US20230062079A1 - Hemp composites - Google Patents
Hemp composites Download PDFInfo
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- US20230062079A1 US20230062079A1 US17/822,304 US202217822304A US2023062079A1 US 20230062079 A1 US20230062079 A1 US 20230062079A1 US 202217822304 A US202217822304 A US 202217822304A US 2023062079 A1 US2023062079 A1 US 2023062079A1
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- hemp
- mixture
- composite
- oil
- paper
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012075 bio-oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000272201 Columbiformes Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/12—Pulp from non-woody plants or crops, e.g. cotton, flax, straw, bagasse
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
- D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
- D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
- D21B1/12—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by wet methods, by the use of steam
- D21B1/14—Disintegrating in mills
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C1/00—Pretreatment of the finely-divided materials before digesting
- D21C1/02—Pretreatment of the finely-divided materials before digesting with water or steam
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
- D21C3/02—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with inorganic bases or alkaline reacting compounds, e.g. sulfate processes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
- D21C9/18—De-watering; Elimination of cooking or pulp-treating liquors from the pulp
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F11/00—Processes for making continuous lengths of paper, or of cardboard, or of wet web for fibre board production, on paper-making machines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/14—Secondary fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/07—Nitrogen-containing compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
- D21J3/00—Manufacture of articles by pressing wet fibre pulp, or papier-mâché, between moulds
Definitions
- This invention relates to methods of making hemp composites and articles (e.g., hemp-containing paper products) made from the hemp composites.
- Paper products have a variety of uses.
- corrugated boxes are used to package goods for transportation.
- Paper products, including corrugated boxes are usually made with a feedstock including wood from trees (e.g., softwood trees, hardwood trees, or a combination thereof). Trees suitable for the production of paper products typically take about 20 years to reach sufficient size for harvesting.
- making hemp-containing products includes processing hemp (e.g., hemp stalks), and combining the processed hemp with paper and oil to yield a hemp mixture, removing water from the hemp mixture, and drying the hemp mixture to yield a hemp composite.
- the paper can be post-consumer recycled paper.
- a weight ratio of hemp to water in the hemp mixture can be adjusted to achieve a selected elasticity of the hemp composite.
- the hemp composite is in the form of cardboard (e.g., corrugated cardboard), masonry bricks, concrete masonry units, drywall and gypsum boards, and containers, including food grade and non-food grade containers.
- making a hemp composite includes processing hemp to yield a processed hemp.
- the processed hemp includes water.
- the first general aspect further includes combining the processed hemp with paper and oil to yield a hemp mixture, removing at least some of the water from the hemp mixture, and drying the hemp mixture to yield the hemp composite.
- Implementation of the first general aspect can include one or more of the following features.
- the hemp includes hemp stalks.
- processing the hemp includes shredding and pulverizing the hemp.
- processing the hemp further includes combining the hemp with boiling water to yield a pulp mixture.
- processing the hemp further includes breaking down cell walls of the hemp in the pulp mixture.
- breaking down the cell walls of the hemp includes combining the pulp mixture with sodium bicarbonate.
- Certain implementations further include adjusting a weight ratio of hemp to water in the pulp mixture to achieve a selected elasticity of the hemp composite.
- Some implementations further include removing at least some of the water from the pulp mixture to yield a drained pulp mixture.
- Some cases further include combining the drained pulp mixture with water at ambient temperature to yield the processed hemp.
- the paper can be shredded.
- the paper includes post-consumer recycled paper.
- the oil includes bio-oil.
- the bio-oil includes amines.
- Certain implementations further include shaping the hemp mixture before drying the hemp mixture.
- the hemp composite is oil-infused.
- An article can be formed from the hemp mixture of the first general aspect.
- the article is one of cardboard, clay pigeons, masonry bricks, concrete masonry units, gypsum boards, food-grade containers, and non-food grade containers.
- the cardboard includes a corrugated cardboard box.
- a hemp composite in a second general aspect, includes hemp, paper, and oil.
- Implementation of the second general aspect can include one or more of the following features.
- the hemp includes hemp stalks.
- the paper includes post-consumer recycled paper.
- the oil includes bio-oil.
- An article can include the composite of the second general aspect.
- the article is one of cardboard, clay pigeons, masonry bricks, concrete masonry units, gypsum boards, food-grade containers, and non-food grade containers.
- the cardboard includes a corrugated cardboard box.
- hemp takes only four months to become harvestable, and thus can be harvested about 60 times more than wood trees in the same time span.
- the combination of hemp and post-consumer recycled paper provides a low-cost, biodegradable, and biologically safe option to address a growing demand for packaging and other products.
- the hemp composite also decreases the use of trees, thereby increasing the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered from the atmosphere.
- the hemp composite has carbon-negative characteristics and can absorb select gaseous emissions from the air.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing steps in the process of making a hemp composite.
- FIG. 1 shows steps in a process for making a hemp composite.
- hemp is processed.
- the hemp can include hemp stalks, hemp shivs, or both. Processing the hemp includes reducing a size of the hemp, combining the hemp with water, and breaking down the cellular structure of the hemp.
- the processed hemp is combined with paper and oil to yield a hemp mixture.
- the paper is typically post-consumer recycled paper.
- the paper can be shredded.
- the oil can be an amine-rich bio-oil.
- water is removed from the hemp mixture.
- a weight ratio of hemp to water in the hemp mixture can be adjusted to achieve a selected elasticity of the hemp composite.
- the hemp mixture is dried to yield an oil-infused hemp composite.
- the paper and oil increases the durability, adhesion, and elasticity of the hemp composite.
- the hemp composite Before drying, the hemp composite can be shaped (e.g., molded) into various articles, such as biodegradable containers and bricks (e.g., terracotta and concrete masonry units) for various types of construction, and clay pigeons.
- the hemp composite can also be added to drywall, gypsum boards, food-grade containers, and non-food grade containers.
- hemp is used to make corrugated cardboard (e.g., for use in boxes).
- hemp stalks are shredded and pulverized.
- the shredded, pulverized hemp stalks are combined with boiling water and boiled until a pulp mixture is formed (e.g., about one hour).
- the pulp mixture is treated to break down cell walls of the hemp.
- treating the pulp mixture includes combining sodium bicarbonate with the boiling pulp mixture. Water is drained from the pulp mixture, and the pulp is combined with water at ambient temperature to yield a washed pulp mixture. Post-consumer recycled paper and amine-rich bio-oils are combined with the washed pulp mixture to yield a hemp mixture.
- a silk strainer is used to remove water from the hemp mixture and form hemp sheets.
- the hemp sheets are dried to yield a hemp composite, for example, by laying the sheets on an absorbent material and cold pressing the absorbent material to remove water and promote uniform drying.
- the hemp composite is rolled and can be stored for later processing in corrugating machinery to yield hemp-containing corrugated cardboard.
- the hemp-containing corrugated cardboard can provide the same strength as a thicker product made from wood, and provides an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional corrugated cardboard.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application 63/239,212 filed on Aug. 31, 2021, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- This invention relates to methods of making hemp composites and articles (e.g., hemp-containing paper products) made from the hemp composites.
- Paper products have a variety of uses. In one example, corrugated boxes are used to package goods for transportation. Paper products, including corrugated boxes, are usually made with a feedstock including wood from trees (e.g., softwood trees, hardwood trees, or a combination thereof). Trees suitable for the production of paper products typically take about 20 years to reach sufficient size for harvesting.
- Inventive aspects of this disclosure include methods of making hemp composites and articles made from hemp composites. In some embodiments, making hemp-containing products includes processing hemp (e.g., hemp stalks), and combining the processed hemp with paper and oil to yield a hemp mixture, removing water from the hemp mixture, and drying the hemp mixture to yield a hemp composite. The paper can be post-consumer recycled paper. A weight ratio of hemp to water in the hemp mixture can be adjusted to achieve a selected elasticity of the hemp composite. In some examples, the hemp composite is in the form of cardboard (e.g., corrugated cardboard), masonry bricks, concrete masonry units, drywall and gypsum boards, and containers, including food grade and non-food grade containers.
- In a first general aspect, making a hemp composite includes processing hemp to yield a processed hemp. The processed hemp includes water. The first general aspect further includes combining the processed hemp with paper and oil to yield a hemp mixture, removing at least some of the water from the hemp mixture, and drying the hemp mixture to yield the hemp composite.
- Implementation of the first general aspect can include one or more of the following features.
- In some cases, the hemp includes hemp stalks. In some implementations, processing the hemp includes shredding and pulverizing the hemp. In certain implementations, processing the hemp further includes combining the hemp with boiling water to yield a pulp mixture. In some cases, processing the hemp further includes breaking down cell walls of the hemp in the pulp mixture. In some implementations, breaking down the cell walls of the hemp includes combining the pulp mixture with sodium bicarbonate. Certain implementations further include adjusting a weight ratio of hemp to water in the pulp mixture to achieve a selected elasticity of the hemp composite. Some implementations further include removing at least some of the water from the pulp mixture to yield a drained pulp mixture. Some cases further include combining the drained pulp mixture with water at ambient temperature to yield the processed hemp. The paper can be shredded. In some implementations, the paper includes post-consumer recycled paper. In some cases, the oil includes bio-oil. In certain implementations, the bio-oil includes amines. Certain implementations further include shaping the hemp mixture before drying the hemp mixture. In some cases, the hemp composite is oil-infused. An article can be formed from the hemp mixture of the first general aspect. In some cases, the article is one of cardboard, clay pigeons, masonry bricks, concrete masonry units, gypsum boards, food-grade containers, and non-food grade containers. In some implementations, the cardboard includes a corrugated cardboard box.
- In a second general aspect, a hemp composite includes hemp, paper, and oil.
- Implementation of the second general aspect can include one or more of the following features.
- In some cases, the hemp includes hemp stalks. In some implementations, the paper includes post-consumer recycled paper. In some implementations, the oil includes bio-oil. An article can include the composite of the second general aspect. In some cases, the article is one of cardboard, clay pigeons, masonry bricks, concrete masonry units, gypsum boards, food-grade containers, and non-food grade containers. In certain implementations, the cardboard includes a corrugated cardboard box.
- The processes and composites described in this disclosure provide various advantages. For example, hemp takes only four months to become harvestable, and thus can be harvested about 60 times more than wood trees in the same time span. The combination of hemp and post-consumer recycled paper provides a low-cost, biodegradable, and biologically safe option to address a growing demand for packaging and other products. The hemp composite also decreases the use of trees, thereby increasing the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered from the atmosphere. The hemp composite has carbon-negative characteristics and can absorb select gaseous emissions from the air.
- The details of one or more embodiments of the subject matter of this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.
-
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing steps in the process of making a hemp composite. -
FIG. 1 shows steps in a process for making a hemp composite. In 102, hemp is processed. The hemp can include hemp stalks, hemp shivs, or both. Processing the hemp includes reducing a size of the hemp, combining the hemp with water, and breaking down the cellular structure of the hemp. In 104, the processed hemp is combined with paper and oil to yield a hemp mixture. The paper is typically post-consumer recycled paper. The paper can be shredded. The oil can be an amine-rich bio-oil. In 106, water is removed from the hemp mixture. A weight ratio of hemp to water in the hemp mixture can be adjusted to achieve a selected elasticity of the hemp composite. In 108, the hemp mixture is dried to yield an oil-infused hemp composite. The paper and oil increases the durability, adhesion, and elasticity of the hemp composite. - Before drying, the hemp composite can be shaped (e.g., molded) into various articles, such as biodegradable containers and bricks (e.g., terracotta and concrete masonry units) for various types of construction, and clay pigeons. The hemp composite can also be added to drywall, gypsum boards, food-grade containers, and non-food grade containers. The strength of hemp at the cellular level, which exceeds that of wood, contributes to the strength and durability of these products.
- In one embodiment of
process 100, hemp is used to make corrugated cardboard (e.g., for use in boxes). In this embodiment, hemp stalks are shredded and pulverized. The shredded, pulverized hemp stalks are combined with boiling water and boiled until a pulp mixture is formed (e.g., about one hour). The pulp mixture is treated to break down cell walls of the hemp. In one example, treating the pulp mixture includes combining sodium bicarbonate with the boiling pulp mixture. Water is drained from the pulp mixture, and the pulp is combined with water at ambient temperature to yield a washed pulp mixture. Post-consumer recycled paper and amine-rich bio-oils are combined with the washed pulp mixture to yield a hemp mixture. A silk strainer is used to remove water from the hemp mixture and form hemp sheets. The hemp sheets are dried to yield a hemp composite, for example, by laying the sheets on an absorbent material and cold pressing the absorbent material to remove water and promote uniform drying. The hemp composite is rolled and can be stored for later processing in corrugating machinery to yield hemp-containing corrugated cardboard. The hemp-containing corrugated cardboard can provide the same strength as a thicker product made from wood, and provides an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional corrugated cardboard. - Although this disclosure contains many specific embodiment details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the subject matter or on the scope of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in this disclosure in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented, in combination, in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments, separately, or in any suitable sub-combination. Moreover, although previously described features may be described as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can, in some cases, be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a sub-combination.
- Particular embodiments of the subject matter have been described. Other embodiments, alterations, and permutations of the described embodiments are within the scope of the following claims as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. While operations are depicted in the drawings or claims in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed (some operations may be considered optional), to achieve desirable results.
- Accordingly, the previously described example embodiments do not define or constrain this disclosure. Other changes, substitutions, and alterations are also possible without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure.
Claims (25)
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US17/822,304 US20230062079A1 (en) | 2021-08-31 | 2022-08-25 | Hemp composites |
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US202163239212P | 2021-08-31 | 2021-08-31 | |
US17/822,304 US20230062079A1 (en) | 2021-08-31 | 2022-08-25 | Hemp composites |
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Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6225437B1 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2001-05-01 | Albemarle Corporation | Sizing agents of enhanced performance capabilities |
US8512521B2 (en) * | 2009-04-09 | 2013-08-20 | Kemira Oyj | Product for the sizing of paper |
US20170306564A1 (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-10-26 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Methods and compositions for enhancing sizing in papermaking process |
US20180179447A1 (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2018-06-28 | Netternergy B.V. | System and method for the conversion of biomass, and products thereof |
US20190264385A1 (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2019-08-29 | David Pauwels | Methods for preparing cannabis hurd fiber, purified cannabis hurd fiber, and articles containing the purified cannabis hurd fiber |
-
2022
- 2022-08-25 US US17/822,304 patent/US20230062079A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6225437B1 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2001-05-01 | Albemarle Corporation | Sizing agents of enhanced performance capabilities |
US8512521B2 (en) * | 2009-04-09 | 2013-08-20 | Kemira Oyj | Product for the sizing of paper |
US20180179447A1 (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2018-06-28 | Netternergy B.V. | System and method for the conversion of biomass, and products thereof |
US20170306564A1 (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-10-26 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Methods and compositions for enhancing sizing in papermaking process |
US20190264385A1 (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2019-08-29 | David Pauwels | Methods for preparing cannabis hurd fiber, purified cannabis hurd fiber, and articles containing the purified cannabis hurd fiber |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
SMOOK, HANDBOOK FOR PULP & PAPER TECHNOLOGISTS, 1992, ANGUS WILDE PUBLISHING, SECOND EDITION, CH. 13 (Year: 1992) * |
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