US20220220598A1 - Method for producing a steel strip with improved bonding of metallic hot-dip coatings - Google Patents
Method for producing a steel strip with improved bonding of metallic hot-dip coatings Download PDFInfo
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- US20220220598A1 US20220220598A1 US17/600,245 US202017600245A US2022220598A1 US 20220220598 A1 US20220220598 A1 US 20220220598A1 US 202017600245 A US202017600245 A US 202017600245A US 2022220598 A1 US2022220598 A1 US 2022220598A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- steel strip
- layer
- oxygen
- zinc
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 235
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 115
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zinc Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zn] HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 zinc-aluminium-magnesium Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000789 Aluminium-silicon alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[Si] Chemical compound [AlH3].[Si] KMWBBMXGHHLDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 83
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229960005191 ferric oxide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000001336 glow discharge atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910006147 SO3NH2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- HJMZMZRCABDKKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonocyanidic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C#N HJMZMZRCABDKKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017149 Fe(BF4)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009863 impact test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfamate Chemical compound NS([O-])(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FZUJWWOKDIGOKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.OS(O)(=O)=O FZUJWWOKDIGOKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/68—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment
- C21D1/70—Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0222—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating in a reactive atmosphere, e.g. oxidising or reducing atmosphere
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/026—Deposition of sublayers, e.g. adhesion layers or pre-applied alloying elements or corrosion protection
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
- C23C28/025—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
- C23C28/028—Including graded layers in composition or in physical properties, e.g. density, porosity, grain size
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
- C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
- C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/10—Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/20—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of iron
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a cold-rolled or hot-rolled steel strip having a metallic coat, the steel strip comprises iron as a main constituent and, in addition to carbon, an Mn content of 4.1 to 8.0 wt. % and optionally one or more of the alloy elements Al, Si, Cr, B, Ti, V, Nb and/or Mo. Furthermore, the invention relates to a steel strip with a metallic coat applied by means of hot-dipping, and to the use of such a steel strip.
- aluminium-silicon AS/AlSi
- zinc Z
- zinc-aluminium ZA
- zinc-iron ZF/galvannealed
- zinc-magnesium-aluminium ZM/ZAM
- aluminium-zinc AZ
- Laid-open document WO 2013/007578 A2 discloses that high strength steels having higher contents of elements in wt. % of up to 35.0% Mn, up to 10.0% Al, up to 10.0% Si, up to 5.0% Cr form, during the course of the annealing of the steel strip upstream of the hot-dip coating procedure, selectively passive, non-wettable oxides on the steel surface, whereby the bonding of the coat on the steel strip surface is impaired and this can result at the same time in the formation of non-galvanised locations. These oxides are formed by reason of the prevailing annealing atmosphere which inevitably always contains small traces of H 2 O or O 2 and has an oxidising effect on said elements.
- the document discloses inter alia a method in which, during the course of annealing under oxidising conditions in a first step pre-oxidation of the steel strip takes place, by means of which an FeO layer providing targeted covering is produced which prevents selective external oxidation of the alloy elements. In a second step, this layer is then reduced to form metallic iron.
- Patent document DE 10 2013 105 378 B3 discloses a method for producing a flat steel product which contains, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities, the following in wt. %: up to 35 Mn, up to 10 Al, up to 10 Si and up to 5 Cr.
- Laid-open document DE 10 2010 037 254 A1 discloses a method for hot-dip coating of a flat steel product, wherein the flat steel product is produced from a rust-proof steel which contains, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities, the following in wt. %: 5 to 30 Cr, ⁇ 6 Mn, ⁇ 2 Si and ⁇ 0.2 Al.
- the flat steel product is first heated in an oxidising pre-oxidation atmosphere, then held under a reducing holding atmosphere and then passed through a melting bath.
- Laid-open documents US 2016 010 23 79 A1 and US 2013 030 49 82 A1 each disclose a method for producing a coated steel strip which contains the following in wt. %: 0.5 to 2 Si, 1 to 3 Mn, 0.01 to 0.8 Cr and 0,01 to 0.1 Al. After oxidation treatment of the steel strip in an oxidative atmosphere, the steel strip is annealed in a reducing manner and subsequently is hot-dip coated.
- a method for the production of a coated steel sheet with reduced surface flaws, wherein a coating of zinc or a zinc alloy is applied to at least one surface of a steel strip.
- a layer of Fe is provided immediately below the zinc or zinc alloy coating and, immediately below the layer of Fe, a layer in which oxygen-affine elements of the steel are concentrated is provided.
- the low-carbon or very low-carbon steel strip to which the Fe-plating is applied contains at least one component selected from the group: Si, Mn, P, Ti, Nb, Al, Ni, Cu, Mo, V, Cr and B in a quantity of at least 0.1 wt.
- the Fe layer comprises an application weight of 0.1 to 10 g/m 2 , an oxygen content of 0.1 to 10 wt. % and a carbon content of 0.01 wt. % to less than 10 wt. %.
- the target should be that, at the boundary surface between the oxygen-containing Fe layer and the steel strip, a layer is produced during the annealing prior to the hot-dip coating in which oxygen-affine elements contained in the steel are concentrated. In this way, the further diffusion of the oxygen-affine elements contained in the steel in the direction of the Fe plate surface should be prevented and good galvanising capability achieved.
- a method for producing a cold-rolled steel strip with an Mn content between 1 and 6 wt. % and a C content less than 0.3 wt. % and with a metallic coat.
- the steel strip is electroplated with a layer of pure iron, the iron layer is then oxidised to form an iron oxide layer and then reduced at a temperature between 750° C. and 900° C. in an atmosphere with 1 to 20 vol. % hydrogen.
- a zinc coat is then applied by hot-dip coating.
- laid-open document CN 109 477 191 A discloses a further cold-rolled or hot-rolled coated steel strip with a coating.
- the steel strip comprises 0.08 to 0.3 wt. % C, 3.1 to 8.0 wt. % Mn, 0.01 to 2.0 wt. % Si, 0.001 to 0.5 wt. % Al.
- the coating consists of a layer based on elemental iron and a metallic coat applied thereto by means of hot-dip coating.
- the metallic coat is made from zinc, zinc-iron, zinc-aluminium or zinc-aluminium-magnesium.
- EP 2 918 696 Al a further steel strip of 0.05 to 0.50 wt. % C, 0.5 to 5.0 wt. % Mn, 0.2 to 3.0 wt. % Si and 0.001 to 1.0 wt. % Al is described, which is hot-dip coated with a Zn-Fe alloy.
- the steel strip has at its boundary surface with respect to the Zn-Fe coating a layer with at least 50 vol. % ferrite and at least 90% non-oxidised iron.
- laid-open document WO 2015/001 367 A1 discloses a steel strip with an Mn content between 3.5 and 10.0 wt. % and a C content between 0.1 and 0.5 wt. %, on which a lower layer of pure ferrite with a layer thickness between 10 and 50 ⁇ m, a further lower layer of iron and oxides with a layer thickness between 1 and 8 ⁇ m and a cover layer of pure iron with a layer thickness of 50 to 300 nm is disposed.
- a hot-dip coating with Al, Zn or alloys thereof is carried out on the cover layer.
- This oxide margin consisting of oxides of the alloy elements is a weak point in the system when it comes to adhesion. This means that at the boundary surface of the reduced iron oxide layer or oxygen-containing iron layer with respect to the steel substrate, an adhesion failure can often be observed at this point e.g. during a deformation process.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a cold-rolled or hot-rolled steel strip with a metallic coat, which, in addition to carbon, contains iron as a main constituent, an Mn content of 4.1 to 8.0 wt. % and optionally further oxygen-affine elements such as e.g. Al, Si, Cr, B, which provides uniform and reproducible adhesion conditions for the coat on the steel strip surface irrespective of the actual alloy composition of the steel strip.
- a metallic coat which, in addition to carbon, contains iron as a main constituent, an Mn content of 4.1 to 8.0 wt. % and optionally further oxygen-affine elements such as e.g. Al, Si, Cr, B, which provides uniform and reproducible adhesion conditions for the coat on the steel strip surface irrespective of the actual alloy composition of the steel strip.
- the embodiments of the invention include a method for producing a cold-rolled or hot-rolled steel strip having a metallic coat with improved adhesion, the steel strip comprises iron as a main constituent and, in addition to carbon, an Mn content of 4.1 to 8.0 wt.
- the surface of the uncoated steel strip is cleaned, a layer of pure iron is applied onto the cleaned surface, onto the layer of pure iron an oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is applied which layer contains more than 5 mass % of oxygen, then the steel strip together with the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is subjected to annealing treatment and, in order to achieve a surface consisting substantially of metallic iron, is reduction-treated during the course of the annealing treatment in a reducing furnace atmosphere and the steel strip thus treated and subjected to annealing treatment is then hot-dip coated with the metallic coat, which is characterised in that after the cleaning and before the application of the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer a layer of pure iron is applied.
- an aspect of the invention also comprises a steel strip, in addition to carbon, iron as a main constituent, an Mn content of 4.1 to 8.0 wt. % and optionally also one or more of the alloy elements Al, Si, Cr, B, Ti, V, Nb and/or Mo with a metallic coat applied by means of hot-dipping to the steel strip surface, which is characterised in that, in the transition region between the metallic coat and the steel strip surface, a predominantly ferritic edge zone with more than 60 vol. % ferrite is formed which has a thickness of 0.15 to 1.1 ⁇ m.
- the invention further comprises the use of a steel strip in accordance with the invention for the production of parts of motor vehicles.
- FIG. 1 shows a scanning electron microscopic image of the surface of a medium manganese steel before and after deposition of a pre-coating of pure iron and oxygen-containing, iron-based layer in accordance with an aspect of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows the results of depth profile analysis by means of GDOES (glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy) on the medium manganese steel samples shown in FIG. 1 after annealing.
- GDOES low discharge optical emission spectroscopy
- the invention is embodied as a combination of a pure iron coating applied to the steel strip surface with an oxygen-containing iron coating deposited thereover with subsequent annealing and hot-dip finishing.
- a pure iron layer is understood to be a layer with an average iron content of more than 96 wt. %.
- the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is understood to be a layer with an iron content in wt. % of at least 50%, which contains oxygen of more than 5 wt. % in the form of oxides and/or hydroxides.
- the oxides and/or hydroxides can be present in the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer both in the form of crystalline, amorphous compounds and/or as mixtures of crystalline, e.g. magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), and amorphous compounds.
- the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is understood to be both a homogeneous stoichiometric iron-oxide layer e.g. a magnetite layer (Fe 3 O 4 ), and also a metallic iron layer which contains oxidic and/or hydroxidic inclusions (dispersion layer). Therefore, the distribution of the amorphous and/or crystalline compounds is also not limited. Therefore the layer is characterised in that it contains oxygen-containing, reducible iron species.
- iron(II) species precipitate as hydroxides.
- Iron with a purity in wt. % of greater than 99.5 is preferably used as the anode material.
- Electrolyte cells with separated anode and cathode chambers can also be used, whereby the use of oxygen-generating or insoluble anodes is rendered possible.
- a conductive salt can optionally be added to the electrolyte.
- further additives such as e.g. surfactants to improve wetting and/or defoaming is also possible.
- the electrolytic deposition takes place at current densities which produce a deposition thickness which is homogeneous over the strip length irrespective of the respective strip speed. Furthermore, the current density is dependent upon the anode construction length in the running direction of the strip. Typical values are between 1 and 150 A/dm 2 per strip side. Below 1 A/dm 2 excessively long processing lengths are required and consequently the process cannot be operated economically. In the case of current densities above 150 A/dm 2 a homogeneous deposition is rendered significantly more difficult owing to burning-on or dendrite formation.
- the duration of the electrolytic deposition is dependent on the processing length, the current density, the current yield and the desired layer contact and is typically between 1 s and 30 s per side. Exemplified compositions of aqueous electrolytes and deposition conditions are shown in Table 1.
- the deposition of the pure iron layer takes place with an electrolyte temperature of 60° C. with a current density of 30 A/dm 2 using an iron anode with a purity in wt. % of greater than 99.5 in an aqueous sulphuric acid electrolyte of the following composition: 60 g/l iron(II), 20 g/l sodium, pH 1.8.
- the preferred deposition of the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer takes place electrolytically from an Fe(II)-containing and/or Fe(III)-containing electrolyte.
- an Fe(II)-containing and/or Fe(III)-containing electrolyte For this purpose, sulphatic or chloridic electrolytes and combinations thereof are typically used, the pH value of which is generally less than or equal to 5.5.
- a basic electrolyte with a pH value>10 is also possible when using a suitable complexing agent such as e.g. triethanolamine (TEA).
- TAA triethanolamine
- the electrolytic deposition takes place at current densities which produce a deposition thickness which is homogeneous over the strip length irrespective of the respective strip speed.
- the current density is dependent upon the anode construction length in the running direction of the strip. Typical values are between 1 and 150 A/dm 2 per strip side. Below 1 A/dm 2 excessively long processing lengths are required and consequently the process cannot be operated economically. In the case of current densities above 150 A/dm 2 a homogeneous deposition is rendered significantly more difficult owing to burning-on or dendrite formation.
- the deposition time is dependent on the processing length, the current density, the current yield and the desired layer contact and is typically between 1 s and 30 s per side. Exemplified compositions of aqueous electrolytes and deposition conditions are shown in Table 2.
- a complexing agent for the iron ions is also required in addition to said Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions in the acid electrolyte.
- This is typically a compound with one or more carbonyl functionalities such as citric acid, acetic acid or even nitriloacetic acid (NTA) or ethanolamine.
- Iron with a purity in wt. % of greater than 99.5 is preferably used as the anode material.
- Electrolyte cells with separated anode and cathode chambers can also be used, whereby the use of oxygen-generating or insoluble anodes is rendered possible.
- a conductive salt can optionally be added to the electrolyte.
- further additives such as e.g. surfactants to improve wetting or defoaming is also possible.
- the deposition of the oxygen-containing iron layer takes place at 60° C. with a current density of 30 A/dm 2 using an iron anode with a purity in wt. % of greater than 99.5 in an aqueous sulphuric acid electrolyte with the following composition: 60 g/l iron(II), 3 g/l iron(III), 25 g/l sodium, 11 g/l citrate pH 1.8.
- the surface of the steel strip is activated prior to the deposition with the pure iron layer preferably by cleaning in a usually alkaline aqueous medium and a subsequent optional deoxidation in an acid aqueous medium.
- a sulphuric acid bath with an acid content of 20 to 70 g/l at temperatures of 30 to 70° C. is preferably used for the deoxidation.
- the subsequent coating with the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer onto the previously deposited pure iron layer is preferably effected wet-in-wet or after drying of the steel strip surface.
- the steel strip surface is preferably dried in order to prevent undefined ingress of water into the annealing furnace atmosphere.
- a rinse can optionally be used after each process step.
- the deposition of the layers can thus take place within one or a plurality of electrolyte cells disposed one after another, the construction of which is preferably horizontal or vertical.
- the pure iron layer in advantageous developments of the invention, provision is made for the pure iron layer to be formed with an average thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 ⁇ m and the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer with an average thickness of 0.1 to 0.6 ⁇ m. It has proved to be advantageous for improved adhesion conditions of the hot-dip coat if the pure iron layer has an average thickness of 0.1 to 0.4 ⁇ m and the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer an average thickness of 0.2 to 0.5 ⁇ m. In addition it is advantageous for the adhesion of the hot-dip coat if the average thickness of the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is greater than the average thickness of the pure iron layer.
- the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer has an oxygen proportion of more than 5 to 40 wt. %, advantageously more than 10 to 30 wt. %. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, this layer has an oxygen content of more than 12 to 25 wt. %.
- the more oxygen is incorporated into the iron layer the more strongly the disadvantageous external oxidation of alloy elements on the surface can be suppressed since this oxygen is used by the alloy elements for internal oxidation during the annealing prior to the hot-dip coating.
- the quantity of the oxygen incorporated into the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is dependent to a considerable degree on the deposition conditions. Owing to technical and economic boundary conditions, the expedient maximum value for the oxygen content is 40 wt. %.
- the pure iron layer itself can be applied in accordance with the invention either electrolytically or by deposition from the vapour phase, while the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is advantageously deposited electrolytically.
- a layer with an average iron content of more than 96 wt. % is understood as a pure iron layer.
- the steel substrate for a steel strip produced in accordance with the invention with a metallic hot-dip coat can have the following composition in wt. %:
- the method in accordance with the invention also comprises an annealing treatment of the steel strip, provided with a pure iron layer and an oxygen-containing, iron-based layer applied thereto, in a continuous annealing furnace.
- This furnace can be a combination of a furnace part with open combustion (DFF, direct fired furnace/NOF, non-oxidising furnace) and a radiant tube furnace (RTF) disposed downstream thereof or can even take place in an all radiant tube furnace.
- the steel strip is annealed at an annealing temperature of 550° C. to 880° C. and an average heating rate of 1 K/s to 100 K/s, and a holding time of the steel strip at the annealing temperature between 30 s and 650 s.
- a reducing annealing atmosphere consisting of 2% to 40% H2 and 98 to 60% N2 and a dew point between +15° C. and ⁇ 70° C. is used. Then the strip is cooled to a temperature above the melting bath temperature of the coat and subsequently coated with the metallic coat.
- the strip can be cooled to a so-called overaging temperature between 200° C. and 600° C. and held at this temperature for up to 500 s. If an overaging temperature below the melting bath temperature of the coat is selected in order e.g. to influence the microstructure and the resulting technological characteristic values of the steel, the strip can be reheated, e.g. by inductive heating, prior to entry into the melting bath, to a temperature above the melting bath temperature between 400° C. and 750° C. in order not to extract heat from the melting bath by reason of the cold steel strip.
- the use of the pre-coatings in accordance with the invention renders an additional introduction of steam in order to increase the dew point, as in the previously known methods, unnecessary.
- the ratio of the partial pressures of the steam and hydrogen during the annealing in the radiant tube furnace to be in the range of 0.00077>pH 2 O/pH 2 >0.00021, advantageously between 0.00254>pH 2 O/pH 2 >0.00021.
- An exemplified advantageous implementation of the method for the production of a steel strip in accordance with the invention with improved adhesion of a hot-dip galvanisation makes provision that a hot-rolled steel strip (hot strip) is first acid-cleaned then cold-rolled and then galvanised in a hot-dip galvanising line.
- the strip passes through a pre-cleaning section, after the pre-cleaning the strip passes further through a strip activation (acid-cleaning/deoxidation) and subsequently 6 electrolyte cells.
- an iron layer is deposited, in the following 3 cells an oxygen-containing, iron-based layer.
- the coated strip then passes through a rinse and drying.
- the strip then passes into the furnace section of the galvanising line, is annealed and galvanised.
- Metallic coats for the steel strip annealed in this manner can be e.g. aluminium-silicon (AS, AlSi), zinc (Z), zinc-aluminium (ZA, galfan), zinc-aluminium-iron (ZF, galvannealed), zinc-magnesium-aluminium (ZM, ZAM) or aluminium-zinc (AZ, galvalume).
- the metallic coat is based on zinc and the zinc coat contains 0.1 to 1 wt. % Al or 0.1 to 6 wt. % Al and 0.1 to 6 wt. % Mg or 5 to 15 wt. % Fe.
- a steel strip in accordance with the invention is further characterised in that in the transition region between the metallic coat and the steel strip surface a predominantly ferritic edge zone with more than 60 vol. % ferrite is formed which advantageously has a thickness of 0.15 to 1.1 ⁇ m and particularly advantageously a thickness between 0.3 and 0.9 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of this edge zone results directly from the deposited pre-coatings, which, even after annealing and hot-dip coating, has microstructure characteristics deviating from the steel substrate and therefore the desired positive effects.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the results of trials by way of example.
- FIG. 1 shows a scanning electron microscopic image of the surface of a medium manganese steel before and after deposition of a pre-coating of pure iron and oxygen-containing, iron-based layer in accordance with the invention.
- the medium manganese steel comprises 6 mass percent Mn and 2 mass percent Si+Al.
- the images show the surface before and after deposition of the pre-coating of pure iron and oxygen-containing, iron-based layer in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of depth profile analyses by means of GDOES (glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy) on the medium manganese steel samples shown in FIG. 1 after annealing at 700° C. for 120 seconds in a nitrogen atmosphere with 5% hydrogen (H 2 ) and 95% nitrogen dioxide (N 2 ) with a furnace dew point of ⁇ 50° C.
- the surfaces of the samples with the pre-treatment in accordance with the invention display significantly lower contents of the elements which are disadvantageous for hot-dip coating: oxygen, manganese, silicon and aluminium.
- the following table 3 shows the results of galvanising trials which were carried out on a hot-dip galvanising simulator with sample sheets of medium manganese steel (6 mass percent Mn and 2 mass percent Si+Al).
- the deposition of the pre-coatings was carried out electrolytically with a current density of 75 A/dm 2 per side.
- the trials were carried out in two different heat treatments (800° C. for 200 seconds and 700° C. for 120 seconds). Samples with complete zinc wetting and good adhesion could be achieved only by means of a pre-coating of pure iron and pre-coating of an oxygen-containing, iron-based layer disposed thereover.
- the coat adhesion is checked in two different test geometries in order to ensure the adhesion when the steels are used for different purposes.
- the coat adhesion was tested during the deformation process by means of a ball impact test according to SEP1931. In this test, a semi-spherical stamp is struck with high impact energy against a sample sheet. A cup-shaped impression is made in the sample sheet by the impact force. This process is carried out—possibly a number of times—until an incipient crack is produced in the sample sheet. The surface is then checked visually for detachment and scaling of the zinc-based coat in the region of the cup. The result is evaluated with scores from 1-4 (scores 1+2 pass, scores 3+4 fail).
- the coat adhesion in the case of a crash is checked by means of a glue bead test.
- a glue bead test is applied in a defined geometry, preferably 10 mm wide and 5 mm deep of a 1K epoxy resin structure adhesive to the sample sheet.
- the adhesive is then cured according to the data sheet and the sample is then quickly bent by 90° within a maximum of 2 s. During this process the glue bead breaks under the severe stress and abruptly pulls on the coat which is already stressed by the bending action.
- the samples are then visually assessed for zinc detachment.
- Advantages of the invention include the following: (i) reproducible good adhesion of the metallic coat to the steel substrate; (ii) improvement of the galvanising capability of steels with high manganese contents between 4.1 and 8 mass percent; and (iii) improvement in the visual surface quality of the hot-dip coat.
- hydrogen in the electrolytic deposition in accordance with the invention, hydrogen can also be formed as a by-product on the cathode and is initially present in atomically adsorbed form on the surface and can be absorbed by the steel substrate later in the process. However, during the subsequent annealing process, the conditions for the effusion of the incorporated hydrogen are present.
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Abstract
Description
- The present application claims the priority benefits of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2020/058805, filed Mar. 27, 2020, and claims benefit of German
patent application DE 10 2019 108 457.1, filed Apr. 1, 2019. - The invention relates to a method for producing a cold-rolled or hot-rolled steel strip having a metallic coat, the steel strip comprises iron as a main constituent and, in addition to carbon, an Mn content of 4.1 to 8.0 wt. % and optionally one or more of the alloy elements Al, Si, Cr, B, Ti, V, Nb and/or Mo. Furthermore, the invention relates to a steel strip with a metallic coat applied by means of hot-dipping, and to the use of such a steel strip.
- The following are known inter alia for the coatings or alloy coatings applied by hot-dipping: aluminium-silicon (AS/AlSi), zinc (Z), zinc-aluminium (ZA), zinc-iron (ZF/galvannealed), zinc-magnesium-aluminium (ZM/ZAM) and aluminium-zinc (AZ). These corrosion protection coatings are typically applied to the steel strip (hot strip or cold strip) in continuous feed-through processes in a melting bath.
- Laid-open document WO 2013/007578 A2 discloses that high strength steels having higher contents of elements in wt. % of up to 35.0% Mn, up to 10.0% Al, up to 10.0% Si, up to 5.0% Cr form, during the course of the annealing of the steel strip upstream of the hot-dip coating procedure, selectively passive, non-wettable oxides on the steel surface, whereby the bonding of the coat on the steel strip surface is impaired and this can result at the same time in the formation of non-galvanised locations. These oxides are formed by reason of the prevailing annealing atmosphere which inevitably always contains small traces of H2O or O2 and has an oxidising effect on said elements.
- The document discloses inter alia a method in which, during the course of annealing under oxidising conditions in a first step pre-oxidation of the steel strip takes place, by means of which an FeO layer providing targeted covering is produced which prevents selective external oxidation of the alloy elements. In a second step, this layer is then reduced to form metallic iron.
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Patent document DE 10 2013 105 378 B3 discloses a method for producing a flat steel product which contains, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities, the following in wt. %: up to 35 Mn, up to 10 Al, up to 10 Si and up to 5 Cr. After heating in a pre-heating furnace, in which the flat steel product is subjected to an oxidising atmosphere and recrystallisation annealing in the annealing furnace, in which an annealing atmosphere acting in a reducing manner with respect to FeO prevails, the flat steel product is coated in the hot-dip bath. - Laid-open document DE 10 2010 037 254 A1 discloses a method for hot-dip coating of a flat steel product, wherein the flat steel product is produced from a rust-proof steel which contains, in addition to iron and unavoidable impurities, the following in wt. %: 5 to 30 Cr, <6 Mn, <2 Si and <0.2 Al. The flat steel product is first heated in an oxidising pre-oxidation atmosphere, then held under a reducing holding atmosphere and then passed through a melting bath.
- Laid-open documents US 2016 010 23 79 A1 and US 2013 030 49 82 A1 each disclose a method for producing a coated steel strip which contains the following in wt. %: 0.5 to 2 Si, 1 to 3 Mn, 0.01 to 0.8 Cr and 0,01 to 0.1 Al. After oxidation treatment of the steel strip in an oxidative atmosphere, the steel strip is annealed in a reducing manner and subsequently is hot-dip coated.
- From patent document DE 693 12 003 T2 a method is also known for the production of a coated steel sheet with reduced surface flaws, wherein a coating of zinc or a zinc alloy is applied to at least one surface of a steel strip. In addition, immediately below the zinc or zinc alloy coating, a layer of Fe is provided and, immediately below the layer of Fe, a layer in which oxygen-affine elements of the steel are concentrated is provided. The low-carbon or very low-carbon steel strip to which the Fe-plating is applied contains at least one component selected from the group: Si, Mn, P, Ti, Nb, Al, Ni, Cu, Mo, V, Cr and B in a quantity of at least 0.1 wt. % for Si, Ti, Ni, Cu, Mo, Cr and V and at least 0.5 wt. % for Mn, at least 0.05 wt. % for P, Al and Nb and at least 0.001 wt. % for B. The Fe layer comprises an application weight of 0.1 to 10 g/m2, an oxygen content of 0.1 to 10 wt. % and a carbon content of 0.01 wt. % to less than 10 wt. %. In this case, the target should be that, at the boundary surface between the oxygen-containing Fe layer and the steel strip, a layer is produced during the annealing prior to the hot-dip coating in which oxygen-affine elements contained in the steel are concentrated. In this way, the further diffusion of the oxygen-affine elements contained in the steel in the direction of the Fe plate surface should be prevented and good galvanising capability achieved.
- Furthermore, from laid-open document US 2018/0 119 263 A1 a method is known for producing a cold-rolled steel strip with an Mn content between 1 and 6 wt. % and a C content less than 0.3 wt. % and with a metallic coat. In this case, the steel strip is electroplated with a layer of pure iron, the iron layer is then oxidised to form an iron oxide layer and then reduced at a temperature between 750° C. and 900° C. in an atmosphere with 1 to 20 vol. % hydrogen. A zinc coat is then applied by hot-dip coating.
- In laid-open document US 2004/0 121 162 A1 a cold-rolled or hot-rolled steel strip with up to 0.5 wt. % C and with up to 15 wt. % Mn and with a coating is also already described. The coating comprises, starting from the steel strip, iron plating and a metallic zinc coat.
- Furthermore, laid-open document CN 109 477 191 A discloses a further cold-rolled or hot-rolled coated steel strip with a coating. The steel strip comprises 0.08 to 0.3 wt. % C, 3.1 to 8.0 wt. % Mn, 0.01 to 2.0 wt. % Si, 0.001 to 0.5 wt. % Al. The coating consists of a layer based on elemental iron and a metallic coat applied thereto by means of hot-dip coating. The metallic coat is made from zinc, zinc-iron, zinc-aluminium or zinc-aluminium-magnesium.
- In laid-open document EP 2 918 696 Al a further steel strip of 0.05 to 0.50 wt. % C, 0.5 to 5.0 wt. % Mn, 0.2 to 3.0 wt. % Si and 0.001 to 1.0 wt. % Al is described, which is hot-dip coated with a Zn-Fe alloy. The steel strip has at its boundary surface with respect to the Zn-Fe coating a layer with at least 50 vol. % ferrite and at least 90% non-oxidised iron.
- Furthermore, laid-open document WO 2015/001 367 A1 discloses a steel strip with an Mn content between 3.5 and 10.0 wt. % and a C content between 0.1 and 0.5 wt. %, on which a lower layer of pure ferrite with a layer thickness between 10 and 50 μm, a further lower layer of iron and oxides with a layer thickness between 1 and 8 μm and a cover layer of pure iron with a layer thickness of 50 to 300 nm is disposed. A hot-dip coating with Al, Zn or alloys thereof is carried out on the cover layer.
- However, it has proved to be the case that in the case of Mn contents of over 4 to 8.0 wt. % in the steel in all previously known solutions for the improvement of the wettability of the steel surface, no satisfactory reproducible adhesion of the coat can be achieved.
- The reason for this is the formation of a solid margin of oxides of the alloy elements on the underside of the iron oxide layer (which has then been reduced after a reducing annealing process) or oxygen-containing iron layer. This oxide margin consisting of oxides of the alloy elements is a weak point in the system when it comes to adhesion. This means that at the boundary surface of the reduced iron oxide layer or oxygen-containing iron layer with respect to the steel substrate, an adhesion failure can often be observed at this point e.g. during a deformation process.
- The present invention provides a method for producing a cold-rolled or hot-rolled steel strip with a metallic coat, which, in addition to carbon, contains iron as a main constituent, an Mn content of 4.1 to 8.0 wt. % and optionally further oxygen-affine elements such as e.g. Al, Si, Cr, B, which provides uniform and reproducible adhesion conditions for the coat on the steel strip surface irrespective of the actual alloy composition of the steel strip.
- The embodiments of the invention include a method for producing a cold-rolled or hot-rolled steel strip having a metallic coat with improved adhesion, the steel strip comprises iron as a main constituent and, in addition to carbon, an Mn content of 4.1 to 8.0 wt. % and optionally one or more of the alloy elements Al, Si, Cr, B, Ti, V, Nb and/or Mo, wherein the surface of the uncoated steel strip is cleaned, a layer of pure iron is applied onto the cleaned surface, onto the layer of pure iron an oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is applied which layer contains more than 5 mass % of oxygen, then the steel strip together with the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is subjected to annealing treatment and, in order to achieve a surface consisting substantially of metallic iron, is reduction-treated during the course of the annealing treatment in a reducing furnace atmosphere and the steel strip thus treated and subjected to annealing treatment is then hot-dip coated with the metallic coat, which is characterised in that after the cleaning and before the application of the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer a layer of pure iron is applied.
- Furthermore, an aspect of the invention also comprises a steel strip, in addition to carbon, iron as a main constituent, an Mn content of 4.1 to 8.0 wt. % and optionally also one or more of the alloy elements Al, Si, Cr, B, Ti, V, Nb and/or Mo with a metallic coat applied by means of hot-dipping to the steel strip surface, which is characterised in that, in the transition region between the metallic coat and the steel strip surface, a predominantly ferritic edge zone with more than 60 vol. % ferrite is formed which has a thickness of 0.15 to 1.1 μm.
- The invention further comprises the use of a steel strip in accordance with the invention for the production of parts of motor vehicles.
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FIG. 1 shows a scanning electron microscopic image of the surface of a medium manganese steel before and after deposition of a pre-coating of pure iron and oxygen-containing, iron-based layer in accordance with an aspect of the invention; and -
FIG. 2 shows the results of depth profile analysis by means of GDOES (glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy) on the medium manganese steel samples shown inFIG. 1 after annealing. - The invention is embodied as a combination of a pure iron coating applied to the steel strip surface with an oxygen-containing iron coating deposited thereover with subsequent annealing and hot-dip finishing.
- In terms of the present invention, a pure iron layer is understood to be a layer with an average iron content of more than 96 wt. %. The oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is understood to be a layer with an iron content in wt. % of at least 50%, which contains oxygen of more than 5 wt. % in the form of oxides and/or hydroxides.
- The oxides and/or hydroxides can be present in the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer both in the form of crystalline, amorphous compounds and/or as mixtures of crystalline, e.g. magnetite (Fe3O4), and amorphous compounds. In addition, the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is understood to be both a homogeneous stoichiometric iron-oxide layer e.g. a magnetite layer (Fe3O4), and also a metallic iron layer which contains oxidic and/or hydroxidic inclusions (dispersion layer). Therefore, the distribution of the amorphous and/or crystalline compounds is also not limited. Therefore the layer is characterised in that it contains oxygen-containing, reducible iron species.
- In trials it has proved to be the case that without a pre-coating of pure iron, during the annealing treatment prior to the hot-dip coating, a solid deposition of oxides of the alloy elements takes place at the transition from the steel substrate to the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer, which weakens the whole system and can lead to adhesion failure. With the pre-coating of pure iron, the oxides of the alloy elements are deposited in a less locally concentrated manner and adhesion failure no longer occurs. The deposition of the pure iron layer can preferably take place electrolytically or by deposition from the vapour phase (e.g. by means of PVD or CVD).
- In the case of the preferred electrolytic deposition of the pure iron layer, typically sulphatic or chloridic electrolytes and combinations thereof are used, the pH value of which is less than or equal to 5.5. In the case of higher pH values, iron(II) species precipitate as hydroxides. Iron with a purity in wt. % of greater than 99.5 is preferably used as the anode material. Electrolyte cells with separated anode and cathode chambers can also be used, whereby the use of oxygen-generating or insoluble anodes is rendered possible. In order to reduce the cell resistance a conductive salt can optionally be added to the electrolyte. The use of further additives, such as e.g. surfactants to improve wetting and/or defoaming is also possible.
- The electrolytic deposition takes place at current densities which produce a deposition thickness which is homogeneous over the strip length irrespective of the respective strip speed. Furthermore, the current density is dependent upon the anode construction length in the running direction of the strip. Typical values are between 1 and 150 A/dm2 per strip side. Below 1 A/dm2 excessively long processing lengths are required and consequently the process cannot be operated economically. In the case of current densities above 150 A/dm2 a homogeneous deposition is rendered significantly more difficult owing to burning-on or dendrite formation. The duration of the electrolytic deposition is dependent on the processing length, the current density, the current yield and the desired layer contact and is typically between 1 s and 30 s per side. Exemplified compositions of aqueous electrolytes and deposition conditions are shown in Table 1.
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TABLE 1 Electrolyte system Composition Conditions Sulphate FeSO4•7H2O: 220 g/l pH 2.2; 35° C. NaSO4: 90 g/l Chloride FeCl2•4H2O: 280 g/l pH 1.4; 48° C. KCl: 210 g/l Sulphate chloride FeSO4•7H2O: 400 g/l pH 1.6; 85° C. FeCl2•4H2O: 400 g/l CaCl2: 180 g/l Sulphamate Fe(SO3NH2)2: 220 g/l pH 3.2; 60° C. NH4(SO3NH2): 30 g/l Fluoroborate Fe(BF4)2: 240 g/l pH 2.1; 58° C. NaCl: 8 g/l - In one exemplified embodiment, the deposition of the pure iron layer takes place with an electrolyte temperature of 60° C. with a current density of 30 A/dm2 using an iron anode with a purity in wt. % of greater than 99.5 in an aqueous sulphuric acid electrolyte of the following composition: 60 g/l iron(II), 20 g/l sodium, pH 1.8.
- The preferred deposition of the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer takes place electrolytically from an Fe(II)-containing and/or Fe(III)-containing electrolyte. For this purpose, sulphatic or chloridic electrolytes and combinations thereof are typically used, the pH value of which is generally less than or equal to 5.5.
- However, the use of a basic electrolyte with a pH value>10 is also possible when using a suitable complexing agent such as e.g. triethanolamine (TEA). The electrolytic deposition takes place at current densities which produce a deposition thickness which is homogeneous over the strip length irrespective of the respective strip speed. Furthermore, the current density is dependent upon the anode construction length in the running direction of the strip. Typical values are between 1 and 150 A/dm2 per strip side. Below 1 A/dm2 excessively long processing lengths are required and consequently the process cannot be operated economically. In the case of current densities above 150 A/dm2 a homogeneous deposition is rendered significantly more difficult owing to burning-on or dendrite formation. The deposition time is dependent on the processing length, the current density, the current yield and the desired layer contact and is typically between 1 s and 30 s per side. Exemplified compositions of aqueous electrolytes and deposition conditions are shown in Table 2.
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TABLE 2 Complexing agent Composition Conditions Citrate FeSO4•7H2O: 350 g/l pH 2.3; 45° C. Fe2(SO4)3: 10 g/l Na2SO4: 110 g/l Sodium citrate: 20 g/l Triethanolamine Fe2(SO4)3: 170 g/l pH 13; 80° C. NaOH: 12 g/l C6H15NO3: 15 g/l - In order to generate oxygen-containing, iron-based layers, a complexing agent for the iron ions is also required in addition to said Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions in the acid electrolyte. This is typically a compound with one or more carbonyl functionalities such as citric acid, acetic acid or even nitriloacetic acid (NTA) or ethanolamine.
- Iron with a purity in wt. % of greater than 99.5 is preferably used as the anode material. Electrolyte cells with separated anode and cathode chambers can also be used, whereby the use of oxygen-generating or insoluble anodes is rendered possible. In order to reduce the cell resistance a conductive salt can optionally be added to the electrolyte. The use of further additives, such as e.g. surfactants to improve wetting or defoaming is also possible.
- In one exemplified embodiment, the deposition of the oxygen-containing iron layer takes place at 60° C. with a current density of 30 A/dm2 using an iron anode with a purity in wt. % of greater than 99.5 in an aqueous sulphuric acid electrolyte with the following composition: 60 g/l iron(II), 3 g/l iron(III), 25 g/l sodium, 11 g/l citrate pH 1.8.
- In a preferred large-scale implementation, the surface of the steel strip is activated prior to the deposition with the pure iron layer preferably by cleaning in a usually alkaline aqueous medium and a subsequent optional deoxidation in an acid aqueous medium. A sulphuric acid bath with an acid content of 20 to 70 g/l at temperatures of 30 to 70° C. is preferably used for the deoxidation. The subsequent coating with the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer onto the previously deposited pure iron layer is preferably effected wet-in-wet or after drying of the steel strip surface. After the deposition of the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer the steel strip surface is preferably dried in order to prevent undefined ingress of water into the annealing furnace atmosphere. In order to prevent impurities on the steel strip surface and/or carry-over between the different process media, a rinse can optionally be used after each process step. The deposition of the layers can thus take place within one or a plurality of electrolyte cells disposed one after another, the construction of which is preferably horizontal or vertical.
- Trials have shown that as a result of the pre-coating with pure iron, the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is deposited in a particularly finely crystalline form and leads to better adhesion of the hot-dip coat than when the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is applied directly to the steel surface. Of course, the pre-coating with pure iron clearly significantly improves the nucleation conditions for the subsequent oxygen-containing, iron-based layer, whereby the nucleation rate is increased and the crystallite size therefore decreases compared to a single layer system.
- In advantageous developments of the invention, provision is made for the pure iron layer to be formed with an average thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 μm and the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer with an average thickness of 0.1 to 0.6 μm. It has proved to be advantageous for improved adhesion conditions of the hot-dip coat if the pure iron layer has an average thickness of 0.1 to 0.4 μm and the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer an average thickness of 0.2 to 0.5 μm. In addition it is advantageous for the adhesion of the hot-dip coat if the average thickness of the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is greater than the average thickness of the pure iron layer.
- In a further embodiment of the invention, the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer has an oxygen proportion of more than 5 to 40 wt. %, advantageously more than 10 to 30 wt. %. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, this layer has an oxygen content of more than 12 to 25 wt. %. In trials it has proved to be the case that the more oxygen is incorporated into the iron layer the more strongly the disadvantageous external oxidation of alloy elements on the surface can be suppressed since this oxygen is used by the alloy elements for internal oxidation during the annealing prior to the hot-dip coating. However, the quantity of the oxygen incorporated into the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is dependent to a considerable degree on the deposition conditions. Owing to technical and economic boundary conditions, the expedient maximum value for the oxygen content is 40 wt. %.
- The pure iron layer itself can be applied in accordance with the invention either electrolytically or by deposition from the vapour phase, while the oxygen-containing, iron-based layer is advantageously deposited electrolytically. A layer with an average iron content of more than 96 wt. % is understood as a pure iron layer.
- The steel substrate for a steel strip produced in accordance with the invention with a metallic hot-dip coat can have the following composition in wt. %:
- optionally
- Cr: 0.01% to 0.7%,
- Mo: 0.005% to 0.7%,
- with the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities.
- The method in accordance with the invention also comprises an annealing treatment of the steel strip, provided with a pure iron layer and an oxygen-containing, iron-based layer applied thereto, in a continuous annealing furnace. This furnace can be a combination of a furnace part with open combustion (DFF, direct fired furnace/NOF, non-oxidising furnace) and a radiant tube furnace (RTF) disposed downstream thereof or can even take place in an all radiant tube furnace. The steel strip is annealed at an annealing temperature of 550° C. to 880° C. and an average heating rate of 1 K/s to 100 K/s, and a holding time of the steel strip at the annealing temperature between 30 s and 650 s. In the radiant tube furnace a reducing annealing atmosphere consisting of 2% to 40% H2 and 98 to 60% N2 and a dew point between +15° C. and −70° C. is used. Then the strip is cooled to a temperature above the melting bath temperature of the coat and subsequently coated with the metallic coat. Optionally, after the annealing treatment and before the coating with the metallic coat, the strip can be cooled to a so-called overaging temperature between 200° C. and 600° C. and held at this temperature for up to 500 s. If an overaging temperature below the melting bath temperature of the coat is selected in order e.g. to influence the microstructure and the resulting technological characteristic values of the steel, the strip can be reheated, e.g. by inductive heating, prior to entry into the melting bath, to a temperature above the melting bath temperature between 400° C. and 750° C. in order not to extract heat from the melting bath by reason of the cold steel strip.
- The use of the pre-coatings in accordance with the invention renders an additional introduction of steam in order to increase the dew point, as in the previously known methods, unnecessary. For the annealing atmosphere in the furnace it has therefore proved sufficient for the ratio of the partial pressures of the steam and hydrogen during the annealing in the radiant tube furnace to be in the range of 0.00077>pH2O/pH2>0.00021, advantageously between 0.00254>pH2O/pH2>0.00021.
- An exemplified advantageous implementation of the method for the production of a steel strip in accordance with the invention with improved adhesion of a hot-dip galvanisation makes provision that a hot-rolled steel strip (hot strip) is first acid-cleaned then cold-rolled and then galvanised in a hot-dip galvanising line. Within the hot-dip galvanising line the strip passes through a pre-cleaning section, after the pre-cleaning the strip passes further through a strip activation (acid-cleaning/deoxidation) and subsequently 6 electrolyte cells. In the first 3 cells, an iron layer is deposited, in the following 3 cells an oxygen-containing, iron-based layer. The coated strip then passes through a rinse and drying. The strip then passes into the furnace section of the galvanising line, is annealed and galvanised.
- Metallic coats for the steel strip annealed in this manner can be e.g. aluminium-silicon (AS, AlSi), zinc (Z), zinc-aluminium (ZA, galfan), zinc-aluminium-iron (ZF, galvannealed), zinc-magnesium-aluminium (ZM, ZAM) or aluminium-zinc (AZ, galvalume). In one embodiment the metallic coat is based on zinc and the zinc coat contains 0.1 to 1 wt. % Al or 0.1 to 6 wt. % Al and 0.1 to 6 wt. % Mg or 5 to 15 wt. % Fe.
- A steel strip in accordance with the invention is further characterised in that in the transition region between the metallic coat and the steel strip surface a predominantly ferritic edge zone with more than 60 vol. % ferrite is formed which advantageously has a thickness of 0.15 to 1.1 μm and particularly advantageously a thickness between 0.3 and 0.9 μm. The thickness of this edge zone results directly from the deposited pre-coatings, which, even after annealing and hot-dip coating, has microstructure characteristics deviating from the steel substrate and therefore the desired positive effects.
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FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the results of trials by way of example.FIG. 1 shows a scanning electron microscopic image of the surface of a medium manganese steel before and after deposition of a pre-coating of pure iron and oxygen-containing, iron-based layer in accordance with the invention. The medium manganese steel comprises 6 mass percent Mn and 2 mass percent Si+Al. The images show the surface before and after deposition of the pre-coating of pure iron and oxygen-containing, iron-based layer in accordance with the invention. -
FIG. 2 shows the results of depth profile analyses by means of GDOES (glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy) on the medium manganese steel samples shown inFIG. 1 after annealing at 700° C. for 120 seconds in a nitrogen atmosphere with 5% hydrogen (H2) and 95% nitrogen dioxide (N2) with a furnace dew point of −50° C. The surfaces of the samples with the pre-treatment in accordance with the invention display significantly lower contents of the elements which are disadvantageous for hot-dip coating: oxygen, manganese, silicon and aluminium. - The following table 3 shows the results of galvanising trials which were carried out on a hot-dip galvanising simulator with sample sheets of medium manganese steel (6 mass percent Mn and 2 mass percent Si+Al). The deposition of the pre-coatings was carried out electrolytically with a current density of 75 A/dm2 per side. The trials were carried out in two different heat treatments (800° C. for 200 seconds and 700° C. for 120 seconds). Samples with complete zinc wetting and good adhesion could be achieved only by means of a pre-coating of pure iron and pre-coating of an oxygen-containing, iron-based layer disposed thereover.
- The coat adhesion is checked in two different test geometries in order to ensure the adhesion when the steels are used for different purposes. The coat adhesion was tested during the deformation process by means of a ball impact test according to SEP1931. In this test, a semi-spherical stamp is struck with high impact energy against a sample sheet. A cup-shaped impression is made in the sample sheet by the impact force. This process is carried out—possibly a number of times—until an incipient crack is produced in the sample sheet. The surface is then checked visually for detachment and scaling of the zinc-based coat in the region of the cup. The result is evaluated with scores from 1-4 (scores 1+2 pass, scores 3+4 fail).
- The coat adhesion in the case of a crash is checked by means of a glue bead test. For this purpose, a glue bead test is applied in a defined geometry, preferably 10 mm wide and 5 mm deep of a 1K epoxy resin structure adhesive to the sample sheet. The adhesive is then cured according to the data sheet and the sample is then quickly bent by 90° within a maximum of 2 s. During this process the glue bead breaks under the severe stress and abruptly pulls on the coat which is already stressed by the bending action.
- The samples are then visually assessed for zinc detachment.
-
TABLE 3 Galvanisation (Zn + 0.2% Al) Oxygen-containing, Zinc adhesion In Pure iron layer iron-based layer (Ball impact accordance Deposition Deposition Annealing (5% H2-N2) Wet test according with the No. time/s Thickness/μm time/s Thickness/μm Temp./° C. Time/s DP/° C. surface/% to SEP1931) invention 1 — — — — 800 200 −30 5 — NO 2 — — — — 800 200 −50 5 — NO 3 2 0.3 5 0.75 800 200 −50 100 Score 1 YES 4 2 0.3 3 0.45 800 200 −50 100 Score 2 YES 5 — — — — 700 120 −30 90 Score 3NO 6 — — — — 700 120 −50 80 Score 4 NO 7 2 0.3 3 0.45 700 120 −50 100 Score 1 YES 8 2 0.3 — — 700 120 −50 80 Score 3NO 9 — — 3 0.75 700 120 −50 100 Score 3NO - Advantages of the invention include the following: (i) reproducible good adhesion of the metallic coat to the steel substrate; (ii) improvement of the galvanising capability of steels with high manganese contents between 4.1 and 8 mass percent; and (iii) improvement in the visual surface quality of the hot-dip coat. Moreover, to date it has often only been possible to galvanise steels with very high alloy element contents on a large scale by means of electrolytic galvanisation and they have tended to suffer from hydrogen embrittlement owing to the hydrogen introduced during this process; this risk does not arise with the hot-dip coating in accordance with the invention. It is the case that in the electrolytic deposition in accordance with the invention, hydrogen can also be formed as a by-product on the cathode and is initially present in atomically adsorbed form on the surface and can be absorbed by the steel substrate later in the process. However, during the subsequent annealing process, the conditions for the effusion of the incorporated hydrogen are present.
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