providing the desired functionality when axially inserted within thecatheter 20 is about 24 to 25 gauge. - Referring to
FIG. 3 , an exploded perspective view of thevalve housing 40 is illustrated.Valve housing 40 includes ahousing top 44 and a housing bottom 45 that together define avalve cavity 50, IVinfusion channel portions blood collection channel 54. Thevalve housing 40 provides continuous fluid communication throughinfusion channel 58 a, thus continuously providingIV fluid 14 presented atIV inlet 43 to each of theoutlet 64 and themicrolumen 60. Thevalve cavity 50 sealingly houses therotary valve 80, which provides IV fluid 14 toblood collection channel 54 selectively in the non-collection mode of operation. For example, thevalve body 82 may include a sealing ridge orother feature 85 that prevents seepage of fluids and thevalve body 82 and/orvalve cavity 50 may be coated with a sealing and/or lubricating material prior to assembly, for example silicone spray or gel, or may include an elastomeric sealing layer. - The
rotary valve 80 includes avalve body 82 that defines avalve passage 84 a having openings connecting to opposite sides of the valve body (FIGS. 3 and 7C ). Thevalve body 82 further defines adraw port 81 that is fluidly plugged by and retains septum 76 (FIG. 3 ) and tube holder engagement features 86 and 87 that will be described further below. - The
draw port 81 at a bottom 77 of theseptum 76 is fluidly coupled to thevalve passage 84 a byneedle passage 84 b (FIG. 7B ). Referring toFIGS. 7B and 7C , when thevalve 80 is enclosed within the assembledhousing top 44 andhousing bottom 45 and thevalve 80 is in a non-collection position 83 a (FIG. 7C ) thevalve passage 84 a of thevalve 80 fluidly couples theinfusion channel portion 58 b to theblood collection channel 54, supplyingIV fluid 14 to thecatheter head 63 andcatheter 20. Referring toFIG. 9C , when thevalve 80 is rotated to a collection position 83 b thevalve passage 84 a ofvalve 80 is fluidly isolated from theinfusion channel portion 58 b yet remains in fluid communication with theblood collection channel 54, thus providing a path forblood 18 entering thedistal end 22 of thecatheter 20 to be supplied to thevalve passages 84 a, theneedle channel 84 b and the bottom 77 of theseptum 76. - Referring to
FIG. 4 , thecollection tube holder 30 provides an adaptor to couple ablood collection tube 15 to thevalve housing 40, and also functions to actuate thevalve 80 between the non-collection position 83 a (FIG. 8C ) for the infusion/non-collection mode of operation and collection position 83 b (FIG. 9C ) for the infusion/collection mode of operation. Thetube holder 30 includes an insertion and rotation handle 31, acentral tube receptacle 32, atube stop 33 at the base of the receptacle, adraw port interface 36, and adraw needle 34. Referring toFIG. 7B , thedraw needle 34 extends through thetube stop 33 and has atop end 34 a extending above thetube stop 33 and upwardly into thetube receptacle 32. Thedraw needle 34 also extends downwardly below thetube stop 33 and within thecentral area 39 enclosed by thedraw port interface 36. Thedraw port interface 36 functions in part to encircle and prevent injury from the sharplower end 34 b of theneedle 34. - The
tube holder interface 36 is configured to fit within anopening 46 in thevalve housing 40 and engage with thevalve 80 andhousing 40 upon coupling thetube holder 30 andshroud 70 to thevalve housing 40. In the first illustrative embodiment of thedevice 100, the engagement of thetube holder 30 with thevalve housing 40 and thevalve 80 provides axial positioning of thedraw needle 34 and rotation of thevalve 80. More specifically, the engagement axially extends thedraw needle 34 through the septum bottom 77 and theneedle channel 84 b and into thevalve passage 84 a, as shown inFIG. 9B . Additionally, the engagement rotates thevalve 80 andvalve housing 40 from the infusion/non-collection valve position 83 a to the infusion/collection valve position 83 b. Optionally, mechanical features can be provided with thetube holder 30,housing 40, and/or thevalve 80 so that mechanical detents or other sensory feedback is provided that indicated the range of limits of full rotation and/or axial translation to ensure proper use and operation. - Referring to
FIGS. 3, 4 and 7B , thetube holder interface 36 defines various engagement features, includingaxial draw tabs 37,rotational slots 38, and acentral area 39. Thevalve housing 40 defines various engagement features, including theopening 46,draw tab receivers 47, and drawramps 48. Thevalve 80 defines various engagement features, includingreceiver 86 androtational cogs 37. The function and interaction of the various engagement features will be described further below in the operation of thedevice 100. - The series of
FIGS. 7A-7C, 8A-8C, 9A-9C, and 10A-10C illustrate the various steps and stages of the infusion/non-collection mode of operation, preparing thedevice 100 for a blood draw, drawing blood into collection tube(s) 15 in the infusion/collection mode of operation, and returning thedevice 100 to the infusion/non-collection mode of operation. - Referring to
FIG. 7A , in the following illustrative use of theillustrative device 100, the installation of the infusion andblood collection device 100 for intravenous therapy of a patient is described. Prior to installation of thedevice 100, following standard techniques well-known in the art, the peripheralvenous catheter 20 is typically inserted into a vein of the patient and theIV therapy tube 10 is connected via a Luer-type orother connection 11. To install the infusion andblood collection device 100 in-line with thecatheter 20 so that clean blood samples can be periodically drawn from the patient via thecatheter 20, the IVtherapy fluid flow 14 throughIV infusion line 10 is stopped, and the peripheralvenous catheter 20 is disconnected from theIV infusion line 10. Thevalve housing 40 of the device is connected to theIV infusion line 10 by connecting theconnector 11 to theinlet port 43 and thefluid flow 14 through theIV infusion line 10 is then restarted, and the IV fluid 14 (or e.g., heparin) flowing intoinlet port 43 fills both theblood collection channel 54 and theinfusion channel 58 in thehousing 40 until theIV fluid 14 flows from thecatheter head 63, thus pushing all air from thechannels FIG. 5 ) can be removed from thecatheter head 63, exposing themicrolumen 60, for example, by actuatingrelease 98. - The
catheter head 63 can then be attached to the catheter 20 (which, for example, has remained in the patient) by inserting themicrolumen 60 all the way through thecatheter 20 and tightening the Luer-type orother connector 65 onto themale catheter connector 63, thus allowing theIV therapy fluid 14 to infuse into the patient from both thecatheter 20 and themicrolumen 60. Advantageously, thevalve housing 40 can be grasped from above and held in the palm while therelease 98 is actuated, themicrolumen 60 guided, and theconnector 65 rotated bywing 66 all with the free thumb and/or forefinger of the hand holding thevalve housing 40, freeing the other hand to apply pressure to thevein 23 to prevent blood flow through thecatheter 20 from the uncoupling of theIV line connector 11 until the coupling of thedevice 100connector 65. With the optionally retainingsupports 90 coupled atclips 92 to valve housing receivers 94 (FIG. 3 ) as shown inFIG. 1 , medical tape can be applied oversurface 91 and around the patient's arm to hold thevalve housing 40 in place. Advantageously, thevalve housing 40 can include ridges or other protrusions defined by the housing bottom 45 to limit skin contact or risk of skin breakdown. Additionally, to allow drainage of any liquids entering theopening 46 when thetube holder 30 is not in place, and minimize the possibility of microbial growth,drainage channels 51 extending downward from within theopening 46 can be defined through thehousing 40. - Alternatively and advantageously, the
device 100 can also be installed in-line with thecatheter 20 upon thecatheter 20 first being placed and before anIV infusion line 10 is connected to thecatheter 20. For example, as described above, thedevice 100 can be connected to theIV infusion line 10 and flushed of air with theIV fluid 14. Then, with thedevice 100 prepared, the the peripheralvenous catheter 20 can be placed into a vein of the patient and thecatheter head 63 attached to thecatheter 20 as described above. - Referring now to
FIGS. 7A-7C , thedevice 100 is shown in the infusion/non-collection mode of operation after installation in-line withIV line 10 and thecatheter 20. Specifically, thetube holder 30 andshroud 70 are uncoupled from thevalve housing 40 and therotary valve 80 is in the infusion/non-collection rotational position 83 a (FIG. 7C ) in whichIV fluid 14 provided at theinlet 43 is simultaneously provided to each of theblood collection channel 54 and theinfusion channel 58 a, and thus simultaneously flows in the patient'svein 23 from each ofcatheter 20 andmicrolumen 60. - To prepare the
device 100 for the infusion/collection mode of operation, an alcohol or other sterilizing swab is used to clean theseptum 76 and the area within theopening 46 to remove any contaminates. Next thetube holder 30, without ablood collection tube 15 attached, is coupled to thevalve housing 40. Specifically, theaxial draw tabs 37 are rotationally aligned with thedraw tab receivers 47 and thetube holder 30 is moved vertically downwards in the direction shown inFIGS. 7A and 7B , engaging thetabs 37 through thereceivers 47 and into draw ramps 48 and engaging theside flanges 72 around thevalve housing 40. Theshroud 70 and thetube holder 30 is releasably retained to thevalve housing 40 by the engagement ofprotrusions 71 intorecesses 41 located on each side of thevalve housing 40. Additionally, and as shown inFIGS. 8B and 8C , in this position, thelower end 34 b of thedraw needle 34 has not penetrated theseptum 76 and therotary valve 80 remains in the infusion/non-collection rotational position 83 a. As shown inFIG. 8A , theflanges 72 can define friction elements such as ridges to facilitate holding thedevice 100 securely during the subsequent below steps. - To complete the axial translation of the
lower end 34 b of thedraw needle 34 through theseptum 76 and into thevalve passage 84 a, thetube holder 30 is rotated clockwise relative to thevalve housing 40 as shown inFIG. 8A . Referring now toFIGS. 9B and 9C , showing thedevice 100 with rotation complete, rotation of thetube holder 30 rotates thedraw tabs 37 within the draw ramps 48 of thehousing 40. The draw ramps 48 spiral downward so that the rotation results in thetube holder interface 36 translating axially downward farther into thevalve housing 40 to the position shown inFIG. 9B in which thelower end 34 b of thedraw needle 34 pierces theseptum 76 and extends into thevalve passage 84 a. Additionally, rotation of theinterface 36 with thetube holder 30 rotates thevalve 80 since thecogs 87 are engaged withinslots 38 of theinterface 36. This rotation rotates thevalve 80 to the infusion/collection position 83 b shown inFIG. 9C , in whichvalve passage 84 a (FIGS. 2B and 9C ) is fluidly isolated fromIV inlet 43 but remains fluidly coupled to theblood channel 54. Mechanical stops (not shown), for example, the ends of the draw ramps 48 contacted by thedraw tabs 37 prevent over rotation of thevalve 80 in the clockwise and counter-clockwise directions. - Optionally, an initial length of the draw ramps 48 defined in the
valve housing 40 and engaged by thedraw tabs 37 can extend circumferentially without downward axially displacement in order to provide for some or all of the rotation of thevalve 80 before subsequent axial translation of theinterface 36 andneedle 34, thus ensuring that the fluid connection between thelower needle end 34 b and thevalve passage 84 a is not made until thevalve passage 84 a is closed off from theinfusion channel portion 58 b and thus from the supply of theIV fluid 14. - As shown in
FIGS. 9A and 9B , once theblood collection channel 54 is closed off from theIV fluid 14, a vacuumblood collection tube 15 is fluidly coupled with theblood collection channel 54 vianeedle channel 84 b andvalve passage 84 a. More specifically, in pushing a collection tube downward intotube receptacle 32 and against the tube stop 33 of thetube holder 30, theseptum 16 of thecollection tube 15 pushes theelastomeric needle cover 35 downward, exposing the upper needle end 34 a allowing it to pierce thecollection tube septum 16. The vacuum of thecollection tube 15 drawsblood 18 into thecatheter 20, as shown inFIG. 2C , through theblood collection channel 54,valve passage 84 a,needle 34, and into thecollection tube 15. - Advantageously, the collection of
blood 18 occurs simultaneous with and without interruption of infusion ofIV therapy fluid 14 throughinfusion channel 58, exiting into thevein 23 of the patient at thedistal end 62 of themicrolumen 60. Thecollection tube 15 is uncoupled from thetube holder 30, and if desired,subsequent collection tubes 15 are coupled, filled, and uncoupled. With the lack of a vacuum, a passive fluid flow restriction provided byneedle 34, and theelastomeric cover 35 again covering theupper end 34 a of theneedle 34,blood 18 will cease to flow throughneedle 34 with nocollection tube 15 in place. For example, the flow restriction can be provided by the selected ID of theneedle 34, by crimping theneedle 34 to a specific desired cross-sectional area, or by other mechanically passive means known in the art to limit flow. - To return the
device 100 to the infusion/non-collection mode of operation, as shown inFIGS. 10B and 10C ,tube holder 30 is rotated counter-clockwise and theshroud 70 andtube holder 30 are separated from thevalve housing 40, as shown inFIG. 10A . Rotating thetube holder 30 counter-clockwise returns therotary valve 80 to the non-collection valve position 83 a, fluidly recoupling theblood collection channel 54 with thetherapy fluid 14 from theIV inlet 43. - Rotating the
tube holder 30 counter-clockwise also axially translates theinterface 36 andneedle 34 upwardly as thedraw tabs 37 are spiraled upward within draw ramps 48. When thedraw tabs 37 are again aligned with 47, the rotation is complete andinterface 36 can be fully withdrawn from theopening 46 and theflanges 72 withdrawn from over thevalve housing 40, as shown inFIG. 10B . Advantageously, theseptum 76 is self-sealing, so that when theneedle 34 is withdrawn and theIV fluid 14 flows through thevalve passage 84 a without escaping at theseptum 76. - Again in the infusion/non-collection mode of operation shown in
FIG. 10C ,IV fluid 14 is again simultaneously provided to each of thecatheter 20 and themicrolumen 60, flushing theblood collection channel 54 of theblood 18 earlier drawn into it, and providing for continuing use of thedevice 100. Thus, advantageously, theblood collection channel 54, including thevalve passage 84 a, are self-flushing in that the return to the infusion/non-collection mode flushes any remaining blood through thecatheter 20 with the flow ofIV fluid 14, thus preventing any coagulation and potential blockage or other hazards ofblood 18 associated with thedevice 100. Because thedraw needle 34 associated with thetube holder 30 is not flushed, it is discarded and anew tube holder 30 is utilized when another blood draw from the patient is desired. - One aspect of the first embodiment of the invention herein relates to one of the novel features of the infusion and
blood collection device 100 and method, which is the ability to perform clean blood collections while simultaneously providing the patient with IV therapy infusion, without interrupting the IV fluid flow. In one aspect, thedevice 100 is designed so as to prevent contamination of theblood 18 being drawn with theIV fluids 14. The ability of thedevice 100 to provide this function is due in part to two features of the device: 1) a protrusion of the tip of the microlumen 60 in thevein 23, an optimum minimum distance beyond the tip of the catheter 20 (seeFIG. 2C ); 2) a related restriction in the flow in theblood 18 being collected when therotary valve 80 is rotated to the collection position 83 b. - In an illustrative embodiment of these foregoing features, for example, the
distal tip 62 ofmicrolumen 60 extends 10 mm beyond thedistal tip 22 of thecatheter 20, paired with a restriction in theblood collection channel 54 to reduce the blood collection flow rate to 30 ml/min or less, provides sufficient protection against theIV fluids 14 flowing out from thedistal tip 62 of the microlumen 60 being drawn toward and mixed in with theblood 18 being drawn into thedistal tip 22 of thecatheter 20 for collection in thecollection tube 30. - As contemplated herein, it is to be understood that both the length of the protrusion of the tip of the microlumen relative to the tip of the catheter, and the degree of restriction of
blood flow 18, may vary upward or downward depending on various factors such as, for example, the particular gauge ofcatheters particular collection tube 30, the venous or arterial location of thecatheter 20 in the patient, and the rate of infusion ofIV therapy fluid 14 out themicrolumen 60. Thus, for example, with a protrusion length shorter than 10 mm, the flow rate would correspondingly have to be further restricted and decreased, and with a protrusion length longer than 10 mm, the flow rate may be increased correspondingly. - In regard to the restriction of
blood flow 18 to reduce the blood collection flow rate to the point that the IV fluid flow is not reversed in the vein and drawn into the blood collection catheter, this restriction can be accomplished in various ways known in the art and at various locations along the path of the flow of theblood 18 between thedistal end 22 ofcatheter 20 and theblood collection tube 15, either active restriction device, passive restriction device, or a combination of active and passive restriction devices. In the above illustrative embodiment of thedevice 100, the restriction in flow rate is made passively via the choice of the gauge of thepenetration needle 34 that penetrates the end of the collection tube, thus a needle is selected having a sufficiently narrow internal diameter to provide the required limit to blood flow rate. In theillustrative device 100 with thedistal end 62 of the microlumen 60 extending 10 mm beyond thedistal end 22 ofcatheter 20, a restriction limiting the flow rate to about 30 ml/minute provides the desired lack of contamination of the blood sample collected. This desired restriction is passively provided by using apenetration needle 34 having a gauge of about 24. For example, such aneedle 34 can be cut from a length of stainless steel 304 hypodermic round tubing stock, for example, part number B00137QIWS, available from Amazon.com, LLC, of Seattle, Wash. - The volume flow rate (Q) of the
blood 18 is driven by the change in pressure (ΔP) for theblood 18 between the patient and thecollection tube 15, and most notably in the illustrative embodiment of thedevice 110, at the point of passive restriction in theblood flow 18, thedraw needle 34. In order to specify a needle gauge that will limit the volume flow rate (Q) to the desired magnitude, e.g., about 30 ml/min or less for the illustrative embodiment, the fluid dynamic principles for laminar flow with an applied force and no-slip boundary condition between a desired blood volume flow rate (Q) and a pressure gradient (ΔP) can be used. This relationship is represented in the Hagen-Poiseuille equation which is Q=πa4ΔP/8ρμL, where a, L, ρ, μ are in this example, the interior radius and length of theneedle 136, and the density and viscosity of the blood, respectively. - Referring to
FIGS. 11 and 13 in the Drawings section, these figures show a perspective view of a second illustrative embodiment of an illustrative infusion andblood collection device 110 of the invention herein, illustratively installed between a standardIV infusion line 10 and astandard catheter 20, for example, a peripheral venous catheter. An example of such astandard catheter 20 is the shielded IV catheter product number 381703, also known as theBD Angiocath Autoguard 20 gauge, available from Becton, Dickson and Company (BD), of Sandy, Utah. - The illustrative embodiment of the infusion and
blood collection device 110 of the present invention comprises the following main components, depicted inFIG. 11 . Acollection tube holder 120 for receiving a standardvacuum collection tube 15, a transfer valve andcollection body 140, an intravenous infusion inlet 143 (FIG. 12 ) for fluid coupling with theIV infusion line 10, ablood collection lumen 150, anintravenous infusion lumen 160, and acatheter head assembly 200 for fluid coupling with thecatheter 20. Theblood collection lumen 150 andintravenous infusion lumen 160 couple thecatheter head assembly 200 to the transfer valve andcollection body 140. -
FIG. 12 illustrates thetube holder 120,vacuum collection tube 15, and transfer valve andcollection body 140, assembled together, andFIG. 13 illustrates thecatheter head assembly 200, including acatheter head body 202. The distal end of thecatheter head body 202 includes aconnector 204 for coupling the connector 83 (FIG. 23 ) at theproximate end 24 of a standardvenous catheter 20. Additionally,catheter head assembly 200 comprises an attached, microlumen 210 that passes coaxially through the interior ofcatheter 20. - The
catheter head body 202 provides fluid coupling between the microlumen 210 andblood collection lumen 150 and between thecatheter 20 and theintravenous infusion lumen 160.FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional side view ofcatheter head assembly 200 and illustrates theinternal passageways 250 and 260 defined bybody 202. Blood collection passageway 250 retains and is in fluid communication with theblood collection lumen 150 and with thecatheter 20, or more specifically, the open space between the interior of thecatheter 20 and exterior of themicrolumen 210.Infusion passageway 260 retains and is in fluid communication withintravenous infusion lumen 160 and themicrolumen 210. - A blood collection channel 152 is defined in part by the passage defined by the space between the
catheter 20 andmicrolumen 210, the passageway 250, and thelumen 150. An infusion channel 162 is defined in part by themicrolumen 210, thepassageway 260, and thelumen 160. As will be discussed in greater detail below, the blood collection channel 152 is used to provide infusion flow to the patient when thedevice 110 is in an infusion/non-collection mode, and, as discussed below, for reverse flow ofblood 18 from the patient to thecollection tube 15, when thedevice 110 is in an infusion/collection mode. On the other hand, the infusion channel 162 is used in either mode only for one-way infusion flow to the patient, as is discussed below. - In
FIGS. 23-25 , thedistal end 212 of themicrolumen 210 is shown protruding distally out from thedistal end 22 of thecatheter 20.FIG. 25 is an enlarged, partial view of thedistal tip portion 22 ofcatheter 20, and more clearly illustrates the protrudingdistal portion 212 of themicrolumen 210. The length of thedistal portion 212 of themicrolumen 210 that protrudes from thedistal end 22 of thecatheter 20 is illustratively around 10 mm, but it can vary depending on the type and model of catheter used and the desired blood collection flow rate. The protrusion length and blood collection flow rate are of significant importance to the invention herein, in order to prevent mixing, and thus contamination, of the drawnblood 18 with theIV fluids 14, as will become apparent from the discussion below. For example, atypical catheter 20 is 18 or 20 gauge, and amicrolumen 210 providing the desired functionality when axially inserted withincatheter 20 is about 24 to 25 gauge. -
FIGS. 11 and 13 also illustrate thecatheter head assembly 200, including a microlumen stabilizer pull handle 206 (omitted from the views illustrated inFIGS. 23 and 24 ). Pullhandle 206 is connected to a wire or pin (not shown) that is inserted through the interior ofmicrolumen 210, providing rigidity to themicrolumen 210 andcatheter 20 for insertion of the respective distal ends 212 and 22 into the patient. After successful patient insertion, thepull handle 206 is actuated proximately along its axis, thereby extracting the wire or pin (not shown) from the interior ofmicrolumen 210, reducing rigidity. It is understood that the technique of catheter insertion can follow the standard technique for catheter insertion that is well-known in the art. - Reference is made again to
FIG. 12 , which illustrates a close-up perspective view of the assembledtube holder 120,vacuum collection tube 15, and transfer valve andcollection body 140.FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrate the transfer valve andcollection body 140 and thetube holder 120, respectively, disassembled from one another. A perspective view of the bottom side of thetube holder 120 is shown inFIG. 15 . Transfer valve andcollection body 140 encloses a transfer valve housing 142 (seeFIG. 16 below), including a valve assembly 180 (partially shown inFIG. 19 , and discussed in greater detail below), and a locking interface having keyedopenings 141 a and retention flanges 141 b for locating and retaining thetube holder 120 relative to thevalve assembly 180. Specifically, the retention wings 122 (FIG. 15 ) protruding radially fromactuator receiver 124 on a bottom of thetube holder 120 are received through thekeyed openings 141 a, and upon thetube holder 120 being rotated relative to the transfer valve andcollection body 140, theretention wings 122 rotate under the retention flanges 141 b to retain thetube holder 120 firmly to the transfer valve andcollection body 140. - Referring to
FIGS. 14, 19, 22, 27, and 29 , thevalve assembly 180 includes arotary valve 182, avalve actuator 184, anelastomeric valve layer 190, and a portion of thehousing top 144. Theactuator 184 is spaced apart from and rotationally fixed with therotary valve 182 by acentral shaft 181. Theelastomeric valve layer 190 and portion ofhousing top 144 are fixed relative to thehousing 140, and therefore do not rotate with therotary valve 182,actuator 184, andshaft 181. Actuator 184 (FIGS. 14 and 16 ) defines an opening comprising alatch boss receiver 186 that engagingly receives latch boss 148 (FIG. 17 ), and further defines an elongated, arcuate opening comprising a drawport interface receiver 188 that engagingly receives the draw port interface 130 (FIG. 15 ) of thetube holder 120. - The
tube holder 120 also comprises alatch actuation key 126 and an elongated, arcuatedraw port interface 130, both located within theactuator receiver 124. Thedraw port interface 130 is positioned and sized to fit precisely into drawport interface receiver 188 upon mounting thetube holder 120 to the transfer valve andcollection body 140. Likewise,latch actuation key 126 is positioned and sized to fit precisely into thelatch boss receiver 186 upon mounting thetube holder 120 to the transfer valve andcollection body 140. Drawport interface 130 further comprises a recessed alcohol orother disinfectant swab 134 and aneedleless draw nozzle 132. - Referring now to
FIG. 16 , this figure shows a top perspective view of thetransfer valve housing 142 as it would appear if removed from the transfer valve andcollection body 140.Transfer valve housing 142 includes ahousing top 144 and ahousing bottom 145.Transfer valve housing 142 also houses avalve assembly 180 comprising anvalve actuator 184 and a rotary valve 182 (not shown inFIG. 16 ) rigidly held together with ashaft 181, and thehousing top 144 and anelastomeric valve layer 190 there between (thevalve assembly 180 is discussed in greater detail in connection withFIG. 19 below). Materials from which thehousing 142,tube holder 120,actuator 184, andvalve 182 can be formed, include, for example, structural polymer material such as ABS, Polyurethane, Polycarbonate, PBT, PEI, PEEK, Polypropylene, PET, and the like. Materials from which theelastomeric layer 190 can be formed, include, for example, thermoplastic urethane, thermoplastic vulcanizate, PEBA, TPE, RTV Silicone, and the like. - The
housing top 144 includes anopening 146 for receiving the valve assemblycentral shaft 181 there through and acurved latch cantilever 147 at the distal tip of which is located alatch boss 148. Thelatch boss 148 cooperates with thelatch boss receiver 186 of thevalve actuator 184 to rotationally lock thevalve assembly 180 relative to thehousing 142 andelastomeric valve layer 190. Thehousing top 144 also includes aneedleless draw port 154 from which ablood collection flow 18 is provided to thetube holder 120 during a particular operating mode described further below. - Referring now to
FIG. 19 , this figure shows thevalve assembly 180 with itsvalve actuator 184,rotary valve 182, andshaft 181. As discussed above,valve actuator 184 defines thelatch boss receiver 186 and the drawport interface receiver 188 for the draw port.Rotary valve 182 is shown inFIG. 19 to definetransfer channel 183. Thevalve 182 andactuator 184 are spaced apart to fit precisely on opposite sides of thehousing top 144 andelastomeric valve layer 190, as is best illustrated inFIGS. 22, 27, and 29 , with thehousing top 144 located between the actuator 184 and theelastomeric valve layer 190, theelastomeric valve layer 190 located between thehousing top 144 and therotary valve 182, and therotary valve 182 located between theelastomeric valve layer 190 and thehousing bottom 145. The precise sizing and positioning of the various features on thevalve 182,elastomeric valve layer 190,actuator 184, and the features of thehousing top 144 is of substantive importance, as discussed above and below. -
FIG. 18 and various subsequent FIGS. shows a semi-transparent view of thetransfer valve housing 142, including fluid passageways defined by portions of thehousing top 144,elastomeric valve layer 190,rotary valve 182. These fluid passageways are selectively in fluid communication with the incomingIV infusion line 10 viainlet 143, theinfusion lumen 160, theblood collection lumen 150, and theneedless draw port 154. Specifically, and referring toFIGS. 21 and 28 , the blood collection channel 152, described in part above, is further defined by ablood collection passageway 194, including bloodcollection transfer orifice 195, and drawport 154. Theblood collection lumen 150,passageway 194,transfer orifice 195, and drawport 154 are always in fluid communication for both operating modes, namely the infusion/non-collection mode illustrated inFIG. 26-27 , and the infusion/collection mode illustrated inFIG. 28-29 . Additionally, the infusion channel 162, described in part above, is further defined by theinfusion passageway 197, including theinfusion transfer orifice 196. Theinfusion lumen 160,passageway 197,transfer orifice 196,inlet 143, andIV infusion line 10 are likewise always in fluid communication for both operating modes. - In contrast, selective fluid communication is provided depending on the rotational location of the
valve assembly 180 andtube holder 120 relative to thetransfer valve housing 142. Before mounting thetube holder 120 to the transfer valve andcollection body 140, therotary valve 182 andvalve actuator 184 are in their counterclockwise most position, shown inFIGS. 16 and 26-28 . This relative position provides the infusion/non-collection mode of operation, in which thetransfer channel 183 defined by therotary valve 182 is in arotational position 183 a, shown best inFIG. 27 , but also shown inFIGS. 20 and 26 , which provides unrestricted fluid communication between theinfusion transfer orifice 196 and theblood collection orifice 195, the function of which will be further described below. - Upon mounting
tube holder 120 to the transfer valve andcollection body 140, including full available clockwise rotation of thetube holder 120,valve actuator 184, androtary valve 182, the infusion/collection mode of operation is provided, in which thetransfer channel 183 is located in therotation position 183 b, shown inFIGS. 21 and 28-29 , which provides fluid isolation between theinfusion transfer orifice 196 and theblood collection orifice 195, and thus, fluid isolation through all of the blood collection channel 152 and the infusion channel 162. Additionally, in the infusion/collection mode of operation, theneedleless draw nozzle 132 is in fluid communication with theneedleless draw port 154, and thus the blood collection channel 152 is further defined in this operating mode by theneedleless draw nozzle 132 andtube penetration needle 136. - Selection between the infusion/non-collection mode and the infusion/collection mode is provided by the mounting and clockwise rotation, and the counter-clockwise rotation and unmounting of the
tube holder 120 with the transfer valve andcollection body 140, including the associated function of various interoperative structures resulting from the mounting and rotation. - Upon the
tube holder 120 being mounted to the transfer valve andcollection body 140, thevalve actuator 184 is received into the actuator receiver 124 (FIG. 15 ), and thelatch actuation key 126 extends downward into thelatch boss receiver 186, from the side opposite that from which theboss 148 ofcantilever 147 upwardly extends into thelatch boss receiver 186, pressing theboss 148 downward and clear of thelatch boss receiver 186. Furthermore, when thetube holder 120 is mounted to the transfer valve andcollection body 140 thedraw port interface 130 fits precisely into drawport interface receiver 188. To mount thetube holder 120 to the transfer valve andcollection body 140, the two are brought together, fitting the matching and retention features as described above, and theholder 120 is rotated so as to engage the tubeholder retention wings 122 under the retention flanges 141 b. -
FIG. 22 shows a cross-sectional cut-off view of thetube holder 120 and the transfer valve andcollection body 140 assembled together.FIG. 22 also shows the collectiontube penetration needle 136 that is coupled to thetube holder 120, projecting upwardly into the center oftube receptacle 128, and in fluid communication with theneedleless draw nozzle 132.FIG. 22 also illustrates the collectiontube penetration needle 136 penetrating the cover 17 portion of thecollection tube 15 that is inserted axially into thetube receptacle 128 so that ablood sample 18 can be collected therein. The figure shows the assembly in the normal, non-blood-collection mode, wherein theneedleless draw nozzle 132 does not overlap theneedleless draw port 154. In this infusion/non-collection mode, thevalve assembly 180 functions to provide theIV fluid 14 flowing intoinlet 143 fromIV infusion line 10 into both channels 152 and 162, and thus bothlumens FIG. 20 , and continues on in both channels through both thecatheter 20 and microlumen 210 and into the patient's vein. - In the following illustrative use of the
illustrative device 110, the installation of the infusion andblood collection device 110 during intravenous therapy of a patient is described. Prior to installation of thedevice 110, following standard techniques well-known in the art, the peripheralvenous catheter 20 is typically inserted into a vein of the patient and theIV therapy tube 10 is connected via a Luer-type orother connection 11. To install the infusion andblood collection device 110 in preparation for drawing clean blood samples from the patient via thecatheter 20, the IVtherapy fluid flow 14 throughIV infusion line 10 is stopped, and the peripheralvenous catheter 20 is disconnected from theIV infusion line 10. The transfer valve andcollection body 140 of the device is connected to theIV infusion line 10 by connecting theconnector 11 to theinlet port 143. - Referring to
FIGS. 26-27 , illustrating use of thedevice 110 in the infusion/non-collection mode of operation, thefluid flow 14 through theIV infusion line 10 is then restarted, and the IV fluid 14 (or e.g., heparin) flowing intoinlet port 143 fills both the blood collection channel 152 and the infusion channel 162 in thehousing 142,lumens passageways 250 and 260 defined by thecatheter head body 202, until theIV fluid 14 flows from thecatheter head assembly 200, thus pushing all air from the channels 152 and 162. - The
catheter head assembly 200 can then be attached to the catheter 20 (which, for example, has remained in the patient) by inserting themicrolumen 210 all the way through thecatheter 20 and tightening the Luer-type orother connector 204 onto themale connector 83, as shown inFIG. 23 . The microlumen stabilizer pullhandle 206 is then pulled, retracting the wire or pin from the interior of themicrolumen 210, and with the IV therapy resumed, thus allowing theIV therapy fluid 14 to infuse into the patient from both thecatheter 20 and the microlumen 210 (not precisely illustrated). - The infusion/non-collection
transfer channel position 183 a functions to provideIV fluid flow 14 from theIV infusion line 10 through both the blood collection line/channel 150/152 and the IV infusion line/channel 160/162. Referring toFIGS. 20 and 26 , theIV fluid 14 flows from theIV infusion line 10 through to theinfusion conduit 197, where it is free to flow intoinfusion orifice 196 and flow out through the two pathways: theinfusion line 160 and also through thetransfer channel 183, through theblood collection orifice 195, intoblood collection conduit 194 and out theblood collection line 150. Before thetube holder 120 is coupled to transfer valve andinfusion body 140 thetransfer channel 183 on thevalve assembly 180 is in the infusion/non-collection position 183 a and theblood collection port 154 is closed off fromfluid 14 escaping the port. - More specifically, and referring to
FIGS. 30A and 30B , theblood collection port 154 can be sealed by the design of an elastomericcentral portion 155 havingslits 157 and that is bulbous downward toward the source of internal pressure of the fluid 14, and wherein the internal pressure of the fluid 14 cooperates with the geometry of thecentral portion 155 to more tightly seal theport 154, preventing an opening 156 (FIGS. 30B and 31B ) from forming between theslits 157. Alternatively, or additionally, the bottom surface ofvalve actuator 184 against which thetop surface 158 of thecentral portion 155 rests when thedevice 110 is in the infusion/non-collection mode can act to seal or to further seal theport 154, preventing an opening 156 (FIGS. 30B and 31B ) from forming between theslits 157. - In the following illustrative use of the
illustrative device 110, the use of the infusion andblood collection device 110 to drawblood 18 from the patient and into acollection tube 30 without interrupting the IV therapy of the patient is described. Thedevice 110 is installed between IVtherapy infusion line 10 andpatient catheter 20 and flushed off all air as described above. Atube holder 120, disassembled from the transfer valve andcollection body 140, is held in one hand, and a heat sealed tab (not shown) sealing over the blooddraw port interface 130 is pulled away from thetube holder 120, exposing theinterface 130, including thealcohol swab 134 and the previously sterilizeddraw nozzle 132. - Next, the
retention wings 122 of thetube holder 120 are aligned to thekeyed openings 141 a of the transfer valve andcollection body 140. This also aligns thedraw port interface 130 with theinterface receiver 188, and also aligns thelatch boss receiver 186 with thelatch actuation key 126. Thetube holder 120 is pressed firmly into position, so that thevalve actuator 184 is received into theactuator receiver 124, which presses thelatch actuation key 126 into thelatch boss receiver 186, deflecting the latch boss 148 (including cantilever 147) downward so that it is flush with the top surface of thehousing top 144, and thus axially out from thelatch boss receiver 186 so that the valve actuator 184 (including therotary valve 182 and elastomeric valve layer 190) may rotate. In this position thedraw port interface 130 is also seated within theinterface receiver 188 of thevalve actuator 184, thus rotating thevalve actuator 184 androtary valve 182 as thetube holder 120 is rotated clockwise relative to thehousing 140. - With the
latch boss 148 disengaged from thelatch boss receiver 186, thetube holder 120 can be rotated clockwise relative to the transfer valve andcollection body 140, rotating theretention wings 122 under the retention flanges 141 b until thewings 122 reach a rotational stop (not shown), retaining thetube holder 120 in place on the transfer valve andcollection body 140. - During the clockwise rotation of the
tube holder 120 relative to the transfer valve andcollection body 140, several critical events occur: (1) Theneedleless draw port 154 located on the face of thehousing top 144 is drawn under theramp 131 portion of thedraw port interface 130, and across thealcohol swab 134, thus wiping and cleaning theneedleless draw port 154. (2) Theneedleless nozzle 154 is moved into axial alignment with theneedleless draw port 132, cooperating to open and seal upon thedraw port 132, thus allowing collectedblood 18 to flow therebetween. (3) Thetransfer channel 183 on therotary valve 182 of thevalve assembly 180 is rotated from the infusion/non-collection moderotational position 183 a shown inFIGS. 26-27 (connecting the blood collection channel 152 and the IV infusion channel 162), and to the infusion/collection moderotational position 183 b shown inFIGS. 26-27 , isolating the blood collection channel 152 from the IV infusion channel 162. - This can be clearly seen by comparing
FIGS. 20 and 21 or 26 and 28 , showing the flow pattern of theIV fluid 14 through the transfer valve andcollection body 140 with thetransfer channel 183 connecting channels 152 and 162 in the non-collectionrotational position 183 a, withFIGS. 21 and 29 , showing the flow pattern of theIV fluid 14 andblood 18 through the transfer valve andcollection body 140 with thetransfer channel 183 moved into thecollection position 183 b, which isolates the channels 152 and 162. As can be seen inFIGS. 21, 24, and 28-29 , with thetransfer channel 183 in theblood collection position 183 b,IV therapy fluid 14 infusion through the infusion channel 162 and outmicrolumen 210 continues without being inhibited, as shown inFIG. 25 . - More specifically, and referring to
FIGS. 30A and 30B , theblood collection port 154 can be sealed by the design of an elastomericcentral portion 155 havingslits 157 and that is bulbous downward toward the source of internal pressure of the fluid 14, and wherein the internal pressure of the fluid 14 cooperates with the geometry of thecentral portion 155 to more tightly seal theport 154, preventing an opening 156 (FIGS. 30B and 31B ) from forming between theslits 157. Alternatively, or additionally, the bottom surface ofvalve actuator 184 against which thetop surface 158 of thecentral portion 155 rests when thedevice 110 is in the infusion/non-collection mode can act to seal or to further seal theport 154, preventing an opening 156 (FIGS. 30B and 31B ) from forming between theslits 157. - The next step in this illustrative use entails placing the
collection tube 30 into thetube receptacle 128 of thetube holder 120 and pressing downward into the position shown inFIG. 22 , allowing thepenetration needle 136 to pierce thecollection tube cover 32 and the vacuum in thetube 30 to pullblood 18 via the blood collection channel 152, namely, through the collectiontube penetration needle 136, theneedleless nozzle 132, theneedleless draw port 154 which thenozzle 132 seals, thepassageway 194, thetransfer orifice 195, thedraw channel lumen 150, the passageway 250 defined by thecatheter head body 202, and between thecatheter 20 and themicrolumen 210, as shown inFIGS. 24-25 and 28-29 . - Referring to
FIGS. 30B and 31B , in the infusion/collection mode, theblood collection port 154 is actuated by achamfered protrusion 133 a defined at a distal end of theneedleless draw nozzle 132 and sized and shaped to cooperate to open theblood collection port 154. More specifically, thetop surface 158 of the elastomericcentral portion 155 is pressed axially downward by theprotrusion 133 a, deforming thecentral portion 155 and allowing anopening 156 to form between theslits 157, thus allowingblood 18 to flow upwardly through theaxial channel 133 b in thenozzle 132 and on through thepenetration needle 136 and into thecollection tube 130. - Once the desired volume of
blood 18 is collected intocollection tube 30, thecollection tube 30 is extracted from the tube receptacle 138, and thetube holder 120 is grasped in one hand and the transfer valve andcollection body 140 in the other, thetube holder 120 is rotated counterclockwise relative to thebody 140 and separated therefrom. This rotation and separation rotates thevalve actuator 182 and therotary valve 184 to the counterclockwise position shown inFIGS. 20 and 26-27 , reengaging thelatch boss 148 into thelatch boss receiver 186, thereby again locking thedevice 110 in the infusion/non-collection mode, in which theneedleless draw nozzle 132 is also rotated out of alignment with theneedleless draw port 154, allowing thedraw port 154 to again be sealed, preventing opening 156 from forming. In the infusion/non-collection mode, the blood collection channel 152 and infusion channel 162 are again in fluid communication via therotational position 183 a of thetransfer channel 182, and theIV therapy fluid 14 is again provided to both channels 152 and 162 (FIG. 26 ), flushing the blood collection channel 152 of theblood 18 earlier drawn, and providing for reuse of thedevice 110 with a new or sterilizedtube holder 120 andcollection tube 30. - In regard to the restriction of
blood flow 18 to reduce the blood collection flow rate to the point that the IV fluid flow is not reversed in the vein and drawn into the blood collection catheter, as with thedevice 100, fordevice 110 this restriction can be accomplished in various ways known in the art and at various locations along the blood collection channel 152, either active restriction device, passive restriction device, or a combination of active and passive restriction devices. In the above illustrative embodiment of thedevice 110, the restriction in flow rate is made passively via the choice of the gauge of thepenetration needle 136 that penetrates the end of the collection tube, thus a needle is selected having a sufficiently narrow internal diameter to provide the required limit to blood flow rate. In theillustrative device 110 with themicrolumen 210 extending 10 mm beyond the blood collection entry atcatheter 20, a restriction limiting the flow rate to about 30 ml/minute provided the desired lack of contamination of the blood sample collected. This desired restriction was passively provided by using apenetration needle 136 having a gauge of about 24. In another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by using a tesla-type valve located anywhere along the blood collection channel 152, including located in thehousing 142. - In another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by utilizing a check valve with a tuned reverse flow rate in lieu of a typical shut off, located anywhere along the blood collection channel 152.
- In yet another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by utilizing a length of channel of reduced diameter to create the required restriction, located anywhere along the blood collection channel 152.
- In still another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by having a reduction in clearance between the outside of the
microlumen 210 and the inside of thecatheter 20. - In still another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by use of a multi-lumen catheter (venous or arterial) in lieu of a typical peripheral
intravenous catheter 20 andmicrolumen 210, but with a draw channel offset and of sufficiently small diameter and length to restrict the flow and prevent a diluted draw. - In still another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by the use of an active device, which restricts the flow of the
blood 18 to a collection device, located anywhere along the blood collection channel 152. Illustratively, the active device can include a pump, which draws the blood and presents the blood to thecollection tube 30. - In still another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that the required blood collection flow restriction may be accomplished by having a diaphragm, needle, or other such valve actuated either by electronics or manually to create a restriction located anywhere along the blood collection channel 152.
- Another embodiment of the invention herein relates to the novel feature of using a valve to segregate two or more infusion channels into a blood collection channel 152 and intravenous therapy infusion channel 162, as illustrated above. An illustrative embodiment of this feature is the use of a rotary valve as illustrated above.
- In another embodiment, it is contemplated herein that an alternative valve type may be used. Illustratively, the valve may be a cock-stop type valve, a diaphragm type valve, an electrically actuated solenoid type valve, or a magnetic actuated valve.
- In another embodiment, described herein is a rotary blood-draw valve with locking features, as illustrated herein, to prevent access to the blood collection port by patients, e.g., pediatric or agitated patients or patients suffering from various forms of dementia, or having other elevated risks relating to additional needle insertions.
- In another embodiment, described herein is a sliding blood-draw valve with locking features, to prevent access to the blood collection port by patients, e.g., pediatric or agitated patients or patients suffering from various forms of dementia, or having elevated risks relating to additional needle insertions.
- In another embodiment, described herein is a collection tube holder with integrated alcohol swipe and means to clean the blood collection access port via sliding or rotating the tube holder into place prior to the draw and after the draw, as illustrated above.
- It is understood that, while the illustrative embodiments of the
devices same device 110 and system can be used for controlling the blood collection rate, and a suitable protrusion length of the microlumen tip beyond the catheter tip could be easily determined and used. Additionally, it is understood that features of one of thedevices
Claims (20)
1. An infusion and blood collection apparatus for use with a catheter, a distal end of the catheter configured for insertion into a blood vessel, the apparatus comprising:
an IV infusion lumen attachable to the catheter and defining a distal end, the IV infusion lumen configured for insertion into the blood vessel with the distal end of the IV infusion lumen extending into the blood vessel a specified distance beyond the distal end of the catheter;
an IV fluid inlet fluidly connected to the IV infusion lumen and configured for fluidic connection to an IV fluid source;
a draw port configured for fluid connection to a blood collection channel at least in part defined by a radial space between the interior surface of the catheter and an outside surface of the IV infusion lumen, the draw port configured for fluidic connection to a vacuum source; and
a fluid flow restriction device configured and sized to limit a flow rate of blood drawn through the distal end of the catheter to a preselected flow rate preventing IV fluid exiting the distal end of the IV infusion lumen from entering the distal end of the catheter when the catheter and IV infusion lumen are inserted into the blood vessel, the IV fluid inlet is fluidly connected to the IV fluid source, and the draw port is fluidly connected to the vacuum source.
2. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fluid flow restriction device defines an internal cross-section sized so that the preselected flow rate is 30 ml/min or less.
3. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the internal cross-section is sized so that the preselected flow rate is 15 ml/min or less.
4. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the specified distance is at least 10 mm.
5. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fluid flow restriction device is sized to limit the flow rate of blood drawn through the distal end of the catheter to a value of 30 ml/min or less when the specified distance is at least 10 mm, the catheter and IV infusion lumen are inserted into a blood vessel, the IV fluid inlet is fluidly connected to an IV fluid source, and the draw port is fluidly connected to a vacuum source.
6. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fluid flow restriction device includes a section of reduced internal cross-section for blood draw flow between the distal end of the catheter and the draw port.
7. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the fluid flow restriction device comprises a length of 24-gauge stainless steel hypodermic round tubing.
8. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 7 , further comprising a blood collection component that includes the fluid flow restriction device, and wherein at least a portion of the fluid flow restriction device extends within the draw port.
9. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 8 , wherein at least a portion of the fluid flow restriction device fluidly couples the vacuum source to the draw port.
10. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the IV infusion lumen is positioned within an interior of the catheter and the section of reduced internal cross-section is defined by a section of reduced clearance between an outside surface of the IV infusion lumen and the interior surface of the catheter.
11. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the fluid flow restriction device comprises a valve and the section of reduced internal cross-section is defined by active control of the valve.
12. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the IV infusion lumen is 24 to 25 gauge and the catheter is 18 to 20 gauge.
13. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fluid flow restriction device is sized to correspond with a vacuum pressure of the vacuum source.
14. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fluid flow restriction device is sized to achieve a volume flow rate of 30 ml/min or less when the vacuum pressure is 700 mmHg or less.
15. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fluid flow restriction device comprises a check valve with a tuned reverse flow rate.
16. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fluid flow restriction device comprises a pump having a controllable flow rate.
17. An infusion and blood collection apparatus, comprising:
a catheter defining a distal end, the distal end of the catheter configured for insertion into a blood vessel;
an IV infusion lumen located within the catheter and defining a distal end, the IV infusion lumen configured for the distal end of the IV infusion lumen to extend into the blood vessel a specified distance beyond the distal end of the catheter;
an IV fluid inlet fluidly connected to the IV infusion lumen and configured for fluidic connection to an IV fluid source;
a draw port fluidly connected to a radial space between the interior surface of the catheter and the outside surface of the IV infusion lumen; and
a blood collection component configured for releasable fluidic connection to the draw port; and
wherein the blood collection component:
includes a fluid flow restriction device having a first portion configured for fluidic connection to the draw port and a second portion configured for fluidic connection to a vacuum source; and
is sized to limit a flow rate of blood drawn through the distal end of the catheter to a preselected flow rate preventing IV fluid exiting the distal end of the IV infusion lumen from entering the distal end of the catheter when the catheter and IV infusion lumen are inserted into the blood vessel, the IV fluid inlet is fluidly connected to the IV fluid source, and the second portion of the fluid flow restriction device is fluidly connected to the vacuum source.
18. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the fluid flow restriction device comprises a length of rigid tubing having an interior diameter sized to limit a flow rate of the blood drawn.
19. An infusion and blood collection apparatus, comprising:
a catheter defining a distal end, the distal end of the catheter configured for insertion into a blood vessel;
an IV infusion lumen extending through an interior of the catheter and defining a distal end, the distal end of the IV infusion lumen extending into the blood vessel at least 10 mm beyond the distal end of the catheter;
an IV fluid inlet fluidly connected to the IV infusion lumen and configured for fluidic connection to an IV fluid source;
a blood collection channel defined at least in part by a radial space between the interior surface of the catheter and an outside surface of the IV infusion lumen;
a draw port fluidly connected to the blood collection channel and configured for fluidic connection to a vacuum source; and
a fluid flow restriction device sized to limit a flow rate of blood drawn through the blood collection channel to 30 ml/min or less when the draw port is fluidly connected to the vacuum source.
20. The infusion and blood collection apparatus of claim 19 , further comprising a blood collection device, and wherein the blood collection device includes the fluid flow restriction device and the fluid flow restriction device is releasably fluidly coupled between the draw port and the vacuum source.
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US9855386B2 (en) | 2018-01-02 |
CN105025948B (en) | 2017-12-26 |
RU2682456C2 (en) | 2019-03-19 |
EP2938369A4 (en) | 2016-11-23 |
WO2014106266A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
DK2938369T3 (en) | 2018-08-06 |
EP2938369B1 (en) | 2018-06-20 |
RU2015129013A (en) | 2017-02-07 |
EP2938369A1 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
CN105025948A (en) | 2015-11-04 |
CN107913443B (en) | 2020-07-14 |
US20180126072A1 (en) | 2018-05-10 |
CN107913443A (en) | 2018-04-17 |
CA2896716A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
CA2896716C (en) | 2020-09-15 |
US11623038B2 (en) | 2023-04-11 |
US20140188002A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
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