US20220409544A1 - Stable parenteral formulations of duloxetine - Google Patents

Stable parenteral formulations of duloxetine Download PDF

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US20220409544A1
US20220409544A1 US17/778,906 US202017778906A US2022409544A1 US 20220409544 A1 US20220409544 A1 US 20220409544A1 US 202017778906 A US202017778906 A US 202017778906A US 2022409544 A1 US2022409544 A1 US 2022409544A1
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solution
duloxetine
buffer
formulation
clear solution
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Chandrashekhar Kocherlakota
Nagaraju Banda
Santhosh Kumar MANKALA
Suresh PACHAIYAPPAN
Anji Reddy KESHIREDDY
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Leiutis Pharmaceutials LLP
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/38—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur as a ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/381—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur as a ring hetero atom having five-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/12—Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/19—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles lyophilised, i.e. freeze-dried, solutions or dispersions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a parenteral dosage form of duloxetine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the method of manufacture of the said dosage form.
  • the parenteral dosage form of this invention provides immediate relief to the patients.
  • Duloxetine is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SSNRI), chemically known as (+)—N-methyl-3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-3-(2-thienyl) propan-1-amine).
  • SSNRI serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
  • Duloxetine is not stable in presence of acid and degrades rapidly in acidic environment of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • One of the degradant of acid hydrolysis is 1-napthol, which is known to be toxic and causes several side effects. To avoid the degradation and side effects, duloxetine is supplied as an enteric coated dosage form.
  • Duloxetine is commercially available in USA as delayed release capsules containing enteric coated duloxetine hydrochloride pellets. The product is sold under the brand name Cymbalta®. Duloxetine is used in the treatment of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia and chronic musculoskeletal pain. The T lag (time for the absorption to begin) of duloxetine is 2 hours and Tmax (time to reach maximum concentration) is 6 to 10 hours. Hence the product is indicated to be administered 2 hours before the surgery for pain management.
  • duloxetine is such that quick onset of action is desirable. This is not possible with the currently available enteric coated formulation where the GI transit time is more than 6 hours. Further, the capsule formulation may present difficulties in swallowing in pediatric and elderly patients. This often leads to discontinuation of treatment and poor patient compliance.
  • enteric duloxetine pellet formulation comprising a) a core consisting of duloxetine and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient; b) an optional separating layer; c) an enteric layer comprising hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
  • HPMCAS hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose acetate succinate
  • U.S. Pat. No. 8,758,779 discloses duloxetine powder for oral suspension whereas U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,455,667 and 8,513,439 disclose oral liquid compositions comprising duloxetine with suitable buffers. None of these patents have disclosures for making parenteral formulations.
  • the prior art formulations are associated with many disadvantages. Some of these are—increased time for absorption and onset of action for the enteric coated formulations, variability in drug absorption in different patients, difficulty in administering the formulations to patients who cannot take oral medication, pediatric and geriatric patients and possible degradation of the drug due to increased time of contact with gastric acids.
  • the present invention relates to a parenteral formulation of duloxetine comprising duloxetine dissolved in a suitable solvent system comprising one or more buffers, stabilizers and other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • the formulation is in the form of a lyophilized injection comprising duloxetine.
  • FIG. 01 shows Permiability of various formulations evaluated using Rat Intestine at 15 minutes time (mcg/cm 2 ).
  • duloxetine is intended to refer to the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and polymorphs thereof. Duloxetine Hydrochloride is most preferred.
  • Water Content in the pharmaceutical formulation plays a major role in degrading the product. Drug gets degraded when it comes in contact with water, which ultimately effects the self-life of the product.
  • the term “Water Content” in the present invention refers to an amount less than 5% w/w and more preferably less than 3% w/w even after 6 months of storage at accelerated conditions.
  • Water Content and Moisture Content are interchangeable and means the same throughout the specification.
  • lyophilize in the context of this invention, is intended to refer to the process of freeze drying of a solution comprising duloxetine and other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • lyophilizate refers to the product of lyophilization.
  • substitution refers to dissolution of the lyophilizate for achieving a solution.
  • parenteral formulation means a pharmaceutical formulation that can be administered through intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intrathecal routes of administration.
  • the present invention relates to a parenteral formulation of duloxetine for preoperative, peri-operative, post-operative pain management to reduce or alleviate need for Opioids and, therefore, opioid-related adverse effects or opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and for management of chronic and acute painful conditions.
  • the present inventors have now surprisingly found that it is possible to make a duloxetine lyophilized formulation that would overcome the disadvantages associated with prior art.
  • the invention encompasses a lyophilized parenteral formulation of duloxetine.
  • Lyophilization or freeze-drying is a method for dehydrating samples used to preserve or increase stability or to stop degradation. Due to the low water content of lyophilized products, the action of microorganisms and enzymes is inhibited and the product life thereby increased.
  • lyophilization the sample to be lyophilized is dissolved in an aqueous solution and subsequently frozen after which the surrounding pressure is reduced. The sample is then submitted to sublimation, optionally by the application of heat, in order to sublime the frozen water directly from the solid phase to the gas phase.
  • the lyophilized parenteral formulation of this invention comprises duloxetine dissolved in an aqueous vehicle and subsequently lyophilized in appropriate containers or glass vials.
  • the lyophilizate thus formed can be reconstituted with a normal physiological solution like normal saline or with a specific diluent.
  • the aqueous vehicle is preferably a sterile aqueous vehicle that is normally used as liquid vehicle for injection.
  • Suitable aqueous vehicles include, for example, sterile water and sterile aqueous vehicles that contain suitable excipients that promote and preserve the stability of duloxetine after reconstitution.
  • the invention in another embodiment, relates to a lyophilized formulation comprising (i) duloxetine (ii) a bulking agent, (iii) an aqueous vehicle and (iv) other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • Bulking agents are used in lyophilization to increase product mass, adjust tonicity, improve product appearance, prevent product collapse, or aid in rehydration.
  • Bulking agents for the purpose of this invention may be selected from mannitol, dextrose, cyclodextrin, sodium chloride, sorbitol and the like. Mannitol is the most preferred.
  • the bulking agents may make up 1-99% by weight of the lyophilized solid.
  • the aqueous vehicle can be selected from one or more of buffers selected from the group comprising acetate buffer, phosphate buffer, aspartic acid and boric acid buffer, citrate buffer and glycine buffer, succinate buffer, alanine buffer, valine buffer, histidine buffer, lactic acid buffer and the like.
  • the aqueous vehicle can also contain mixture of process aid solvents like alcohols, acetonitrile, acetone and like that are removed during lyophilization.
  • the inventors carried out solubility/solution stability studies to determine the solution solubility of duloxetine in various buffers at different pH values.
  • the concentration of the solution was kept at 10 mg/ml,
  • the samples were stored for 24 hours and analyzed for pH, assay and total impurities by standard analytical procedures.
  • the data showed that duloxetine has satisfactory stability in all the buffers tested.
  • the acetate buffer at pH-5.5 and pH-6.4 and the glycine buffer at pH-5.5 and pH-6.4 showed best results in terms of assay and total impurities.
  • the invention relates to a lyophilized formulation comprising (i) duloxetine, (ii) a bulking agent, (iii) an aqueous vehicle, (iv) a stabilizer and (v) other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • the invention relates to a lyophilized formulation comprising (i) duloxetine, (ii) a bulking agent (iii) an aqueous vehicle, (iv) a stabilizer, (v) one or more pH adjusting agents and (vi) other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • the invention relates to a lyophilized formulation comprising (i) duloxetine, (ii) a bulking agent (iii) an aqueous vehicle, (iv) a stabilizer, (v) one or more surfactants and (vi) other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • the lyophilized formulation of the present invention has less than 0.5% w/w of each of the following impurities: duloxetine 4-napthyl isomer ((4-[3-(Methylamino)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)propyl]naphthalen-1-ol), alpha napthol ((Naphthalen-1-01)), duloxetine beta napthol-1-yl isomer ((2-[3-(Methylamino)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)propyl]naphthalen-1-01)). More specifically the above said impurities are less than 0.3% w/w each, even after 6 months of storage under accelerated conditions.
  • the stabilizer in the formulation can be selected from one or more of DOTA, DTPA, EDTA and the like.
  • the quantity of the stabilizer can be from 0.001% w/w to 10% w/w.
  • the one or more pH adjusting agents can be selected from the group comprising sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, mineral acids, carboxylic acids and salts thereof.
  • the surfactants may be selected from the group comprising lecithin, soya lecithin, egg lecithin, PEG-PE, phosphatidyl choline, etc
  • the invention relates to a kit comprising lyophilized formulation of duloxetine supplied together with a diluent.
  • the diluent supplied in the kit can be selected from water for injection, dextrose solution, normal saline, mannitol solution, dextrose normal saline solution (DNS), half saline solution (with a concentration of sodium chloride at 0.45% w/v), dextrose 5%, Normal saline with Arginine (pH 10.07), Ringer Lactate solution.
  • the lyophilized formulation of the present invention can be reconstituted with the diluent solution described above. It can be administered directly after reconstitution or may further be diluted with any of the physiologically acceptable solutions at the time of administration.
  • the lyophilized samples prepared as per the invention were reconstituted with water and normal saline.
  • the subject-matter of the present invention further relates to a process for preparing the lyophilized formulation and the kit.
  • the process comprises the steps of:
  • duloxetine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvates thereof (i) mixing the following components (in any suitable order): duloxetine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvates thereof; an aqueous vehicle; one or more bulking agents; optionally one or more stabilizers; and optionally one or more pH adjusting agents; to provide for an aqueous preparation, wherein duloxetine has a concentration of 1 to 20% w/v, based on the aqueous preparation;
  • the aqueous preparation may be a suspension/dispersion or solution.
  • the lyophilization step may be carried out in vials, blisters or in any other larger vessel, such as stainless-steel trays or tanks, called “bulk lyophilization”.
  • step (i) The bulk solution prepared in step (i) was evaluated for stability. The data is tabulated below. Stability of bulk solution is important to ensure a quality product even in the case unforeseen prolonged process times. Various concentrations of the drug i.e 10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml and 30 mg/ml were studied in different pH ranges. The formulations were prepared as per the details of example 1.
  • permeability of drug from the formulation plays a significant role.
  • various formulations were evaluated for permeability flux rate of Duloxetine using invitro ex-vivo rat intestine.
  • Wistar Rats of Body weight of 300 (+25) grams were selected and fasted overnight for 12 hours before sacrificing.
  • the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and intestinal segments (jejunum portion) were isolated.
  • the isolated intestine segments were washed with Ringer lactate solution then stored in aerated Ringer solution till usage. 20 cms of intestine segment was selected to fill 2 mL of the sample. Both the ends of the segments were tied with cotton thread ensuring no leakage from the surface and subjected for diffusion study for determining permeability.
  • examples of 8A, 16, 17, 6 and 18 were diluted to get concentration of 5 mg/mL of duloxetine in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. 2 mL of each solution was taken in separate.
  • Diffusion study was performed by placing the intestine segments in 50 mL of oxygenated 6.8 pH phosphate buffer at 37 ⁇ 0.5° C. temperature under rotary shaking at 50 rpm.
  • the intestine acts as donor chamber and diffusion media acts as receptor chamber from which aliquot samples were collected at predefined time points.
  • the sample were collected at 15 mins, 30 mins, 45 mins, 1 Hrs, 2 Hrs, 3 Hrs, 6 Hrs, 12 Hrs, 24 Hrs and 48 Hrs. At each time point 1 mL of the sample was collected from the diffusion phase and replaced with equal volume of phosphate buffer of temperature 37 ⁇ 0.5° C. temperature. The samples were analysed using HPLC method for Duloxetine content.
  • the samples collected at each time point were analysed for diffused drug content by HPLC method.
  • the flux rates were calculated from slope of a trend-line plotted by taking cumulative amount drug release form unit surface area (i.e. mcg/cm2) against time (h).
  • the flux rates were calculated using the following equation
  • J is the Flux of compound “m” moving through a cross-sectional area “A” during time “t”
  • FIG. number 1 illustrates Permeability of various formulations evaluated using Rat Intestine at 15 minutes time (mcg/cm2).
  • the permeability flux rate of duloxetine formulation containing Lecithin's or PEG-PE or Cyclodextrin was found to be increased by 2-3 folds than compared to flux rates of drug solution that does not have any of these excipients.
  • Multimodal analgesia or “balanced analgesia” for the treatment of postoperative pain management.
  • Multimodal or Balanced Analgesia includes involves the use of more than one method or modality of controlling pain (e.g., drugs from two or more classes, drug plus nondrug treatment) to obtain additive beneficial effects, reduce side effects, or both.
  • the invention also encompasses an injection formulation comprising (i) duloxetine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) a second active ingredient, selected from the group comprising paracetamol, diclofenac, gabapentin, pregabalin, dexamethasone, lidocaine, melatonin etc.
  • the pH of the bulk solution is adjusted by using 5.0N Sodium hydroxide solution.
  • the bulk solution is filled into vials and lyophilized.
  • the bulk solution is filled into vials and lyophilized.
  • Example 3A Example 3B Example 3C Qty/ Qty Qty/ Qty Qty/ Qty vial % Vial % vial % S. No Ingredients (mg) w/v (mg) w/v (mg) w/v 1.
  • DOTA* 0.15 0.02 0.3 0.02 0.45 0.02 4.
  • Acetate buffer Q.s to 87.08 Q.s to 87.08 Q.s to 87.08 (20 mg/mL) 0.75 mL 1.5 mL 2.25 mL *DOTA—Dodecane tetra acetic acid
  • the pH of the bulk solution was adjusted to 5.5 by using 5N Sodium hydroxide solution.
  • the pH of the bulk solution was adjusted to 5.5 by using 5N Sodium hydroxide solution.
  • the pH of the bulk solution was adjusted to 5.5 by using 5N Sodium hydroxide solution.
  • pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.0 ⁇ 0.1 using L-histidine.
  • pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.0 ⁇ 0.1 using disodium succinic acid.
  • Example 8A Example 8 B Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty S. No Ingredients (mg/mL) % w/v % w/w (mg/mL) % w/v % w/w 1. Duloxetine 30.00 3.00 31.40 30.0 3.0 30.86 Hydrochloride 2. Mannitol 45.00 4.50 47.10 45.0 4.50 46.29 3. EDTA 0.20 0.02 0.20 0.20 0.02 0.205 4. Soy lecithin 10.00 1.00 10.468 10.0 1.00 10.28 (Lipoid S 100) 5. L-Histidine 0.32 0.03 0.34 — — — 6.
  • pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.0 ⁇ 0.1 using L-histidine.
  • pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.0 ⁇ 0.1 using disodium succinate.
  • pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.5 ⁇ 0.1 using L-histidine.
  • duloxetine To the above solution dispensed quantity of duloxetine was added and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm for obtaining a clear solution, followed by addition of gabapentin and stirred well for 15 minutes at 400 rpm until a clear solution is obtained.
  • pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.5 ⁇ 0.1 using L-histidine.
  • Example 11A Example 11B Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty (mg/ (mg/ % % (mg/ (mg/ % % S. No Ingredients 20 mL) mL) w/v w/w 20 mL) mL) w/v w/w 1. Duloxetine 30.00 1.50 0.30 2.66 30.00 1.50 0.30 3.22 Hydrochloride 2. Dexamethasone 8.00 0.40 0.08 0.711 12.00 0.60 0.12 1.29 sodium phosphate 3. Mannitol 875.00 43.75 4.37 77.74 875.00 43.75 4.37 94.10 4.
  • pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.5 ⁇ 0.1 using L-histidine.
  • pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.0 ⁇ 0.1 using L-histidine.
  • pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.0 ⁇ 0.1 using L-histidine.
  • pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.0 ⁇ 0.1 using disodium succinic acid.
  • Example 18 Compositions of Duloxetine API Solution Prepared in Phosphate Buffer pH 6.4 (Used as Control in the Study)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a parenteral lyophilized formulation of duloxetine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Further, this invention relates to duloxetine dissolved in a suitable solvent system comprising one or more buffers, stabilizers, and other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and subsequently lyophilized. The invention also describes combination formulation of Duloxetine with other active ingredients.

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to a parenteral dosage form of duloxetine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the method of manufacture of the said dosage form. The parenteral dosage form of this invention provides immediate relief to the patients.
    • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  • Duloxetine is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SSNRI), chemically known as (+)—N-methyl-3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-3-(2-thienyl) propan-1-amine). Duloxetine is not stable in presence of acid and degrades rapidly in acidic environment of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the degradant of acid hydrolysis is 1-napthol, which is known to be toxic and causes several side effects. To avoid the degradation and side effects, duloxetine is supplied as an enteric coated dosage form.
  • Duloxetine is commercially available in USA as delayed release capsules containing enteric coated duloxetine hydrochloride pellets. The product is sold under the brand name Cymbalta®. Duloxetine is used in the treatment of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia and chronic musculoskeletal pain. The Tlag (time for the absorption to begin) of duloxetine is 2 hours and Tmax (time to reach maximum concentration) is 6 to 10 hours. Hence the product is indicated to be administered 2 hours before the surgery for pain management.
  • The indications of duloxetine are such that quick onset of action is desirable. This is not possible with the currently available enteric coated formulation where the GI transit time is more than 6 hours. Further, the capsule formulation may present difficulties in swallowing in pediatric and elderly patients. This often leads to discontinuation of treatment and poor patient compliance. There are patents describing oral formulations of duloxetine. For eg, U.S. Pat. No. 5,508,276 discloses an enteric duloxetine pellet formulation comprising a) a core consisting of duloxetine and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient; b) an optional separating layer; c) an enteric layer comprising hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The patent describes the importance of formulating duloxetine as enteric coated pellets for better absorption and bioavailability but does not talk about parenteral formulations of duloxetine.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 8,758,779 discloses duloxetine powder for oral suspension whereas U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,455,667 and 8,513,439 disclose oral liquid compositions comprising duloxetine with suitable buffers. None of these patents have disclosures for making parenteral formulations.
  • The prior art formulations are associated with many disadvantages. Some of these are—increased time for absorption and onset of action for the enteric coated formulations, variability in drug absorption in different patients, difficulty in administering the formulations to patients who cannot take oral medication, pediatric and geriatric patients and possible degradation of the drug due to increased time of contact with gastric acids.
  • Thus, there is a need to make a parenteral formulation of duloxetine that can overcome the disadvantages associated in the prior art. These formulations are particularly advantageous because they result in quick action and relief from pain because the drug enters systemic circulation directly bypassing first pass metabolism and gastric acid degradation.
    • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to a parenteral formulation of duloxetine comprising duloxetine dissolved in a suitable solvent system comprising one or more buffers, stabilizers and other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The formulation is in the form of a lyophilized injection comprising duloxetine.
    • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 01 shows Permiability of various formulations evaluated using Rat Intestine at 15 minutes time (mcg/cm2).
    •  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • The term “duloxetine” is intended to refer to the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates and polymorphs thereof. Duloxetine Hydrochloride is most preferred.
  • “Water Content” in the pharmaceutical formulation plays a major role in degrading the product. Drug gets degraded when it comes in contact with water, which ultimately effects the self-life of the product. The term “Water Content” in the present invention refers to an amount less than 5% w/w and more preferably less than 3% w/w even after 6 months of storage at accelerated conditions.
  • The words “Water Content” and Moisture Content” are interchangeable and means the same throughout the specification.
  • The term “lyophilize” in the context of this invention, is intended to refer to the process of freeze drying of a solution comprising duloxetine and other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. The term “lyophilizate” refers to the product of lyophilization. The term “reconstitution” refers to dissolution of the lyophilizate for achieving a solution.
  • The inventors of the present invention defined the term “parenteral” formulation, which means a pharmaceutical formulation that can be administered through intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intrathecal routes of administration.
  • In one aspect, the present invention relates to a parenteral formulation of duloxetine for preoperative, peri-operative, post-operative pain management to reduce or alleviate need for Opioids and, therefore, opioid-related adverse effects or opioid-induced hyperalgesia, and for management of chronic and acute painful conditions.
  • The present inventors have now surprisingly found that it is possible to make a duloxetine lyophilized formulation that would overcome the disadvantages associated with prior art.
  • In one embodiment, the invention encompasses a lyophilized parenteral formulation of duloxetine.
  • Lyophilization or freeze-drying is a method for dehydrating samples used to preserve or increase stability or to stop degradation. Due to the low water content of lyophilized products, the action of microorganisms and enzymes is inhibited and the product life thereby increased. In lyophilization, the sample to be lyophilized is dissolved in an aqueous solution and subsequently frozen after which the surrounding pressure is reduced. The sample is then submitted to sublimation, optionally by the application of heat, in order to sublime the frozen water directly from the solid phase to the gas phase.
  • The lyophilized parenteral formulation of this invention comprises duloxetine dissolved in an aqueous vehicle and subsequently lyophilized in appropriate containers or glass vials. The lyophilizate thus formed can be reconstituted with a normal physiological solution like normal saline or with a specific diluent. The aqueous vehicle is preferably a sterile aqueous vehicle that is normally used as liquid vehicle for injection. Suitable aqueous vehicles include, for example, sterile water and sterile aqueous vehicles that contain suitable excipients that promote and preserve the stability of duloxetine after reconstitution.
  • In another embodiment, the invention relates to a lyophilized formulation comprising (i) duloxetine (ii) a bulking agent, (iii) an aqueous vehicle and (iv) other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • Bulking agents are used in lyophilization to increase product mass, adjust tonicity, improve product appearance, prevent product collapse, or aid in rehydration. Bulking agents for the purpose of this invention may be selected from mannitol, dextrose, cyclodextrin, sodium chloride, sorbitol and the like. Mannitol is the most preferred. The bulking agents may make up 1-99% by weight of the lyophilized solid.
  • The aqueous vehicle can be selected from one or more of buffers selected from the group comprising acetate buffer, phosphate buffer, aspartic acid and boric acid buffer, citrate buffer and glycine buffer, succinate buffer, alanine buffer, valine buffer, histidine buffer, lactic acid buffer and the like. The aqueous vehicle can also contain mixture of process aid solvents like alcohols, acetonitrile, acetone and like that are removed during lyophilization.
  • The inventors carried out solubility/solution stability studies to determine the solution solubility of duloxetine in various buffers at different pH values. The concentration of the solution was kept at 10 mg/ml,
  • TABLE 1
    Solubility data of duloxetine in various buffers at various pH
    Buffer pH Observation Buffer pH Observation
    Phosphate 4.5 Clear solution Serine buffer 4.5 Clear solution
    buffer
    Sodium 4.5 Clear solution 5.5 Clear solution
    phosphate
    buffer
    Acetate 4.5 Clear solution 6.4 Clear solution
    buffer 5.5 Clear solution Lactic acid 4.5 Clear solution
    6.4 Clear solution buffer 5.5 Clear solution
    7.5 Clear solution 6.4 Clear solution
    Aspartic acid 4.5 Clear solution 7.5 Clear solution
    and Boric 5.5 Clear solution Phosphate 5.5 Insoluble
    acid buffer buffer
    Succinate 4.5 Clear solution 6.4 Insoluble
    buffer
    Glycine 4.5 Clear solution Sodium 5.5 Insoluble
    buffer 5.5 Clear solution phosphate 6.4 Insoluble
    buffer
    6.4 Clear solution Citrate 4.5 Insoluble
    7.5 Clear solution buffer 5.5 Insoluble
    Alanine 4.5 Clear solution 6.4 Insoluble
    buffer 5.5 Clear solution Aspartic acid 6.4 Insoluble
    and Boric
    acid buffer
    Valine buffer 4.5 Clear solution Succinate 5.5 Insoluble
    5.5 Clear solution buffer 6.4 Insoluble
    6.4 Clear solution Tris buffer 4.5 Insoluble
    7.5 Clear solution 5.5 Insoluble
    Leucine 4.5 Clear solution 6.4 Insoluble
    buffer 5.5 Clear solution Alanine 6.4 Insoluble
    buffer
    6.4 Clear solution Phenyl 6.4 Insoluble
    alanine
    buffer
    7.5 Clear solution Lysine 4.5 Insoluble
    Isoleucine 4.5 Clear solution buffer 5.5 Insoluble
    buffer 5.5 Clear solution 6.4 Insoluble
    6.4 Clear solution Histidine 4.5 Insoluble
    7.5 Clear solution buffer 5.5 Insoluble
    Methionine 4.5 Clear solution 6.4 Insoluble
    buffer 5.5 Clear solution Tartaric acid 4.5 Insoluble
    6.4 Clear solution buffer 5.5 Insoluble
    7.5 Clear solution 6.4 Insoluble
    Proline buffer 4.5 Clear solution Meglumine 4.5 Insoluble
    5.5 Clear solution buffer 5.5 Insoluble
    6.4 Clear solution 6.4 Insoluble
    7.5 Clear solution Serine buffer 7.5 Insoluble
    Phenyl alanine 4.5 Clear solution 0.1N Sodium 4.5 Insoluble
    buffer 5.5 Clear solution hydroxide 5.5 Insoluble
    Tryptophan 4.5 Clear solution buffer 6.4 Insoluble
    buffer 5.5 Clear solution
    6.4 Clear solution
    7.5 Clear solution
  • The solution state stability of duloxetine was studied in various buffers for 24 hours. The data is tabulated below:
  • TABLE 2
    Solution state stability of duloxetine in various buffers for 24 hours
    Formulation
    Aspartic Aspartic
    acid + acid +
    Glycine Glycine Acetate Acetate Boric Acid Boric Acid
    Buffer Buffer Buffer Buffer Buffer Buffer
    (pH-5.5) (pH-6.4) (pH-5.5) (pH-6.4) (pH-5.5) (pH-6.4)
    Condition-RT-25° C.
    I* 24 h I* 24 h I* 24 h I* 24 h I* 24 h I* 24 h
    pH 5.59 5.5 6.23 6.35 5.32 5.4 6.38 6.1 5.8 5.7 6.6 6.5
    Assay (%) 105 104.8 97.7 96.6 93.9 92.4 94.3 90.3 93.0 93.3 97.9 97.8
    Total 0.12 0.2 0.10 0.18 0.14 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5
    Impurities
    Note:
    I*: Initial
  • The samples were stored for 24 hours and analyzed for pH, assay and total impurities by standard analytical procedures. The data showed that duloxetine has satisfactory stability in all the buffers tested. The acetate buffer at pH-5.5 and pH-6.4 and the glycine buffer at pH-5.5 and pH-6.4 showed best results in terms of assay and total impurities.
  • In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to a lyophilized formulation comprising (i) duloxetine, (ii) a bulking agent, (iii) an aqueous vehicle, (iv) a stabilizer and (v) other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to a lyophilized formulation comprising (i) duloxetine, (ii) a bulking agent (iii) an aqueous vehicle, (iv) a stabilizer, (v) one or more pH adjusting agents and (vi) other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to a lyophilized formulation comprising (i) duloxetine, (ii) a bulking agent (iii) an aqueous vehicle, (iv) a stabilizer, (v) one or more surfactants and (vi) other pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • The lyophilized formulation of the present invention has less than 0.5% w/w of each of the following impurities: duloxetine 4-napthyl isomer ((4-[3-(Methylamino)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)propyl]naphthalen-1-ol), alpha napthol ((Naphthalen-1-01)), duloxetine beta napthol-1-yl isomer ((2-[3-(Methylamino)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)propyl]naphthalen-1-01)). More specifically the above said impurities are less than 0.3% w/w each, even after 6 months of storage under accelerated conditions.
  • The stabilizer in the formulation can be selected from one or more of DOTA, DTPA, EDTA and the like. The quantity of the stabilizer can be from 0.001% w/w to 10% w/w.
  • The one or more pH adjusting agents can be selected from the group comprising sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, mineral acids, carboxylic acids and salts thereof.
  • The surfactants may be selected from the group comprising lecithin, soya lecithin, egg lecithin, PEG-PE, phosphatidyl choline, etc
  • In yet another embodiment, the invention relates to a kit comprising lyophilized formulation of duloxetine supplied together with a diluent. The diluent supplied in the kit can be selected from water for injection, dextrose solution, normal saline, mannitol solution, dextrose normal saline solution (DNS), half saline solution (with a concentration of sodium chloride at 0.45% w/v), dextrose 5%, Normal saline with Arginine (pH 10.07), Ringer Lactate solution.
  • The lyophilized formulation of the present invention can be reconstituted with the diluent solution described above. It can be administered directly after reconstitution or may further be diluted with any of the physiologically acceptable solutions at the time of administration.
  • The lyophilized samples prepared as per the invention were reconstituted with water and normal saline.
  • TABLE 3
    Reconstitution studies of duloxetine lyophilized samples
    Batch Reconstituted media Initial pH Observation
    1A Water 4.55 Clear solution
    1B 5.56 Clear solution
    1C 6.22 Clear solution
    1D 4.64 Clear solution
    1E  5.43 Clear solution
    1F  6.11 Clear solution
    1G 4.62 Clear solution
     1 H 5.17 Clear solution
    1I  6.02 Clear solution
    1A 0.9% Sodium 4.51 Clear solution
    1B chloride 5.52 Clear solution
    1C 6.14 Clear solution
    1D 4.63 Clear solution
    1E  5.43 Clear solution
    1F  6.13 Clear solution
    1G 4.6 Slightly hazy
     1 H 5.09 Clear solution
    1I  6.07 Clear solution
    316A  0.45% Sodium 6.12 Clear solution
    Chloride
    316A  Dextrose 5% 5.97 Clear solution
    316A  Dextrose Normal 5.77 Clear solution
    Saline
    316A  Normal saline with 7.24 Clear solution
    Arginine (pH 10.07)
    316A  Ringer Lactate 6.30 Clear solution
  • The formulations were observed to be clear upon reconstitution with water, 0.9% Sodium chloride, 0.45% Sodium Chloride, Dextrose 5% Dextrose Normal Saline Normal saline with Arginine (pH 10.07) Ringer Lactate.
  • All the formulations showed satisfactory description and desired pH range.
  • Manufacturing Process
  • The subject-matter of the present invention further relates to a process for preparing the lyophilized formulation and the kit. The process comprises the steps of:
  • (i) mixing the following components (in any suitable order): duloxetine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvates thereof; an aqueous vehicle; one or more bulking agents; optionally one or more stabilizers; and optionally one or more pH adjusting agents; to provide for an aqueous preparation, wherein duloxetine has a concentration of 1 to 20% w/v, based on the aqueous preparation;
  • (ii) lyophilizing the aqueous preparation to provide for the lyophilized formulation in solid form; and optionally
  • (iii) preparing the diluent and filling in suitable containers or vials; and optionally
  • (iv) providing the lyophilized formulation and diluent in the form of a kit.
  • The aqueous preparation may be a suspension/dispersion or solution. The lyophilization step may be carried out in vials, blisters or in any other larger vessel, such as stainless-steel trays or tanks, called “bulk lyophilization”.
  • The bulk solution prepared in step (i) was evaluated for stability. The data is tabulated below. Stability of bulk solution is important to ensure a quality product even in the case unforeseen prolonged process times. Various concentrations of the drug i.e 10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml and 30 mg/ml were studied in different pH ranges. The formulations were prepared as per the details of example 1.
  • Stability data of bulk solution up to 24 h.
  • TABLE 4A
    Stability of bulk solution at a concentration of 10 mg/ml
    B. NO
    1A 1B 1C
    Condition
    24 h 24 h 24 h 24 h 24 h 24 h
    Initial 2-8° C. 25° C. Initial 2-8° C. 25° C. Initial 2-8° C. 25° C.
    Description
    Clear and Colourless Solution
    Assay (%)
    Related substances 101.9 101.9 102.0 103.4 101.4 102.0 102.4 101.9 102.4
    Impurity Name % w/w
    Duloxetine Alcohol 0.01 0.01 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND
    Duloxetine Napthol 4-yl 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02
    isomer
    Alpha Napthol 0.03 0.03 0.12 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01
    Duloxetine Beta napthol- 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.02
    1-yl isomer
    Duloxetine Related 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.04
    Compound-F
    Total Impurities (%) 0.13 0.13 0.33 0.09 0.09 0.15 0.09 0.09 0.09
  • TABLE 4B
    Stability of bulk solution at a concentration of 20 mg/ml
    B. NO
    1D 1E 1F
    Condition
    24 h 24 h 24 h 24 h 24 h 24 h
    Initial 2-8° C. 25° C. Initial 2-8° C. 25° C. Initial 2-8° C. 25° C.
    Description
    Clear and Colourless Solution
    Assay (%)
    Related substances 102.1 101.4 101.8 103.2 101.2 102.1 102.7 101.2 102.0
    Impurity Name % w/w
    Duloxetine Alcohol 0.01 0.01 0.03 ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND
    Duloxetine Napthol 4- 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.02
    yl isomer
    Alpha Napthol 0.05 0.04 0.18 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.01
    Duloxetine Beta 0.02 0.02 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.03
    napthol-1-yl isomer
    Duloxetine Related 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
    Compound-F
    Total Impurities (%) 0.16 0.15 0.46 0.10 0.11 0.21 0.09 0.09 0.12
  • TABLE 4C
    Stability of bulk solution at a concentration of 30 mg/ml
    B. NO
    1G 1H 1I
    Condition
    24 h 24 h 24 h 24 h 24 h 24 h
    Initial 2-8° C. 25° C. Initial 2-8° C. 25° C. Initial 2-8° C. 25° C.
    Description
    Clear and Colourless Solution
    Assay (%)
    Related substances 101.4 101.7 101.9 101.6 101.4 103.0 101.1 101.3 102.0
    Impurity Name % w/w
    Duloxetine ND 0.01 0.03 ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND
    Alcohol
    Duloxetine 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02
    Napthol 4-yl
    isomer
    Alpha Napthol 0.03 0.03 0.16 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.02
    Duloxetine Beta 0.01 0.02 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.03
    napthol-1-yl
    isomer
    Duloxetine Related 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
    Compound-F
    Total Impurities 0.12 0.14 0.42 0.09 0.09 0.19 0.09 0.09 0.13
    (%)
  • It is evident from the data above that the stability of bulk solution is satisfactory across the pH ranges of 4.5, 5.5 and 6.4 at temperatures of 2-8° c. and 25° c. There is practically no loss in the percentage of drug after 24 hours and no increase in impurities.
  • In Vitro Ex In-Vivo Permeability Study
  • For administration of drug through intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, inhalation, and intranasal routes of administration, permeability of drug from the formulation plays a significant role. Thus various formulations were evaluated for permeability flux rate of Duloxetine using invitro ex-vivo rat intestine.
  • Details of in-vitro and ex-vivo Permeation Study:
  • a. Experimental Setup:
  • 1. Permeability Barrier setup (intestine preparation):
  • Wistar Rats of Body weight of 300 (+25) grams were selected and fasted overnight for 12 hours before sacrificing. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and intestinal segments (jejunum portion) were isolated. The isolated intestine segments were washed with Ringer lactate solution then stored in aerated Ringer solution till usage. 20 cms of intestine segment was selected to fill 2 mL of the sample. Both the ends of the segments were tied with cotton thread ensuring no leakage from the surface and subjected for diffusion study for determining permeability.
  • 2. Sample Preparation:
  • The formulation of examples of 8A, 16, 17, 6 and 18 were diluted to get concentration of 5 mg/mL of duloxetine in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. 2 mL of each solution was taken in separate.
  • Wherein above examples contain: (Example 8A; soya lecithin), (Example 16; Egg Lecithin), (Example 17: HPBCD), (Example 6: PEGPE) and Duloxetine API—(Example 18))
  • 3. Experimental Condition and Permeability evaluation:
  • Diffusion study was performed by placing the intestine segments in 50 mL of oxygenated 6.8 pH phosphate buffer at 37±0.5° C. temperature under rotary shaking at 50 rpm. The intestine acts as donor chamber and diffusion media acts as receptor chamber from which aliquot samples were collected at predefined time points.
  • 4. Sample Collection:
  • The sample were collected at 15 mins, 30 mins, 45 mins, 1 Hrs, 2 Hrs, 3 Hrs, 6 Hrs, 12 Hrs, 24 Hrs and 48 Hrs. At each time point 1 mL of the sample was collected from the diffusion phase and replaced with equal volume of phosphate buffer of temperature 37±0.5° C. temperature. The samples were analysed using HPLC method for Duloxetine content.
  • b. Data Evaluation:
  • The samples collected at each time point were analysed for diffused drug content by HPLC method. The flux rates were calculated from slope of a trend-line plotted by taking cumulative amount drug release form unit surface area (i.e. mcg/cm2) against time (h). The flux rates were calculated using the following equation
  • (1):

  • J=m/At  Equation (1)
  • Where:
  • J=is the Flux of compound “m” moving through a cross-sectional area “A” during time “t”
  • TABLE 5
    Study summary
    Flux rate
    Drug conc. in the calculated
    Sample ID/ Description of intestinal sac/ (mcg/cm2) at
    S. No Details sample Volume 15th minute Remarks
    1 Duloxetine API Drug dissolved in 2 mL of 5 mg/mL 16.24 Control: API in pH
    in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution (10 mg of mcg/cm2 6.8 Phosphate
    Phosphate buffer without any Drug in Sac) Buffer
    excipients
    2 Duloxetine Lyophilized 2 mL of 5 mg/mL 48.21 Permeability
    formulation with duloxetine solution (10 mg of improved > 3 folds
    Soy lecithin formulation with Soy Drug in Sac) over API in buffer
    lecithin
    3 Duloxetine Lyophilized 2 mL of 5 mg/mL 54.04 Permeability
    formulation with duloxetine solution (10 mg of improved > 3 folds
    Egg lecithin formulation with Drug in Sac) over API in buffer
    Egg lecithin
    4 Duloxetine Lyophilized 2 mL of 5 mg/mL 38.93 Permeability
    formulation with duloxetine solution (10 mg of improved > 2 folds
    HPBCD formulation with Drug in Sac) over API in buffer
    HPBCD
    5 Duloxetine Lyophilized 2 mL of 5 mg/mL 37.80 Permeability
    formulation with duloxetine solution (10 mg of improved > 2 folds
    PEG-PE formulation with Drug in Sac) over API in buffer
    PEGPE
  • Accompanying FIG. number 1 illustrates Permeability of various formulations evaluated using Rat Intestine at 15 minutes time (mcg/cm2). The permeability flux rate of duloxetine formulation containing Lecithin's or PEG-PE or Cyclodextrin was found to be increased by 2-3 folds than compared to flux rates of drug solution that does not have any of these excipients.
  • Duloxetine Combination Formulations
  • American Pain Society guidelines on management of acute pain and Chronic Non-cancer pain suggests “multimodal analgesia” or “balanced analgesia” for the treatment of postoperative pain management. Multimodal or Balanced Analgesia includes involves the use of more than one method or modality of controlling pain (e.g., drugs from two or more classes, drug plus nondrug treatment) to obtain additive beneficial effects, reduce side effects, or both.
  • Nearly 50% of the patients who visit hospitals due to pain related illness suffer from acute neuropathic pain, chronic neuropathic pain, post amputation pain, cancer surgeries, post traumatic limb pain and neuropathic pain due to trauma. It would be advantageous to have a parenteral formulation with a combination of another active ingredient like paracetamol or diclofenac or the like with duloxetine that would address the treatment need in such patients. For painful phases of chronic pain management, a short duration of parenteral product usage for quick response s very much desired.
  • In yet another embodiment, the invention also encompasses an injection formulation comprising (i) duloxetine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and (ii) a second active ingredient, selected from the group comprising paracetamol, diclofenac, gabapentin, pregabalin, dexamethasone, lidocaine, melatonin etc.
  • The following Examples are intended to illustrate the present invention and are not to be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.
    • Example 1
  • Quantity % w/v
    S. No Ingredients 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1 F 1 G 1 H 1 I
    1. Duloxetine 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
    Hydrochloride
    2. Mannitol 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
    3. DOTA* 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02
    4. 5.0N Sodium 0.02 0.46 0.60 0.19 0.84 1.06 0.96 1.06 1.14
    hydroxide Solution
    5. Acetate buffer 84.9 84.5 84.3 84.7 84.1 83.92 84.02 83.9 83.8
    (10 mg/mL)
    pH 4.5 5.5 6.4 4.5 5.5 6.4 4.5 5.5 6.4
    *DOTA—Dodecane tetra acetic acid
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. 80% of required quantity of vehicle for batch is taken in a vessel.
  • 2. Duloxetine was transferred to the above vessel and dissolved by stirring at 400 rpm till the solution turned clear.
  • 3. Mannitol was added to the above drug solution and stirred for 3 minutes till the solution becomes clear.
  • 4. To the above solution, DOTA is added and stirred well for 1 minute till the solution turned clear.
  • 5. The pH of the bulk solution is adjusted by using 5.0N Sodium hydroxide solution.
  • 6. The final volume of the above solution is adjusted with remaining quantity of water for Injection.
  • 7. The bulk solution is filled into vials and lyophilized.
    • Example 2
  • S. No Ingredients Qty/vial (mg) Qty % w/v
    1. Duloxetine Hydrochloride 56.30 3.75
    2. Dextrose monohydrate 50.00 3.33
    3. DOTA* 0.30 0.02
    4. 0.1N Sodium hydroxide Solution 0.003 0.0002
    5. Glycine solution (0.5 mg/mL) Q.s 1393.40 92.89
    *DOTA—Dodecane tetra acetic acid
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. 80% of required quantity of vehicle for batch is taken in a vessel.
  • 2. Duloxetine was transferred to the above vessel and dissolved by stirring at 400 rpm till the solution turned clear.
  • 3. Dextrose monohydrate was added to the above drug solution and stirred for 3 minutes till the solution becomes clear.
  • 4. To the above solution, DOTA is added and stirred well for 1 minute till the solution turned clear.
  • 5. The pH of the bulk solution is adjusted to 5.5 by using 0.1 N Sodium hydroxide Solution.
  • 6. The final volume of the above solution is adjusted with remaining quantity of water for Injection.
  • 7. The bulk solution is filled into vials and lyophilized.
    • Example 3
  • Example 3A Example 3B Example 3C
    Qty/ Qty Qty/ Qty Qty/ Qty
    vial % Vial % vial %
    S. No Ingredients (mg) w/v (mg) w/v (mg) w/v
    1. Duloxetine 30.0 4.0 60.0 4.0 90.0 4.0
    Hydrochloride
    2. Mannitol 60.0 8.0 120.0 8.0 180.0 8.0
    3. DOTA* 0.15 0.02 0.3 0.02 0.45 0.02
    4. 5N Sodium 6.78 0.9 13.5 0.9 20.3 0.9
    hydroxide
    Solution
    5. Acetate buffer Q.s to 87.08 Q.s to 87.08 Q.s to 87.08
    (20 mg/mL) 0.75 mL 1.5 mL 2.25 mL
    *DOTA—Dodecane tetra acetic acid
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. 80% of required total batch quantity of vehicle was dispensed and taken in a vessel.
  • 2. Dispensed quantity of API was transferred to the above vessel and dissolved by stirring at 400 rpm till the solution turned clear.
  • 3. Dispensed quantity of Mannitol was added to the above drug solution and stirred for 3 minutes till the solution become clear.
  • 4. To the above solution dispensed quantity of stabilizer (DOTA) was added and stirred well for 1 minute till the solution turned clear.
  • 5. The pH of the bulk solution was adjusted to 5.5 by using 5N Sodium hydroxide solution.
  • 6. Final volume of the above solution was adjusted with remaining quantity of Vehicle.
  • The formulations were studied for stability.
  • Stability Study of Duloxetine Formulations
  • TABLE 6A
    Stability study of duloxetine formulation at 30 mg concentration
    B. NO
    3A
    Condition
    Initial 4 W-2-8° C. 4 W-25° C. 4 W-30° C. 4 W-40° C.
    Strength
    30 mg/vial
    Description
    White Lyophilized Powder
    Impurity Name % w/w
    Duloxetine Alcohol ND ND ND ND 0.01
    Duloxetine Napthol 4-yl isomer 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03
    Alpha Napthol 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03
    Duloxetine Beta napthol-1-yl 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.06
    isomer
    Total Impurities (%) 0.11 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.53
    Assay 103.6 101.8 101.9 101.3 101.9
    Water Content (mg/Vial) 4.6 4.6 6.2 14.1 7.7
    Note:
    ND—Not determined,
    W—Week
  • TABLE 6B
    Stability study of duloxetine formulation at 60 mg concentration
    B. NO
    3B
    Condition
    Initial 4 W-2-8° C. 4 W-25° C. 4 W-30° C. 4 W-40° C.
    Strength
    60 mg/vial
    Description
    White Lyophilized Powder
    Impurity Name % w/w
    Duloxetine Alcohol ND ND ND 0.01 0.01
    Duloxetine Napthol 4-yl isomer 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.10
    Alpha Napthol 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.07
    Duloxetine Beta napthol-1-yl 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.28
    isomer
    Total Impurities (%) 0.11 0.09 0.13 0.53 1.66
    Assay 102.9 102.0 101.9 100.6 96.8
    Water Content (mg/Vial) 9.1 8.4 11.7 10.6 10.7
    Note:
    ND—Not determined,
    W—Week
  • TABLE 6C
    Stability study of duloxetine formulation at 90 mg concentration
    B. NO
    3C
    Condition
    Initial 4 W-2-8° C. 4 W-25° C. 4 W-30° C. 4 W-40° C.
    Strength
    90 mg/vial
    Description
    White Lyophilized Powder
    Impurity Name % w/w
    Duloxetine Alcohol ND ND ND ND 0.01
    Duloxetine Napthol 4-yl isomer 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03
    Alpha Napthol 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03
    Duloxetine Beta napthol-1-yl 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.07
    isomer
    Total Impurities (%) 0.11 0.09 0.13 0.17 0.54
    Assay 100.8 100.0 101.8 99.7 101.4
    Water Content (mg/Vial) 12.5 10.8 6.2 14.1 18.5
    Note:
    ND—Not determined,
    W—Week
    • Example 4
  • Qty/vial Qty
    S. No Ingredients (mg) % w/v
    1. Duloxetine Hydrochloride 60.00 4.00
    2. Mannitol 120.00 8.00
    3. DOTA 0.30 0.02
    4. Acetic acid 10.00 0.67
    5. 5N Sodium hydroxide Solution 3.00 0.20
    6. Glycine solution (10 mg/mL) Q.s Q.s 1.5 mL 87.11
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. 80% of required total batch quantity of glycine solution was dispensed and taken in a vessel.
  • 2. Dispensed quantity of API was transferred to the above vessel and dissolved by stirring at 400 rpm till the solution turned clear.
  • 3. Dispensed quantity of Mannitol was added to the above drug solution and stirred for 3 minutes till the solution become clear.
  • 4. To the above solution dispensed quantity of stabilizer (DOTA/Acetic acid) was added and stirred well for 1 minute till the solution turned clear.
  • 5. The pH of the bulk solution was adjusted to 5.5 by using 5N Sodium hydroxide solution.
  • 6. The bulk solution was lyophilized after filling into vials
    • Example 5
  • Qty/vial Quantity
    S. No Ingredients (mg) % w/v
    1. Duloxetine Hydrochloride 60.00 4.00
    2. Mannitol 120.00 8.00
    3. DOTA 0.30 0.02
    4. Acetic acid 10.00 0.67
    5. 5N Sodium hydroxide Solution 3.00 0.20
    6. Serine solution (10 mg/mL) Q.s 1.5 mL 87.94
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. 80% of required total batch quantity of Serine solution was dispensed and taken in a vessel.
  • 2. Dispensed quantity of API was transferred to the above vessel and dissolved by stirring at 400 rpm till the solution turned clear.
  • 3. Dispensed quantity of Mannitol was added to the above drug solution and stirred for 3 minutes till the solution become clear.
  • 4. To the above solution dispensed quantity of stabilizer (DOTA/Acetic acid) was added and stirred well for 1 minute till the solution turned clear.
  • 5. The pH of the bulk solution was adjusted to 5.5 by using 5N Sodium hydroxide solution.
  • 6. The bulk solution was lyophilized after filling into vials.
    • Example 6
  • Qty Qty Qty
    S. No Ingredients (mg/mL) % w/v % w/w
    1. Duloxetine Hydrochloride 30.0 3 31.40
    2. Mannitol 45.0 4.5 47.10
    3. EDTA 0.2 0.02 0.20
    4. Lipoid PE 18:0/18:0-PEG- 10.0 1.0 10.46
    2000
    5. L-Histidine Q.s to Q.s to 0.34
    pH 6.0 pH 6.0
    6. 1% Glycine solution Q.s to 1 mL Q.s to 100% 10.46

    Note: pH of the formulation: 5.5-6.5
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. Preparation of 1% Glycine solution: Required quantity of ultrapure water was taken in a stainless steel vessel to which desired quantity of Glycine was added to get 1% w/v solution.
  • 2. Preparation of Bulk solution: 80% of glycine solution required was taken in a manufacturing vessel to which dispensed quantity of Lipoid PE 18:0/18:0-PEG-2000 was transferred and stirred for 15 minutes at 450 rpm to obtain a clear solution.
  • 3. To the above solution dispensed quantity of duloxetine was added and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm for obtaining a clear solution.
  • 4. Dispensed quantity of Mannitol was added to the above solution and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm to get a clear solution.
  • 5. Required quantity of EDTA was transferred to the manufacturing vessel and stirred for 15 minutes at 400 rpm to get clear solution.
  • 6. pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.0±0.1 using L-histidine.
  • 7. Final volume of the bulk solution was adjusted to desired level with remaining amount of 1% glycine solution.
  • 8. The bulk solution was lyophilized after filling into vials.
    • Example 7
  • Qty Qty Qty
    S. No Ingredients (mg/mL) % w/v % w/w
    1. Duloxetine Hydrochloride 30.00 3 30.864
    2. Mannitol 45.00 4.5 46.296
    3. EDTA 0.20 0.02 0.2058
    4. Lipoid PE 18:0/18:0-PEG- 10.00 1.00 10.288
    2000
    5. Di-sodium succinic acid Q.s to Q.s to 2.0576
    pH 6.0 pH 6.0
    6. 1% Glycine solution Q.s to 1 mL Q.s to 100% 10.288

    Note: pH of the formulation: 5.5-6.5
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. Preparation of 1% Glycine solution: Required quantity of ultrapure water was taken in a stainless steel vessel to which desired quantity of Glycine was added to get 1% w/v solution.
  • 2. Preparation of Bulk solution: 80% of glycine solution required was taken in a manufacturing vessel to which dispensed quantity of Lipoid PE 18:0/18:0-PEG-2000 was transferred and stirred for 15 minutes at 450 rpm to obtain a clear solution.
  • 3. To the above solution dispensed quantity of duloxetine was added and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm for obtaining a clear solution.
  • 4. Dispensed quantity of Mannitol was added to the above solution and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm to get a clear solution.
  • 5. Required quantity of EDTA was transferred to the manufacturing vessel and stirred for 15 minutes at 400 rpm to get clear solution.
  • 6. pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.0±0.1 using disodium succinic acid.
  • 7. Final volume of the bulk solution was adjusted to desired level with remaining amount of 1% glycine solution.
  • 8. The bulk solution was lyophilized after filling into vials.
    • Example 8
  • Example 8A Example 8 B
    Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty
    S. No Ingredients (mg/mL) % w/v % w/w (mg/mL) % w/v % w/w
    1. Duloxetine 30.00 3.00 31.40 30.0 3.0 30.86
    Hydrochloride
    2. Mannitol 45.00 4.50 47.10 45.0 4.50 46.29
    3. EDTA 0.20 0.02 0.20 0.20 0.02 0.205
    4. Soy lecithin 10.00 1.00 10.468 10.0 1.00 10.28
    (Lipoid S 100)
    5. L-Histidine 0.32 0.03 0.34 — — —
    6. Disodium — — — 2.000 0.20 2.057
    Succinate
    7. 1% Glycine Q.s to Q.s to 10.46 Q.s to Q.s to 10.28
    solution 1 mL 100% 1 mL 100%

    Note: pH of the formulation: 5.5 to 6.5
  • Manufacturing Process
  • Example 8A Manufacturing Process:
  • 1. Preparation of 1% Glycine solution: Required quantity of ultrapure water was taken in a stainless steel vessel to which desired quantity of Glycine was added to get 1% w/v solution.
  • 2. Preparation of Bulk solution: 80% of glycine solution required was taken in a manufacturing vessel to which dispensed quantity of Lipoid S 100 was transferred and stirred for 15 minutes at 450 rpm to obtain a clear solution.
  • 3. To the above solution dispensed quantity of duloxetine was added and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm for obtaining a clear solution.
  • 4. Dispensed quantity of Mannitol was added to the above solution and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm to get a clear solution.
  • 5. Required quantity of EDTA was transferred to the manufacturing vessel and stirred for 15 minutes at 400 rpm to get clear solution.
  • 6. pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.0±0.1 using L-histidine.
  • 7. Final volume of the bulk solution was adjusted to desired level with remaining amount of 1% glycine solution.
  • 8. The bulk solution was lyophilized after filling into vials.
  • Example 8B Manufacturing Process:
  • 1. Preparation of 1% Glycine solution: Required quantity of ultrapure water was taken in a stainless steel vessel to which desired quantity of Glycine was added to get 1% w/v solution.
  • 2. Preparation of Bulk solution: 80% of glycine solution required was taken in a manufacturing vessel to which dispensed quantity of Lipoid S 100 was transferred and stirred for 15 minutes at 450 rpm to obtain a clear solution.
  • 3. To the above solution dispensed quantity of duloxetine was added and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm for obtaining a clear solution.
  • 4. Dispensed quantity of Mannitol was added to the above solution and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm to get a clear solution.
  • 5. Required quantity of EDTA was transferred to the manufacturing vessel and stirred for 15 minutes at 400 rpm to get clear solution.
  • 6. pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.0±0.1 using disodium succinate.
  • 7. Final volume of the bulk solution was adjusted to desired level with remaining amount of 1% glycine solution.
  • 8. The bulk solution was lyophilized after filling into vials.
  • The formulation made as per the composition of 8A is tested for stability. The data at the end of 6 months is tabulated below. The data clearly shows that each individual impurity is less than 0.5% even at accelerated conditions after 6 months.
  • TABLE 7
    Stability data of 8A formulation.
    Duloxetine Hydrochloride Injection
    Condition
    Initial 6 M-2-8° C. 6 M-25° C. 6 M-30° C. 6 M-40° C.
    Strength 30 mg/Vial
    1. Description White White White White Light Yellow
    lyophilized lyophilized lyophilized lyophilized color
    cake cake cake cake
    pH 6.26 6.07 5.99 5.93 5.26
    Water Content NA 0.4 0.9 0.5 1.3
    (mg/vial)
    2. Assay (%) 104.7 104.3 100.6 101.5 102.9
    3. Impurity Name
    Duloxetine Alcohol 0.00 ND ND ND 0.01
    Duloxetine 4- 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
    Napthyl isomer
    Alpha Napthol 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.06
    Duloxetine Beta 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
    napthol-1-yl isomer
    4. Total Impurities 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.40
    (%)
    • Example 9
  • Qty Qty Qty Qty
    S. No Ingredients (mg/5 mL) (mg/mL) % w/v % w/w
    1. Duloxetine 30.00 6.00 0.60 8.54
    Hydrochloride
    2. Pregabalin 75.0 15.0 1.50 21.35
    3. Mannitol 185 37 3.70 52.68
    4. EDTA 0.20 0.04 0.004 0.05
    5. Soy lecithin 10.0 2.00 0.20 2.84
    (Lipoid S 100)
    6. L-Histidine 0.96 0.19 0.019 0.27
    7. 1% Glycine Q.s to Q.s To Q.s to 14.23
    solution 5 mL 1 mL 100%

    Note: pH of the formulation: 5.5-7.5
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. Preparation of 1% Glycine solution: Required quantity of ultrapure water was taken in a stainless steel vessel to which desired quantity of Glycine was added to get 1% w/v solution.
  • 2. Preparation of Bulk solution: 80% of glycine solution required was taken in a manufacturing vessel to which dispensed quantity of Lipoid S 100 was transferred and stirred for 15 minutes at 450 rpm to obtain a clear solution.
  • 3. To the above solution dispensed quantity of duloxetine was added and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm for obtaining a clear solution, followed by addition of pregabalin and stirred well for 15 minutes at 400 rpm until a clear solution is obtained.
  • 4. Dispensed quantity of Mannitol was added to the above solution and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm to get a clear solution.
  • 5. Required quantity of EDTA was transferred to the manufacturing vessel and stirred for 15 minutes at 400 rpm to get clear solution.
  • 6. pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.5±0.1 using L-histidine.
  • 7. Final volume of the bulk solution was adjusted to desired level with remaining amount of 1% glycine solution.
  • 8. The bulk solution was lyophilized after filling into vials.
    • Example 10
  • Qty Qty Qty
    S. No Ingredients (mg/1 mL) % w/v % w/w
    1. Duloxetine 30.0 3.0 15.34
    Hydrochloride
    2. Gabapentin 100.0 10.0 51.14
    3. Mannitol 45.00 4.50 23.01
    4. EDTA 0.20 0.02 0.10
    5. Soy lecithin 10.00 1.00 5.11
    (Lipoid S 100)
    6. L-Histidine 0.32 0.033 0.16
    7. 1% Glycine solution Q.s to 1 mL Q.s to 100% 5.11

    Note: pH of the formulation: 5.5-7.0
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. Preparation of 1% Glycine solution: Required quantity of ultrapure water was taken in a stainless steel vessel to which desired quantity of Glycine was added to get 1% w/v solution.
  • 2. Preparation of Bulk solution: 80% of glycine solution required was taken in a manufacturing vessel to which dispensed quantity of Lipoid S 100 was transferred and stirred for 15 minutes at 450 rpm to obtain a clear solution.
  • 3. To the above solution dispensed quantity of duloxetine was added and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm for obtaining a clear solution, followed by addition of gabapentin and stirred well for 15 minutes at 400 rpm until a clear solution is obtained.
  • 4. Dispensed quantity of Mannitol was added to the above solution and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm to get a clear solution.
  • 5. Required quantity of EDTA was transferred to the manufacturing vessel and stirred for 15 minutes at 400 rpm to get clear solution.
  • 6. pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.5±0.1 using L-histidine.
  • 7. Final volume of the bulk solution was adjusted to desired level with remaining amount of 1% glycine solution.
  • 8. The bulk solution was lyophilized after filling into vials.
    • Example 11
  • Example 11A Example 11B
    Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty Qty
    (mg/ (mg/ % % (mg/ (mg/ % %
    S. No Ingredients 20 mL) mL) w/v w/w 20 mL) mL) w/v w/w
    1. Duloxetine 30.00 1.50 0.30 2.66 30.00 1.50 0.30 3.22
    Hydrochloride
    2. Dexamethasone 8.00 0.40 0.08 0.711 12.00 0.60 0.12 1.29
    sodium
    phosphate
    3. Mannitol 875.00 43.75 4.37 77.74 875.00 43.75 4.37 94.10
    4. EDTA 0.20 0.01 0.002 0.017 0.20 0.01 0.002 0.021
    5. Soy lecithin 10.00 0.50 0.10 0.88 10.0 0.50 0.10 1.075
    (Lipoid S 100)
    6. L-Histidine 2.36 0.118 0.011 0.20 2.59 0.12 0.012 0.27
    7. 1% Glycine Q.s to Q.s. to Q.s to 17.768 Q.s to Q.s. to Q.s to 3.22
    solution 20 mL 1 mL 100% 10 mL 1 mL 100%

    Note: pH of the formulation: 7.5-8.5
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. Preparation of 1% Glycine solution: Required quantity of ultrapure water was taken in a stainless steel vessel to which desired quantity of Glycine was added to get 1% w/v solution.
  • 2. Preparation of Bulk solution: 80% of glycine solution required was taken in a manufacturing vessel to which dispensed quantity of Lipoid S 100 was transferred and stirred for 15 minutes at 450 rpm to obtain a clear solution.
  • 3. To the above solution dispensed quantity of duloxetine was added and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm for obtaining a clear solution, followed by addition of dexamethasone sodium phosphate and stirred well for 45 minutes at 400 rpm until a clear solution is obtained.
  • 4. Dispensed quantity of Mannitol was added to the above solution and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm to get a clear solution.
  • 5. Required quantity of EDTA was transferred to the manufacturing vessel and stirred for 15 minutes at 400 rpm to get clear solution.
  • 6. pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 7.8±0.1 using L-histidine.
  • 7. Final volume of the bulk solution was adjusted to desired level with remaining amount of 1% glycine solution.
  • 8. The bulk solution was lyophilized after filling into vials.
    • Example 12
  • Qty Qty Qty Qty
    S. No Ingredients (mg/25 mL) (mg/mL) % w/v % w/w
    1. Duloxetine 30.00 1.20 0.12 2.39
    Hydrochloride
    2. Diclofenac 37.50 1.50 0.15 2.99
    Sodium
    3. Mannitol 920.00 36.80 3.68 73.36
    4. EDTA 0.20 0.01 0.001 0.019
    5. Soy lecithin 10.00 0.40 0.04 0.79
    (Lipoid S 100)
    6. L-Histidine 6.24 0.24 0.024 0.49
    7. 1% Glycine Q.s to Q.s. to Q.s to 19.936
    solution 25 mL 1 mL 100%

    Note: pH of the formulation: 5.5-7.5
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. Preparation of 1% Glycine solution: Required quantity of ultrapure water was taken in a stainless steel vessel to which desired quantity of Glycine was added to get 1% w/v solution.
  • 2. Preparation of Bulk solution: 80% of glycine solution required was taken in a manufacturing vessel to which dispensed quantity of Lipoid S 100 was transferred and stirred for 15 minutes at 450 rpm to obtain a clear solution.
  • 3. To the above solution dispensed quantity of duloxetine was added and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm for obtaining a clear solution, followed by addition of Diclofenac Sodium and stirred well for 45 minutes at 400 rpm until a clear solution is obtained.
  • 4. Dispensed quantity of Mannitol was added to the above solution and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm to get a clear solution.
  • 5. Required quantity of EDTA was transferred to the manufacturing vessel and stirred for 15 minutes at 400 rpm to get clear solution.
  • 6. pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.5±0.1 using L-histidine.
  • 7. Final volume of the bulk solution was adjusted to desired level with remaining amount of 1% glycine solution.
  • 8. The bulk solution was lyophilized after filling into vials.
    • Example 13
  • Qty Qty Qty Qty
    S. No Ingredients (mg/50 mL) (mg/mL) % w/v % w/w
    1. Duloxetine 30.00 0.60 0.060 1.0375
    Hydrochloride
    2. Paracetamol 500.00 10.00 1.000 17.291
    3. Mannitol 1835.00 36.70 3.670 63.46
    4. EDTA 0.20 0.00 0.000 0.0069
    5. Soy lecithin 10.00 0.20 0.020 0.346
    (Lipoid S 100)
    6. L-Histidine 16.4 0.328 0.0328 0.567
    7. 1% Glycine Q.s to Q.s. to Q.s to 100% 17.29
    solution 50 mL 1 mL

    Note: pH of the formulation: 5.5-6.5
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. Preparation of 1% Glycine solution: Required quantity of ultrapure water was taken in a stainless steel vessel to which desired quantity of Glycine was added to get 1% w/v solution.
  • 2. Preparation of Bulk solution: 80% of glycine solution required was taken in a manufacturing vessel to which dispensed quantity of Lipoid S 100 was transferred and stirred for 15 minutes at 450 rpm to obtain a clear solution.
  • 3. To the above solution dispensed quantity of duloxetine was added and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm for obtaining a clear solution, followed by addition of paracetamol and stirred well for 60 minutes at 400 rpm until a clear solution is obtained.
  • 4. Dispensed quantity of Mannitol was added to the above solution and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm to get a clear solution.
  • 5. Required quantity of EDTA was transferred to the manufacturing vessel and stirred for 15 minutes at 400 rpm to get clear solution.
  • 6. pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.0±0.1 using L-histidine.
  • 7. Final volume of the bulk solution was adjusted to desired level with remaining amount of 1% glycine solution.
  • 8. The bulk solution was lyophilized after filling into vials.
    • Example 14
  • Qty Qty Qty
    S. No Ingredients (mg/mL) % w/v (w/w)
    1. Duloxetine 30.00 3 15.343
    Hydrochloride
    2. Lidocaine HCl 100.00 10 51.143
    3. Mannitol 45.00 4.5 23.015
    4. EDTA 0.20 0.02 0.1023
    5. Lipoid PE 18:0/ 10.00 1.00 5.1144
    18:0-PEG-2000
    6. L-Histidine Q.s to pH 6.0 Q.s to pH 6.0 0.168
    7. 1% Glycine Q.s to 1 mL Q.s to 100% 5.12
    solution

    Note: pH of the formulation: 5.5-6.5
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. Preparation of 1% Glycine solution: Required quantity of ultrapure water was taken in a stainless steel vessel to which desired quantity of Glycine was added to get 1% w/v solution.
  • 2. Preparation of Bulk solution: 80% of glycine solution required was taken in a manufacturing vessel to which dispensed quantity of Lipoid PE 18:0/18:0-PEG-2000 was transferred and stirred for 15 minutes at 450 rpm to obtain a clear solution.
  • 3. To the above solution dispensed quantity of duloxetine was added and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm for obtaining a clear solution, followed by addition of lidocaine hydrochloride and stirred well for 30 minutes at 400 rpm until a clear solution is obtained.
  • 4. Dispensed quantity of Mannitol was added to the above solution and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm to get a clear solution.
  • 5. Required quantity of EDTA was transferred to the manufacturing vessel and stirred for 15 minutes at 400 rpm to get clear solution.
  • 6. pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.0±0.1 using L-histidine.
  • 7. Final volume of the bulk solution was adjusted to desired level with remaining amount of 1% glycine solution.
  • 8. The bulk solution was lyophilized after filling into vials.
    • Example 15
  • Qty Qty Qty
    S. No Ingredients (mg/mL) % w/v % w/w
    1. Duloxetine 30.00 3 15.21
    Hydrochloride
    2. Lidocaine HCl 100.0 10 50.71
    3. Mannitol 45.0 4.5 22.8
    4. EDTA 0.20 0.02 0.10
    5. Lipoid PE 18:0/ 10.0 1.0 5.07
    18:0-PEG-2000
    6. Di-sodium succinic Q.s to pH 6.0 Q.s to pH 6.0 1.01
    acid
    7. 1% Glycine Q.s to 1 mL Q.s to 100% 5.07
    solution

    Note: pH of the formulation: 5.5-6.5
  • Manufacturing Procedure
  • 1. Preparation of 1% Glycine solution: Required quantity of ultrapure water was taken in a stainless steel vessel to which desired quantity of Glycine was added to get 1% w/v solution.
  • 2. Preparation of Bulk solution: 80% of glycine solution required was taken in a manufacturing vessel to which dispensed quantity of Lipoid PE 18:0/18:0-PEG-2000 was transferred and stirred for 15 minutes at 450 rpm to obtain a clear solution.
  • 3. To the above solution dispensed quantity of duloxetine was added and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm for obtaining a clear solution, followed by addition of Lidocaine hydrochloride and stirred well for 30 minutes at 400 rpm until a clear solution is obtained.
  • 4. Dispensed quantity of Mannitol was added to the above solution and stirred for 30 minutes at 400 rpm to get a clear solution.
  • 5. Required quantity of EDTA was transferred to the manufacturing vessel and stirred for 15 minutes at 400 rpm to get clear solution.
  • 6. pH of the above bulk solution was adjusted to pH 6.0±0.1 using disodium succinic acid.
  • 7. Final volume of the bulk solution was adjusted to desired level with remaining amount of 1% glycine solution.
  • 8. The bulk solution was lyophilized after filling into vials.
    • Example 16
  • Qty Qty Qty
    S. No Ingredients (mg/mL) % w/v % w/w
    1. Duloxetine 30.00 3.00 31.40
    Hydrochloride
    2. Mannitol 45.00 4.50 47.10
    3. EDTA 0.20 0.02 0.20
    4. Egg lecithin 10.00 1.00 10.46
    (Lipoid E80S)
    5. L-Histidine 0.32 0.03 0.34
    6. 1% Glycine Q.s to 1 mL Q.s to 100% 10.46
    solution
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. Preparation of 1% glycine solution: Required quantity of glycine was dissolved in required quantity of water.
  • 2. Preparation of Bulk solution: 80% of glycine solution required for the batch was taken in a manufacturing vessel to which required quantity of Lipoid E80S was transferred and stirred to obtain a clear solution.
  • 3. To the above solution required quantity of duloxetine was added and stirred to get clear solution.
  • 4. Required quantity of Mannitol was added to the above solution and stirred to get a clear solution.
  • 5. Required quantity of EDTA was transferred to the above solution and stirred to get clear solution.
  • 6. pH of the above bulk solution adjusted to pH 6.0±0.1 using L-histidine.
  • 7. Final volume of the bulk solution was adjusted with remaining amount of 1% glycine solution.
  • 8. The bulk solution was filtered and filled into vials and were then partially stoppered with single slotted lyo stopper and subjected for lyophilisation.
  • 9. After lyophilisation the vials were stoppered completely under vacuum and were sealed with aluminium tear off seals after unloading.
    • Example 17
  • Qty Qty Qty
    S. No Ingredients (mg/mL) % w/v % w/w
    1. Duloxetine 30.00 3.00 31.40
    Hydrochloride
    2. Mannitol 45.00 4.50 47.10
    3. EDTA 0.20 0.02 0.20
    4. HPBCD 10.00 1.00 10.46
    (Hydroxypropyl
    Beta cyclodextrin)
    5. L-Histidine 0.32 0.03 0.34
    6. 1% Glycine Q.s to 1 mL Q.s to 100% 10.46
    solution
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. Preparation of 1% glycine Solution: Required quantity of glycine was dissolved in required quantity of water.
  • 2. Preparation of Bulk Solution: 80% of glycine solution required for the batch was taken in a manufacturing vessel to which required quantity of HPBCD was transferred and stirred obtain a clear solution.
  • 3. To the above solution required quantity of duloxetine was added and stirred to get clear solution.
  • 4. Required quantity of Mannitol was added to the above solution and stirred to get a clear solution.
  • 5. Required quantity of EDTA was transferred to the above solution and stirred to get clear solution.
  • 6. pH of the above bulk solution adjusted to pH 6.0±0.1 using L-histidine.
  • 7. Final volume of the bulk solution was adjusted with remaining amount of 1% glycine solution.
  • 8. The bulk solution was filtered and filled into vials and were then partially stoppered with single slotted lyo stopper and subjected for lyophilisation.
  • 9. After lyophilisation the vials were stoppered completely under vacuum and were sealed with aluminium tear off seals after unloading.
    • Example 18: Compositions of Duloxetine API Solution Prepared in Phosphate Buffer pH 6.4 (Used as Control in the Study)
  • Qty Qty Qty
    S. No Material name (mg/mL) % w/v % w/w
    1. Duloxetine 30.00 3.00 2.94
    Hydrochloride
    2. Phosphate Buffer Q.s to 1 mL Q.s to 100% 97.06
    pH 6.8
  • Manufacturing Process
  • 1. 80% of Phosphate buffer pH 6.8 required for the batch was taken in a SS vessel.
  • 2. Required quantity of Duloxetine API was dispensed and transferred to the above vessel and dissolved with stirring for 10 minutes at 300 rpm.
  • 3. Ensuring the clarity of the solution the volume was adjusted with remaining amount of Phosphate buffer.

Claims (10)

What is claimed is:
1. A parenteral formulation comprising lyophilized duloxetine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally together with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
2. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the lyophilized cake is less than 5% w/w.
3. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the content of Duloxetine Alcohol, Duloxetine Napthol 4-yl isomer, Alpha Napthol and Duloxetine Beta napthol-1-yl isomer individually is less than 0.5% w/w.
4. The formulation of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable excipients are selected from the group comprising bulking agents, aqueous vehicle, stabilizers, and surfactants.
5. The formulation of claim 4, wherein the bulking agents are selected from mannitol, dextrose, cyclodextrin, sodium chloride and sorbitol.
6. The formulation of claim 4, wherein the aqueous vehicle is selected from one or more buffers selected from the group comprising acetate buffer, phosphate buffer, aspartic acid and boric acid buffer, citrate buffer and glycine buffer, histidine buffer, succinate buffer, alanine buffer, valine buffer, lactic acid buffer.
7. The formulation of claim 4, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group comprising lecithin, soya lecithin, egg lecithin, PEG-PE and phosphatidyl choline.
8. A kit comprising (i) a vial comprising lyophilized duloxetine, optionally with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and (ii) a vial comprising a diluent
9. The kit of claim 8 wherein the diluent is selected from the group comprising water for injection, dextrose solution, normal saline, mannitol solution, dextrose normal saline solution, half saline solution.
10. The kit of claim 8, wherein the pH of the reconstituted solution is between 4-8.
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