US20230160632A1 - Liquefaction and subcooling system and method - Google Patents

Liquefaction and subcooling system and method Download PDF

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US20230160632A1
US20230160632A1 US17/995,370 US202117995370A US2023160632A1 US 20230160632 A1 US20230160632 A1 US 20230160632A1 US 202117995370 A US202117995370 A US 202117995370A US 2023160632 A1 US2023160632 A1 US 2023160632A1
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gas
subcooling
refrigerant fluid
liquefaction
liquefied
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Frederic MARCUCCILLI
Nicolas Brunner
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Cryostar Sas 2
Cryostar SAS
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Cryostar SAS
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Assigned to CRYOSTAR SAS reassignment CRYOSTAR SAS CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNEE NAME SHOULD READ CRYOSTAR SAS PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 061291 FRAME: 0637. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: MARCUCCILLI, FREDERIC, BRUNNER, Nicolas
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0065—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0085—Ethane; Ethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0092—Mixtures of hydrocarbons comprising possibly also minor amounts of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/62—Ethane or ethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the storage and transportation of liquefied gases. Specifically, the present invention relates to the management and the re-liquefaction and subcooling of boil off gas of different liquefied gases that are alternatively stored and/or transported in the same facility.
  • Liquefied gases such as liquefied ethane or liquefied natural gas (LNG) are typically stored in atmospheric tanks at saturated conditions, when being transported by liquefied gas carriers such as a floating transportation vessel.
  • liquefied gas evaporates due to the unavoidably imperfect insulation of the tanks. This evaporated gas is known as boil off gas (BOG).
  • BOG boil off gas
  • liquefied gas carriers have a BOG management system for re-liquefying the BOG, in order to avoid a pressure build-up in the tanks, or venting of BOG into the atmosphere.
  • BOG management systems are known; see US 20140102133 A1, for example.
  • an objective of the present invention is to provide a liquefaction and subcooling system that is able to efficiently work at different temperature levels, in particular the liquefaction and subcooling system should be suitable for use in a boil off gas management system for re-liquefying and subcooling boil off gas.
  • a liquefaction and subcooling system for liquefying and subcooling different first and second gases having different saturation temperatures at a given pressure
  • a boil off gas management system for liquefying and subcooling different first and second gases having different saturation temperatures at a given pressure
  • Dependent claims and the following descriptions relate to preferred embodiments.
  • the liquefaction and subcooling system for liquefying different first and second gases having different saturation temperatures at a given pressure, comprises a refrigeration device operable to alternatively provide a refrigerant fluid at a first and a second cold temperature that correspond to different liquefaction temperatures of the first and second gases, a subcooling arrangement coupled to the refrigeration device such that the refrigerant fluid is supplied to the subcooling arrangement at its cold temperature, the subcooling arrangement having first and second subcoolers for exchanging heat between a gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled and the refrigerant fluid, wherein, when the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled is the first gas, the refrigeration device is configured to provide the refrigerant fluid at the first cold temperature and the subcooling arrangement is configured to guide the refrigerant fluid and the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled through the first subcooler; and, when the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled is the second gas, the refrigeration device is configured to provide the refriger
  • liquefaction temperature is used herein to indicate the cryogenic temperature necessary to liquefy a gas at given pressure. After liquefaction (or already after a prior compression stage) a liquid state of the gas is obtained, which may further be cooled below the liquefaction temperature, i.e. which may be subcooled. Thus, generally the process includes liquefaction and/or subcooling.
  • gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled is used, with the meaning that the subcooling part of this expression relates to the (re-)liquefied gas, i.e. the part “gas to be subcooled” in the expression means that the (re-)liquefied gas (in the liquid state) is subcooled (cooled below the liquefaction temperature, cooled below the condensation temperature).
  • the liquefaction and subcooling system can in particular be used in a boil off gas (BOG) management system of a storage or transportation device for liquid gas at atmospheric temperature, i.e. in a BOG management system for a tank for liquid gas. While in a BOG management system the gas is ‘re-liquefied’, the terms ‘liquefied’, ‘liquefying’, and ‘liquefaction’ are used throughout this application for simplicity and since the prior state of the gas is not essential for carrying out the invention.
  • BOG boil off gas
  • the liquefaction and subcooling system according to the invention advantageously allows the use of a single cold production system (refrigeration device) that is common for the liquefaction of different gases, in particular for the management of different boil off gases.
  • the rotating machinery is common and the refrigerant is common, and switching between the different gases can be done by a simple set of on/off valves.
  • the provision of two different subcoolers allows to liquefy different gases.
  • the liquefaction and subcooling system may simply be switched between the two situations. This implies that a tank facility for liquid gas (e.g. on a gas carrier vessel) can be used for different gases without the need of having to provide different re-liquefaction and BOG management systems for each of the gases, only the subcooling arrangement has to be changed.
  • the first subcooler is configured for heat exchange between the first gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled and the refrigerant fluid being at the first cold temperature
  • the second subcooler is configured for heat exchange between the second gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled and the refrigerant fluid being at the second cold temperature.
  • the subcoolers are selected or designed to enable a large heat exchange at the respective temperature level for each of the gases. This allows to overcome mechanical constraints imposed on the subcoolers (heat exchangers) by the operation at different temperature levels, i.e. to overcome the problem that a heat exchanger designed to operate at a certain temperature may not be suitable to operate effectively at a different temperature.
  • the first and second subcoolers are used alternatively.
  • the first and the second subcoolers are essentially heat exchangers, and may be one of the following types: a shell and tube heat exchanger, a plate in shell heat exchanger, or a plate fin heat exchanger, preferably plate fin heat exchangers are used.
  • the liquefaction and subcooling system can comprise a multi-stream heat exchanger, in which a heat exchanger of the refrigeration device is formed, and in which the first and second subcoolers are formed by separate conduits.
  • the subcooling arrangement can include a combined subcooler formed by a heat exchanger in which the first and second subcoolers are formed by separate conduits.
  • the first and second subcoolers can be separate heat exchangers.
  • the two separate heat exchangers are of two different types selected from the following types: shell and tube heat exchangers, plate in shell heat exchangers, and plate fin heat exchangers.
  • first and/or second subcoolers can be formed by plate fin heat exchangers.
  • the refrigerant fluid can be selected from helium, nitrogen, methane, ethane, neon, or a combination thereof.
  • the first cold temperature can be in the range of -120° C. to -85° C., preferably -115° C.
  • the second cold temperature can be in the range of -183° C. to -155° C., preferably -178° C.
  • the difference between the first and second cold temperatures is at least 30° C., preferably at least 40° C., most preferably at least 50° C.
  • the difference between the first and second cold temperatures is in the range of 30° C. - 100° C., more preferably in the range of 40° C. - 80° C., most preferably in the range of 50° C. - 70° C.
  • the first gas can be ethane and the second gas can be natural gas.
  • the same principles can be applied to ammonia carriers or LPC carriers.
  • the boil off gas management system comprises one of the preceding liquefaction and subcooling systems, wherein the liquefaction and subcooling system is arranged to re-liquefy and/or subcool boil off gas.
  • the method for liquefying different first and second gases having different saturation temperatures at a given pressure comprises providing a refrigeration device operable to alternatively provide a refrigerant fluid at a first and a second cold temperature that correspond to different liquefaction temperatures of the first and second gases, and, when the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled is the first gas, operating the refrigeration device to provide the refrigerant fluid at the first cold temperature and guiding the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled through a first subcooler for heat exchange with the refrigerant fluid, and, when the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled is the second gas, operating the refrigeration device to provide the refrigerant fluid at the second cold temperature and guiding the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled through a second subcooler for heat exchange with the refrigerant fluid.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating the structure and operation of an embodiment of a liquefaction and subcooling system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating the structure and operation of another embodiment of a liquefaction and subcooling system according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating the structure and operation of yet another embodiment of a liquefaction and subcooling system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a boil off gas management system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart depicting an embodiment of the method for liquefaction according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a schematic view of a liquefaction and subcooling system according to said first embodiment of the invention.
  • the liquefaction and subcooling system comprises a refrigeration device 10 (which forms a refrigeration subsystem of the liquefaction and subcooling system) and a subcooling arrangement 50 (which forms a heat exchange subsystem of the liquefaction and subcooling system).
  • the refrigeration device is operable to provide a refrigerant fluid at each of at least two different temperatures, i.e. at a first cold temperature and at a second cold temperature.
  • the refrigeration device may be able to be operated such that the refrigerant fluid is provided at arbitrary temperatures within a temperature range that depends on the structure or type of the refrigeration device, i.e.
  • the first cold temperature corresponds to the temperature used to liquefy a first gas (e.g. ethane) and the second cold temperature corresponds to the temperature used to liquefy a second gas (e.g. LNG).
  • first gas e.g. ethane
  • second cold temperature corresponds to the temperature used to liquefy a second gas (e.g. LNG).
  • the temperatures that are used to liquefy the gases are also denoted as liquefaction temperatures herein.
  • the working circuit 12 comprises a compression section, an expansion section and a heat exchanger section.
  • the compression section is formed by three compressors 14 , 16 , 18 which are driven by motors 20 , 22 , 24 over driving shafts, for example. More generally any number of compressors may be used, i.e. the compression section may generally comprise any number of compression stages.
  • the compressors 14 , 16 , 18 may be of the centrifugal compression type.
  • coolers 26 , 28 , 30 are included in the working circuit 12 for cooling the refrigerant fluid after each compression stage to ambient temperatures.
  • the coolers 26 , 28 , 30 are supplied with a cooling fluid over conduits as indicated by arrows 32 , 34 , 36 . Air, water or, on a maritime vessel, sea water may be used as cooling fluid, for example.
  • the expansion section is formed by an expansion turbine 38 , which may be of the centripetal expansion type. More generally it is possible that the expansion section is formed by more than one expansion turbine.
  • the expansion turbine 38 is driven by a motor 24 , which in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is the same motor 24 that also drives a compressor 18 , for example.
  • the expansion turbine 38 and the compressor 18 are both driven over a common driving shaft for efficiency reasons.
  • the refrigerant fluid leaves the expansion turbine 38 at an outlet conduit 40 which is part of the working circuit 12 . At this point (directly after expansion in the expansion turbine 38 ) the refrigerant fluid has reached its lowest temperature, i.e. it has reached the cold temperature. In other words, the refrigerant fluid is provided in the outlet conduit 40 at its cold temperature by the refrigeration device.
  • the heat exchanger section of the refrigeration device 10 is formed by a heat exchanger 42 , in which heat is exchanged between the compressed refrigerant fluid downstream the compression section and upstream the expansion section and the expanded refrigerant fluid downstream of the expansion section and upstream the compression section.
  • the compressed refrigerant fluid that is cooled by cooler 30 to be essentially at ambient temperature is cooled down to a low (cryogenic) temperature by exchanging heat with the refrigerant fluid that downstream the expansion section (expansion turbine 38 ) is at its lowest temperature before being guided through the heat exchanger 42 .
  • an oval line is drawn around the conduits between which heat is exchanged and a reference sign is attached to the line to indicate the corresponding heat exchanger. This is the case for the heat exchanger 42 of the refrigeration device as well as for the first and second subcoolers 70 , 72 introduced below.
  • the specific structure of the refrigeration device 10 is not essential for implementing the invention.
  • the refrigeration device can be operated such that the refrigerant fluid may be provided at different cold temperatures. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 this can be achieved by driving the compressors 14 , 16 , 18 and the expansion turbine 38 accordingly, i.e. at different speeds and power.
  • a by-pass valve 44 may be provided that allows the refrigerant fluid to by-pass the heat exchanger 42 via a conduit.
  • a flow of the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled is provided at an inlet 52 , passed through the subcooling arrangement for cooling, and leaving the subcooling arrangement at an outlet 54 preferably in a fluid state.
  • the subcooling arrangement 50 has two different flow paths for the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled, a first flow path 56 and a second flow path 58 .
  • the flow path taken by the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled can be chosen by switching valves accordingly. Specifically, the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled flows through the first flow path 56 , when valves 60 , 62 are open and valves 64 and 66 are closed.
  • the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled flows through the second flow path 58 , when valves 64 , 66 are open and valves 60 , 62 are closed.
  • the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled will typically be provided in compressed form and may at least partially be in a liquid state.
  • the BOG will normally be guided through a compression stage before being fed to the inlet 52 by a BOG management system.
  • first subcooler 70 In the first flow path 56 a first subcooler 70 is provided and in the second flow path 58 a second subcooler 72 is provided.
  • the first subcooler 70 is configured to efficiently exchange heat between the first gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled and the refrigerant fluid being at the first cold temperature.
  • the second subcooler 70 is configured to efficiently exchange heat between the second gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled and the refrigerant fluid being at the second cold temperature.
  • the first and the second subcoolers 70 , 72 are heat exchangers, preferably plate fin heat exchangers.
  • the heat exchanger 42 of the refrigeration device, the first subcooler 70 , and the second subcooler 72 are formed in a single multi-stream heat exchanger 100 having different conduits.
  • the multi-stream heat exchanger 100 is provided downstream of the expansion section (expansion turbine 38 ) and is supplied by outlet conduit 40 with the refrigerant fluid being at the cold temperature.
  • the multi-stream heat exchanger 100 has two conduits 102 , 104 : one conduit 102 which guides the refrigerant fluid through the heat exchanger 42 of the refrigeration device, and another conduit 104 which guides the refrigerant fluid through the first and second subcooler 70 , 72 .
  • the first and second subcoolers 70 , 72 are formed by different conduits in the multi-stream heat exchanger 100 .
  • Valves 106 , 108 , 110 , 112 are provided that control the flow of the refrigerant fluid through the conduits 102 , 104 of the multi-stream heat exchanger 100 .
  • the refrigerant fluid When the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled is the first gas, the refrigerant fluid is provided at the first cold temperature and the gas is guided through the first flow path 56 , which includes the conduits in the multi-stream heat exchanger 100 that form the first subcooler 70 .
  • the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled is the second gas
  • the refrigerant fluid is provided at the second cold temperature and the gas is guided through the second flow path 58 , which includes the conduits in the multi-stream heat exchanger 100 that form the second subcooler 72 .
  • a valve 108 should be open, wherein this valve 108 controls the flow of the refrigerant fluid to the conduit 104 which is guided through the first and second subcooler 72 .
  • a by-pass valve 68 may be provided that allows to directly connect the inlet 52 with the outlet 54 , which, for example, is helpful when performing maintenance of the multi-stream heat exchanger 100 .
  • first and second flow paths 56 , 58 may be included in the working circuit 12 and/or the first and second flow paths 56 , 58 , such as a surge valve, flow meters, pressure sensors and the like.
  • FIG. 2 shows a liquefaction and subcooling system according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • the description of structures common with the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is not repeated in the following and common elements are indicated with the same reference signs. Therefore, unless indicated otherwise, the description of FIG. 1 applies for these elements, differences will be pointed out in the following.
  • the difference between the embodiments of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 lies in the different arrangement of the heat exchangers, particularly of the subcooling arrangement 50 ; specifically of the heat exchanger 42 of the refrigeration device 10 and of the first and second subcoolers 70 , 72 of the subcooling arrangement 50 .
  • the heat exchanger 42 of the refrigeration device is formed by a regular counter current heat exchanger 200 .
  • the first and second subcoolers 70 , 72 of the subcooling arrangement 50 are formed as a combined subcooler (combined heat exchanger) 202 .
  • the combined subcooler 202 is basically a heat exchanger which combines heat exchangers that constitute the first and second subcoolers 70 , 72 .
  • the combined subcooler 202 is separate from the counter current heat exchanger 200 , i.e. the combined subcooler 202 is dedicated for subcooling.
  • Several valves 204 , 206 , 208 are arranged in the working circuit 12 for controlling the flow of the refrigerant fluid to and from the combined subcooler 202 and the counter current heat exchanger 200 .
  • the combined subcooler 202 is provided in the working circuit 12 between the expansion and heat exchanger sections of the refrigeration device 10 , i.e. downstream of the expansion turbine 38 and upstream of the counter current heat exchanger 200 .
  • the refrigerant fluid is guided from the outlet conduit 40 of the expansion section through valve 204 into a single inlet 210 for refrigerant fluid of the combined subcooler 202 .
  • the first and second subcoolers 70 , 72 are formed by means of two separate conduits in the combined subcooler 202 . These two separate conduits are arranged to exchange heat with the refrigerant fluid which is guided through the combined subcooler 202 by another conduit.
  • the two separate conduits form part of the first and second flow paths 56 , 58 , respectively.
  • the refrigerant fluid is provided at the first cold temperature and the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled is guided through the first flow path 56 , which includes the conduits in combined subcooler 202 that form the first subcooler 70 .
  • the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled is the second gas
  • the refrigerant fluid is provided at the second cold temperature and the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled is guided through the second flow path 58 , which includes the conduits in the combined subcooler 202 that form the second subcooler 72 .
  • a valve 204 should be open, wherein this valve 204 controls the flow of the refrigerant fluid to the inlet 210 for refrigerant fluid of the combined subcooler 202 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a liquefaction and subcooling system according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 in order to avoid repetitions, the description of structures common with the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is not repeated in the following and common elements are indicated with the same reference signs. Therefore, unless indicated otherwise, the description of FIG. 1 applies for these elements, differences will be pointed out in the following.
  • the difference between the embodiments of FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 lies in the different arrangement of the heat exchangers, particularly of the subcooling arrangement 50 ; specifically of the heat exchanger 42 of the refrigeration device 10 and of the first and second subcoolers 70 , 72 of the subcooling arrangement 50 .
  • the heat exchanger 42 of the refrigeration device is formed by regular counter current heat exchanger 300 .
  • the first and second subcoolers 70 , 72 of the subcooling arrangement are formed as two separate subcoolers (heat exchangers) that are also separate from the counter current heat exchanger 300 . That is, the first subcooler 70 is formed by first heat exchanger 302 and the second subcooler 72 is formed by a second heat exchanger 304 , the second heat exchanger 304 is separate from the first heat exchanger 302 .
  • Several valves 306 , 308 , 310 , 312 , 314 are arranged in the working circuit 12 for controlling the flow of the refrigerant fluid to and from first and second heat exchangers 302 , 304 and the counter current heat exchanger 300 .
  • the first and second heat exchangers 302 , 304 are provided in parallel in the working circuit 12 between the expansion and heat exchanger sections of the refrigeration device 10 , i.e. downstream the expansion turbine 38 and upstream the counter current heat exchanger 300 .
  • a valve 306 controls the flow of refrigerant fluid to the first heat exchanger 302 and another valve 308 controls the flow of refrigerant fluid to the second heat exchanger 304 .
  • the refrigerant fluid is provided at the first cold temperature and the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled is guided through the first flow path 56 , which includes the first heat exchanger 302 that forms the first subcooler 70 .
  • the refrigerant fluid is provided at the second cold temperature and the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled is guided through the second flow path 58 , which includes the second heat exchanger 304 that forms the second subcooler 72 .
  • the valve 306 controlling the flow of refrigerant fluid to the first heat exchanger 302 is open while the valve 308 controlling the flow of refrigerant fluid to the second heat exchanger 304 is closed, and vice versa for the second case (second gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled).
  • FIG. 4 depicts an exemplary boil off gas (BOG) management system 400 for a tank 402 for a liquefied gas 404 .
  • BOG boil off gas
  • the BOG is pumped over a conduit to the inlet 52 of a liquefaction and subcooling system 412 according to the invention, which may for example be any one of the liquefaction and subcooling systems shown in FIGS. 1 - 3 .
  • the (re-)liquefied and subcooled BOG is pumped back from the outlet 54 of the liquefaction and subcooling system 412 and reintroduced into the tank 402 in liquid form.
  • a compressor 410 (as shown for example in FIG. 4 ) in the conduit that compresses the BOG prior to being (re-)liquefied.
  • FIG. 5 depicts a flow chart of a method for liquefaction according to an embodiment.
  • the method includes the step 510 of providing a refrigeration device operable to alternatively provide a refrigerant fluid at a first and a second cold temperature that correspond to different liquefaction temperatures of the first and second gases.
  • the refrigeration device is able to be operated at first and second cold temperatures
  • the cold temperature at which the refrigeration device is operated can be chosen depending on which gas is to be liquefied. This choice is made in step 520 of selecting whether the first or the second gas is to be liquefied.
  • the method continues with step 530 of operating the refrigeration device to provide the refrigerant fluid at the first cold temperature and step 540 of guiding the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled through a first subcooler for heat exchange with the refrigerant fluid.
  • the method continues with step 550 of operating the refrigeration device to provide the refrigerant fluid at the second cold temperature and step 560 of guiding the gas to be liquefied and/or subcooled through a second subcooler for heat exchange with the refrigerant fluid.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US17/995,370 2020-04-08 2021-03-29 Liquefaction and subcooling system and method Pending US20230160632A1 (en)

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US3144316A (en) * 1960-05-31 1964-08-11 Union Carbide Corp Process and apparatus for liquefying low-boiling gases
US3300991A (en) * 1964-07-07 1967-01-31 Union Carbide Corp Thermal reset liquid level control system for the liquefaction of low boiling gases
DE2457262A1 (de) * 1974-12-04 1976-06-10 Linde Ag Verfahren zur rueckverfluessigung von verdampften kohlenwasserstoffen
DE102005053267A1 (de) * 2005-10-27 2007-05-03 Linde Ag Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von Prozesskälte für verfahrenstechnische Prozesse
EP2702311B1 (en) 2011-04-19 2021-06-09 Babcock IP Management (Number One) Limited Method of cooling boil off gas and an apparatus therefor
KR101701713B1 (ko) * 2014-12-10 2017-02-02 삼성중공업 주식회사 연료공급시스템
US10619917B2 (en) * 2017-09-13 2020-04-14 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Multi-product liquefaction method and system

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EP4133226A1 (en) 2023-02-15

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