US20220029731A1 - Systems, devices and methods for detection and/or prevention of power line communication - Google Patents

Systems, devices and methods for detection and/or prevention of power line communication Download PDF

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US20220029731A1
US20220029731A1 US17/415,265 US201917415265A US2022029731A1 US 20220029731 A1 US20220029731 A1 US 20220029731A1 US 201917415265 A US201917415265 A US 201917415265A US 2022029731 A1 US2022029731 A1 US 2022029731A1
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Prior art keywords
plc
power line
noise
filter
line communication
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Yuval SHTENDEL
Shmuel Gal
Alexey TSIRLIN
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SGA Innovations Ltd
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SGA Innovations Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/40—Jamming having variable characteristics
    • H04K3/45—Jamming having variable characteristics characterized by including monitoring of the target or target signal, e.g. in reactive jammers or follower jammers for example by means of an alternation of jamming phases and monitoring phases, called "look-through mode"
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H04B3/56—Circuits for coupling, blocking, or by-passing of signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/40—Jamming having variable characteristics
    • H04K3/42—Jamming having variable characteristics characterized by the control of the jamming frequency or wavelength
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/60—Jamming involving special techniques
    • H04K3/68—Jamming involving special techniques using passive jamming, e.g. by shielding or reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5462—Systems for power line communications
    • H04B2203/5491—Systems for power line communications using filtering and bypassing

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of Power Line Communication (PLC), more specifically, to systems, devices and methods for interfering and preventing and/or detecting the possibility to communicate with an end unit via PLC.
  • PLC Power Line Communication
  • the most popular method to prevent the possibility to communicate with an end unit via PLC is by using a PLC filter.
  • One of the disadvantages of this method is the existence of parasitic and alternative paths or lack of sufficient attenuation, which enables communication despite the filter.
  • Another method is using a noise source that injects noise to the line.
  • One of the disadvantages of this method is the fact that some modems can overcome high noise levels to enable such communication despite the noise.
  • Additional method is to detect and alert about the presence of PLC signal.
  • One of the disadvantages of this method is its lack of capability to maintain a low miss-detect and false alarm levels (especially when the signal is weak, and/or the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is low). None of the above elements provide a high level of communication prevention and/or detection, even when using high end elements, let alone when using basic elements.
  • the present invention in embodiments thereof, provides systems, devices and methods that allow a very high level and efficient, power line communication prevention and/or detection, at a cost-effective manner, while maintaining a small form factor.
  • the compact and cost effective systems and devices disclosed herein, as well as the methods utilized can provide a versatile high level of power line communication prevention and/or detection, such that, advantageously, even if the communication is not detected it can be prevented, and even if it is not prevented it can be detected, and moreover, in some cases the communication can be both detected and prevented.
  • there are provided devices and methods for detection of PLC signal there are provided.
  • systems and devices may include: PLC signal filters and/or PLC noise generator and/or PLC signal detector.
  • methods may include: PLC signal filtering and/or PLC noise generating and/or PLC signal detecting.
  • the combination of various elements in the disclosed devices and methods provides a powerful, state of the art power line communication prevention and/or detection, where each element covers, masks or complements disadvantages of other elements.
  • a device for prevention and/or detection of power line communication (PLC) between an unprotected side and a protected side may include a PLC signal detector, a power supply and at least one PLC filter. According to some embodiments the device may further include a PLC noise generator.
  • PLC power line communication
  • the frequency range of the PLC signal detector is about 3 KHz-100 MHz. According to some embodiments, the frequency range of the PLC signal detector is about 40 KHz-30 MHz.
  • the PLC signal detector may be a dual port detector.
  • the detection method of each port may be different.
  • the sensitivity level of the detection at each port may be different.
  • the frequency range of the PLC filter may be about 3 KHz-100 MHz. According to some embodiments, the frequency range of the PLC filter may be about 40 KHz-30 MHz.
  • the structure of the filter at the unprotected side may be different than the structure of the filter at the protected side. According to some embodiments, the attenuation level of the filter at the unprotected side may be different than the attenuation level of the filter at the protected side.
  • the device may include at least two filters. In some embodiments, the device may include a first filter at the unprotected side of the device and a second filter at the protected side of the device.
  • the structure of the first filter at the unprotected side may be different than the structure of the second filter at the protected side.
  • the attenuation level of the first filter at the unprotected side may be different than the attenuation level of the second filter at the protected side.
  • the frequency range of the PLC noise generator may be about 3 KHz-100 MHz. According to some embodiments, the frequency range of the PLC noise generator may be about 40 KHz-30 MHz. According to some embodiments, the noise generator may be a dual port noise generator.
  • the power supply provides a zero-cross indication.
  • the power supply may further include a backup rechargeable battery.
  • a method for preventing and/or detecting of power line communication may include detecting PLC and filtering PLC. According to some embodiments, the method may further include a step of PLC noise generating.
  • the PLC detecting may be performed by Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), cross correlation, pattern recognition, neural networks, or any combination thereof.
  • RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication
  • the detection method of each port may be different.
  • the detection parameters settings of each port may be different.
  • the PLC detecting may include detecting at two ports, a first port at the protected side and a second port at the unprotected side.
  • the PLC detection method of each of the first port and the second port may be different.
  • the PLC detection parameters settings of the first port and the second port may be different.
  • the PLC filtering may be performed by attenuation and/or blocking.
  • the PLC noise generating type may be selected from: Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), frequency hopping noise, random noise, or any combination thereof.
  • AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
  • the noise may be generated at more than one port.
  • the type of the generated noise at each of said one or more ports may be different.
  • the type of the generated noise at each port may be different.
  • a system for prevention and/or detection of power line communication may include an end unit and a device for prevention and/or detection of power line communication (PLC), said device may include a PLC detector, and at least one PLC filter.
  • the device may further include a PLC noise generator.
  • the system may have a protected side and an unprotected side.
  • the end unit may be selected from an electronic appliance, a personal computer, a printer, a scanner, or any unit connected to the mains.
  • the device may be embedded in the wall's outlets.
  • the device may be a stand-alone device connected to shielded or unshielded cables.
  • the casing/housing of the device may be shielded or unshielded.
  • the casing of the device may be made of metal and/or plastic.
  • FIG. 1 A general scheme of power line communication prevention and/or detection, according to some embodiments
  • FIG. 2A A block diagram of a device for power line communication prevention and/or detection, according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 2B A block diagram of a device for power line communication prevention and/or detection, according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 3A A flow chart of a method for detecting and/or preventing power line communication, from an unprotected side to a protected side, and vice versa, according to some embodiments;
  • FIG. 3B A flow chart of a method for detecting and/or preventing power line communication, from an unprotected side to a protected side, according to some embodiments;
  • FIG. 4 A block diagram of a device for power line communication prevention, according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 5 A flow chart of a method for preventing power line communication, from an unprotected side to a protected side, and vice versa, according to some embodiments;
  • FIG. 6 A block diagram of a device for power line communication prevention, and/or detection, according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 7 A flow chart of a method for detecting and/or preventing power line communication, from an unprotected side to a protected side, and vice versa, according to some embodiments;
  • FIG. 8 A block diagram of a system for power line communication prevention, and/or detection, the system includes a device for prevention and/or detection of power line communication, embedded within an end unit, according to some embodiments;
  • FIG. 9 A block diagram of a system for power line communication prevention, and/or detection, the system includes a device for prevention and/or detection of power line communication, embedded in the wall's protected outlets, according to some embodiments;
  • FIG. 10 A block diagram of a system for power line communication prevention, and/or detection, the system includes a device for prevention and/or detection of power line communication and shielded input and output cables, according to some embodiments.
  • the present invention in embodiments, thereof, provides systems, devices and methods, for prevention and/or detection of the possibility to communicate (for example, by means of transferring digital data, audio, video, and the like), with an end unit connected to a protected side via power line communication, to thereby create a protected environment.
  • the present invention in embodiments, thereof, provides systems, devices and methods that offer a very high level, power line communication prevention and/or detection, at an efficient, cost-effective and compact implementation.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a general scheme of power line communication prevention and/or detection, according to some embodiments.
  • device ( 104 ) prevents and/or detects the possibility to communicate over power line, between end unit A ( 103 ), connected to a protected side ( 102 ) of device for power line communication prevention and/or detection (device 104 ), and end unit B ( 105 ), connected to an unprotected power line ( 100 ), at an unprotected side ( 101 ) of the device ( 104 ).
  • FIG. 2A illustrates a block diagram of a device for power line communication prevention and/or detection, according to some embodiments.
  • a device ( 209 ) has a protected side ( 204 ) and an unprotected side ( 202 ).
  • the device includes a dual port PLC signal detector ( 205 ), (one port ( 207 ) of the dual port PLC signal detector is connected to the unprotected side of the device ( 202 ) and the other port ( 208 ) is connected to the protected side of the device ( 204 )).
  • the device also includes PLC filters (shown as unprotected side filter ( 200 ) and protected side filter ( 201 )) and PLC noise generator ( 203 ) and power supply ( 206 ).
  • PLC noise generator ( 203 ) shown in FIG. 2A can be replaced with a dual port noise generator ( 215 ), as shown in FIG. 2B , which illustrates a block diagram of a device for power line communication prevention and/or detection, according to some embodiments.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates a flow chart of a method for detecting and/or preventing power line communication, from an unprotected side to a protected side, and vice versa, according to some embodiments.
  • a signal coming/arriving from an unprotected side enters the device for power line communication prevention and/or detection.
  • the signal is being detected (at steps 301 , 302 ) by a dual port signal detector.
  • the device may initiate alert and/or disconnect the power (step 303 ) to an end unit connected to the protected side.
  • the signal is attenuated by the unprotected side filter.
  • a noise from a noise generator, is added to the line (step 305 ), the sum of the noise and the attenuated signal creates very low signal to noise (SNR) conditions.
  • the signal is further attenuated (step 306 ), by the protected side filter, so that at the end (step 307 ), the signal level and SNR conditions at the protected side are too low and communication over power line is not possible.
  • FIG. 3B which is a flow chart of a method for detecting and/or preventing power line communication, from an unprotected side to a protected side
  • an additional step ( 318 ) is added before the end ( 319 ) wherein a noise from the dual port noise generator is added to the line to protect against communication over power line via parasitic paths.
  • the methods disclosed herein can be used to prevent and/or detect power line communication from an unprotected side to a protected side and vice versa.
  • the background noise at the protected side is expected to be much lower and more stable than the background noise at the unprotected side (as the unprotected side is directly exposed to the entire electric network, while the protected side is directly exposed only to the end unit connected to it), as a result the signal detector connected to the protected side can be more sensitive to detect lower PLC signal than the detector at the unprotected side, without inducing false alarms. Having a more sensitive detector enables to reduce the size and attenuation value of the filter connected to the protected side (compared to the filter on the unprotected side), while maintaining a high level of communication prevention. In addition, as the attenuation of the filter connected to the protected side is reduced, the PLC noise (coming from the noise generator) at the protected side is higher which helps to cope better with signal coming from the unprotected side to the protected side, not through the main route.
  • the topology structure of the device and the methods disclosed herein enable the use of rather basic elements of PLC filter, PLC detector and PLC noise generator while creating a very powerful, efficient, cost-effective and compact power line communication prevention and/or alert device, as each element can overcome disadvantages of other elements.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of a device for power line communication prevention, according to some embodiments.
  • device ( 406 ) has a protected side ( 204 ) and an unprotected side ( 202 ), the device includes PLC filters (shown as unprotected side filter ( 400 ) and protected side filter ( 401 )), PLC noise generator ( 403 ) and power supply ( 405 ).
  • PLC filters shown as unprotected side filter ( 400 ) and protected side filter ( 401 )
  • PLC noise generator 403
  • power supply 405
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for preventing power line communication, from an unprotected side to a protected side, and vice versa, utilizing the device illustrated in FIG. 4 , according to some embodiments.
  • a signal coming from an unprotected side enters to a device for power line communication prevention.
  • the signal is attenuated by the unprotected side filter.
  • a noise from a noise generator, is added to the line (step 502 ), whereby the sum of the noise and the attenuated signal creates very low SNR conditions.
  • the signal is further attenuated (step 503 ), by the protected side filter, so that at the end ( 504 ), the signal level and SNR conditions at the protected side are low, and communication over power line is not possible.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of a device for power line communication prevention, and/or detection, according to some embodiments.
  • a device ( 607 ) has a protected side ( 602 ) and an unprotected side ( 601 ), the device includes a dual port PLC signal detector ( 603 ), (one port ( 605 ) of the dual port PLC signal detector is connected to the unprotected side of the device ( 601 ) and the other port ( 606 ) is connected to the protected side of the device ( 602 )), PLC filter ( 600 ) and power supply ( 604 ).
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for detecting and/or preventing power line communication, from an unprotected side to a protected side, and vice versa, utilizing the device described in FIG. 6 , according to some embodiments.
  • a signal coming from an unprotected side enters to a device for power line communication prevention and/or detection.
  • the signal is being detected (at steps 701 , 702 ), by a dual port signal detector.
  • the device may initiate alert and/or disconnect the power (step 703 ) to an end unit connected to the protected side.
  • the signal is attenuated by a filter, and at the end ( 705 ), the signal level at the protected side is very low, and communication over power line is not possible.
  • the PLC detector element of the device may be used for detecting the presence of a PLC signal on the mains.
  • the detection can be for example, by means of Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), cross correlation, pattern recognition, neural networks, and the like, or any combination thereof.
  • RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication
  • the detector may be synchronized with the mains frequency by using the zero-cross indication.
  • the operating frequency range can be for example: between 3 KHz-100 MHz, between 9 KHz-500 KHz, between 2 MHz-100 MHz, between 40 KHz-30 MHz, or any other sub range thereof. Each possibility is a separate embodiment.
  • the PLC detector element may have a dual port connection, where each port may have different detection method and may have different parameters settings, such as, but not limited to, sensitivity level, threshold, and the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the PLC filter element of the device may be used to filter out PLC signals, for example, by means of attenuation, blocking, and the like.
  • the operating frequency range can be for example: between 3 KHz-100 MHz, between 9 KHz-500 KHz, between 2 MHz-100 MHz, between 40 KHz-30 MHz, or any other sub range thereof. Each possibility is a separate embodiment.
  • the device may include more than PLC filter, the filters may be identical, similar, or different with respect to size, structure, attenuation level, and the like, or any combination thereof.
  • the PLC noise generator element of the device may be used to generate PLC noise, for example, by means of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), frequency hopping noise, random noise, and the like, or any combination thereof.
  • AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
  • the noise may be synchronized with the mains frequency by using the zero-cross indication.
  • the operating frequency range can be for example: between 3 KHz-100 MHz, between 9 KHz-500 KHz, between 2 MHz-100 MHz, between 40 KHz-30 MHz, or any other sub range thereof. Each possibility is a separate embodiment.
  • the power supply element of the device may be, for example AC/DC or DC/DC. In some embodiments, the power supply may be powered by a battery. In some embodiments, the power supply element may include an AC zero-cross indication. In some embodiments, the power supply element may include a backup power source, such as, for example a rechargeable battery.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram of a system for power line communication prevention, and/or detection
  • the system includes a device for prevention and/or detection of power line communication, embedded within an end unit, according to some embodiments.
  • a device for prevention and/or detection of power line communication 804
  • the unprotected side of the device ( 803 ) is connected to the unprotected power line ( 805 ) via the end unit's external connection to the mains ( 800 ) and the protected side of the device ( 801 ) is connected to the end unit's internal mains input ( 802 ).
  • the end unit ( 806 ) is protected against communication over power line.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of a system for power line communication prevention, and/or detection
  • the system includes a device for prevention and/or detection of power line communication, embedded in the wall's protected outlets, according to some embodiments.
  • a device for prevention and/or detection of power line communication ( 904 ) is embedded in the wall's ( 901 ) protected outlets ( 908 ).
  • the unprotected side of the device ( 903 ) is connected to the unprotected power line ( 900 ) inside the wall ( 901 ) and the protected side of the device ( 905 ) is connected to the protected outlet's output connection ( 902 ).
  • end unit A ( 906 ) is protected against communication over powerline, for example, from end unit B ( 909 ), connected to unprotected A/C outlet ( 907 ).
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of a system for power line communication prevention, and/or detection
  • the system includes a device for prevention and/or detection of power line communication and shielded input and output cables, according to some embodiments.
  • the unprotected side ( 1000 ) of a stand-alone device for prevention and/or detection of power line communication ( 1005 ) is connected to the unprotected power line ( 1006 ) via external shielded cable ( 1002 ) and the protected side of the device ( 1001 ), is connected to the end unit ( 1004 ) via an external shielded cable ( 1003 ).
  • the end unit ( 1004 ) is protected against communication over power line.
  • the casing of the device can be shielded or unshielded and it can be made, for example, from metal, plastic, and the like.
  • the device may be portable device.
  • the end unit can be for example, an electric appliance, a personal computer (PC), a printer, a scanner, or any other unit connected to the mains.
  • PC personal computer
  • the device for PLC prevention and/or detection used in this example includes the following elements: dual port PLC signal detector, two PLC filters, PLC noise generator and power supply with zero-cross (Z.C) indication.
  • the operation frequency range of the device is 40 KHz-30 MHz, other parameters and methods of operation of each element are detailed in Table 1.
  • the device is tested for prevention of data transfer from end unit A connected at the protected side to end unit B connected to the unprotected side and vice versa, using PLC narrow band PRIME technology on channel 1 ( ⁇ 42 KHz-88 KHz).
  • the first test includes sending data from end unit A to end unit B using PRIME technology.
  • the PLC signal detector connected to the protected side sets an alarm and disconnect the power to end unit A
  • the signal level is under 0.1 Vrms it is not detected by the detector and the signal goes through the filter on the protected side which attenuates the signal by 20 dB to a level of 0.01 Vrms.
  • a 2 Vrms AWGN interference is injected to the line resulting in a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of ⁇ 18 dB, according to the following formula:
  • the signal and noise are further attenuated by 40 dB as they go through the filter at the unprotected side, resulting a signal level of 0.0001 Vrms at the unprotected side and SNR of not more than ⁇ 18 dB, under these conditions the communication over power line using PRIME technology failed.
  • the second test includes sending data from end unit B to end unit A using PRIME technology.
  • the PLC signal detector connected to the unprotected side sets an alarm and disconnect the power to end unit A
  • the signal level is under 1 Vrms it is not detected by the detector and the signal goes through the filter on the unprotected side which attenuates the signal by 40 dB to a level of 0.01 Vrms.
  • a 2 Vrms AWGN interference is injected to the line resulting in a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of ⁇ 18 dB, according to the following formula:
  • the signal and noise are further attenuated by 20 dB as they go through the filter at the unprotected side, resulting a signal level of 0.001 Vrms at the unprotected side and SNR of not more than ⁇ 18 dB, under these conditions the communication over power line using PRIME technology failed.
  • the device is capable of preventing communication over power line using narrowband PRIME technology between end unit A (connected at the protected side) and end unit B (connected at the unprotected side).
  • the device for PLC prevention and/or detection used in this Example includes the following elements: dual port PLC signal detector, two PLC filters, PLC noise generator and power supply with zero-cross (Z.C) indication.
  • the operation frequency range of the device is 40 KHz-30 MHz, other parameters and methods of operation of each element are detailed in Table 2.
  • the device is tested for prevention of data transfer from end unit A connected at the protected side to end unit B connected to the unprotected side and vice versa, using PLC broad band HPGP technology ( ⁇ 2 MHz-28 MHz).
  • the first test includes sending data from end unit A to end unit B using HPGP technology.
  • the PLC signal detector connected to the protected side sets an alarm and disconnect the power to end unit A
  • the signal level is under 0.1 Vrms it is not detected by the detector and the signal goes through the filter on the protected side which attenuates the signal by 20 dB to a level of 0.01 Vrms.
  • a 2 Vrms AWGN interference is injected to the line resulting in a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of ⁇ 45.4 dB, according to the following formula:
  • the signal and noise are further attenuated by 40 dB as they go through the filter at the unprotected side, resulting a signal level of 0.0001 Vrms at the unprotected side and SNR of not more than ⁇ 45.4 dB, under these conditions the communication over power line using HPGP technology failed.
  • the second test includes sending data from end unit B to end unit A using HPGP technology.
  • the PLC signal detector connected to the unprotected side sets an alarm and disconnect the power to end unit A
  • the signal level is under 1 Vrms it is not detected by the detector and the signal goes through the filter on the unprotected side which attenuates the signal by 40 dB to a level of 0.01 Vrms.
  • a 2 Vrms AWGN interference is injected to the line resulting in a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of ⁇ 45.4 dB, according to the following formula:
  • the signal and noise are further attenuated by 20 dB as they go through the filter at the unprotected side, resulting a signal level of 0.001 Vrms at the unprotected side and SNR of not more than ⁇ 45.4 dB, under these conditions the communication over power line using HPGP technology failed.
  • the device is capable of preventing communication over power line using broadband HPGP technology between end unit A (connected at the protected side) and end unit B (connected at the unprotected side).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
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