US20220263304A1 - Low-PIM Multi-Function Mounting System - Google Patents
Low-PIM Multi-Function Mounting System Download PDFInfo
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- US20220263304A1 US20220263304A1 US17/669,418 US202217669418A US2022263304A1 US 20220263304 A1 US20220263304 A1 US 20220263304A1 US 202217669418 A US202217669418 A US 202217669418A US 2022263304 A1 US2022263304 A1 US 2022263304A1
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000010267 cellular communication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
- H02G3/30—Installations of cables or lines on walls, floors or ceilings
- H02G3/32—Installations of cables or lines on walls, floors or ceilings using mounting clamps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
- H02G3/26—Installations of cables, lines, or separate protective tubing therefor directly on or in walls, ceilings, or floors
- H02G3/263—Installation, e.g. suspension, of conduit channels or other supports
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to cellular communication systems and, more particularly, to a low-PIM multi-function mounting system for using cable ties or pipe clamps to alternatively secure cables and other items to poles having different diameters or flanges having different gauges at base station antenna sites.
- the cell site includes one or more cellular base station antennas aimed at a desired geographical area of coverage with coaxial cables connecting the antennas to base station radio equipment.
- the performance of a cell site is often limited by passive intermodulation (“PIM”) interference.
- PIM interference occurs when the high-power downlink signals (the “main beam”) transmitted by the base station antenna mixes at passive, non-linear junctions in the RF path, creating new signals.
- these new signals fall in an antenna's uplink band, they act as interference and reduce the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (“SINR”).
- SINR signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio
- Metal brackets and associated hardware for supporting RF, optical, ground and remote electrical tilt (“RET”) cable are common sources of loose metal-to-metal contact found in the region behind and close to base station antennas. These cables are secured by cable hangers spaced along their length to the antenna support frame to prevent the cables from moving in the wind.
- Antenna support frames are often constructed using structural steel angle and pipe supports and metal cable hangers are often used to secure the cables to the frame.
- PIM can be generated at the bracket to support frame interface as well as bracket-to-bracket interfaces. Due to the high clamping force required to secure these brackets, the brackets often break through the galvanized coating on the antenna support frame creating areas of exposed steel. These exposed steel locations can become corroded or rusty over time creating sources of PIM. In addition, due to the large number of mounting brackets on a typical installation, the possibility exists for one bracket to loosely touch another, creating yet another source of PIM.
- a low-PIM mounting system including a low-PIM mounting block formed of a polymeric material configured for attachment to a variety of support structures by one or more low-PIM cable ties or pipe clamps.
- the mounting block includes an anchor block having a receptacle for removably attaching another item to the anchor block, a dual-adapter base integrally formed with the anchor block, and one or more cable tie slots for attaching the mounting block to a support structure with cable ties or pipe clamps.
- the dual-adapter base includes a pole adapter for removably attaching the dual-adapter base to poles having different diameters.
- the dual-adapter base also includes a flange adapter for removably attaching the dual-adapter base to flanges having different gauges.
- the pole adapter may include a pair of spaced-apart pole interface surfaces.
- the flange adapter may include a pair of slots positioned between pole interface surfaces.
- the anchor block includes a cable hanger receptacle, a rod receptacle, or a pilot hole receptacle.
- the anchor block includes a flat mounting plate, which may include a pair of cable hanger receptacles, a rod receptacle, and a pair of cable tie slots.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first dual-interface mounting block including a pole adapter, a flange adapter, and a cable hanger receptacle.
- FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the first dual-interface mounting block.
- FIG. 3 is a side view of the first dual-interface mounting block interfacing with masts of different diameters.
- FIG. 4A is a side view of the first dual-interface mounting block interfacing with a flange having a first gauge illustrating a first cable tie path.
- FIG. 4B is a side view of the first dual-interface mounting block interfacing with a flange having a second gauge illustrating a second cable tie path.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a second dual-interface mounting block including a pole adapter, a flange adapter, and a rod receptacle.
- FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the second dual-interface mounting block including a pole adapter, a flange adapter, and a rod receptacle.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a third dual-interface mounting block including a pole adapter, a flange adapter, and a pilot hole receptacle.
- FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the third dual-interface mounting block.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a first dual-interface mounting block assembly.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a second dual-interface mounting block assembly.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a third dual-interface mounting block assembly.
- FIG. 12 is a top perspective view of a multi-function mounting block.
- FIG. 13 is a bottom view of the multi-function mounting block.
- FIG. 14 is a side perspective view of the multi-function mounting block.
- FIG. 15 is a bottom perspective view of the multi-function mounting block with cable ties.
- FIG. 16 is a side view of the multi-function mounting block interfacing with masts with different diameters.
- FIG. 17 is a side view of the multi-function mounting block interfacing with a flange.
- FIG. 18A is a side view of the multi-function mounting block interfacing with a flange having a first gauge illustrating a first cable tie path.
- FIG. 18B is a side view of the multi-function mounting block interfacing with a flange having a second gauge illustrating a second cable tie path.
- FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a first multi-function mounting block assembly.
- FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a second multi-function mounting block assembly.
- FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a third multi-function mounting block assembly.
- FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a fourth multi-function mounting block assembly.
- FIG. 23A is a conceptual side view of a low-PIM multi-function mounting system positioned within a potential PIM reactive zone of a base station antenna.
- FIG. 23B is a conceptual top view of the low-PIM multi-function mounting system positioned within a potential PIM reactive zone of a base station antenna.
- Embodiments of the invention may be embodied in a low-PIM mounting system using cable ties or pipe clamps to alternatively secure cables and other items to poles or flanges at base station antenna sites.
- a first dual-interface mounting block includes a pole adapter, a flange adapter, and a cable hanger receptacle.
- a second dual-interface mounting block includes a pole adapter, a flange adapter, and a rod receptacle.
- a third dual-interface mounting block includes a pole adapter, a flange adapter, and a pilot hole receptacle for a self-tapping screw.
- a multi-function mounting block includes a mounting plate, a pole adapter, a flange adapter, a rod receptacle, and a cable hanger receptacle.
- Each low-PIM mounting system is fabricated from a low-PIM polymeric material and configured to alternatively secure cables and other items to poles of different diameters or flanges of different gauges using one or more cable ties or pipe clamps.
- the versatility of the system allows a technician to carry a smaller assortment of hardware for connecting cables and other items to different types of support structures, such as masts, angle bars, flat bars and other flanges, in various configurations at cellular base station antenna sites.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view and FIG. 2 is a bottom view of a first example of a dual-interface mounting block.
- This embodiment is a first dual-interface mounting block 10 including an anchor block 11 and a dual-adapter base 12 .
- the dual-adapter base 12 includes a pipe adapter 13 and a flange adapter 14 .
- the anchor block 11 includes a cable tie slot 15 and a cable hanger receptacle 16 .
- a low-PIM cable tie or pipe clamp is inserted through the cable tie slot 15 and around a support structure, such as a mast or angle bar, to secure the dual-interface mounting block 10 to the support structure.
- the pole adapter 13 is configured to interface with masts within a range of different diameters
- the flange adapter 14 is configured to interface with flanges of different gauges (thicknesses).
- the pipe adapter 13 includes a pair of spaced-apart pipe interface surfaces 17 A and 17 B allowing the pipe adapter 13 to interface with masts of different diameters.
- the flange adapter 14 includes a pair of linear slots 18 A and 18 B positioned between the spaced-apart pipe interface surfaces 17 A and 17 B allowing the flange adapter 14 to interface with flanges of different gauges.
- the cable hanger receptacle 16 is a standard 3 ⁇ 4-inch (1.9 cm) hole sized to receive standard cable hangers, such as the cable hangers described in U.S. Pat. No, 10,637,226, which is incorporated by reference.
- the pipe adapter 13 includes a pair of pipe interface surfaces 17 A- 17 B allowing the pipe adapter to mount to masts in a range of varying diameters, similar to the low-PIM cable support brackets described in U.S. Pat. No. 10,724,655, which is incorporated by reference.
- the entire dual-interface mounting block 10 is fabricated from a low-PIM polymeric material, such as glass-filled nylon.
- FIG. 3 is a side view of the first dual-interface mounting block 10 interfacing with masts having different diameters, in this illustration a first mast 30 having a larger diameter and a second mast 32 having a smaller diameter.
- the pipe interface surfaces 17 A- 17 B allow the pipe adapter 13 to mount to the masts 30 and 32 having different diameters.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are side views of the first dual-interface mounting block 10 secured to angle supports 40 and 42 , respectively, having different thickness (gauge).
- FIG. 4A shows the first dual-interface mounting block 10 secured to a first angle bar 40 having a larger gauge that fits snugly within the flange adapter 14 resulting in first cable tie path 41 around the first angle support 40 .
- FIG. 4B shows the first dual-interface mounting block 10 secured to a second angle support 42 having a smaller gauge that fits caddy-corner within the flange adapter 14 resulting in second cable tie path 43 around the second angle support 42 .
- the ability to tilt the mounting block with respect to the flange and use different cable tie paths allows the flange interface 14 to mount to the flanges having different gauges.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view and FIG. 6 is a bottom view of a second dual-interface mounting block 50 including an anchor block 51 and a dual-adapter base 52 .
- the second dual-interface mounting block 50 is similar to the first dual-interface mounting block 10 , except that the cable-hanger receptacle 16 of the first dual-interface mounting block 10 is replaced by a rod receptacle 53 in the second dual-interface mounting block 50 .
- the bottom side of the rod receptacle 53 includes a hex receptacle 54 for capturing a hex nut or bolt head.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view and FIG. 8 is a bottom view of a third dual-interface mounting block 70 including an anchor block 71 and a dual-adapter base 72 .
- the third dual-interface mounting block 70 is similar to the first dual-interface mounting block 10 , except that the cable-hanger receptacle 16 of the first dual-interface mounting block 10 is replaced by a pilot hole receptacle 73 for a self-tapping screw in the third dual-interface mounting block 70 .
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a second dual-interface mounting block assembly 100 including a dual-interface mounting block 105 secured to a mast 101 support structure.
- a cable tie 102 extends through the cable tie slot of the dual-interface mounting block 105 and around mast 101 support structure.
- a hex bolt 103 attached to a hex nut captured in the rod receptacle of the dual-interface mounting block 105 secures a safety warning sign 104 to the dual-interface mounting block.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a third dual-interface mounting block assembly 110 that includes three dual-interface mounting blocks 111 A, 111 B and 111 C secured to a common mast 112 support structure.
- two cable ties 113 A and 113 B secure the mounting blocks 111 A, 111 B and 111 C to the common mast 112 support structure.
- the anchor block 121 also includes two mounting holes 125 A, 125 B and a rod receptacle 126 for securing items to the anchor block 121 , such as signs, control boxes and the like.
- the mounting holes 125 A, 125 B may be 3 ⁇ 4-inch (1.9 cm) holes sized to receive standard cable hangers.
- FIG. 15 is a bottom perspective view of the multi-function mounting block 150 with cable ties 151 A, 151 B inserted through the cable tie slots of the multi-function mounting block.
- FIG. 16 is a side view of a multi-function mounting block 160 interfacing with masts with different diameters 161 , 162 .
- FIG. 17 is a side view of a multi-function mounting block 170 interfacing with a flange 171 .
- FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a first multi-function mounting block assembly 190 including a multi-function mounting block 191 attached to a mast 192 support structure.
- the multi-function mounting block 191 also supports cable support blocks 193 attached to a threaded rod 194 , which is attached to the rod receptacle 195 of the multi-function mounting block.
- FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a second multi-function mounting block assembly 200 .
- This embodiment is similar to the first multi-function mounting block assembly 190 except that the multi-function mounting block 201 also supports a pair of cable hangers 202 A, 202 B in addition to cable support blocks 203 .
- FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a third multi-function mounting block assembly 210 .
- This embodiment includes a multi-function mounting block 211 mounted to an angle bar 212 supporting two cable hangers 213 A, 213 B.
- FIG. 23A is a conceptual side view and FIG. 23B is a conceptual top view of a representative base station cell site 230 that includes a base station antenna 231 supported by a mounting structure 232 .
- the antenna 231 directionally broadcasts higher-power downlink communication signals away from the antenna (generally referred to as the “main beam” of the antenna) within a downlink frequency channel 233 to registered mobile communication devices within the communication reach of the antenna.
- the antenna 231 also receives lower-power uplink communication signals from the registered mobile communication devices within a separate uplink frequency channel 234 allowing for duplex communications, such as mobile telephone conversations, between the antenna 231 and the registered mobile communication devices within the communication reach of the antenna.
- Embodiments of the present invention include a range of low-PIM multi-function mounting system designed to mitigate the generate PIM interference by the equipment used to support the cables and other components associated with the operation of the antenna, which are typically located near the antenna outside the main beam of the antenna.
- FIGS. 23A-23B illustrate this practice for a representative example base station antenna site 230 , in which a low-PIM multi-function mounting system 250 is attached to a mounting structure 232 within a potential PIM reactive zone 235 defined for the antenna 231 .
- the representative low-PIM multi-function mounting system 250 is located well outside the main beam 233 and physically behind the antenna 231 on the opposite side of the mounting structure 232 from the antenna.
- the low-PIM multi-function mounting system 250 is nevertheless specified to provide PIM mitigation because it is still located with the potential PIM reactive zone 235 defined for the antenna 231 .
- the low-PIM multi-function mounting system 250 is representative the embodiments of the invention generally, as all of the embodiments described in the disclosure, and variations of these specific examples, are intended for deployment as PIM mitigation measures in the potential PIM reactive zones of cellular base station antennas.
- the low-PIM embodiments of the present invention can be utilized in any desired location, they are particularly effective for mitigating PIM interference when deployed in the potential PIM reactive zone 235 near the base station antenna 231 .
- PIM generation is a function of the antenna broadcast frequency and power
- technicians may use a standard distance, such as 10-feet from the antenna 231 , to establish the potential PIM reactive zone 235 where PIM mitigation is appropriate.
- the potential PIM reactive zone 235 may be established to be a function of the antenna broadcast frequency, such as one or two wavelengths of the main beam frequency channel 233 of the antenna 231 .
- a PIM reactive zone 235 may ultimately be defined to be a set distance, such as 10-feet from the antenna.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/149,416 filed Feb. 15, 2021, which is incorporated by reference.
- The present invention is directed to cellular communication systems and, more particularly, to a low-PIM multi-function mounting system for using cable ties or pipe clamps to alternatively secure cables and other items to poles having different diameters or flanges having different gauges at base station antenna sites.
- An essential element of modern mobile communications systems is the “cell site.” The cell site includes one or more cellular base station antennas aimed at a desired geographical area of coverage with coaxial cables connecting the antennas to base station radio equipment. The performance of a cell site is often limited by passive intermodulation (“PIM”) interference. PIM interference occurs when the high-power downlink signals (the “main beam”) transmitted by the base station antenna mixes at passive, non-linear junctions in the RF path, creating new signals. When these new signals (intermodulation products) fall in an antenna's uplink band, they act as interference and reduce the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (“SINR”). As the SINR reduces, the geographic coverage of the cell site reduces and the data capacity of that cell site reduces.
- It is well documented that loosely touching metal-to-metal surfaces can behave in a non-linear fashion and become sources of passive intermodulation when illuminated by high power RF signals. Recently, it has been determined that loose metal-to-metal connections located behind base station antennas are also able to generate high levels of passive intermodulation. Even though this region is well outside the main beam of the antenna, enough RF energy is present in this region to excite non-linear objects and generate PIM.
- Metal brackets and associated hardware for supporting RF, optical, ground and remote electrical tilt (“RET”) cable are common sources of loose metal-to-metal contact found in the region behind and close to base station antennas. These cables are secured by cable hangers spaced along their length to the antenna support frame to prevent the cables from moving in the wind. Antenna support frames are often constructed using structural steel angle and pipe supports and metal cable hangers are often used to secure the cables to the frame.
- If sufficient torque is not applied to the cable hanger mounting hardware, PIM can be generated at the bracket to support frame interface as well as bracket-to-bracket interfaces. Due to the high clamping force required to secure these brackets, the brackets often break through the galvanized coating on the antenna support frame creating areas of exposed steel. These exposed steel locations can become corroded or rusty over time creating sources of PIM. In addition, due to the large number of mounting brackets on a typical installation, the possibility exists for one bracket to loosely touch another, creating yet another source of PIM.
- In addition to being potential sources of PIM, existing cable hanger mounting hardware are predominantly “single-function” in nature, meaning they are optimized for a single structural member shape. Installation crews deploying RF equipment at cell sites typically do not know the number and type of cable supports needed until they are on the site. If they plan incorrectly, time will be wasted getting the correct hardware to the site.
- A need therefore exists for a low PIM mounting system for cables and other items with the flexibility to be readily adapted to wider range of support configurations.
- The needs described above are met by a low-PIM mounting system including a low-PIM mounting block formed of a polymeric material configured for attachment to a variety of support structures by one or more low-PIM cable ties or pipe clamps. The mounting block includes an anchor block having a receptacle for removably attaching another item to the anchor block, a dual-adapter base integrally formed with the anchor block, and one or more cable tie slots for attaching the mounting block to a support structure with cable ties or pipe clamps. The dual-adapter base includes a pole adapter for removably attaching the dual-adapter base to poles having different diameters. The dual-adapter base also includes a flange adapter for removably attaching the dual-adapter base to flanges having different gauges.
- The pole adapter may include a pair of spaced-apart pole interface surfaces. The flange adapter may include a pair of slots positioned between pole interface surfaces. In alternative embodiments, the anchor block includes a cable hanger receptacle, a rod receptacle, or a pilot hole receptacle. In another alternative embodiment, the anchor block includes a flat mounting plate, which may include a pair of cable hanger receptacles, a rod receptacle, and a pair of cable tie slots.
- It will be understood that specific embodiments may include a variety of features in different combinations, as desired by different users. The specific techniques and systems for implementing particular embodiments of the invention and accomplishing the associated advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments and the appended drawings and claims.
- The numerous advantages of the embodiments of the invention may be better understood with reference to the accompanying figures.
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FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first dual-interface mounting block including a pole adapter, a flange adapter, and a cable hanger receptacle. -
FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the first dual-interface mounting block. -
FIG. 3 is a side view of the first dual-interface mounting block interfacing with masts of different diameters. -
FIG. 4A is a side view of the first dual-interface mounting block interfacing with a flange having a first gauge illustrating a first cable tie path. -
FIG. 4B is a side view of the first dual-interface mounting block interfacing with a flange having a second gauge illustrating a second cable tie path. -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a second dual-interface mounting block including a pole adapter, a flange adapter, and a rod receptacle. -
FIG. 6 is a bottom view of the second dual-interface mounting block including a pole adapter, a flange adapter, and a rod receptacle. -
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a third dual-interface mounting block including a pole adapter, a flange adapter, and a pilot hole receptacle. -
FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the third dual-interface mounting block. -
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a first dual-interface mounting block assembly. -
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a second dual-interface mounting block assembly. -
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a third dual-interface mounting block assembly. -
FIG. 12 is a top perspective view of a multi-function mounting block. -
FIG. 13 is a bottom view of the multi-function mounting block. -
FIG. 14 is a side perspective view of the multi-function mounting block. -
FIG. 15 is a bottom perspective view of the multi-function mounting block with cable ties. -
FIG. 16 is a side view of the multi-function mounting block interfacing with masts with different diameters. -
FIG. 17 is a side view of the multi-function mounting block interfacing with a flange. -
FIG. 18A is a side view of the multi-function mounting block interfacing with a flange having a first gauge illustrating a first cable tie path. -
FIG. 18B is a side view of the multi-function mounting block interfacing with a flange having a second gauge illustrating a second cable tie path. -
FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a first multi-function mounting block assembly. -
FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a second multi-function mounting block assembly. -
FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a third multi-function mounting block assembly. -
FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a fourth multi-function mounting block assembly. -
FIG. 23A is a conceptual side view of a low-PIM multi-function mounting system positioned within a potential PIM reactive zone of a base station antenna. -
FIG. 23B is a conceptual top view of the low-PIM multi-function mounting system positioned within a potential PIM reactive zone of a base station antenna. - Embodiments of the invention may be embodied in a low-PIM mounting system using cable ties or pipe clamps to alternatively secure cables and other items to poles or flanges at base station antenna sites. A first dual-interface mounting block includes a pole adapter, a flange adapter, and a cable hanger receptacle. A second dual-interface mounting block includes a pole adapter, a flange adapter, and a rod receptacle. A third dual-interface mounting block includes a pole adapter, a flange adapter, and a pilot hole receptacle for a self-tapping screw. A multi-function mounting block includes a mounting plate, a pole adapter, a flange adapter, a rod receptacle, and a cable hanger receptacle. Each low-PIM mounting system is fabricated from a low-PIM polymeric material and configured to alternatively secure cables and other items to poles of different diameters or flanges of different gauges using one or more cable ties or pipe clamps.
- The versatility of the system allows a technician to carry a smaller assortment of hardware for connecting cables and other items to different types of support structures, such as masts, angle bars, flat bars and other flanges, in various configurations at cellular base station antenna sites.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view andFIG. 2 is a bottom view of a first example of a dual-interface mounting block. This embodiment is a first dual-interface mounting block 10 including ananchor block 11 and a dual-adapter base 12. The dual-adapter base 12 includes apipe adapter 13 and aflange adapter 14. Theanchor block 11 includes acable tie slot 15 and acable hanger receptacle 16. - A low-PIM cable tie or pipe clamp is inserted through the
cable tie slot 15 and around a support structure, such as a mast or angle bar, to secure the dual-interface mounting block 10 to the support structure. Thepole adapter 13 is configured to interface with masts within a range of different diameters, while theflange adapter 14 is configured to interface with flanges of different gauges (thicknesses). More specifically, thepipe adapter 13 includes a pair of spaced-apartpipe interface surfaces pipe adapter 13 to interface with masts of different diameters. Theflange adapter 14 includes a pair oflinear slots pipe interface surfaces flange adapter 14 to interface with flanges of different gauges. - In this particular embodiment, the
cable hanger receptacle 16 is a standard ¾-inch (1.9 cm) hole sized to receive standard cable hangers, such as the cable hangers described in U.S. Pat. No, 10,637,226, which is incorporated by reference. Thepipe adapter 13 includes a pair of pipe interface surfaces 17A-17B allowing the pipe adapter to mount to masts in a range of varying diameters, similar to the low-PIM cable support brackets described in U.S. Pat. No. 10,724,655, which is incorporated by reference. The entire dual-interface mounting block 10 is fabricated from a low-PIM polymeric material, such as glass-filled nylon. Although the specific disclosed embodiments include one or two cable ties slots, various embodiments, in general, may include one, two or more cable tie slots, each of which may receive one, two or more cable ties or pipe clamps. -
FIG. 3 is a side view of the first dual-interface mounting block 10 interfacing with masts having different diameters, in this illustration afirst mast 30 having a larger diameter and asecond mast 32 having a smaller diameter. The pipe interface surfaces 17A-17B allow thepipe adapter 13 to mount to themasts -
FIGS. 4A and 4B are side views of the first dual-interface mounting block 10 secured to angle supports 40 and 42, respectively, having different thickness (gauge).FIG. 4A shows the first dual-interface mounting block 10 secured to afirst angle bar 40 having a larger gauge that fits snugly within theflange adapter 14 resulting in firstcable tie path 41 around thefirst angle support 40.FIG. 4B shows the first dual-interface mounting block 10 secured to asecond angle support 42 having a smaller gauge that fits caddy-corner within theflange adapter 14 resulting in secondcable tie path 43 around thesecond angle support 42. The ability to tilt the mounting block with respect to the flange and use different cable tie paths allows theflange interface 14 to mount to the flanges having different gauges. While alternate cable tie paths result, the important point is ability to secure the interface block in place to flanges having different gauges. The snug fit version is the typical configuration. For a thinner gauge flange, the interface block rotates until each side of the flange adapter is making contact with a side of the flange. When the cable tie is tightened, the interface block is locked in place and strap tension resists the block rotating. -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view andFIG. 6 is a bottom view of a second dual-interface mounting block 50 including ananchor block 51 and a dual-adapter base 52. The second dual-interface mounting block 50 is similar to the first dual-interface mounting block 10, except that the cable-hanger receptacle 16 of the first dual-interface mounting block 10 is replaced by arod receptacle 53 in the second dual-interface mounting block 50. As shown inFIG. 6 , the bottom side of therod receptacle 53 includes ahex receptacle 54 for capturing a hex nut or bolt head. -
FIG. 7 is a perspective view andFIG. 8 is a bottom view of a third dual-interface mounting block 70 including ananchor block 71 and a dual-adapter base 72. The third dual-interface mounting block 70 is similar to the first dual-interface mounting block 10, except that the cable-hanger receptacle 16 of the first dual-interface mounting block 10 is replaced by apilot hole receptacle 73 for a self-tapping screw in the third dual-interface mounting block 70. -
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a dual-interfacemounting block assembly 90 including a first dual-interface mounting block 95 secured to aflange 91 of aflat bar 92 support structure. Acable tie 93 extends through thecable tie slot 15 of the first dual-interface mounting block 95 and around theflat bar 92. In this particular embodiment, theflange 91 of theflat bar 92 is snugly received in theflange adapter 14 of the first dual-interface mounting block 95. -
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a second dual-interfacemounting block assembly 100 including a dual-interface mounting block 105 secured to amast 101 support structure. Acable tie 102 extends through the cable tie slot of the dual-interface mounting block 105 and aroundmast 101 support structure. In this particular embodiment, ahex bolt 103 attached to a hex nut captured in the rod receptacle of the dual-interface mounting block 105 secures asafety warning sign 104 to the dual-interface mounting block. -
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a third dual-interfacemounting block assembly 110 that includes three dual-interface mounting blocks common mast 112 support structure. In this particular embodiment, twocable ties mounting blocks common mast 112 support structure. -
FIG. 12 is a top perspective,FIG. 13 is a bottom view, andFIG. 14 is a side perspective view of amulti-function mounting block 120 including ananchor block 121 and a dual-adapter base 122. The dual-adapter base 122 is similar to the dual-adapter base 12 in the dual-interface mounting blocks 10, 50 and 70 described previously. Theanchor block 121 includes aflat mounting plate 123 and ahex receptacle 130 for capturing a hex nut bolt head. In this particular example, theflat mounting plate 123 includes twocable tie slots multi-function mounting block 120 to a mast or flange support structure. Theanchor block 121 also includes two mountingholes rod receptacle 126 for securing items to theanchor block 121, such as signs, control boxes and the like. The mountingholes -
FIG. 15 is a bottom perspective view of themulti-function mounting block 150 withcable ties FIG. 16 is a side view of amulti-function mounting block 160 interfacing with masts withdifferent diameters FIG. 17 is a side view of amulti-function mounting block 170 interfacing with aflange 171. -
FIGS. 18A and 18B are side views of themulti-function mounting block 180 secured to angle supports 181 and 186, respectively, having different thickness (gauge).FIG. 18A shows themulti-function mounting block 180 secured to afirst angle support 181 having a larger gauge that fits snugly within theflange adapter 185 resulting in firstcable tie path 184 around thefirst angle support 181.FIG. 18B shows themulti-function mounting block 180 secured to asecond angle support 186 having a smaller gauge that fits caddy-corner within theflange adapter 185 resulting in secondcable tie path 182 around thesecond angle support 186. -
FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a first multi-function mountingblock assembly 190 including amulti-function mounting block 191 attached to amast 192 support structure. Themulti-function mounting block 191 also supports cable support blocks 193 attached to a threadedrod 194, which is attached to therod receptacle 195 of the multi-function mounting block. -
FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a second multi-function mountingblock assembly 200. This embodiment is similar to the first multi-function mountingblock assembly 190 except that themulti-function mounting block 201 also supports a pair ofcable hangers -
FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a third multi-function mountingblock assembly 210. This embodiment includes amulti-function mounting block 211 mounted to anangle bar 212 supporting twocable hangers -
FIG. 22 is a perspective view of a fourth multi-function mountingblock assembly 220 including three multi-function mountingblocks common mast 222. -
FIG. 23A is a conceptual side view andFIG. 23B is a conceptual top view of a representative basestation cell site 230 that includes abase station antenna 231 supported by a mountingstructure 232. To briefly recap the problem to be solved, theantenna 231 directionally broadcasts higher-power downlink communication signals away from the antenna (generally referred to as the “main beam” of the antenna) within adownlink frequency channel 233 to registered mobile communication devices within the communication reach of the antenna. Theantenna 231 also receives lower-power uplink communication signals from the registered mobile communication devices within a separateuplink frequency channel 234 allowing for duplex communications, such as mobile telephone conversations, between theantenna 231 and the registered mobile communication devices within the communication reach of the antenna. Passive intermodulation (“PIM”) interference occurs when the downlink signals within thedownlink frequency channel 233 mix at nonlinear junctions near theantenna 231 to create noise within theuplink frequency channel 234 received by the antenna. The PIM interference decreases the signal-to-interference plus-noise ratio (“SINR”) of the uplink within the uplink channel of theantenna 231, which reduces the communication quality and information carrying capacity (bandwidth) of the uplink frequency channel. - It is well documented that loosely touching metal-to-metal surfaces can behave in a non-linear fashion and become sources of PIM interference when illuminated by high power RF signals. For this reasons, the coaxial cables and other components associated with operation of the antenna are located well outside and behind the main beam of the antenna. It has recently been determined, however, that loose metal-to-metal connections located behind a base station antenna can generate high levels of passive intermodulation. Even though this region is well outside the main beam of the antenna, enough RF energy can be present in this region to excite non-linear objects and generate PIM interference. Metal brackets and associated hardware for supporting RF, optical, ground and remote electrical tilt (“RET”) cables are common sources of loose metal-to-metal contact found in this region behind and close to the base station antenna. Embodiments of the present invention include a range of low-PIM multi-function mounting system designed to mitigate the generate PIM interference by the equipment used to support the cables and other components associated with the operation of the antenna, which are typically located near the antenna outside the main beam of the antenna.
- To develop standards for mitigating PIM, technicians may define a potential PIM
reactive zone 235 in which PIM mitigation equipment should be installed.FIGS. 23A-23B illustrate this practice for a representative example basestation antenna site 230, in which a low-PIMmulti-function mounting system 250 is attached to a mountingstructure 232 within a potential PIMreactive zone 235 defined for theantenna 231. In this example, the representative low-PIMmulti-function mounting system 250 is located well outside themain beam 233 and physically behind theantenna 231 on the opposite side of the mountingstructure 232 from the antenna. The low-PIMmulti-function mounting system 250 is nevertheless specified to provide PIM mitigation because it is still located with the potential PIMreactive zone 235 defined for theantenna 231. The low-PIMmulti-function mounting system 250 is representative the embodiments of the invention generally, as all of the embodiments described in the disclosure, and variations of these specific examples, are intended for deployment as PIM mitigation measures in the potential PIM reactive zones of cellular base station antennas. - While the low-PIM embodiments of the present invention can be utilized in any desired location, they are particularly effective for mitigating PIM interference when deployed in the potential PIM
reactive zone 235 near thebase station antenna 231. Although PIM generation is a function of the antenna broadcast frequency and power, technicians may use a standard distance, such as 10-feet from theantenna 231, to establish the potential PIMreactive zone 235 where PIM mitigation is appropriate. As other options, the potential PIMreactive zone 235 may be established to be a function of the antenna broadcast frequency, such as one or two wavelengths of the mainbeam frequency channel 233 of theantenna 231. Other factors, such as the broadcast power of theantenna 231, the presence of reflective surfaces in the physical environment of the antenna, the width of the uplink channel, the use of electronic filtering, and other relevant factors may also be taken into account when establishing the potential PIM reactive zone for a particular antenna. For administrative simplicity, however, the size of a PIMreactive zone 235 may ultimately be defined to be a set distance, such as 10-feet from the antenna. - Although particular aspects of the present subject matter have been shown and described in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, based upon the teachings of this disclosure, changes and modifications may be made without departing from the subject matter described in this disclosure and its broader aspects and, therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as are within the true spirit and scope of the subject matter described in this disclosure. Although particular embodiments of this disclosure have been illustrated, it is apparent that various modifications and embodiments of the disclosure may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. It will therefore be appreciated that the present invention provides significant improvements. The foregoing relates only to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and that numerous changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
Claims (20)
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US17/669,418 US11437801B1 (en) | 2021-02-15 | 2022-02-11 | Low-PIM multi-function mounting system |
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US202163149416P | 2021-02-15 | 2021-02-15 | |
US17/669,418 US11437801B1 (en) | 2021-02-15 | 2022-02-11 | Low-PIM multi-function mounting system |
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US20220263304A1 true US20220263304A1 (en) | 2022-08-18 |
US11437801B1 US11437801B1 (en) | 2022-09-06 |
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US (1) | US11437801B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4292168A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2022219981B2 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2022219981A1 (en) | 2023-07-20 |
US11437801B1 (en) | 2022-09-06 |
CA3215900A1 (en) | 2022-08-18 |
AU2022219981B2 (en) | 2023-08-17 |
WO2022174001A1 (en) | 2022-08-18 |
EP4292168A1 (en) | 2023-12-20 |
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