US20220280849A1 - Sports Training System and Method - Google Patents
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- US20220280849A1 US20220280849A1 US17/686,090 US202217686090A US2022280849A1 US 20220280849 A1 US20220280849 A1 US 20220280849A1 US 202217686090 A US202217686090 A US 202217686090A US 2022280849 A1 US2022280849 A1 US 2022280849A1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B63/00—Targets or goals for ball games
- A63B63/08—Targets or goals for ball games with substantially horizontal opening for ball, e.g. for basketball
- A63B63/083—Targets or goals for ball games with substantially horizontal opening for ball, e.g. for basketball for basketball
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B69/00—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports
- A63B69/0071—Training appliances or apparatus for special sports for basketball
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
- A63B71/06—Indicating or scoring devices for games or players, or for other sports activities
- A63B71/0619—Displays, user interfaces and indicating devices, specially adapted for sport equipment, e.g. display mounted on treadmills
- A63B71/0669—Score-keepers or score display devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
- A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
- A63B2024/0025—Tracking the path or location of one or more users, e.g. players of a game
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
- A63B24/0021—Tracking a path or terminating locations
- A63B2024/0028—Tracking the path of an object, e.g. a ball inside a soccer pitch
- A63B2024/0034—Tracking the path of an object, e.g. a ball inside a soccer pitch during flight
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
- A63B2220/50—Force related parameters
- A63B2220/51—Force
- A63B2220/53—Force of an impact, e.g. blow or punch
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
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- A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
- A63B2220/80—Special sensors, transducers or devices therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
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- A63B2225/093—Height
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
- A63B2225/50—Wireless data transmission, e.g. by radio transmitters or telemetry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
- A63B2225/74—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment with powered illuminating means, e.g. lights
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to the field of sports training systems.
- the sports training system and methods disclosed herein are used to rotate and position a basketball backboard, hoop, and net in order to allow the athlete to remain stationary and more efficiently practice shooting a basketball while the relative angle of the athlete to the backboard, hoop, and net changes. This can allow for athletic practice in a physically smaller space. Additionally, cameras and a plurality of other sensors are used with the present invention to allow for shot tracking and timing to enhance training while using the system. The data collected from these devices can be provided in both real time (to the athlete during training) and logged for trending. Disclosures include the mechanical implementation for precise rotation of the backboard, hoop, and net. Some embodiments disclose optional mounting infrastructure to hold a pivot mechanism.
- Disclosed embodiments show a mechanical implementation using a mechanical rotation mechanism that allows specific angular rotation of the backboard, hoop, and net. This mechanism can provide the ability to lock the backboard, hoop, and net into a fixed angular position when not rotating.
- An additional embodiment shows a mechanism that allows for motion along both a horizontal and vertical axis.
- Motion along the horizontal axis provides an additional means of changing the spatial relationship between the player and the hoop, without the player having to move.
- Motion along the vertical axis allows younger athletes, who may not have the strength to shoot the ball up to regulation height, to benefit from training at a lower height.
- Disclosed embodiments show visual feedback using lighting and displays embedded into the backboard—all visible to the athlete during training, without distraction from their primary area of focus.
- FIG. 1 is an illustration of a disclosed pivot mechanism.
- FIG. 2 is an illustration of spatial relationships in basketball training.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a process for athletic training using a sports training system with adjustable hardware in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a “Scenario A” training configuration with a pivot mechanism having 0° rotation in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a “Scenario B” training configuration with the pivot mechanism rotating the basketball backboard, hoop, and net counterclockwise to simulate a left-of-center training position for the athlete.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a “Scenario C” training configuration with the pivot mechanism rotating the basketball backboard, hoop, and net clockwise to simulate a right-of-center training position for the athlete.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of the pivot mechanism in accordance with the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a backboard mechanism with embedded lighting, displays, and sensor in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a camera-enhanced athletic training space in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 illustrates training configurations in “Scenarios A, D, and E” and the spatial effects caused by lateral motion of the basketball backboard, hoop, and net in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a front view of a linear motion mechanism with respective directions of motion in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a back view of a linear motion mechanism with respective directions of motion in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of a sports training system 100 , and shows how a pivot mechanism 102 , is superiorly connected to a mounting infrastructure 101 , and inferiorly connected to a shaft 104 , in such a way that a large portion of each of the two structures lies substantially above and below the pivot mechanism 102 , respectively.
- the shaft 104 is fixed in its lower region to the goal structure 110 , which further comprises backboard 105 , with hoop 106 and attached net 107 .
- the pivot mechanism 102 provides a means of precise rotation for the shaft 104 which in turn rotates, or “pivots”, the connected goal structure 110 , as indicated by rotational arrows 190 .
- a ball sensor 103 provides input to the sports training system 100 for detection of shot attempts and completions.
- this sensor 103 may utilize an enhanced camera, while also employing a plurality of detection components in order to gather more data regarding the physics of the ball in motion, including velocity, trajectory, force/impact, spin, and other useful data.
- the system 100 can gather and process the data in real-time, yielding continuous training feedback for athletes and coaches, who can then note trends and patterns and diagnose problem areas in training and overall player performance.
- FIG. 2 shows the current state of basketball practice and training on a standard court 250 .
- Three scenarios help to demonstrate the spatial relationship between an athlete and the goal structure 210 with backboard 205 and hoop 206 .
- the athlete assumes a different training position on the court 250 , including a central position 256 , a left-of-center position 257 , and a right-of-center position 258 , wherein the athlete faces the goal structure 210 at a different angle.
- the athlete stands at the same shooting distance from the goal structure 210 , as indicated by distance lines X.
- a central position 256 the athlete faces the goal structure 210 directly, for a frontal view of the backboard 205 .
- the athlete must be displaced from the central position 256 by some distance, indicated by distance lines Y, in order to shoot the basketball at an angle with respect to the goal structure 210 .
- the aforementioned left-of-center position 257 lets the athlete face the left side of the goal structure 210
- the right-of-center position 258 lets the athlete face the right side of it.
- the athlete changes perspective for an oblique view of the backboard 205 , which generally requires a higher level of shooting precision.
- FIG. 3 outlines the overall process for athletic training, with monitoring and data processing that yields activity feedback, using a sports training system 300 with adjustable hardware in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- an operator such as a coach or trainer initiates a training program.
- the system 300 then initializes a training session on both a program/parameter level and a hardware level, adjusting the goal structure (see adjustable goal structure 110 and 1110 of FIGS. 1 and 11 , respectively), and establishing the current position of both basketball and athlete, as shown in step 376 .
- the system 300 is ready to operate relevant hardware to monitor a first drill for the athlete, outwardly providing any relevant session/drill information along with a signal to begin, as indicated by step 377 .
- the athlete commences training, their motion is detected and tracked, as noted by step 378 .
- the athlete's shots are detected and tracked, allowing trajectory data to be gathered by the system 300 as well.
- Box 380 elaborates upon features of the aforementioned ball/athlete tracking, including how the system 300 performs the motion tracking continuously throughout the drill, and that specific data is logged with each shot attempt, thereby allowing for both micro analyses of individual shots and/or athlete performance, and post-training macro analyses of larger data sets, since the data is cumulative.
- a useful amount of real time feedback based on the tracking data can be provided to coaches and athletes alike throughout a live session/drill.
- the drill reaches its conclusion, as noted by step 382 .
- the operator or an automatic session parameter can end the session, as indicated by step 384 , or a new drill can immediately follow, wherein the pivot mechanism (see pivot mechanism 102 of FIG. 1 ) or a linear motion mechanism (see mechanism illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12 ) rotates or linearly adjusts the goal structure, respectively (see goal structure 110 and 1110 of FIGS.
- step 383 If the session continues with the new drill, the system 300 once again provides a start signal for the athlete and the new drill begins, once again, as shown by step 377 . If, as step 384 indicates, the full session is complete, the system 300 can then provide more comprehensive session feedback and outline trends from overarching data sets, as indicated by step 385 . Successive session feedback continues to be useful in the above-mentioned macro analyses, which can be highly informative in the process of corrective training, and in pursuing long-term athlete development.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a “Scenario A” training configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the object of the configuration is the rotatable goal structure 410
- each “scenario” is broader and encompasses the sum of athlete position and training configuration.
- training configuration 430 provides a standard training angle (or “normal position”) wherein the pivot mechanism (see pivot mechanism 102 of FIG. 1 ) applies 0° rotation to the goal structure 410 .
- the goal structure 410 is essentially identical to a standard goal structure, fully facing forward—as with the goal structure illustrated in FIG. 2 .
- the depicted athlete training position is once again the central position 456 , which places the athlete in the training space or on the court 450 at the distance X from the goal structure 410 with a direct frontal view of it, corresponding with central position 256 in FIG. 2 .
- “Scenario A” is hence a standard scenario that is nonsimulative in nature, that is, it does not simulate an alternate court position for the athlete.
- Dashed line 470 indicates a ball trajectory resulting from a shot made by the athlete in central position 456 toward the front of the goal structure 410 .
- FIG. 5 illustrates a “Scenario B” training configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- training configuration 531 provides an oblique training angle wherein the pivot mechanism (see pivot mechanism 102 of FIG. 1 ) applies some degree of counterclockwise rotation to the goal structure 510 .
- the depicted athlete position is still the central position 556 , placing the athlete on the court 550 at the distance X from the goal structure 510 , as in the previous figure.
- it is as if the athlete has suddenly been displaced from the central position 556 by a certain distance (see distance Y of FIG. 2 ) and has now assumed the previously mentioned left-of-center position (see left-of-center position 257 of FIG.
- “Scenario B” simulates the left-of-center position while the athlete remains in central position 556 .
- Dashed line 570 indicates the ball trajectory resulting from a shot made by the athlete in central position 556 toward the left side of the goal structure 510 .
- FIG. 6 illustrates a “Scenario C” training configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- training configuration 632 provides another oblique training angle, this time wherein the pivot mechanism (see pivot mechanism 102 of FIG. 1 ) applies some degree of clockwise rotation to the goal structure 610 .
- the depicted athlete position is still the central position 656 , placing the athlete on the court 650 at the same distance X from the goal structure 610 , as in the previous two figures.
- it is as if the athlete has now been displaced from the central position 656 by a certain distance (see distance Y of FIG. 2 ) and has now assumed the previously mentioned right-of-center position (see right-of-center position 258 of FIG.
- “Scenario C” simulates the right-of-center position while the athlete remains in central position 656 .
- Dashed line 670 indicates the ball trajectory resulting from a shot made by the athlete in central position 656 toward the right side of the goal structure 610 .
- multiple stationary athletes can physically assume not only the central position, but also the abovementioned left-of-center, and right-of-center court positions (displaced from central position 256 by distance Y, see FIG. 2 ) while the goal structure pivots.
- many athletes can equally take advantage of continuously varied angled shooting without the usually required court movement, thereby optimizing court space and drill efficiency, promoting a generally more organized training environment, and saving time and energy for both athletes and coaches alike.
- FIG. 7 illustrates one embodiment of the pivot mechanism 702 , installed via mounting infrastructure 701 , and details a pivot mechanism housing 715 that supports the overall assembly and provides a sufficient mounting area for bearings 716 . These bearings allow angular rotation of the shaft 704 , while preventing vertical movement.
- the shaft 704 is mounted on its lower end by the goal structure 710 with backboard 705 , hoop 706 , and net 707 . Angular rotation of the shaft 704 translates to rotational pivot movements of the entire goal structure 710 .
- a rotational subassembly 720 lying within the housing 715 includes a rotation mechanism 721 which may comprise a stepper motor and provides rotational torque in specific angular increments.
- Rotational subassembly 720 further comprises a plurality of gears, including a small gear 722 and large gear 723 , as well as a chain 724 , which together complete the transfer of torque from rotation mechanism 721 to shaft 704 .
- a plurality of chains, gears, and motors may be implemented into the subassembly 720 as needed in order to optimize the performance of the pivot mechanism 702 and overall sports training system 700 .
- a computerized control system 725 which performs a plurality of functions, including: receiving incoming motion commands for rotation that may include direction of rotation and angular distance, driving the motor 721 to cause rotation to the newly specified angular position, maintaining accurate positional information that can be queried and retrieved, determining the position of the goal structure 710 upon system initialization and centering it to zero degrees relative to the training court (i.e. the goal structure's “normal position”), receiving an external calibration command that will determine the position of the goal structure 710 to re-center, receiving external information and data to provide to the user, and sending the user feedback information to be displayed in the backboard 705 .
- FIG. 8 illustrates a backboard mechanism capable of performing data input/output activities via embedded lighting, displays, and a sensor in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the goal structure 810 with backboard 805 , hoop 806 , and net 807 is mounted to the shaft 804 as illustrated in previous figures.
- the backboard 805 however is enhanced in this embodiment, having embedded display elements 843 which provide lighted feedback in the form of numbers, letters, or varied imagery that can rapidly convey information about the current training session.
- Edge lighting 842 provides yet another form of feedback to the athlete by varying the color of the backboard's perimeter to indicate the status of play. Both lighted elements provide additional feedback to the athlete while allowing them to retain their focus on the backboard 805 during training.
- the source of the lighting can be LEDs or other efficient and durable lighting components known in the art.
- An operator can adjust the brightness of the lighting as desired, to maximize visibility, or to minimize eyestrain.
- an impact sensor 841 provides feedback to the control system that identifies the impact of the basketball onto the backboard, and can gauge the force applied by the ball.
- the control system utilized by the sports training system 800 provides a means of data relay such that incoming sensory data registered by the enhanced backboard 805 can be processed and returned to the embedded lighting elements, for real time feedback related to athlete performance and ball physics.
- FIG. 9 illustrates one embodiment of the sports training system installed into a camera-enhanced training space.
- the sports training system 900 comprising mounting infrastructure 901 , pivot mechanism 902 , shaft 904 , and goal structure 910 with backboard 905 , hoop 906 , and net 907 , is situated on the back wall of a training space.
- An athlete 955 stands centrally on the court 950 , having a direct view of the front of the goal structure 910 .
- the above-mentioned ball sensor 903 situated above the goal structure 910 provides one source of input data to the sports training system 900 by detecting shot attempts, completions, and other relevant data.
- cameras 945 provide visual coverage of the training space.
- the cameras 945 provide a continuous input into the control system (see control system 725 of FIG. 7 ), which uses optical recognition and tracking to determine both athlete and basketball position and motion.
- a further aspect of this embodiment allows for real time processing of received optical data in order to recognize shot attempts and basketball trajectory 970 once the shot is made.
- basketball trajectory data combined with positional reference data for the goal structure 910 , can determine shot accuracy and provide “score vs. miss” analysis and prediction for current and successive training sessions.
- FIG. 10 illustrates training configurations in “Scenarios A, D, and E” and the spatial effects caused by lateral motion of the basketball backboard, hoop, and net in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the athlete remains stationary in the aforementioned central position 1056 on the court 1050 .
- “Scenario A” shows the goal structure 1010 in training configuration 1030 , or a “normal position” that is unmoved laterally.
- the athlete stands at a distance X from the goal structure 1010 and shoots the ball directly toward it, as depicted by dashed line 1070 .
- the lateral motion 1091 of the goal structure 1010 changes the spatial relationship between the athlete and the hoop.
- the goal structure 1010 is adjusted laterally into training configuration 1033 , displacing it some distance away and to the left of training configuration 1030 .
- the goal structure 1010 is now further away from the athlete in central position 1056 , this new distance indicated by line Z, and the athlete must pivot counterclockwise by some degree in order to face the goal structure 1010 and make a shot, the trajectory of which is depicted by dashed line 1071 .
- the athlete gains an angled view dominated by the right side of the goal structure.
- the goal structure 1010 is adjusted laterally into training configuration 1034 , displacing it some distance away and to the right of training configuration 1030 .
- the goal structure 1010 is again further away (relative to configuration 1030 ) from the athlete in central position 1056 , this distance also indicated by line Z, and the athlete must now pivot clockwise by some degree in order to face the goal structure 1010 and make a shot, the trajectory of which is depicted by dashed line 1072 .
- the athlete gains an angled view dominated by the left side of the goal structure.
- the type of lateral motion disclosed in this embodiment can allow for a reduced space for athletic training.
- the effects created by side-to-side motion of the goal structure 1010 provide for a further diversified training experience for the athlete, full team, or other groups of players in a training space.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a front view of one embodiment of a mechanism providing linear motion along both vertical and horizontal axes for a sports training system 1100 .
- a linear motion mechanism capable of providing lateral motion for a goal structure 1110 with backboard 1105 comprises a lateral track structure 1160 onto which the entire goal structure is mounted via a set of bearings (see linear bearings 1261 of FIG. 12 ) found on the backboard.
- the track structure 1160 is flanked by a drive motor 1163 near each end, each motor having a gear 1122 (similar to the motorized gear/chain rotation mechanism of FIG. 7 ) which engages with a drive belt 1162 that runs the length of the lateral track structure 1160 and is fixed to the backboard 1105 .
- the belt may be substituted with a chain.
- the activity of the motors 1163 rotates the gears 1122 in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction to rotate the belt 1162 , thus affecting the lateral position of the attached goal structure 1110 , for near infinite adjustability along a horizontal axis, as indicated by lateral motion arrows 1191 .
- Each end of the track structure 1160 is mounted to a linear slide mechanism 1166 that allows for up-and-down motion of the entire track structure with mounted goal structure 1110 , as indicated by vertical motion arrows 1192 .
- the whole assembly is mounted within a larger frame structure 1165 , which further comprises vertical rails 1167 .
- the linear slide mechanisms 1166 are installed into the vertical rails 1167 of the larger frame structure 1165 so that the entire lateral track structure 1160 can freely move up-and-down.
- the motorized linear slide mechanism 1166 may be threaded to implement vertical motion 1192 using threaded lead screw components, providing structural stability along with precisely executed motion.
- multi-axis components can be utilized within a single motor system to optimize space for the linear motion mechanism.
- a computerized control system 1125 manages the functioning of the overall system 1100 , including programmable linear movement of the motion mechanism and automated or user-initiated training programs. Some training programs can offer randomized activities that quicken the athlete's reaction times by exposing them to unorthodox training stimuli. Overall athlete performance can be improved and new skills honed when computer-aided training methods are implemented.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a back view of one embodiment of a mechanism providing linear motion along both vertical and horizontal axes for a sports training system 1200 .
- the rear side of the goal structure 1210 can be seen, with the rear of the backboard 1205 providing a large mounting surface for various elements used for linear motion.
- the backboard 1205 is mounted to four linear bearings 1261 which provide slidable contact with the lateral track structure 1260 .
- the previously mentioned drive belt 1262 has a point of fixation to the rear of the backboard 1205 with anchor 1264 , so that belt motion translates directly to backboard motion.
- the powered side-to-side motion occurs when drive motors 1263 drive the belt 1262 with gears 1222 that are mounted on each side of the lateral track structure 1260 .
- the slidable contact points between linear bearings 1261 and lateral track structure 1260 allow freedom of lateral motion along a horizontal axis, indicated by motion arrows 1291 .
- the lateral track structure 1260 terminates on each side with linear slide mechanisms 1266 embedded within the vertical rails 1267 of the larger frame structure 1265 , allowing for slidable up-and-down motion of the entire track structure, including mounted goal structure 1210 , along a vertical axis, as indicated by motion arrows 1292 .
- the computerized control system 1225 is depicted near the floor, or attached to some surface of the frame structure 1265 for illustrative purposes. Some embodiments can utilize a wireless version of the control system 1225 and certain wirelessly linked hardware components to enable over-the-air data transfer in some instances. In yet another embodiment, linear motion mechanisms, similar to those described above, can be integrated into the system 1200 in order to provide motion of the goal structure 1210 in an additional axis, for front-to-back movement.
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Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to Provisional Application No. 63/156,758 filed on Mar. 4, 2021.
- This disclosure relates to the field of sports training systems.
- Athletes, parents of young athletes, and others desire access to great training, a great trainer, or a great coach. Along with the motivation and desire to train, a physical environment that is conducive, functional, and available is required. Basketball play and training is constrained by space requirements. Full teams use the traditional basketball gyms to train. A small gym that is not intended to house fans and just focused on training will typically have 5,000 square feet of space with 25+ foot high ceilings. The interior training space will at a minimum consist of the flooring, which has court markings painted or taped on and a stationary basketball hoop at each end of the court. Typically, a minimum of a “half court” is required for effective training. This is due to the needs of the athlete to practice shooting straight on the basket and from both the left and right sides of the basket. Often, gyms in high schools and colleges will have multiple backboards and hoops that can be brought into place along the sides of the gym to allow multiple people to practice simultaneously. This limits what each person or small group can accomplish in the reduced space allotted to them. Use of the full or half court in a facility is limited to both individual athletes and coaches due to availability and use by larger groups. Athletes and their families spend considerable time and money for serious basketball training. Unfortunately, much of the feedback provided by coaches and trainers is subjective and not equally well received or understood by all athletes.
- There is a need in the art for a system and method that allows the athlete to remain stationary while experiencing different spatial configurations between them and the basketball hoop. Further, there is a need for more objective training systems and methods that provide more useful, objective feedback in the form of hard data to the athlete.
- The sports training system and methods disclosed herein are used to rotate and position a basketball backboard, hoop, and net in order to allow the athlete to remain stationary and more efficiently practice shooting a basketball while the relative angle of the athlete to the backboard, hoop, and net changes. This can allow for athletic practice in a physically smaller space. Additionally, cameras and a plurality of other sensors are used with the present invention to allow for shot tracking and timing to enhance training while using the system. The data collected from these devices can be provided in both real time (to the athlete during training) and logged for trending. Disclosures include the mechanical implementation for precise rotation of the backboard, hoop, and net. Some embodiments disclose optional mounting infrastructure to hold a pivot mechanism. Disclosed embodiments show a mechanical implementation using a mechanical rotation mechanism that allows specific angular rotation of the backboard, hoop, and net. This mechanism can provide the ability to lock the backboard, hoop, and net into a fixed angular position when not rotating.
- An additional embodiment shows a mechanism that allows for motion along both a horizontal and vertical axis. Motion along the horizontal axis provides an additional means of changing the spatial relationship between the player and the hoop, without the player having to move. Motion along the vertical axis allows younger athletes, who may not have the strength to shoot the ball up to regulation height, to benefit from training at a lower height.
- Disclosed embodiments show visual feedback using lighting and displays embedded into the backboard—all visible to the athlete during training, without distraction from their primary area of focus.
-
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a disclosed pivot mechanism. -
FIG. 2 is an illustration of spatial relationships in basketball training. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a process for athletic training using a sports training system with adjustable hardware in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 4 illustrates a “Scenario A” training configuration with a pivot mechanism having 0° rotation in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 5 illustrates a “Scenario B” training configuration with the pivot mechanism rotating the basketball backboard, hoop, and net counterclockwise to simulate a left-of-center training position for the athlete. -
FIG. 6 illustrates a “Scenario C” training configuration with the pivot mechanism rotating the basketball backboard, hoop, and net clockwise to simulate a right-of-center training position for the athlete. -
FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of the pivot mechanism in accordance with the present disclosure. -
FIG. 8 illustrates a backboard mechanism with embedded lighting, displays, and sensor in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 9 illustrates a camera-enhanced athletic training space in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 10 illustrates training configurations in “Scenarios A, D, and E” and the spatial effects caused by lateral motion of the basketball backboard, hoop, and net in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 11 illustrates a front view of a linear motion mechanism with respective directions of motion in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 12 illustrates a back view of a linear motion mechanism with respective directions of motion in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. -
FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of asports training system 100, and shows how apivot mechanism 102, is superiorly connected to amounting infrastructure 101, and inferiorly connected to ashaft 104, in such a way that a large portion of each of the two structures lies substantially above and below thepivot mechanism 102, respectively. Theshaft 104 is fixed in its lower region to thegoal structure 110, which further comprisesbackboard 105, withhoop 106 and attachednet 107. Thepivot mechanism 102 provides a means of precise rotation for theshaft 104 which in turn rotates, or “pivots”, the connectedgoal structure 110, as indicated byrotational arrows 190. The resulting adjusted positions provide different training configurations for an athlete when making shots, while allowing the athlete to remain stationary with respect to thegoal structure 110. Aball sensor 103 provides input to thesports training system 100 for detection of shot attempts and completions. In one embodiment, thissensor 103 may utilize an enhanced camera, while also employing a plurality of detection components in order to gather more data regarding the physics of the ball in motion, including velocity, trajectory, force/impact, spin, and other useful data. Thesystem 100 can gather and process the data in real-time, yielding continuous training feedback for athletes and coaches, who can then note trends and patterns and diagnose problem areas in training and overall player performance. - For the purposes of illustration,
FIG. 2 shows the current state of basketball practice and training on astandard court 250. Three scenarios help to demonstrate the spatial relationship between an athlete and thegoal structure 210 withbackboard 205 andhoop 206. In each of these scenarios, the athlete assumes a different training position on thecourt 250, including acentral position 256, a left-of-center position 257, and a right-of-center position 258, wherein the athlete faces thegoal structure 210 at a different angle. In each position, the athlete stands at the same shooting distance from thegoal structure 210, as indicated by distance lines X. In acentral position 256, the athlete faces thegoal structure 210 directly, for a frontal view of thebackboard 205. There are two scenarios where the athlete must be displaced from thecentral position 256 by some distance, indicated by distance lines Y, in order to shoot the basketball at an angle with respect to thegoal structure 210. The aforementioned left-of-center position 257 lets the athlete face the left side of thegoal structure 210, while the right-of-center position 258 lets the athlete face the right side of it. In these angled training positions, displaced by a distance Y to the left or right of thecentral position 256, the athlete changes perspective for an oblique view of thebackboard 205, which generally requires a higher level of shooting precision. When practicing shooting in particular, the act of continuously traversing the court in pursuit of varied and angled shots requires a certain level of focus, while also demanding an expenditure of energy that may be undesirable for certain exercises. Additionally, small and/or busy gym spaces can force coaches and trainers to organize more chaotic group drills with excessive court movement in order to vary shooting practice, when it may be desirable to focus on court movement and shooting separately—especially for younger athletes who may have trouble immediately combining the two skills. -
FIG. 3 outlines the overall process for athletic training, with monitoring and data processing that yields activity feedback, using asports training system 300 with adjustable hardware in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Beginning withstep 375, an operator (such as a coach or trainer) initiates a training program. Thesystem 300 then initializes a training session on both a program/parameter level and a hardware level, adjusting the goal structure (seeadjustable goal structure FIGS. 1 and 11 , respectively), and establishing the current position of both basketball and athlete, as shown instep 376. With the current session initialized, thesystem 300 is ready to operate relevant hardware to monitor a first drill for the athlete, outwardly providing any relevant session/drill information along with a signal to begin, as indicated bystep 377. As the athlete commences training, their motion is detected and tracked, as noted bystep 378. Similarly, as noted bystep 379, the athlete's shots are detected and tracked, allowing trajectory data to be gathered by thesystem 300 as well.Box 380 elaborates upon features of the aforementioned ball/athlete tracking, including how thesystem 300 performs the motion tracking continuously throughout the drill, and that specific data is logged with each shot attempt, thereby allowing for both micro analyses of individual shots and/or athlete performance, and post-training macro analyses of larger data sets, since the data is cumulative. In any case, as shown bystep 381, a useful amount of real time feedback based on the tracking data can be provided to coaches and athletes alike throughout a live session/drill. At some point, depending either on the parameters set for the session or an operator's decision, the drill reaches its conclusion, as noted bystep 382. At this point, the operator or an automatic session parameter can end the session, as indicated bystep 384, or a new drill can immediately follow, wherein the pivot mechanism (seepivot mechanism 102 ofFIG. 1 ) or a linear motion mechanism (see mechanism illustrated inFIGS. 11 and 12 ) rotates or linearly adjusts the goal structure, respectively (seegoal structure FIGS. 1 and 11 , respectively) into a new configuration (seetraining configurations FIGS. 4, 5, 6 , and 10, respectively), as indicated bystep 383. If the session continues with the new drill, thesystem 300 once again provides a start signal for the athlete and the new drill begins, once again, as shown bystep 377. If, asstep 384 indicates, the full session is complete, thesystem 300 can then provide more comprehensive session feedback and outline trends from overarching data sets, as indicated bystep 385. Successive session feedback continues to be useful in the above-mentioned macro analyses, which can be highly informative in the process of corrective training, and in pursuing long-term athlete development. -
FIG. 4 illustrates a “Scenario A” training configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In this and further discussions of training configurations, the object of the configuration is therotatable goal structure 410, while each “scenario” is broader and encompasses the sum of athlete position and training configuration. As depicted inFIG. 4 ,training configuration 430 provides a standard training angle (or “normal position”) wherein the pivot mechanism (seepivot mechanism 102 ofFIG. 1 ) applies 0° rotation to thegoal structure 410. In thisconfiguration 430, thegoal structure 410 is essentially identical to a standard goal structure, fully facing forward—as with the goal structure illustrated inFIG. 2 . Similarly, the depicted athlete training position is once again thecentral position 456, which places the athlete in the training space or on thecourt 450 at the distance X from thegoal structure 410 with a direct frontal view of it, corresponding withcentral position 256 inFIG. 2 . “Scenario A” is hence a standard scenario that is nonsimulative in nature, that is, it does not simulate an alternate court position for the athlete. Dashedline 470 indicates a ball trajectory resulting from a shot made by the athlete incentral position 456 toward the front of thegoal structure 410. -
FIG. 5 illustrates a “Scenario B” training configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Here,training configuration 531 provides an oblique training angle wherein the pivot mechanism (seepivot mechanism 102 ofFIG. 1 ) applies some degree of counterclockwise rotation to thegoal structure 510. The depicted athlete position is still thecentral position 556, placing the athlete on thecourt 550 at the distance X from thegoal structure 510, as in the previous figure. Yet in this scenario, it is as if the athlete has suddenly been displaced from thecentral position 556 by a certain distance (see distance Y ofFIG. 2 ) and has now assumed the previously mentioned left-of-center position (see left-of-center position 257 ofFIG. 2 ), gaining access to the same viewing angle of thegoal structure 510 as the athlete in that position, while remaining completely stationary. In this way, “Scenario B” simulates the left-of-center position while the athlete remains incentral position 556. Dashedline 570 indicates the ball trajectory resulting from a shot made by the athlete incentral position 556 toward the left side of thegoal structure 510. -
FIG. 6 illustrates a “Scenario C” training configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Here,training configuration 632 provides another oblique training angle, this time wherein the pivot mechanism (seepivot mechanism 102 ofFIG. 1 ) applies some degree of clockwise rotation to thegoal structure 610. The depicted athlete position is still thecentral position 656, placing the athlete on thecourt 650 at the same distance X from thegoal structure 610, as in the previous two figures. In this scenario, it is as if the athlete has now been displaced from thecentral position 656 by a certain distance (see distance Y ofFIG. 2 ) and has now assumed the previously mentioned right-of-center position (see right-of-center position 258 ofFIG. 2 ), gaining access to the same viewing angle of thegoal structure 610 as the athlete in that position, while once again remaining completely stationary. In this way, “Scenario C” simulates the right-of-center position while the athlete remains incentral position 656. Dashedline 670 indicates the ball trajectory resulting from a shot made by the athlete incentral position 656 toward the right side of thegoal structure 610. - In any scenario, considering team practices or packed gyms, multiple stationary athletes can physically assume not only the central position, but also the abovementioned left-of-center, and right-of-center court positions (displaced from
central position 256 by distance Y, seeFIG. 2 ) while the goal structure pivots. In this way, many athletes can equally take advantage of continuously varied angled shooting without the usually required court movement, thereby optimizing court space and drill efficiency, promoting a generally more organized training environment, and saving time and energy for both athletes and coaches alike. -
FIG. 7 illustrates one embodiment of thepivot mechanism 702, installed via mountinginfrastructure 701, and details apivot mechanism housing 715 that supports the overall assembly and provides a sufficient mounting area forbearings 716. These bearings allow angular rotation of theshaft 704, while preventing vertical movement. Theshaft 704 is mounted on its lower end by thegoal structure 710 withbackboard 705,hoop 706, andnet 707. Angular rotation of theshaft 704 translates to rotational pivot movements of theentire goal structure 710. Arotational subassembly 720 lying within thehousing 715 includes arotation mechanism 721 which may comprise a stepper motor and provides rotational torque in specific angular increments. Therotation mechanism 721 can hold a torqued position in place to prevent further angular rotation of thegoal structure 710 that is undesired.Rotational subassembly 720 further comprises a plurality of gears, including asmall gear 722 andlarge gear 723, as well as achain 724, which together complete the transfer of torque fromrotation mechanism 721 toshaft 704. In another embodiment, a plurality of chains, gears, and motors may be implemented into thesubassembly 720 as needed in order to optimize the performance of thepivot mechanism 702 and overallsports training system 700. Within thepivot mechanism housing 715 sits acomputerized control system 725 which performs a plurality of functions, including: receiving incoming motion commands for rotation that may include direction of rotation and angular distance, driving themotor 721 to cause rotation to the newly specified angular position, maintaining accurate positional information that can be queried and retrieved, determining the position of thegoal structure 710 upon system initialization and centering it to zero degrees relative to the training court (i.e. the goal structure's “normal position”), receiving an external calibration command that will determine the position of thegoal structure 710 to re-center, receiving external information and data to provide to the user, and sending the user feedback information to be displayed in thebackboard 705. -
FIG. 8 illustrates a backboard mechanism capable of performing data input/output activities via embedded lighting, displays, and a sensor in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. Thegoal structure 810 withbackboard 805,hoop 806, and net 807 is mounted to theshaft 804 as illustrated in previous figures. Thebackboard 805 however is enhanced in this embodiment, having embeddeddisplay elements 843 which provide lighted feedback in the form of numbers, letters, or varied imagery that can rapidly convey information about the current training session.Edge lighting 842 provides yet another form of feedback to the athlete by varying the color of the backboard's perimeter to indicate the status of play. Both lighted elements provide additional feedback to the athlete while allowing them to retain their focus on thebackboard 805 during training. The source of the lighting can be LEDs or other efficient and durable lighting components known in the art. An operator can adjust the brightness of the lighting as desired, to maximize visibility, or to minimize eyestrain. Also embedded within thebackboard 805, and situated a small distance above thehoop 806, animpact sensor 841 provides feedback to the control system that identifies the impact of the basketball onto the backboard, and can gauge the force applied by the ball. The control system utilized by thesports training system 800 provides a means of data relay such that incoming sensory data registered by theenhanced backboard 805 can be processed and returned to the embedded lighting elements, for real time feedback related to athlete performance and ball physics. -
FIG. 9 illustrates one embodiment of the sports training system installed into a camera-enhanced training space. Thesports training system 900 comprising mountinginfrastructure 901,pivot mechanism 902,shaft 904, andgoal structure 910 withbackboard 905,hoop 906, and net 907, is situated on the back wall of a training space. Anathlete 955 stands centrally on thecourt 950, having a direct view of the front of thegoal structure 910. The above-mentionedball sensor 903 situated above thegoal structure 910 provides one source of input data to thesports training system 900 by detecting shot attempts, completions, and other relevant data. Flanking theathlete 955 and mounted higher up on the side walls of the training space,cameras 945 provide visual coverage of the training space. Thecameras 945 provide a continuous input into the control system (seecontrol system 725 ofFIG. 7 ), which uses optical recognition and tracking to determine both athlete and basketball position and motion. A further aspect of this embodiment allows for real time processing of received optical data in order to recognize shot attempts andbasketball trajectory 970 once the shot is made. Additionally, basketball trajectory data, combined with positional reference data for thegoal structure 910, can determine shot accuracy and provide “score vs. miss” analysis and prediction for current and successive training sessions. -
FIG. 10 illustrates training configurations in “Scenarios A, D, and E” and the spatial effects caused by lateral motion of the basketball backboard, hoop, and net in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In all three scenarios, the athlete remains stationary in the aforementionedcentral position 1056 on thecourt 1050. “Scenario A” shows thegoal structure 1010 intraining configuration 1030, or a “normal position” that is unmoved laterally. Here the athlete stands at a distance X from thegoal structure 1010 and shoots the ball directly toward it, as depicted by dashedline 1070. In “Scenarios D and E”, thelateral motion 1091 of thegoal structure 1010 changes the spatial relationship between the athlete and the hoop. Looking now at “Scenario D”, thegoal structure 1010 is adjusted laterally intotraining configuration 1033, displacing it some distance away and to the left oftraining configuration 1030. In this configuration, thegoal structure 1010 is now further away from the athlete incentral position 1056, this new distance indicated by line Z, and the athlete must pivot counterclockwise by some degree in order to face thegoal structure 1010 and make a shot, the trajectory of which is depicted by dashedline 1071. Having pivoted to face thegoal structure 1010 in this new position, the athlete gains an angled view dominated by the right side of the goal structure. In “Scenario E”, thegoal structure 1010 is adjusted laterally intotraining configuration 1034, displacing it some distance away and to the right oftraining configuration 1030. In this configuration, thegoal structure 1010 is again further away (relative to configuration 1030) from the athlete incentral position 1056, this distance also indicated by line Z, and the athlete must now pivot clockwise by some degree in order to face thegoal structure 1010 and make a shot, the trajectory of which is depicted by dashedline 1072. Having pivoted to face thegoal structure 1010 in this new position, the athlete gains an angled view dominated by the left side of the goal structure. The type of lateral motion disclosed in this embodiment can allow for a reduced space for athletic training. As well, the effects created by side-to-side motion of thegoal structure 1010 provide for a further diversified training experience for the athlete, full team, or other groups of players in a training space. -
FIG. 11 illustrates a front view of one embodiment of a mechanism providing linear motion along both vertical and horizontal axes for asports training system 1100. A linear motion mechanism capable of providing lateral motion for agoal structure 1110 withbackboard 1105 comprises alateral track structure 1160 onto which the entire goal structure is mounted via a set of bearings (seelinear bearings 1261 ofFIG. 12 ) found on the backboard. Thetrack structure 1160 is flanked by adrive motor 1163 near each end, each motor having a gear 1122 (similar to the motorized gear/chain rotation mechanism ofFIG. 7 ) which engages with adrive belt 1162 that runs the length of thelateral track structure 1160 and is fixed to thebackboard 1105. In another embodiment, the belt may be substituted with a chain. The activity of themotors 1163 rotates thegears 1122 in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction to rotate thebelt 1162, thus affecting the lateral position of the attachedgoal structure 1110, for near infinite adjustability along a horizontal axis, as indicated bylateral motion arrows 1191. Each end of thetrack structure 1160 is mounted to alinear slide mechanism 1166 that allows for up-and-down motion of the entire track structure with mountedgoal structure 1110, as indicated byvertical motion arrows 1192. The whole assembly is mounted within alarger frame structure 1165, which further comprisesvertical rails 1167. Thelinear slide mechanisms 1166 are installed into thevertical rails 1167 of thelarger frame structure 1165 so that the entirelateral track structure 1160 can freely move up-and-down. In one embodiment of the present invention, the motorizedlinear slide mechanism 1166 may be threaded to implementvertical motion 1192 using threaded lead screw components, providing structural stability along with precisely executed motion. As well, multi-axis components can be utilized within a single motor system to optimize space for the linear motion mechanism. Acomputerized control system 1125 manages the functioning of theoverall system 1100, including programmable linear movement of the motion mechanism and automated or user-initiated training programs. Some training programs can offer randomized activities that quicken the athlete's reaction times by exposing them to unorthodox training stimuli. Overall athlete performance can be improved and new skills honed when computer-aided training methods are implemented. -
FIG. 12 illustrates a back view of one embodiment of a mechanism providing linear motion along both vertical and horizontal axes for asports training system 1200. In this view, the rear side of thegoal structure 1210 can be seen, with the rear of thebackboard 1205 providing a large mounting surface for various elements used for linear motion. In this embodiment, thebackboard 1205 is mounted to fourlinear bearings 1261 which provide slidable contact with thelateral track structure 1260. The previously mentioneddrive belt 1262 has a point of fixation to the rear of thebackboard 1205 withanchor 1264, so that belt motion translates directly to backboard motion. The powered side-to-side motion occurs whendrive motors 1263 drive thebelt 1262 withgears 1222 that are mounted on each side of thelateral track structure 1260. The slidable contact points betweenlinear bearings 1261 andlateral track structure 1260 allow freedom of lateral motion along a horizontal axis, indicated bymotion arrows 1291. Thelateral track structure 1260 terminates on each side withlinear slide mechanisms 1266 embedded within thevertical rails 1267 of thelarger frame structure 1265, allowing for slidable up-and-down motion of the entire track structure, including mountedgoal structure 1210, along a vertical axis, as indicated bymotion arrows 1292. Thecomputerized control system 1225 is depicted near the floor, or attached to some surface of theframe structure 1265 for illustrative purposes. Some embodiments can utilize a wireless version of thecontrol system 1225 and certain wirelessly linked hardware components to enable over-the-air data transfer in some instances. In yet another embodiment, linear motion mechanisms, similar to those described above, can be integrated into thesystem 1200 in order to provide motion of thegoal structure 1210 in an additional axis, for front-to-back movement. - Many variations may be made to the embodiments described herein. All variations are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure. The description of the embodiments herein can be practiced in many ways. Any terminology used herein should not be construed as restricting the features or aspects of the disclosed subject matter. The scope should instead be construed in accordance with the appended claims.
- There may be many other ways to implement the disclosed embodiments. Various functions and elements described herein may be partitioned differently from those shown without departing from the scope of the disclosed embodiments. Various modifications to these implementations may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and generic principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations. Thus, many changes and modifications may be made to the disclosed embodiments, by one having ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the scope of the disclosed embodiments. For instance, different numbers of a given element or module may be employed, a different type or types of a given element or module may be employed, a given element or module may be added, or a given element or module may be omitted.
- It should be appreciated that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts discussed in greater detail below (provided such concepts are not mutually inconsistent) are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. In particular, all combinations of claimed subject matter appearing at the end of this disclosure are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein.
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