US20230160316A1 - Abrasive material, a method for manufacturing an abrasive material and a substrate coated with an abrasive material - Google Patents

Abrasive material, a method for manufacturing an abrasive material and a substrate coated with an abrasive material Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20230160316A1
US20230160316A1 US17/917,489 US202117917489A US2023160316A1 US 20230160316 A1 US20230160316 A1 US 20230160316A1 US 202117917489 A US202117917489 A US 202117917489A US 2023160316 A1 US2023160316 A1 US 2023160316A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
abrasive material
abrasive
material according
abrasive particles
matrix
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
US17/917,489
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Susanne Schrüfer
Matthew Hancock
Kevin Long
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Rolls Royce PLC
Original Assignee
Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Rolls Royce PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG, Rolls Royce PLC filed Critical Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Assigned to ROLLS-ROYCE DEUTSCHLAND LTD & CO KG, ROLLS-ROYCE PLC reassignment ROLLS-ROYCE DEUTSCHLAND LTD & CO KG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HANCOCK, MATTHEW, Schrüfer, Susanne, LONG, KEVIN
Publication of US20230160316A1 publication Critical patent/US20230160316A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
    • F01D11/122—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with erodable or abradable material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05D2240/307—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the tip of a rotor blade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/611—Coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an abrasive material with the features of claim 1 , a method for manufacturing an abrasive material with the features of claim 11 , and a substrate coated with an abrasive material with the features of claim 14 .
  • Turbine sealing systems in aircraft engines comprise an abradable material which is generally applied to a static component (e.g. a seal segment) and an abrasive material which is applied to a rotating component (e.g. a turbine blade or a compressor blade).
  • the abrasive material cuts into the abradable material in a defined way and is used e.g. for turbine blade tip clearance control (i.e. minimizing the blade tip clearance) and which is important for the efficiency of the turbine.
  • Known abrasive materials (U.S. Pat. No. 6,355,086 B2 and U.S. Pat. No. 8,266,801 B2) use either cubic boron nitride particles held within a CoNiCrAlY metal matrix or within a superalloy matrix to cut into abradable material.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 8,266,801 B2 mentions a directed laser deposition process to deposit polycrystalline nickel superalloys.
  • Abradable material is e.g. known from U.S. Pat. No. 7,479,328 B2 as a coating system used on segments or e.g. from U.S. Pat. No. 8,124,252 B2 using a rare earth silicate as a porous abradable coating for ceramic matrix composite seal segments.
  • an abrasive material comprising a nickel aluminide intermetallic phase, in particular a beta nickel aluminide ( ⁇ -NiAl) intermetallic phase with a Laves phase.
  • a nickel aluminide intermetallic phase in particular a beta nickel aluminide ( ⁇ -NiAl) intermetallic phase with a Laves phase.
  • ⁇ -NiAl beta nickel aluminide
  • the Laves phase comprises Ta, in particular in the form of ⁇ 1 NiAlTa.
  • the intermetallic phase with the Laves phase form a matrix for abrasive particles which are part of the abrasive material.
  • the overall content of Ta in the abrasive material is between 1 at. % and 20 at. %, in particular between 1, 5 to 3 at. % or 6 and 9 at. %
  • NiAlTa alloy such as Cr, Mo, Nb, and/or V.
  • the NiAlTa and Beta-NiAl phases can comprise up to 7.5 at. % Cr.
  • the abrasive particles comprise cubic boron nitride, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, zirconia and/or alumina-based oxides.
  • the abrasive particles can be coated, in particular with Ti and/or Ni.
  • the abrasive particles are vertically distributed in the matrix, in particular in the form of layers. This will ensure that abrasive particles will available if the top layer has been removed during operation.
  • the abrasive particles can also be stacked in a direction essentially perpendicular to the surface.
  • the substrate is heated or pre-heated for the deposition of the matrix and/or the abrasive particles. This prevents cracks in the materials.
  • the heating can e.g. be effected by induction or high temperature lamps.
  • a substrate in particular a blade in turbomachine with a tip coated with an abrasive material of at least one of claims 1 to 10 .
  • FIG. 1 shows a graph indicating the yield strength in dependence of the temperature
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of an abrasive material on top of a substrate before a mechanical rub;
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 2 after a mechanical rub
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which the metal matrix is deposited first and subsequently the abrasive particles;
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment with tapered sides
  • FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of substrate with a an abrasive material with low stacking of abrasive particles
  • FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of substrate with a an abrasive material with stacking of abrasive particles.
  • abrasive materials 10 with a NiAl intermetallic phase in particular a beta nickel aluminide ( ⁇ -NiAl) intermetallic phase with a Laves phase addition, is described.
  • the NiAl phase with the Laves phase is used as a matrix 1 for abrasive particles 2 , as will be shown in connection with FIGS. 2 to 6 .
  • An Mg spinel abradable system is a high thermal conductivity abradable coating system which does not use a dislocator phase in the abradable portion of the coating system. This makes it more difficult to cut with an abrasive tip of a blade using known abrasive materials at operating with elevated temperatures. Hence, the abradable system requires a higher strength abrasive material at elevated operating temperatures.
  • an abrasive material 10 with a NiAl intermetallic phase in particular a beta nickel aluminide ( ⁇ -NiAl) intermetallic phase with a Laves phase addition.
  • NiAl intermetallic phase are e.g. NiAl 3 or Ni 3 Al.
  • the continuity of the Laves phase that forms is dependent on the Tantalum content of the alloy. Below 3 at. % Tantalum the Laves phase precipitates out discontinuously on NiAl grain boundaries. Above 3 at. % Tantalum, the NiTaAl completely covers the grain boundaries and forms a continuous skeleton required to produce a continuous Laves phase. Material with additions above 20 at. % Tantalum was found to have inferior oxidation performance.
  • FIG. 1 shows the benefit of a NiAl-33 vol % NiAlTa alloy (diamond symbol) having a yield strength of over 250 MPa at 1200° C. while prior art materials are significantly lower than that. In particular close to the 35 MPa threshold. Analysis has determined that 35 MPa is the minimum yield strength required to anchor the abrasive material.
  • Quaternary additions of elements to the NiAlTa phase could be made to optimise individual properties.
  • Examples of quaternary elemental additions are Chromium, Molybdenum, Niobium and/or Vanadium.
  • Quaternary additions of Chromium to the NiAlTa system improved ductility relative to the NiAlTa system but had reduced high temperature creep strength. This addition is considered to have potential for the application in blades of a gas turbine engine.
  • a matrix 1 using a NiAlTa Laves phase along with cubic boron nitride as abrasive particles 2 are used.
  • the application of the materials can be effected by a blown powder directed Laser Deposition process, a composite electroplating, diffusion bonding or a thermal spray method.
  • the baseline sequence is that the metal matrix 1 and abrasive particles 2 will be co-deposited using a technique such as directed laser deposition, thermal spray or diffusion bonding.
  • approximately three abrasive particles 2 are stacked upon each other.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show that by tailoring the manufacturing process conditions, the amount of abrasive particle stacking can be controlled.
  • FIG. 7 The cross-sectional view of a substrate according to FIG. 7 was produced using parameters show very little stacking of the abrasive particles 2
  • FIG. 8 was produced with parameters which promote the stacking of abrasive particles 2 . As can be seen, some material removed from the top would expose abrasive particles 2 vertically below.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 also show the shape of the abrasive particles 2 in a cross-section.
  • the particles are on average not rounded and comprise flat surfaces forming edges where the meet. This gives the abrasive particles an angular shape.
  • This stacking of abrasive particles has the advantage of sustained cutting performance by which the cubic boron nitride particles at the top of the stack are removed due to a heavy rub/incursion of the blade into the abradable material (not shown here). As shown in FIG. 3 , there are multiple abrasive particles 2 below which will be exposed for additional ability to cut into the high temperature abradable capacity.
  • the abrasive particles can, but do not have to be deposited in discrete layers to enable this behaviour.
  • An alternative sequence of manufacture would be to deposit the metal matrix 1 first followed by deposition/embedding of the abrasive particles 2 which is shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the matrix 1 and the abrasive particles 2 may be applied by directed laser deposition, electroplate or thermal spray.
  • a bond coat/bond layer 4 may be applied onto the substrate 3 .
  • the bond coat layer 4 is a layer of metallic material deposited directly on to the substrate 3 , this is typically the same composition as the matrix material 1 mentioned earlier although other compositions may also have satisfactory properties in particular oxidation resistance, tensile strength and co-efficient of thermal expansion.
  • This sequence may yield improvements in the oxidation resistance of the metal matrix 1 by leaving a continuous layer of nickel aluminium tantalum below the abrasive particles 2 .
  • the particles 2 such as cubic boron nitride can introduce short-circuit diffusion paths for oxygen below the particles compromising oxidation life of the abrasive.
  • This sequence might also yield an improvement in cutting performance, as it leaves the abrasive particles 2 anchored in the outer region and protruding out of the metal matrix 2 .
  • cubic boron nitride is used for the abrasive particles 2 but other ceramics, such as silicon nitride and alumina can also be used. It is also possible to use mixtures of different ceramic types.
  • the average size of the abrasive particles 2 can be in the range of 125 to 600 microns in particular between 125 and 250 microns.
  • the form of the deposition of the Laves phase comprising the NiAlTa can be optimized to maximise coverage at a similar height across the tip of the turbine blade (see FIG. 5 ).
  • a sub-optimal case is shown in FIG. 6 which has tapered sides resulting with less abrasive particles 2 towards the tip of the abrasive material 10 .
  • the abrasive material 10 will be deposited in a metastable microstructural condition where post-deposition heat treatments and service temperatures and times result in microstructural equilibrium to the nickel aluminide plus Laves phase microstructure.
  • heat treatment at 1100° C. caused some of the Laves phases to transform to L2 Ni2AlTa Heusler phase.
  • the materials proposed are compatible with current single crystal superalloy, coatings and other treatments applied to state-of-the-art turbine blades. This is similar to prior art materials.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
US17/917,489 2020-04-24 2021-03-15 Abrasive material, a method for manufacturing an abrasive material and a substrate coated with an abrasive material Pending US20230160316A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020205248.4 2020-04-24
DE102020205248 2020-04-24
PCT/EP2021/056552 WO2021213735A1 (fr) 2020-04-24 2021-03-15 Matériau abrasif, procédé de fabrication d'un matériau abrasif et substrat revêtu d'un matériau abrasif

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20230160316A1 true US20230160316A1 (en) 2023-05-25

Family

ID=74947399

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US17/917,489 Pending US20230160316A1 (en) 2020-04-24 2021-03-15 Abrasive material, a method for manufacturing an abrasive material and a substrate coated with an abrasive material

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20230160316A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4139561A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021213735A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6355086B2 (en) 1997-08-12 2002-03-12 Rolls-Royce Corporation Method and apparatus for making components by direct laser processing
DE10334698A1 (de) 2003-07-25 2005-02-10 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Deckbandsegment für eine Strömungsmaschine
US7357958B2 (en) * 2004-10-29 2008-04-15 General Electric Company Methods for depositing gamma-prime nickel aluminide coatings
GB2449862B (en) 2007-06-05 2009-09-16 Rolls Royce Plc Method for producing abrasive tips for gas turbine blades
US8124252B2 (en) 2008-11-25 2012-02-28 Rolls-Royce Corporation Abradable layer including a rare earth silicate
US10018056B2 (en) * 2014-07-02 2018-07-10 United Technologies Corporation Abrasive coating and manufacture and use methods
DE102015222141A1 (de) 2015-11-10 2017-05-11 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Halterungsvorrichtung für ein Substrat und Verfahren zur Beschichtung einer Oberseite eines Substrats

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4139561A1 (fr) 2023-03-01
WO2021213735A1 (fr) 2021-10-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4916022A (en) Titania doped ceramic thermal barrier coatings
US5780110A (en) Method for manufacturing thermal barrier coated articles
EP1079073B1 (fr) Revêtement par diffusion d'aluminure modifié pour les surfaces internes de composants de turbine à gaz
EP1076116B1 (fr) Composants ayant un recouvrement partiel et leurs préparations
US5015502A (en) Ceramic thermal barrier coating with alumina interlayer
EP0844368B2 (fr) Revêtissement partiel des aubes de turbine à gaz pour améliorer la résistance à la fatigue
US5514482A (en) Thermal barrier coating system for superalloy components
US6296447B1 (en) Gas turbine component having location-dependent protective coatings thereon
US6335105B1 (en) Ceramic superalloy articles
EP1953252B1 (fr) Compositions d'alliages du type MCrAlY et articles les utilisant
EP0366924A2 (fr) Rêvetement céramique en tant que barrière thermique comportant une couche intermédiaire en alumine
EP3252277B1 (fr) Bande de frottement abradable de joint externe
EP1340833B1 (fr) Revêtement hybride formant barrière thermique et méthode pour sa fabrication
JPS6136061B2 (fr)
US6720088B2 (en) Materials for protection of substrates at high temperature, articles made therefrom, and method for protecting substrates
US20020192491A1 (en) Oxidation resistant coatings for niobium-based silicide composites
US20100330295A1 (en) Method for providing ductile environmental coating having fatigue and corrosion resistance
EP3255254A1 (fr) Bande de frottement abradable de joint externe
US20020119340A1 (en) Oxidation resistant coatings for molybdenum silicide-based composite articles
EP1666629A2 (fr) Pièce protégée par une barrière de diffusion et une couche de groupe platine
EP0992614A1 (fr) Revêtement pour éléments d'une turbine
US20100330393A1 (en) Ductile environmental coating and coated article having fatigue and corrosion resistance
GB2285632A (en) Thermal barrier coating system for superalloy components
US20230160316A1 (en) Abrasive material, a method for manufacturing an abrasive material and a substrate coated with an abrasive material
CN113242913A (zh) 由包含铼和/或钌的超合金制成的涡轮部件以及相关的制造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ROLLS-ROYCE PLC, GREAT BRITAIN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SCHRUEFER, SUSANNE;HANCOCK, MATTHEW;LONG, KEVIN;SIGNING DATES FROM 20200505 TO 20200602;REEL/FRAME:061339/0728

Owner name: ROLLS-ROYCE DEUTSCHLAND LTD & CO KG, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SCHRUEFER, SUSANNE;HANCOCK, MATTHEW;LONG, KEVIN;SIGNING DATES FROM 20200505 TO 20200602;REEL/FRAME:061339/0728

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION