US20230204949A1 - Color-selective effective focal length optics - Google Patents
Color-selective effective focal length optics Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0081—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
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Definitions
- This disclosure relates generally to optics, and in particular to optical assemblies.
- High quality optical assemblies that may include a combination of lenses, filters, and/or polarizers are used extensively in both commercial and consumer products.
- An optical assembly may be utilized to focus images from a display for a user of a head mounted display (HMD) in the context of Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and/or Mixed Reality (MR).
- VR Virtual Reality
- AR Augmented Reality
- MR Mixed Reality
- a device that utilizes an optical assembly is powered by a battery, the optical efficiency of the optical assembly may be an important design consideration. In these and other contexts, it may also be desirable to provide high-resolution images with a wide field of view (FOV).
- FOV wide field of view
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example head mounted display (HMD) that may include a display and an optical assembly with a color-selective effective focal length, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- HMD head mounted display
- FIG. 2 illustrates a cut away view of an HMD that includes a display and an optical assembly configured to direct display light to an eyebox area, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example optical assembly and different optical paths taken by first display light and second display light, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a chart of example color bands that may be transmitted by example color filters, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example chart illustrating an example transmission profile of a color-selective partially reflective layer, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIGS. 6 A- 6 B illustrate charts of example transmission/reflection profiles of a color-selective reflective polarizer for different polarization orientations, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a chart including a transmission/reflection profile of a second color-selective partially reflective layer, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIGS. 8 A- 8 C illustrate reflective optical elements disposed on curved surfaces that impart different optical power (and corresponding effective focal lengths) to the first and second light spectrums, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 9 illustrates additional ray paths which are the off-axis versions of ray paths illustrated in FIGS. 8 B- 8 C , in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
- FIG. 10 illustrates an example display having first pixels emitting first display light and second pixels emitting second display light, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
- FIGS. 11 A- 11 C illustrate example first and second pixels having red-green-blue (RGB) subpixels and an example arrangement of the first and second pixels, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- RGB red-green-blue
- FIGS. 12 A- 12 B illustrate example field of views corresponding to different effective focal lengths of an optical assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an example Field of View (FOV) that includes image regions that are illuminated by the first pixels and the second pixels of the display, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
- FOV Field of View
- Embodiments of a display and an optical assembly with a color-selective effective focal length are described herein.
- numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments.
- One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the techniques described herein can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc.
- well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring certain aspects.
- Embodiments of the disclosure include a display and optical assembly with a color-selective effective focal length.
- the disclosed display and optical assembly may be used in a head mounted display (HMD) to provide an increased Field of View (FOV) and present high resolution inset images to a user of the HMD.
- the color-selective characteristics of the optical assembly may provide increased optical efficiency and therefore require less electrical power for the display.
- a display may include first pixels emitting first display light having a first light spectrum and second pixels emitting second display light having a second light spectrum.
- the first pixels may include first red-green-blue subpixels that emit first red band light, first green band light, and first blue band light, respectively.
- the second pixels may include second red-green-blue subpixels that emit second red band light, second green band light, and second blue band light, respectively.
- the light bands of the first pixels are different than the second pixels so that the first light spectrum and the second light spectrum “see” different optical elements of the optical assembly to provide the differing effective focal lengths.
- the optical assembly may include a color-selective reflective polarizer (CSRP) configured to reflect the first light spectrum (including the first red-green-blue bands) in a particular polarization orientation but not reflect the second light spectrum.
- CSRP color-selective reflective polarizer
- one or more color-selective partially reflective layers (CSPRL) may be configured to selectively reflect either the first light spectrum or the second light spectrum.
- the one or more CSPRLs may be disposed on a curvature to selectively impart optical power (in reflection) to either the first light spectrum or the second light spectrum and thereby give the first light spectrum a first effective focal length and give the second light spectrum a second effective focal length.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example head mounted display (HMD) 100 that may include a display and an optical assembly with a color-selective effective focal length, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- Example head mounted display (HMD) 100 includes a top structure 141 , a rear securing structure 143 , and a side structure 142 attached with a viewing structure 140 having a front rigid body 144 .
- the illustrated HMD 100 is configured to be worn on a head of a user of the HMD.
- top structure 141 includes a fabric strap that may include elastic.
- Side structure 142 and rear securing structure 143 may include a fabric as well as rigid structures (e.g. plastics) for securing the HMD to the head of the user.
- HMD 100 may optionally include earpiece(s) 120 configured to deliver audio to the ear(s) of a wearer of HMD 100 .
- viewing structure 140 includes an interface membrane 118 for contacting a face of a wearer of HMD 100 .
- Interface membrane 118 may function to block out some or all ambient light from reaching the eyes of the wearer of HMD 100 .
- Example HMD 100 also includes a chassis for supporting hardware of the viewing structure 140 of HMD 100 .
- Hardware of viewing structure 140 may include any of processing logic, wired and/or wireless data interface for sending and receiving data, graphic processors, and one or more memories for storing data and computer-executable instructions.
- viewing structure 140 may be configured to receive wired power.
- viewing structure 140 is configured to be powered by one or more batteries.
- viewing structure 140 may be configured to receive wired data including video data.
- viewing structure 140 is configured to receive wireless data including video data.
- Viewing structure 140 may include a display for directing image light to a wearer of HMD 100 .
- the display may include an LCD, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, or micro-LED display for directing image light to a wearer of HMD 100 .
- OLED organic light emitting diode
- micro-LED micro-LED display for directing image light to a wearer of HMD 100 .
- an eye-tracking camera may be included in viewing structure 140 and positioned to capture image(s) of an eye of a user of HMD 100 .
- FIG. 2 illustrates a cut away view of an HMD that includes a display 210 and an optical assembly 230 configured to direct display light 211 to an eyebox area, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- Optical assembly 230 is positioned to receive the display light 211 and direct the display light 211 to eye 202 as image light 213 .
- Optical assembly 230 may be configured to allow eye 202 of a wearer of HMD 100 to focus on a virtual image displayed by display 210 .
- FIG. 2 only illustrates one eye 202
- an HMD may have a display 210 (or a portion of a shared display) and an optical assembly 230 for each eye of the user of the HMD.
- the display 210 may include a display pixel array having first pixels emitting first display light having a first light spectrum and second pixels emitting second display light having a second light spectrum.
- the first pixels may include first red-green-blue (RGB) subpixels that emit first red band light, first green band light, and first blue band light, respectively.
- FIG. 11 A illustrates an RGB1 1110 pixel that includes a red subpixel R1 1111 , a green subpixel G1 1112 , and a blue subpixel B1 1113 , for example.
- the second pixels may include second RGB subpixels that emit second red band light, second green band light, and second blue band light, respectively.
- the 11 B illustrates an RGB2 1120 pixel that includes a red subpixel R2 1121 , a green subpixel G2 1122 , and a blue subpixel B2 1123 , for example.
- the first red band light is different than the second red band light
- the first green band light is different than the second green band light
- the first blue band light is different than the second blue band light, in this embodiment.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example optical assembly 330 and the different optical paths taken by the first display light and the second display light, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
- the optical elements included in example optical assembly 330 include a color filter array 331 , a circular polarizer 332 , a color-selective partially reflective layer 333 , a quarter-waveplate 334 , a color-selective reflective polarizer 335 , a quarter-waveplate 336 , a color-selective partially reflective layer 337 , a quarter-waveplate 338 , a reflective polarizer 339 , and an optional anti-narcissus layer 340 .
- Display 210 may include display pixel array 311 , color filter array 331 , and circular polarizer 332 , in some embodiments.
- display pixel array 311 emits display light 351 for presenting one or more images to a viewer.
- Display light 351 is emitted by display pixel array 311 and encounters color filter array layer 331 which generates first display light 352 having a first light spectrum and second display light 372 having a second light spectrum different than the first light spectrum.
- Color filter array 331 may be a two-dimensional layer having color filters disposed over each pixel or subpixel of display pixel array 311 .
- Optical path 350 represents the optical path of the first light spectrum of first display light 352 through optical assembly 330 and optical path 370 represents the optical path of the second light spectrum of second display light 372 through optical assembly 330 .
- Optical path 350 corresponds with a first effective focal length of the optical assembly 330 and optical path 370 corresponds with a second effective focal length of optical assembly 330 .
- FIG. 4 illustrates a chart 499 of example color bands that may be transmitted by example color filters, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
- color filter array 331 may include six different color filters that includes a first red color filter 401 passing first red band 411 , a first green color filter 402 passing first green band 412 , a first blue color filter 403 passing first blue band 413 , a second red color filter 404 passing second red band 421 , a second green color filter 405 passing second green band 422 , and a second blue color filter 406 passing second blue band 423 .
- Each color filter may pass a relatively narrow band (e.g. 10 nm) of display light and reject other visible wavelengths when illuminated by white light, for example.
- FIG. 10 nm a relatively narrow band
- each color filter transmits a very high percentage (e.g. approaching 100%) of the light within the transmission band of the particular color filter and rejects (blocks) wavelengths outside the transmission band.
- the transmission bands are illustrated as beside each other, there may be significant spacing between the blue and green bands and the green and red bands, for example.
- the solid line illustrates example bands from an example RGB1 pixel such as RGB1 1110 in FIG. 11 A and the dashed line illustrates example bands from an example RGB2 pixel such as RGB2 1120 in FIG. 11 B .
- display light 351 propagating along optical path 350 encounters color filter array 331 which generates first display light 352 having a first light spectrum.
- the first light spectrum may include bands 411 , 412 , and 413 from first pixels (e.g. pixels configured as RGB1 1110 ) in the display pixel array 311 .
- First display light 352 encounters circular polarizer 332 and circular polarizer 332 passes the first display light 352 as right-hand circularly polarized light 353 , in the illustrated embodiment.
- Right-hand circularly polarized light 353 encounters color-selective partially reflective layer (CSPRL) 333 .
- a percentage of light 353 is either blocked or reflected by CSPRL (not illustrated) and the remaining percentage continues propagating along optical path 350 as light 354 , still retaining its right-hand circularly polarized orientation.
- CSPRL color-selective partially reflective layer
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example chart 599 illustrating an example transmission profile of CSPRL 333 , in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
- FIG. 5 shows that the CSPRL 333 transmits a percentage (e.g. 50%) of the first light spectrum.
- CSPRL 333 transmits approximately 50% of the first red band 411 , approximately 50% of the first green band 412 , and approximately 50% of the first blue band 413 .
- the notches in the filter of CSPRL 333 are aligned with the bands 411 , 412 , and 413 so a percentage of those bands are reflected while second display light 372 having the second light spectrum (e.g. bands 421 , 422 , and 423 ) is fully transmitted by CSPRL 333 .
- CSPRL 333 may include a multi-layer dielectric film to achieve the transmission signature 510 illustrated in FIG. 5 .
- Quarter-waveplate 334 is configured to convert incident right-hand circularly polarized light 354 into linearly polarized light 355 .
- quarter-waveplate 334 is oriented with its fast axis at 135° such that the outputted linearly polarized light 355 is vertically oriented.
- Linearly polarized light 355 encounters color-selective reflective polarizer (CSRP) 335 and is reflected as linearly polarized light 356 .
- CSRP color-selective reflective polarizer
- CSRP 335 is configured to reflect the first light spectrum of the first display light when the first display light is oriented in a first linear polarization orientation (e.g. vertically oriented linearly polarized light) and pass the first display light when the first display light is oriented in a second linear polarization orientation (e.g. horizontally oriented linearly polarized light) that is orthogonal to the first linear polarization orientation.
- CSRP 335 is also configured to pass the second light spectrum of the second display light when the second display light is in the first linear polarization orientation and the second linear polarization orientation.
- FIG. 6 A illustrates a chart 649 of an example transmission/reflection profile 610 of CSRP 335 for a first polarization orientation (e.g. vertically oriented linearly polarized light) and FIG. 6 B illustrates a chart 699 of an example transmission/reflection profile 660 of CSRP for a second polarization orientation (e.g. horizontally linearly polarized light) that is orthogonal to the first polarization orientation.
- the solid line illustrates a transmission/reflection profile 610 where the first red band 411 , the first green band 412 , and the first blue band 413 are reflected by CSRP 335 when they have the first linear polarization orientation.
- the second light spectrum e.g.
- chart 699 includes a transmission/reflection profile 660 showing that both the first light spectrum (illustrated as bands 411 , 412 , and 413 ) and the second light spectrum are transmitted by CSRP 335 when the light is oriented in the second linear polarization orientation.
- a color-selective reflective polarizer such as CSRP 335 may be a birefringent film fabricated by the 3M Company of Maplewood, Minnesota, for example.
- light 355 is reflected by CSRP 335 as vertically oriented linearly polarized light 356 since CSRP 335 is configured to reflect the first light spectrum of first display light when the first display light is vertically oriented linearly polarized light.
- Light 356 encounters quarter-waveplate 334 and is converted to right-hand circularly polarized light 357 .
- a percentage (e.g. 50%) of light 357 is either absorbed or transmitted by CSPRL 333 (not illustrated) while the remaining percentage is reflected by CSPRL 333 since light 357 is in the first light spectrum and therefore partially reflected by CSPRL 333 .
- the reflected percentage of light 357 is reflected by CSPRL 333 as left-hand circularly polarized light 358 .
- Quarter-waveplate 334 receives light 358 and converts it to linearly polarized light 359 , illustrated as horizontally-polarized in the illustrated example of FIG. 3 .
- CSRP 335 is configured to pass the first light spectrum of the first display light when oriented in the second linear polarization orientation (e.g. horizontally polarized light in the example of FIG. 3 ), light 359 passes through CSRP 335 as horizontally oriented linearly polarized light 360 .
- Horizontally oriented linearly polarized light 360 encounters quarter-waveplate 336 and quarter-waveplate 336 converts light 360 to left-hand circularly polarized light 361 , in FIG. 3 .
- Propagating along optical path 350 light 361 encounters a second color selective partially reflective layer (CSPRL 337 ).
- FIG. 7 illustrates a chart 799 including a transmission/reflection profile 710 showing that the first light spectrum of first display light (e.g. bands 411 , 412 , 413 ) is transmitted by second CSPRL 337 and the second light spectrum (e.g. bands 421 , 422 , and 423 in the example of FIG. 7 ) is partially reflected.
- first display light e.g. bands 411 , 412 , 413
- the second light spectrum e.g. bands 421 , 422 , and 423 in the example of FIG. 7
- approximately 50% of the second light spectrum is reflected by CSPRL 337 while the remaining percentage is transmitted.
- Second CSPRL 337 passes the first light spectrum, light 361 passes through CSPRL 337 with very little (if any) loss as left-hand circularly polarized light 362 .
- Left-hand circularly polarized light 362 is converted to vertically oriented linearly polarized light 363 by quarter-waveplate 338 and passes through reflective polarizer 339 since reflective polarizer 339 is configured to pass vertically oriented linearly polarized light and reflect horizontally oriented linearly polarized light, in FIG. 3 .
- Vertically oriented linearly polarized light 364 may optionally be converted to circularly polarized light 365 by anti-narcissus layer 340 .
- anti-narcissus layer 340 By including the optional anti-narcissus layer 340 , an HMD user is less likely to see reflections of her own eye from light 365 reflecting off the eye of the user and again reflecting off one or more of the layers illustrated in FIG. 3 since anti-narcissus layer 340 may include a polarizer that absorbs horizontally linearly polarized light.
- display 310 emits display light 371 that encounters color filter array 331 .
- Color filter array 331 generates second display light 372 having a second light spectrum.
- the second display light having the second light spectrum may be generated by second pixels that are overlaid by color filters in the color filter array 331 that transmit the second light spectrum.
- the second light spectrum may include bands 421 , 422 , and 423 from second pixels (e.g. pixels configured as RGB2 1120 ) in the display pixel array 311 .
- Second display light 372 encounters circular polarizer 332 and circular polarizer 332 passes the second display light 372 as right-hand circularly polarized light 373 , in the illustrated embodiment.
- Right-hand circularly polarized light 373 encounters CSPRL 333 . Since CSPRL 333 is configured to transmit the second light spectrum, light 373 is transmitted by CSPRL 333 as light 374 , still retaining its right-hand circularly polarized orientation. Light 374 encounters quarter-waveplate 334 and quarter-waveplate 334 converts incident right-hand circularly polarized light 374 into vertically oriented linearly polarized light 375 . Since CSRP 335 is configured to transmit light that is vertically oriented linearly polarized light (and any light in the second light spectrum regardless of its polarization orientation), light 375 is transmitted by CSRP 335 as light 376 , retaining its vertically oriented linearly polarization orientation. Quarter-waveplate 336 receives light 376 and converts it to right-hand circularly polarized light 377 .
- a percentage of light 377 that encounters second CSPRL 337 is reflected (not illustrated) and lost since CSPRL 337 is configured to reflect a percentage of the second light spectrum.
- a remaining percentage of light 377 that is not reflected by CSPRL 337 is transmitted by CSPRL 337 as light 378 .
- Right-hand circularly polarized light 378 is converted to horizontally oriented linearly polarized light 379 by quarter-waveplate 338 and reflected by reflective polarizer 339 as light 380 since reflective polarizer 339 is configured to reflect horizontally oriented linearly polarized light (and pass vertically oriented linearly polarized light).
- Light 380 is converted to right-hand circularly polarized light 381 by quarter-waveplate 338 .
- a percentage of light 381 that encounters second CSPRL 337 is transmitted (not illustrated) by CSPRL 337 while a remaining percentage is reflected since CSPRL 337 is configured to reflect a percentage of the second light spectrum.
- the reflected percentage of light 381 that is reflected by CSPRL 337 is reflected as left-hand circularly polarized light 382 .
- Light 382 encounters quarter-waveplate 338 and quarter-waveplate 338 converts light 382 into vertically oriented linearly polarized light 383 .
- Light 383 is passed by reflective polarizer 339 as light 384 since reflective polarizer 339 is configured to pass vertically oriented linearly polarized light and reflect horizontally oriented linearly polarized light.
- Vertically oriented linearly polarized light 384 may optionally be converted to circularly polarized light 385 by anti-narcissus layer 340 .
- Optical assembly 330 may provide an increased image brightness and corresponding power savings over prior optical assemblies with more than one effective focal length.
- First display light 352 propagating along optical path 350 does encounter a significant optical loss (e.g. 50%) both times it encounters CSPRL 333 and second display light 372 propagating along optical path 370 encounters significant optical loss (e.g. 50%) both times it encounters CSPRL 337 .
- optical paths in prior solutions encounter significant optical losses at more than two locations as the display light propagates in an optical assembly and therefore, optical assembly 330 may provide a significant optical efficiency advantage over prior optical assembly solutions.
- display pixel array 311 may not require a color filter layer, but instead have organic LEDs or micro LEDs in a display pixel array that are selected according to their emission bands such that first pixels of the display pixel array emit bands 411 , 412 , and 413 , while second pixels of the display pixel array emit bands 421 , 422 , and 423 .
- display pixel array 311 may include standard RGB color filters.
- the blue band includes both B1 and B2, the green band includes both G1 and G2, etc.
- pixel array 311 would be LCD pixels backlit with a backlight (not illustrated) which changes spectrum time sequentially.
- the backlight would illuminate the LCD pixels with a narrow RGB spectrum corresponding to 411 , 412 , and 413 .
- the backlight would illuminate the LCD with a narrow RGB spectrum corresponding to 421 , 422 , and 423 .
- the driving frequency may be between 140 Hz and 200 Hz, corresponding to individual spectrum frequencies between 70 Hz and 100 Hz, respectively. This allows utilization of every LCD pixel in every frame.
- display pixel array 311 may have no color filter.
- pixel array 311 would be LCD pixels backlit with a backlight (not illustrated) which changes spectrum time sequentially one color at a time. For example, in one frame the backlight would illuminate the LCD pixels with a first narrow blue spectrum corresponding to 411 . In the next frame, the backlight would illuminate the LCD with a second narrow blue spectrum 421 . In the third frame, the backlight would illuminate the LCD with a first narrow green spectrum corresponding to 412 . In the fourth frame, the backlight would illuminate the LCD with a second narrow green spectrum corresponding to 422 . In the fifth frame, the backlight would illuminate the LCD with a first narrow red spectrum corresponding to 413 .
- the backlight would illuminate the LCD with a second narrow red spectrum corresponding to 423 .
- the driving frequency may be between 360 Hz and 540 Hz, corresponding to individual color flicker between 60 Hz and 90 Hz, respectively. Since every subpixel can produce each color, this embodiment is capable of higher effective resolution.
- FIGS. 8 A- 8 C illustrate reflective optical elements disposed on curves that impart different optical power (and corresponding effective focal lengths) to the first and second light spectrums, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
- FIG. 8 A illustrates CSPRL 333 disposed on curved surface 844 and CSPRL 337 is disposed on a second curved surface 844 .
- Curved surface 844 may be supported by a refractive material (not illustrated) of optical element 801 and CSPRL 333 may be disposed on the curved surface.
- Example optical element 802 may include one or more refractive materials 804 to support curved surface 843 .
- Optical element 802 may also provide an additional curved surface 842 that imparts optical power to display light propagating along optical path 350 and optical path 370 .
- Display pixel array 311 , color filter array 331 , and circular polarizer 332 may be packaged as a display. The spacing of optical element 801 with respect to optical element 802 may vary the optical power of optical paths in optical assembly 830 .
- FIG. 8 B illustrates that CSPRL 333 disposed on curved surface 844 provides optical power in reflection for the first light spectrum of first display light, as shown by rays 845 .
- FIG. 8 C illustrates that the second CSPRL 337 disposed on curved surface 843 provides optical power in reflection for the second light spectrum of second display light, as shown by rays 847 .
- Rays 845 and 847 are shown as focusing display light in an eyebox area 890 for a user of an HMD.
- the effective focal length of optical assembly 830 may be a combination of the optical power provided by curved surface 844 and 842 (for the first light spectrum of first display light) or a combination of the optical power provided by curved surface 842 and 843 (for the second light spectrum of second display light).
- optical element 802 does not include a curved surface 842 .
- optical element 802 includes a Fresnel lens that imparts optical power.
- the effective focal length of optical assembly 830 illustrated in FIG. 8 B is approximately 50 mm.
- the effective focal length of optical assembly 830 illustrated in FIG. 8 C may be approximately 27 mm. Other effective focal lengths are also possible.
- Example optical assembly 830 provided a color-selective effective focal length since the effective focal length of the optical assembly 830 is dependent on the wavelength of light propagating through the optical assembly.
- FIG. 9 illustrates additional ray paths 945 and 947 which are the off-axis versions of ray paths 845 and 847 , respectively, that reach eyebox area 990 , in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
- Rays 945 correspond to the effective focal length illustrated by rays 845 and rays 947 correspond to the effective focal length illustrated by rays 847 .
- FIG. 10 illustrates an example display 1000 having first pixels emitting first display light and second pixels emitting second display light, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
- Example display 1000 is shaped as an octagon, but other display shapes (e.g. rectangular) may also be used.
- Example display 1000 includes a first illumination zone 1003 populated by first pixels that emit first display light having the first light spectrum.
- a second illumination zone 1007 of display 1000 is populated by first pixels emitting the first display light having the first light spectrum and populated by second pixels that emit second display light having the second light spectrum.
- the first illumination zone 1003 may be elliptical or circular, as illustrated in FIG. 10 .
- the second illumination zone 1007 surrounds the first illumination zone 1003 , in the illustrated embodiment.
- First illumination zone 1003 may be populated with 100% of the first pixels while second illumination zone 1007 may be populated with 50% of the first pixels and 50% of the second pixels.
- example display 1000 includes an optional transition illumination zone 1005 disposed between the first illumination zone 1003 and the second illumination zone 1007 .
- a density of the second pixels in the transition illumination zone 1005 may increase as a distance from a center 1004 of the first illumination zone 1003 increases.
- the density of second pixels at an inner edge 1014 of the transition illumination zone 1005 is 0% and the density of the second pixels at the outer edge 1016 of the transition illumination zone is 50%.
- the density of the second pixels in transition illumination zone 1005 may progressively increase from 0% to 50% to facilitate a graceful blending of images presented by the first pixels and the second pixels so that a combined image that includes images from the first display pixels and the second display pixels does not have a noticeable seam to a user of the HMD.
- FIG. 11 A illustrates an example first pixel 1110 (also referred to as “RGB1”) that includes first red-green-blue (RGB) subpixels.
- RGB1 1110 is an example first pixel that emits first display light having the first light spectrum.
- the first red subpixel is R1 1111
- the first green subpixel is G1 1112
- the first blue subpixel is B1 1113 .
- Subpixel R1 1111 may emit the first red band 411
- subpixel G1 1112 may emit the first green band 412
- subpixel B1 1113 may emit the first blue band 413 .
- RGB1 1110 may include liquid crystal subpixels with color filters (e.g. 401 , 402 , and 403 ) disposed over each liquid crystal subpixel.
- FIG. 11 B illustrates an example second pixel 1120 (also referred to as “RGB2”) that includes second red-green-blue (RGB) subpixels.
- RGB2 1120 is an example second pixel that emits second display light having the second light spectrum.
- the second red subpixel is R2 1121
- the second green subpixel is G2 1122
- the second blue subpixel is B2 1123 .
- Subpixel R2 1121 may emit the second red band 421
- subpixel G2 1122 may emit the second green band 422
- subpixel B2 1123 may emit the second blue band 423 .
- RGB2 1120 may include liquid crystal subpixels with color filters (e.g. 404 , 405 , and 406 ) disposed over each liquid crystal subpixel.
- FIG. 11 C illustrates an example checkboard pattern arrangement 1150 of first pixel RGB1 and second pixel RGB2.
- second illumination zone 1007 includes approximately 50% of the first pixel and 50% of the second pixels, they may be arranged at least partially in a checkerboard pattern such as in checkerboard pattern arrangement 1150 to cover the illumination zone 1007 .
- FIGS. 12 A- 12 B illustrates example fields of view that correspond with effective focal lengths of an optical assembly, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
- field of view (FOV) 1247 corresponds with the effective focal length of rays 847 / 947 .
- FOV 1247 may be approximately 100° and correspond with the shorter effective focal length of optical assembly 830 .
- field of view (FOV) 1245 corresponds with the effective focal length of rays 845 / 945 .
- FOV 1245 may be approximately 50° and correspond with the longer effective focal length of optical assembly 830 .
- the illustrated FOV 1245 corresponds to a configuration where the display providing the first and second display light is shaped as an octagon, although other display shapes (including rectangular) may also be used in accordance with embodiments of this disclosure.
- the edges of FOV 1245 are display-limited. In other embodiments, vignetting outside a clear aperture of other optical surfaces may make FOV 1245 “lens-limited” and FOV 1245 may have an elliptical shape.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an example FOV 1300 that includes image regions that are illuminated by the first pixel and the second pixels of the display, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
- first image region 1310 When an image is presented to a user using optical assembly 830 paired with display 1000 , first image region 1310 will be illuminated by first display light generated by the first pixels (e.g. a plurality of RGB1 1110 ) that are disposed in the first illumination zone 1003 .
- First image region 1310 may occupy approximately 25 degrees of FOV 1300 .
- Second image region 1320 will be illuminated by first display light from the first pixels that are disposed in second illumination zone 1007 .
- the outside boundary of second image region 1320 may extend to approximately 50 degrees, in some embodiments.
- Third image region 1330 will be illuminated by the second display light generated by the second pixels (e.g. a plurality of RGB2 1120 ) disposed in the second illumination zone 1007 but not by the first pixel disposed in the second illumination zone 1007 because the narrower FOV corresponding to the longer effective focal length for the first display light does not extend into image region 1330 while the wider FOV corresponding to the shorter effective focal length for the second display light does extend into image region 1330 . Consequently, an RGB1 1110 pixel that is adjacent to an RGB2 1120 pixel on display 1000 may illuminate the outer boundary of image region 1320 while the adjacent RGB2 1120 pixel may illuminate the outer boundary of image region 1330 .
- the outside boundary of third image region 1330 may extend to approximately 100 degrees FOV, in some embodiments.
- the first and second pixels disposed in transition illumination zone 1005 may contribute first and second display light to gracefully blend image regions 1320 and 1330 .
- Image region 1310 may be of very high resolution since it is illuminated by first illumination zone 1003 being populated 100% (or near 100%) of the first pixels and these pixels are viewed with the longer focal length (e.g. 50 mm) corresponding to rays 845 / 945 . Since HMD users spend a high percentage of time gazing at a center of a FOV, having image region 1310 being high resolution is advantageous. Second image region 1320 may provide a lower resolution than image region 1310 since the density of RGB1 1110 pixel may be 50% in second illumination zone 1007 . These pixels are also viewed with the longer focal length, but the angular resolution may degrade by a factor of two compared to image region 1310 due to the lower pixel density.
- the longer focal length e.g. 50 mm
- Third image region 1330 is driven by RGB2 pixels at 50% density in illumination zone 1007 . They are viewed with the shorter focal length (e.g. 25 mm) corresponding to rays 847 / 947 . Angular resolution is therefore degraded another factor of two compared to 1320 , or a factor of four compared to 1310 .
- focal lengths 50 mm corresponding to rays 845 / 945
- 25 mm corresponding to rays 847 / 947 .
- the resolution in image region 1310 is 1arcmin (the angle subtended by 14.5 um over 50 mm).
- the resolution in image region 1320 is approximately 2arcmin, since the effective white pixel pitch for RGB1 increases to 29 um in illumination zone 1007 .
- the resolution in image region 1330 is approximately 4arcmin (the angle subtended by 29 um over 25 mm). This degradation of resolution away from the optical axis tends to concentrate information to the center of the field, where the user’s fovea is most likely to remain for most tasks.
- Embodiments of the invention may include or be implemented in conjunction with an artificial reality system.
- Artificial reality is a form of reality that has been adjusted in some manner before presentation to a user, which may include, e.g., a virtual reality (VR), an augmented reality (AR), a mixed reality (MR), a hybrid reality, or some combination and/or derivatives thereof.
- Artificial reality content may include completely generated content or generated content combined with captured (e.g., real-world) content.
- the artificial reality content may include video, audio, haptic feedback, or some combination thereof, and any of which may be presented in a single channel or in multiple channels (such as stereo video that produces a three-dimensional effect to the viewer).
- artificial reality may also be associated with applications, products, accessories, services, or some combination thereof, that are used to, e.g., create content in an artificial reality and/or are otherwise used in (e.g., perform activities in) an artificial reality.
- the artificial reality system that provides the artificial reality content may be implemented on various platforms, including a head-mounted display (HMD) connected to a host computer system, a standalone HMD, a mobile device or computing system, or any other hardware platform capable of providing artificial reality content to one or more viewers.
- HMD head-mounted display
- processing logic in this disclosure may include one or more processors, microprocessors, multi-core processors, Application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), and/or Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to execute operations disclosed herein.
- memories are integrated into the processing logic to store instructions to execute operations and/or store data.
- Processing logic may also include analog or digital circuitry to perform the operations in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
- a “memory” or “memories” described in this disclosure may include one or more volatile or non-volatile memory architectures.
- the “memory” or “memories” may be removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data.
- Example memory technologies may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD), high-definition multimedia/data storage disks, or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information for access by a computing device.
- a computing device may include a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet, a phablet, a smartphone, a feature phone, a server computer, or otherwise.
- a server computer may be located remotely in a data center or be stored locally.
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Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to U.S. Non-Provisional Application No. 16/203,436 filed Nov. 28, 2018, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
- This disclosure relates generally to optics, and in particular to optical assemblies.
- High quality optical assemblies that may include a combination of lenses, filters, and/or polarizers are used extensively in both commercial and consumer products. An optical assembly may be utilized to focus images from a display for a user of a head mounted display (HMD) in the context of Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and/or Mixed Reality (MR). When a device that utilizes an optical assembly is powered by a battery, the optical efficiency of the optical assembly may be an important design consideration. In these and other contexts, it may also be desirable to provide high-resolution images with a wide field of view (FOV).
- Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the following figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various views unless otherwise specified.
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FIG. 1 illustrates an example head mounted display (HMD) that may include a display and an optical assembly with a color-selective effective focal length, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a cut away view of an HMD that includes a display and an optical assembly configured to direct display light to an eyebox area, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. -
FIG. 3 illustrates an example optical assembly and different optical paths taken by first display light and second display light, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. -
FIG. 4 illustrates a chart of example color bands that may be transmitted by example color filters, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. -
FIG. 5 illustrates an example chart illustrating an example transmission profile of a color-selective partially reflective layer, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. -
FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate charts of example transmission/reflection profiles of a color-selective reflective polarizer for different polarization orientations, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. -
FIG. 7 illustrates a chart including a transmission/reflection profile of a second color-selective partially reflective layer, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. -
FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate reflective optical elements disposed on curved surfaces that impart different optical power (and corresponding effective focal lengths) to the first and second light spectrums, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. -
FIG. 9 illustrates additional ray paths which are the off-axis versions of ray paths illustrated inFIGS. 8B-8C , in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. -
FIG. 10 illustrates an example display having first pixels emitting first display light and second pixels emitting second display light, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. -
FIGS. 11A-11C illustrate example first and second pixels having red-green-blue (RGB) subpixels and an example arrangement of the first and second pixels, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. -
FIGS. 12A-12B illustrate example field of views corresponding to different effective focal lengths of an optical assembly, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. -
FIG. 13 illustrates an example Field of View (FOV) that includes image regions that are illuminated by the first pixels and the second pixels of the display, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. - Embodiments of a display and an optical assembly with a color-selective effective focal length are described herein. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the techniques described herein can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring certain aspects.
- Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
- Embodiments of the disclosure include a display and optical assembly with a color-selective effective focal length. The disclosed display and optical assembly may be used in a head mounted display (HMD) to provide an increased Field of View (FOV) and present high resolution inset images to a user of the HMD. The color-selective characteristics of the optical assembly may provide increased optical efficiency and therefore require less electrical power for the display.
- To facilitate the color-selective effective focal length of the optical assembly, a display may include first pixels emitting first display light having a first light spectrum and second pixels emitting second display light having a second light spectrum. The first pixels may include first red-green-blue subpixels that emit first red band light, first green band light, and first blue band light, respectively. The second pixels may include second red-green-blue subpixels that emit second red band light, second green band light, and second blue band light, respectively. The light bands of the first pixels are different than the second pixels so that the first light spectrum and the second light spectrum “see” different optical elements of the optical assembly to provide the differing effective focal lengths.
- At least some optical elements of the optical assembly are color-selective to either the first light spectrum or the second light spectrum. For example, the optical assembly may include a color-selective reflective polarizer (CSRP) configured to reflect the first light spectrum (including the first red-green-blue bands) in a particular polarization orientation but not reflect the second light spectrum. Additionally, one or more color-selective partially reflective layers (CSPRL) may be configured to selectively reflect either the first light spectrum or the second light spectrum. The one or more CSPRLs may be disposed on a curvature to selectively impart optical power (in reflection) to either the first light spectrum or the second light spectrum and thereby give the first light spectrum a first effective focal length and give the second light spectrum a second effective focal length. These and other embodiments are described below with respect to
FIGS. 1-13 . -
FIG. 1 illustrates an example head mounted display (HMD) 100 that may include a display and an optical assembly with a color-selective effective focal length, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. Example head mounted display (HMD) 100 includes atop structure 141, arear securing structure 143, and aside structure 142 attached with aviewing structure 140 having a frontrigid body 144. The illustrated HMD 100 is configured to be worn on a head of a user of the HMD. In one embodiment,top structure 141 includes a fabric strap that may include elastic.Side structure 142 andrear securing structure 143 may include a fabric as well as rigid structures (e.g. plastics) for securing the HMD to the head of the user. HMD 100 may optionally include earpiece(s) 120 configured to deliver audio to the ear(s) of a wearer of HMD 100. - In the illustrated embodiment,
viewing structure 140 includes aninterface membrane 118 for contacting a face of a wearer ofHMD 100.Interface membrane 118 may function to block out some or all ambient light from reaching the eyes of the wearer ofHMD 100. - Example HMD 100 also includes a chassis for supporting hardware of the
viewing structure 140 of HMD 100. Hardware ofviewing structure 140 may include any of processing logic, wired and/or wireless data interface for sending and receiving data, graphic processors, and one or more memories for storing data and computer-executable instructions. In one embodiment,viewing structure 140 may be configured to receive wired power. In one embodiment,viewing structure 140 is configured to be powered by one or more batteries. In one embodiment,viewing structure 140 may be configured to receive wired data including video data. In one embodiment,viewing structure 140 is configured to receive wireless data including video data. -
Viewing structure 140 may include a display for directing image light to a wearer of HMD 100. The display may include an LCD, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, or micro-LED display for directing image light to a wearer of HMD 100. In some embodiments, an eye-tracking camera may be included inviewing structure 140 and positioned to capture image(s) of an eye of a user ofHMD 100. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a cut away view of an HMD that includes adisplay 210 and anoptical assembly 230 configured to direct display light 211 to an eyebox area, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.Optical assembly 230 is positioned to receive thedisplay light 211 and direct thedisplay light 211 to eye 202 asimage light 213.Optical assembly 230 may be configured to alloweye 202 of a wearer ofHMD 100 to focus on a virtual image displayed bydisplay 210. AlthoughFIG. 2 only illustrates oneeye 202, an HMD may have a display 210 (or a portion of a shared display) and anoptical assembly 230 for each eye of the user of the HMD. - As described briefly above, the
display 210 may include a display pixel array having first pixels emitting first display light having a first light spectrum and second pixels emitting second display light having a second light spectrum. In one embodiment, the first pixels may include first red-green-blue (RGB) subpixels that emit first red band light, first green band light, and first blue band light, respectively.FIG. 11A illustrates anRGB1 1110 pixel that includes ared subpixel R1 1111, agreen subpixel G1 1112, and ablue subpixel B1 1113, for example. The second pixels may include second RGB subpixels that emit second red band light, second green band light, and second blue band light, respectively.FIG. 11B illustrates anRGB2 1120 pixel that includes ared subpixel R2 1121, agreen subpixel G2 1122, and ablue subpixel B2 1123, for example. The first red band light is different than the second red band light, the first green band light is different than the second green band light, and the first blue band light is different than the second blue band light, in this embodiment. -
FIG. 3 illustrates an exampleoptical assembly 330 and the different optical paths taken by the first display light and the second display light, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. The optical elements included in exampleoptical assembly 330 include acolor filter array 331, acircular polarizer 332, a color-selective partiallyreflective layer 333, a quarter-waveplate 334, a color-selectivereflective polarizer 335, a quarter-waveplate 336, a color-selective partiallyreflective layer 337, a quarter-waveplate 338, areflective polarizer 339, and an optionalanti-narcissus layer 340.Display 210 may includedisplay pixel array 311,color filter array 331, andcircular polarizer 332, in some embodiments. - In operation,
display pixel array 311 emitsdisplay light 351 for presenting one or more images to a viewer.Display light 351 is emitted bydisplay pixel array 311 and encounters colorfilter array layer 331 which generatesfirst display light 352 having a first light spectrum andsecond display light 372 having a second light spectrum different than the first light spectrum.Color filter array 331 may be a two-dimensional layer having color filters disposed over each pixel or subpixel ofdisplay pixel array 311.Optical path 350 represents the optical path of the first light spectrum offirst display light 352 throughoptical assembly 330 andoptical path 370 represents the optical path of the second light spectrum ofsecond display light 372 throughoptical assembly 330.Optical path 350 corresponds with a first effective focal length of theoptical assembly 330 andoptical path 370 corresponds with a second effective focal length ofoptical assembly 330. -
FIG. 4 illustrates achart 499 of example color bands that may be transmitted by example color filters, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. In some embodiments,color filter array 331 may include six different color filters that includes a firstred color filter 401 passing firstred band 411, a firstgreen color filter 402 passing firstgreen band 412, a firstblue color filter 403 passing firstblue band 413, a secondred color filter 404 passing secondred band 421, a secondgreen color filter 405 passing secondgreen band 422, and a secondblue color filter 406 passing secondblue band 423. Each color filter may pass a relatively narrow band (e.g. 10 nm) of display light and reject other visible wavelengths when illuminated by white light, for example.FIG. 4 illustrates that each color filter transmits a very high percentage (e.g. approaching 100%) of the light within the transmission band of the particular color filter and rejects (blocks) wavelengths outside the transmission band. Although the transmission bands are illustrated as beside each other, there may be significant spacing between the blue and green bands and the green and red bands, for example. InFIG. 4 , the solid line illustrates example bands from an example RGB1 pixel such asRGB1 1110 inFIG. 11A and the dashed line illustrates example bands from an example RGB2 pixel such asRGB2 1120 inFIG. 11B . - Referring back to
FIG. 3 , display light 351 propagating alongoptical path 350 encounterscolor filter array 331 which generatesfirst display light 352 having a first light spectrum. The first light spectrum may includebands display pixel array 311. First display light 352 encounterscircular polarizer 332 andcircular polarizer 332 passes thefirst display light 352 as right-hand circularly polarizedlight 353, in the illustrated embodiment. Right-hand circularly polarized light 353 encounters color-selective partially reflective layer (CSPRL) 333. A percentage oflight 353 is either blocked or reflected by CSPRL (not illustrated) and the remaining percentage continues propagating alongoptical path 350 as light 354, still retaining its right-hand circularly polarized orientation. -
FIG. 5 illustrates anexample chart 599 illustrating an example transmission profile ofCSPRL 333, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.FIG. 5 shows that theCSPRL 333 transmits a percentage (e.g. 50%) of the first light spectrum. In the particular example illustrated inexample chart 599,CSPRL 333 transmits approximately 50% of the firstred band 411, approximately 50% of the firstgreen band 412, and approximately 50% of the firstblue band 413. Notably, the notches in the filter ofCSPRL 333 are aligned with thebands second display light 372 having the second light spectrum (e.g.bands CSPRL 333.CSPRL 333 may include a multi-layer dielectric film to achieve thetransmission signature 510 illustrated inFIG. 5 . - Returning to
FIG. 3 , the percentage of light 353 that is passed byCSPRL 333 continues as right-hand circularly polarizedlight 354 and encounters quarter-waveplate 334. Quarter-waveplate 334 is configured to convert incident right-hand circularly polarized light 354 into linearlypolarized light 355. In the illustrated embodiment, quarter-waveplate 334 is oriented with its fast axis at 135° such that the outputted linearlypolarized light 355 is vertically oriented. Linearlypolarized light 355 encounters color-selective reflective polarizer (CSRP) 335 and is reflected as linearlypolarized light 356. In the illustrated embodiment,CSRP 335 is configured to reflect the first light spectrum of the first display light when the first display light is oriented in a first linear polarization orientation (e.g. vertically oriented linearly polarized light) and pass the first display light when the first display light is oriented in a second linear polarization orientation (e.g. horizontally oriented linearly polarized light) that is orthogonal to the first linear polarization orientation.CSRP 335 is also configured to pass the second light spectrum of the second display light when the second display light is in the first linear polarization orientation and the second linear polarization orientation. -
FIG. 6A illustrates achart 649 of an example transmission/reflection profile 610 ofCSRP 335 for a first polarization orientation (e.g. vertically oriented linearly polarized light) andFIG. 6B illustrates achart 699 of an example transmission/reflection profile 660 of CSRP for a second polarization orientation (e.g. horizontally linearly polarized light) that is orthogonal to the first polarization orientation. InFIG. 6A , the solid line illustrates a transmission/reflection profile 610 where the firstred band 411, the firstgreen band 412, and the firstblue band 413 are reflected byCSRP 335 when they have the first linear polarization orientation. The second light spectrum (e.g.bands FIG. 6A is not aligned with the reflecting notches ofprofile 610 and the second light spectrum is passed byCSRP 335 when the second light spectrum has the first linear polarization orientation. - In
FIG. 6B , chart 699 includes a transmission/reflection profile 660 showing that both the first light spectrum (illustrated asbands CSRP 335 when the light is oriented in the second linear polarization orientation. A color-selective reflective polarizer such asCSRP 335 may be a birefringent film fabricated by the 3M Company of Maplewood, Minnesota, for example. - Referring again to
FIG. 3 , light 355 is reflected byCSRP 335 as vertically oriented linearlypolarized light 356 sinceCSRP 335 is configured to reflect the first light spectrum of first display light when the first display light is vertically oriented linearly polarized light.Light 356 encounters quarter-waveplate 334 and is converted to right-hand circularly polarizedlight 357. A percentage (e.g. 50%) oflight 357 is either absorbed or transmitted by CSPRL 333 (not illustrated) while the remaining percentage is reflected byCSPRL 333 sincelight 357 is in the first light spectrum and therefore partially reflected byCSPRL 333. The reflected percentage oflight 357 is reflected byCSPRL 333 as left-hand circularly polarizedlight 358. Quarter-waveplate 334 receives light 358 and converts it to linearlypolarized light 359, illustrated as horizontally-polarized in the illustrated example ofFIG. 3 . SinceCSRP 335 is configured to pass the first light spectrum of the first display light when oriented in the second linear polarization orientation (e.g. horizontally polarized light in the example ofFIG. 3 ), light 359 passes throughCSRP 335 as horizontally oriented linearlypolarized light 360. - Horizontally oriented linearly polarized light 360 encounters quarter-
waveplate 336 and quarter-waveplate 336 converts light 360 to left-hand circularly polarizedlight 361, inFIG. 3 . Propagating alongoptical path 350, light 361 encounters a second color selective partially reflective layer (CSPRL 337). -
FIG. 7 illustrates achart 799 including a transmission/reflection profile 710 showing that the first light spectrum of first display light (e.g.bands second CSPRL 337 and the second light spectrum (e.g.bands FIG. 7 ) is partially reflected. InFIG. 7 , approximately 50% of the second light spectrum is reflected byCSPRL 337 while the remaining percentage is transmitted. - Since
second CSPRL 337 passes the first light spectrum, light 361 passes throughCSPRL 337 with very little (if any) loss as left-hand circularly polarizedlight 362. Left-hand circularly polarizedlight 362 is converted to vertically oriented linearlypolarized light 363 by quarter-waveplate 338 and passes throughreflective polarizer 339 sincereflective polarizer 339 is configured to pass vertically oriented linearly polarized light and reflect horizontally oriented linearly polarized light, inFIG. 3 . Vertically oriented linearly polarized light 364 may optionally be converted to circularlypolarized light 365 byanti-narcissus layer 340. By including the optionalanti-narcissus layer 340, an HMD user is less likely to see reflections of her own eye from light 365 reflecting off the eye of the user and again reflecting off one or more of the layers illustrated inFIG. 3 sinceanti-narcissus layer 340 may include a polarizer that absorbs horizontally linearly polarized light. - Turning now to
optical path 370 ofFIG. 3 ,display 310 emits display light 371 that encounterscolor filter array 331.Color filter array 331 generatessecond display light 372 having a second light spectrum. The second display light having the second light spectrum may be generated by second pixels that are overlaid by color filters in thecolor filter array 331 that transmit the second light spectrum. The second light spectrum may includebands display pixel array 311. Second display light 372 encounterscircular polarizer 332 andcircular polarizer 332 passes thesecond display light 372 as right-hand circularly polarizedlight 373, in the illustrated embodiment. Right-hand circularly polarized light 373encounters CSPRL 333. SinceCSPRL 333 is configured to transmit the second light spectrum, light 373 is transmitted byCSPRL 333 as light 374, still retaining its right-hand circularly polarized orientation.Light 374 encounters quarter-waveplate 334 and quarter-waveplate 334 converts incident right-hand circularly polarized light 374 into vertically oriented linearlypolarized light 375. SinceCSRP 335 is configured to transmit light that is vertically oriented linearly polarized light (and any light in the second light spectrum regardless of its polarization orientation), light 375 is transmitted byCSRP 335 as light 376, retaining its vertically oriented linearly polarization orientation. Quarter-waveplate 336 receives light 376 and converts it to right-hand circularly polarizedlight 377. - A percentage of light 377 that encounters
second CSPRL 337 is reflected (not illustrated) and lost sinceCSPRL 337 is configured to reflect a percentage of the second light spectrum. A remaining percentage of light 377 that is not reflected byCSPRL 337 is transmitted byCSPRL 337 aslight 378. Right-hand circularly polarizedlight 378 is converted to horizontally oriented linearlypolarized light 379 by quarter-waveplate 338 and reflected byreflective polarizer 339 as light 380 sincereflective polarizer 339 is configured to reflect horizontally oriented linearly polarized light (and pass vertically oriented linearly polarized light).Light 380 is converted to right-hand circularly polarizedlight 381 by quarter-waveplate 338. A percentage of light 381 that encounterssecond CSPRL 337 is transmitted (not illustrated) byCSPRL 337 while a remaining percentage is reflected sinceCSPRL 337 is configured to reflect a percentage of the second light spectrum. The reflected percentage of light 381 that is reflected byCSPRL 337 is reflected as left-hand circularly polarizedlight 382. -
Light 382 encounters quarter-waveplate 338 and quarter-waveplate 338 converts light 382 into vertically oriented linearlypolarized light 383.Light 383 is passed byreflective polarizer 339 as light 384 sincereflective polarizer 339 is configured to pass vertically oriented linearly polarized light and reflect horizontally oriented linearly polarized light. Vertically oriented linearlypolarized light 384 may optionally be converted to circularlypolarized light 385 byanti-narcissus layer 340. -
Optical assembly 330 may provide an increased image brightness and corresponding power savings over prior optical assemblies with more than one effective focal length.First display light 352 propagating alongoptical path 350 does encounter a significant optical loss (e.g. 50%) both times it encountersCSPRL 333 andsecond display light 372 propagating alongoptical path 370 encounters significant optical loss (e.g. 50%) both times it encountersCSPRL 337. However, optical paths in prior solutions encounter significant optical losses at more than two locations as the display light propagates in an optical assembly and therefore,optical assembly 330 may provide a significant optical efficiency advantage over prior optical assembly solutions. - While
FIG. 3 is discussed as including a colorfilter array layer 331, in some embodiments,display pixel array 311 may not require a color filter layer, but instead have organic LEDs or micro LEDs in a display pixel array that are selected according to their emission bands such that first pixels of the display pixel array emitbands bands - In another embodiment,
display pixel array 311 may include standard RGB color filters. For example, the blue band includes both B1 and B2, the green band includes both G1 and G2, etc. In such an embodiment,pixel array 311 would be LCD pixels backlit with a backlight (not illustrated) which changes spectrum time sequentially. For example, in one frame the backlight would illuminate the LCD pixels with a narrow RGB spectrum corresponding to 411, 412, and 413. In the next frame, the backlight would illuminate the LCD with a narrow RGB spectrum corresponding to 421, 422, and 423. By driving at a sufficiently high frequency, human persistence of vision blends the two images together without perceiving flicker. The driving frequency may be between 140 Hz and 200 Hz, corresponding to individual spectrum frequencies between 70 Hz and 100 Hz, respectively. This allows utilization of every LCD pixel in every frame. - In yet another embodiment,
display pixel array 311 may have no color filter. In such an embodiment,pixel array 311 would be LCD pixels backlit with a backlight (not illustrated) which changes spectrum time sequentially one color at a time. For example, in one frame the backlight would illuminate the LCD pixels with a first narrow blue spectrum corresponding to 411. In the next frame, the backlight would illuminate the LCD with a second narrowblue spectrum 421. In the third frame, the backlight would illuminate the LCD with a first narrow green spectrum corresponding to 412. In the fourth frame, the backlight would illuminate the LCD with a second narrow green spectrum corresponding to 422. In the fifth frame, the backlight would illuminate the LCD with a first narrow red spectrum corresponding to 413. In the sixth frame, the backlight would illuminate the LCD with a second narrow red spectrum corresponding to 423. By driving at a sufficiently high frequency, human persistence of vision blends the six color images together without perceiving flicker. The driving frequency may be between 360 Hz and 540 Hz, corresponding to individual color flicker between 60 Hz and 90 Hz, respectively. Since every subpixel can produce each color, this embodiment is capable of higher effective resolution. -
FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate reflective optical elements disposed on curves that impart different optical power (and corresponding effective focal lengths) to the first and second light spectrums, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. -
FIG. 8A illustratesCSPRL 333 disposed oncurved surface 844 andCSPRL 337 is disposed on a secondcurved surface 844.Curved surface 844 may be supported by a refractive material (not illustrated) ofoptical element 801 andCSPRL 333 may be disposed on the curved surface. Exampleoptical element 802 may include one or morerefractive materials 804 to supportcurved surface 843.Optical element 802 may also provide an additionalcurved surface 842 that imparts optical power to display light propagating alongoptical path 350 andoptical path 370.Display pixel array 311,color filter array 331, andcircular polarizer 332 may be packaged as a display. The spacing ofoptical element 801 with respect tooptical element 802 may vary the optical power of optical paths inoptical assembly 830. -
FIG. 8B illustrates thatCSPRL 333 disposed oncurved surface 844 provides optical power in reflection for the first light spectrum of first display light, as shown byrays 845.FIG. 8C illustrates that thesecond CSPRL 337 disposed oncurved surface 843 provides optical power in reflection for the second light spectrum of second display light, as shown byrays 847.Rays eyebox area 890 for a user of an HMD. - The effective focal length of
optical assembly 830 may be a combination of the optical power provided bycurved surface 844 and 842 (for the first light spectrum of first display light) or a combination of the optical power provided bycurved surface 842 and 843 (for the second light spectrum of second display light). In some embodiments,optical element 802 does not include acurved surface 842. In some embodiment,optical element 802 includes a Fresnel lens that imparts optical power. In an embodiment, the effective focal length ofoptical assembly 830 illustrated inFIG. 8B is approximately 50 mm. The effective focal length ofoptical assembly 830 illustrated inFIG. 8C may be approximately 27 mm. Other effective focal lengths are also possible. Exampleoptical assembly 830 provided a color-selective effective focal length since the effective focal length of theoptical assembly 830 is dependent on the wavelength of light propagating through the optical assembly. -
FIG. 9 illustratesadditional ray paths ray paths reach eyebox area 990, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.Rays 945 correspond to the effective focal length illustrated byrays 845 andrays 947 correspond to the effective focal length illustrated byrays 847. -
FIG. 10 illustrates anexample display 1000 having first pixels emitting first display light and second pixels emitting second display light, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.Example display 1000 is shaped as an octagon, but other display shapes (e.g. rectangular) may also be used.Example display 1000 includes afirst illumination zone 1003 populated by first pixels that emit first display light having the first light spectrum. Asecond illumination zone 1007 ofdisplay 1000 is populated by first pixels emitting the first display light having the first light spectrum and populated by second pixels that emit second display light having the second light spectrum. Thefirst illumination zone 1003 may be elliptical or circular, as illustrated inFIG. 10 . Thesecond illumination zone 1007 surrounds thefirst illumination zone 1003, in the illustrated embodiment.First illumination zone 1003 may be populated with 100% of the first pixels whilesecond illumination zone 1007 may be populated with 50% of the first pixels and 50% of the second pixels. - In the illustrated embodiment of
FIG. 10 ,example display 1000 includes an optionaltransition illumination zone 1005 disposed between thefirst illumination zone 1003 and thesecond illumination zone 1007. A density of the second pixels in thetransition illumination zone 1005 may increase as a distance from acenter 1004 of thefirst illumination zone 1003 increases. In one embodiment, the density of second pixels at aninner edge 1014 of thetransition illumination zone 1005 is 0% and the density of the second pixels at theouter edge 1016 of the transition illumination zone is 50%. The density of the second pixels intransition illumination zone 1005 may progressively increase from 0% to 50% to facilitate a graceful blending of images presented by the first pixels and the second pixels so that a combined image that includes images from the first display pixels and the second display pixels does not have a noticeable seam to a user of the HMD. -
FIG. 11A illustrates an example first pixel 1110 (also referred to as “RGB1”) that includes first red-green-blue (RGB) subpixels.RGB1 1110 is an example first pixel that emits first display light having the first light spectrum. The first red subpixel isR1 1111, the first green subpixel isG1 1112, and the first blue subpixel isB1 1113.Subpixel R1 1111 may emit the firstred band 411,subpixel G1 1112 may emit the firstgreen band 412, andsubpixel B1 1113 may emit the firstblue band 413. In some embodiments,RGB1 1110 may include liquid crystal subpixels with color filters (e.g. 401, 402, and 403) disposed over each liquid crystal subpixel. -
FIG. 11B illustrates an example second pixel 1120 (also referred to as “RGB2”) that includes second red-green-blue (RGB) subpixels.RGB2 1120 is an example second pixel that emits second display light having the second light spectrum. The second red subpixel isR2 1121, the second green subpixel isG2 1122, and the second blue subpixel isB2 1123.Subpixel R2 1121 may emit the secondred band 421,subpixel G2 1122 may emit the secondgreen band 422, andsubpixel B2 1123 may emit the secondblue band 423. In some embodiments,RGB2 1120 may include liquid crystal subpixels with color filters (e.g. 404, 405, and 406) disposed over each liquid crystal subpixel. -
FIG. 11C illustrates an examplecheckboard pattern arrangement 1150 of first pixel RGB1 and second pixel RGB2. Whensecond illumination zone 1007 includes approximately 50% of the first pixel and 50% of the second pixels, they may be arranged at least partially in a checkerboard pattern such as incheckerboard pattern arrangement 1150 to cover theillumination zone 1007. -
FIGS. 12A-12B illustrates example fields of view that correspond with effective focal lengths of an optical assembly, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. InFIG. 12A , field of view (FOV) 1247 corresponds with the effective focal length ofrays 847/947.FOV 1247 may be approximately 100° and correspond with the shorter effective focal length ofoptical assembly 830. InFIG. 12B , field of view (FOV) 1245 corresponds with the effective focal length ofrays 845/945.FOV 1245 may be approximately 50° and correspond with the longer effective focal length ofoptical assembly 830. The illustratedFOV 1245 corresponds to a configuration where the display providing the first and second display light is shaped as an octagon, although other display shapes (including rectangular) may also be used in accordance with embodiments of this disclosure. In this illustration, the edges ofFOV 1245 are display-limited. In other embodiments, vignetting outside a clear aperture of other optical surfaces may makeFOV 1245 “lens-limited” andFOV 1245 may have an elliptical shape. -
FIG. 13 illustrates anexample FOV 1300 that includes image regions that are illuminated by the first pixel and the second pixels of the display, in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure. When an image is presented to a user usingoptical assembly 830 paired withdisplay 1000,first image region 1310 will be illuminated by first display light generated by the first pixels (e.g. a plurality of RGB1 1110) that are disposed in thefirst illumination zone 1003.First image region 1310 may occupy approximately 25 degrees ofFOV 1300.Second image region 1320 will be illuminated by first display light from the first pixels that are disposed insecond illumination zone 1007. The outside boundary ofsecond image region 1320 may extend to approximately 50 degrees, in some embodiments. -
Third image region 1330 will be illuminated by the second display light generated by the second pixels (e.g. a plurality of RGB2 1120) disposed in thesecond illumination zone 1007 but not by the first pixel disposed in thesecond illumination zone 1007 because the narrower FOV corresponding to the longer effective focal length for the first display light does not extend intoimage region 1330 while the wider FOV corresponding to the shorter effective focal length for the second display light does extend intoimage region 1330. Consequently, anRGB1 1110 pixel that is adjacent to anRGB2 1120 pixel ondisplay 1000 may illuminate the outer boundary ofimage region 1320 while theadjacent RGB2 1120 pixel may illuminate the outer boundary ofimage region 1330. The outside boundary ofthird image region 1330 may extend to approximately 100 degrees FOV, in some embodiments. Although not specifically illustrated inFIG. 13 , the first and second pixels disposed intransition illumination zone 1005 may contribute first and second display light to gracefully blendimage regions -
Image region 1310 may be of very high resolution since it is illuminated byfirst illumination zone 1003 being populated 100% (or near 100%) of the first pixels and these pixels are viewed with the longer focal length (e.g. 50 mm) corresponding torays 845/945. Since HMD users spend a high percentage of time gazing at a center of a FOV, havingimage region 1310 being high resolution is advantageous.Second image region 1320 may provide a lower resolution thanimage region 1310 since the density ofRGB1 1110 pixel may be 50% insecond illumination zone 1007. These pixels are also viewed with the longer focal length, but the angular resolution may degrade by a factor of two compared toimage region 1310 due to the lower pixel density.Third image region 1330 is driven by RGB2 pixels at 50% density inillumination zone 1007. They are viewed with the shorter focal length (e.g. 25 mm) corresponding torays 847/947. Angular resolution is therefore degraded another factor of two compared to 1320, or a factor of four compared to 1310. To illustrate, consideroptical design 830 with focal lengths 50 mm (corresponding torays 845/945) and 25 mm (corresponding torays 847/947). Let us call a single group of RGB subpixels a ‘white’ pixels. Let the white pixel pitch ondisplay 311 be 14.5 um. Then the resolution inimage region 1310 is 1arcmin (the angle subtended by 14.5 um over 50 mm). The resolution inimage region 1320 is approximately 2arcmin, since the effective white pixel pitch for RGB1 increases to 29 um inillumination zone 1007. Then the resolution inimage region 1330 is approximately 4arcmin (the angle subtended by 29 um over 25 mm). This degradation of resolution away from the optical axis tends to concentrate information to the center of the field, where the user’s fovea is most likely to remain for most tasks. - Embodiments of the invention may include or be implemented in conjunction with an artificial reality system. Artificial reality is a form of reality that has been adjusted in some manner before presentation to a user, which may include, e.g., a virtual reality (VR), an augmented reality (AR), a mixed reality (MR), a hybrid reality, or some combination and/or derivatives thereof. Artificial reality content may include completely generated content or generated content combined with captured (e.g., real-world) content. The artificial reality content may include video, audio, haptic feedback, or some combination thereof, and any of which may be presented in a single channel or in multiple channels (such as stereo video that produces a three-dimensional effect to the viewer). Additionally, in some embodiments, artificial reality may also be associated with applications, products, accessories, services, or some combination thereof, that are used to, e.g., create content in an artificial reality and/or are otherwise used in (e.g., perform activities in) an artificial reality. The artificial reality system that provides the artificial reality content may be implemented on various platforms, including a head-mounted display (HMD) connected to a host computer system, a standalone HMD, a mobile device or computing system, or any other hardware platform capable of providing artificial reality content to one or more viewers.
- The term “processing logic” in this disclosure may include one or more processors, microprocessors, multi-core processors, Application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), and/or Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to execute operations disclosed herein. In some embodiments, memories (not illustrated) are integrated into the processing logic to store instructions to execute operations and/or store data. Processing logic may also include analog or digital circuitry to perform the operations in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
- A “memory” or “memories” described in this disclosure may include one or more volatile or non-volatile memory architectures. The “memory” or “memories” may be removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Example memory technologies may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD), high-definition multimedia/data storage disks, or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information for access by a computing device.
- A computing device may include a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a tablet, a phablet, a smartphone, a feature phone, a server computer, or otherwise. A server computer may be located remotely in a data center or be stored locally.
- The above description of illustrated embodiments of the invention, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the invention are described herein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize.
- These modifications can be made to the invention in light of the above detailed description. The terms used in the following claims should not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification. Rather, the scope of the invention is to be determined entirely by the following claims, which are to be construed in accordance with established doctrines of claim interpretation.
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US12001025B1 (en) * | 2023-06-15 | 2024-06-04 | Tencent America LLC | Optical lens assembly for near-eye display and near-eye display device |
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US20040108971A1 (en) * | 1998-04-09 | 2004-06-10 | Digilens, Inc. | Method of and apparatus for viewing an image |
US20140266985A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-18 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | System and method for chromatic aberration correction for an image projection system |
US10545347B2 (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2020-01-28 | Google Llc | Compact eye tracking using folded display optics |
US11822078B2 (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2023-11-21 | Apple Inc. | Head-mounted display system |
US10466496B2 (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2019-11-05 | Facebook Technologies, Llc | Compact multi-color beam combiner using a geometric phase lens |
US11378811B2 (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2022-07-05 | Facebook Technologies, Llc | Optical assembly with curved reflective polarizer for head mounted display |
US10955672B1 (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2021-03-23 | Facebook Technologies, Llc | Optical assembly with switchable waveplates |
US11360308B2 (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2022-06-14 | Facebook Technologies, Llc | Optical assembly with holographic optics for folded optical path |
US11656500B2 (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2023-05-23 | Meta Platforms Technologies, Llc | Switchable multilayer cholesteric liquid crystal reflective polarizer |
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US12001025B1 (en) * | 2023-06-15 | 2024-06-04 | Tencent America LLC | Optical lens assembly for near-eye display and near-eye display device |
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