US20210409136A1 - Reducing interference by combining signals at different strengths and transmitting the combined signal from an antenna - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the subject application is related to wireless communication systems, and, for example, reducing interference between signals.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example diagram of two signals transmitted from two sites using two different antennas in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example diagram of two signals combined and transmitted from one site using an antenna, in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a system for reducing interference between signals in accordance with one or more embodiments.
- FIG. 4 depicts a more detailed view of a combiner in accordance with one or more embodiments.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example block diagram of a more detailed view of the cell site of FIG. 3 , in accordance with one or more embodiments.
- FIG. 6 depicts a more detailed view of tower components of the tower of FIG. 3 in accordance with one or more embodiments.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method, in accordance with one or more embodiments.
- FIG. 8 illustrates is an example block diagram of an example mobile handset operable to engage in a system architecture can facilitate wireless communications according to one or more embodiments described herein.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an operating environment operable to execute the disclosed systems and methods in accordance with an embodiment.
- one or more embodiments described herein provide mechanisms to facilitate reducing interference by combining signals at different strengths and transmitting the combined signal from an antenna.
- the computer processing systems, computer-implemented methods, apparatus and/or computer program products described herein employ hardware and/or software to solve problems that are highly technical in nature (e.g., reducing interference by combining signals at selected, different signal strengths), that are not abstract and cannot be performed as a set of mental acts by a human. For example, a human, or even a plurality of humans, cannot efficiently, accurately and effectively select a ratio for combining signals and combine the signals with the same level of accuracy and/or efficiency as the various embodiments described herein.
- System 300 or other systems detailed herein can provide technical improvements to facilitate reducing interference by combining signals at different strengths and transmitting the combined signal from an antenna, but are not limited to, improving the reduction of interference between signals, e.g., signals having adjacent frequencies and receivers with different filtering characteristics.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an example diagram of two signals transmitted from first site 150 and second site 160 using two different antennas in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein, e.g., the signals being transmitted from an antenna at each site.
- an antenna array of multiple radiating elements can also be used, without departing from the spirit of one or more embodiments described herein.
- first site 150 and second site 160 are geographically separated, the examples below still apply, even when signals 110 A-B are transmitted from different antennas on the same tower.
- first site 150 can broadcast signal 110 A to an example range 155 , within which, the signal may be able to be received by signal receivers 120 A-B.
- second site 160 broadcasts signal 110 B to an example range 165 , within which, it may be able to be received by signal receivers 130 A-C.
- Building 140 is shown, and provides an example of a potential weakening of first and second signals 110 A-B due to different factors, e.g., path-loss from building 140 .
- signals 110 A and 110 B are different types of signals that are to be received by different types of receivers, e.g., signal receivers 120 A-B and 130 A-C.
- signal 110 A is bidirectional cellular data network signal and signal receivers 120 A-B are user equipments
- second site 160 is a Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service (SDARS) terrestrial repeater broadcast station
- signal 110 B is a terrestrial broadcast of satellite radio content
- signal receivers 130 A-B are portable satellite radio receivers.
- signals 110 A and 110 B, in FIG. 1 are broadcasting portions of signals using frequencies in an adjacent area of the radio spectrum.
- signal 110 A can be broadcast within 2315-2320 MHz (e.g., Wireless Communication Service (WCS) C-Block frequencies), and signal 110 B can be broadcast within 2320-2324.54 MHz (e.g., SDARS terrestrial repeater block).
- WCS Wireless Communication Service
- 2320-2324.54 MHz e.g., SDARS terrestrial repeater block.
- user equipments e.g., signal receivers 120 A-B
- satellite radio receivers e.g., signal receivers 130 A-C
- measures are taken to avoid interference between the signals.
- One type of interference that can occur in this example is related to the capacity of signal receivers 130 A-C (e.g., satellite radio receivers) to filter out signal 110 A while receiving and decoding signal 110 B, e.g., signal 110 A can be noise to receivers of signal 110 B, capable of muting and/or impairing the receiving of signal 110 B by receivers 130 A-C.
- signal receivers 130 A-C e.g., satellite radio receivers
- signal 110 A can be noise to receivers of signal 110 B, capable of muting and/or impairing the receiving of signal 110 B by receivers 130 A-C.
- ways to address this type of interference include, but are not limited to, reducing the transmission power of signal 110 A, increasing the transmission power of signal 110 B, or both.
- a range of ratios of transmission strengths of signals 110 A-B can reduce the amount of noise received by signal receivers 130 A-C and enable signal 110 B to be successfully received and decoded.
- One way to select an amount of power to reduce signal 110 A by, is to measure the strength of both signals at different geographic points, and select a power level that allows signal receivers 130 A-C to receive and decode signal 110 B.
- the ratio of signal strengths of signals 110 A-B can be expressed in decibels (dB).
- dB decibels
- signal receivers 130 A-C e.g., satellite radio receivers
- signal 110 B when received by signal receivers 130 A-C (e.g., satellite radio receivers), can be at a level 6 dB (four times) below the level of signal 110 A (e.g., a cellular data signal).
- this ratio is maintained (e.g., by raising or lowering the strength of signals 110 A-B), signal 110 B will be able to be received and decoded, e.g., by signal receiver 130 A.
- the signal ratio of signals 110 A-B at the receiver can be substantially different than the selected ratio.
- the proximity of 130 C to first site 150 can cause the strength of signal 110 A in the ratio to be higher than the selected value, and signal receiver 130 B being blocked by building 140 , can affect the ratio in unpredictable ways, e.g., the extent to which building 140 blocks both signals.
- signal receivers 130 A and 130 C can have signal 110 B muted and/or impaired by signal 110 A.
- the example positioning of building 140 illustrates how first site 150 and second site 160 can have different antenna profiles with respect to signal receiver 130 B, e.g., in this example, building 140 can cause different signal path-losses for signals from each source.
- the operation of signal receivers 130 A-C can become non-linear, e.g., even if the 110 B signal is increased in strength, signal receivers 130 A-C cannot process the aggregated signal load at the range of frequencies used by signals 110 A-B.
- an overload value e.g., one or more of signal receivers 130 A-C
- an optimizing approach can be taken that selects a signal strength for one or both signals that can yield the best results, e.g., achieving a minimum threshold of muted or impaired receivers 130 A-V, while maintaining adequate performance for first site 150 serving signal receivers 120 A-B.
- One having skill in the relevant arts, given the description herein, will appreciate that, depending on the optimizing criteria used, there is a potential for many signal receivers 130 A-C to be unable to demodulate signal 110 B due too low or too high a signal strength. Additionally, in some circumstances the optimizing function may indicate a signal strength needed for signal 110 A that impairs the performance of first site 150 so significantly, that first site 150 is essentially not usable.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an example diagram of two signals combined and transmitted from one site 250 using an antenna, in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity.
- site 250 can communicate signals 110 A-B, but in contrast to the example approach of FIG. 1 , in one or more embodiments, signals 110 A-B can be combined for transmission into signal 210 .
- One approach to combining signals 110 A-B the can be used by one or more embodiments modulates signals 110 A-B on carriers of different frequencies, e.g., the frequencies used to broadcast them separately in FIG. 1 . In one or more embodiments, this can be an implementation of frequency-domain multiplexing of the two signals.
- signal 110 A can be modulated on a carrier of a frequency within 2315-2320 MHz
- signal 110 B can be modulated on a carrier of a frequency within 2320-2324.54 MHz
- signal receivers 120 A-B and 130 A-C and the devices receive the carriers corresponding to their allocated bandwidth.
- this combination and transmission of signals 110 A-B from a single antenna can improve the adjustment of signal strengths for receiving by signal receivers 120 A-B and 130 A-C because, when measurements are taken to select signal strength, instead of measurements of two signals being from two different antennas (e.g., first site 150 and second site 160 of FIG. 1 ), one signal can be measured from an antenna with one antenna profile, e.g., have the same fade profiles, as well as the same impairments (e.g., building 140 ) in roughly the same magnitude. Additional benefits and processes are described with FIG. 3 below.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a system 300 for reducing interference between signals in accordance with one or more embodiments. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity.
- system 300 is a more detailed view of site 250 of FIG. 2 discussed above.
- cell site 320 can be communicatively coupled to tower components 375 of tower 370 .
- Tower components can include combiner 330 , which can be communicatively coupled to antenna 340 .
- One or more of the functions performed by embodiments described herein can be facilitated by the operating environment described with FIG. 9 below, e.g., by employing computer 912 , as a part of the hardware of a system that includes a processing unit 914 , a system memory 916 , and a system bus 918 .
- signal receivers e.g., signal receivers 120 A-B and 130 A-C
- FIG. 8 a mobile handset that can facilitate one-way or two-way wireless communications according to one or more embodiments described herein.
- the functions of combiner 330 and other tower components 375 can be located in or divided between, one or more of cell site 320 , tower 370 , and other locations.
- tower 370 e.g., being exposed to elements, and subject to restrictions in power and space
- one or more combinations of functions described herein can require significant design and implementation efforts to be successfully located or not located in tower 370 .
- Cell site 320 can receive signals 310 A-B, the signals respectively being in this example, a bidirectional cellular data network signal, and a SDARS terrestrial repeater signal. It is important to note that other types of signals can also be handled by one or more embodiments. As discussed further with FIGS. 4-7 below, after receiving signals 310 A-B, cell site 320 can perform different operations on signals 310 A-B, e.g., conversion from one format to another for different purposes. Signals 325 A-B, corresponding to signals 310 A-B before passing through cell site 320 , can be in a variety of different formats, as discussed with FIG. 4 below, including but not limited to, the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), Radio Frequency over Fiber (RFoF), and other available formats.
- CPRI Common Public Radio Interface
- RFID Radio Frequency over Fiber
- combiner 330 can combine signals 325 A-B, e.g., using frequency-domain multiplexing. When two signals are combined as shown, combiner 330 can be termed a diplexer. It is important to note that, although many of the examples herein reference the reduction in interference in, and the combination of, two signals, in alternative embodiments, more than two signals can be combined with a reduction in interference, by the approaches described by embodiments herein.
- signals 310 A-B can be combined into a single multiplexed signal 335
- antenna 340 can transmit signal 335 to signal receivers 120 A-B (e.g., user equipments) and 130 A-C (e.g., satellite radio receivers).
- signal receivers 120 A-B e.g., user equipments
- 130 A-C e.g., satellite radio receivers.
- the combining of the two signals at equal strengths can facilitate the reduction of interference between the signals 325 A-B shown in FIG. 3 .
- one or more embodiments can further reduce the interference between signals 325 A-B (e.g., reducing the swamping of signal 325 B by signal 325 A) by adjusting the strength of the multiplexed components in signal 335 .
- FIG. 4 depicts a more detailed view 400 of combiner 330 in accordance with one or more embodiments. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity.
- FIG. 4 depicts signals 325 A-B as inputs into strength adjuster 410 and multiplexed signal 335 as the output of this component.
- one or more embodiments can employ strength adjuster 410 to adjust the ratio of two independently transmitted signals (e.g., signals 110 A-B of FIG. 1 ), such that when received by a receiver (e.g., signal receivers 130 A-C), one signal does not interfere with the other signal, e.g., signal 325 A does not prevent the receiving and decoding of signals 325 B.
- this approach can be applied to one or more embodiments described with FIGS. 2-6 , with additional benefits over the approach of FIG. 1 .
- strength adjuster 410 can combine signals 325 A-B such that signal 325 A is 6 dB (4 times) stronger than signal 325 B (e.g., the cellular network signal 325 A is 6 dB stronger than terrestrial satellite radio signal 325 B).
- 6 dB ratio can be selected based on measurements of signal strengths for both signals. In addition, based on a variety of factors discussed and implied above, different ratios can be selected for signal 355 .
- the ratio of the multiplexed components of signal 335 generally does not change, with beneficial effect.
- the proximity of signal receiver 130 C to first site 150 can cause the strength of signal 110 A in the ratio to be higher than the selected value, and signal receiver 130 B being blocked by building 140 , can affect the ratio in unpredictable ways, e.g., the extent to which building 140 blocks both signals.
- signal receivers 130 B-C can receive the same multiplexed signal (e.g., with the same antenna profile), the ratio of the 325 A-B components should be the same for each signal receiver, and even if the signal strength of signal 335 is stronger (e.g., for signal receiver 130 C as compared to signal receiver 130 B), the ratio of the components of signal 335 can remain constant.
- the potential for swamping signal receiver 130 C by a high aggregate strength of the combination of signals 325 A-B can be reduced.
- the ratio of the components and the transmitting strength of site 250 can be adjusted consistently across both types of receivers, the selection of signal strengths for the ratio of signals 325 A-B can be more easily performed.
- strength adjuster 410 can automatically receive periodic signal strength measurements from different locations within signal range 255 .
- the periodic signal strength measurements can be similar to the setup measurements described above (e.g., which facilitated the selection of the ratio between signals 110 A-B), but can additionally be performed automatically and from one or more selected locations.
- strength adjuster 410 can dynamically update the component ratio in signal 335 to match current conditions, e.g., signal strengths of the components of signal 335 .
- strength adjuster can also adjust the component ratio based on a number of receiver devices present in signal range 255 , e.g., when number of devices for which the ratio is used to reduce interference falls below a threshold (or is zero), strength determiner 410 can change or suspend the use of the ratio and, in some circumstances, boost the strength of the non-protected component. For example, based on information corresponding to a number of terrestrial radio receivers in signal range 255 , strength adjuster 410 can adjust the relative strength of signal 325 A upwards.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example block diagram 500 of a more detailed view of cell site 320 of FIG. 3 , in accordance with one or more embodiments. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity.
- different configurations of components in cell site 320 are discussed below, e.g., combinations of one or more of integrated access device 520 , repeater 530 , and master host unit (MHU) 560 .
- MHU master host unit
- cell site 320 can receive signal 310 A using an IP 515 connection, with packets 516 being a packetized signal 310 A, e.g., backhaul content on a cellular network from the core.
- IP 515 connection can employ an ETHERNET TO THE CELL SITE (ETTCS) protocol and, in other embodiments, different transmission protocols can be used, including legacy backhaul protocols such as time-division multiplexing (TDM).
- signal 310 B can also be received in IP form, e.g., packetized in packets 521 .
- signal 310 B encoded in packets 521 can be received directly from a content source, e.g., signal 310 B can be a SDARS terrestrial signal received from a satellite radio provider.
- signal 310 B can be a SDARS terrestrial signal received from a satellite radio provider.
- one or more of IP 515 and IP 520 connections can be delivered in a virtual private network (VPN).
- VPN virtual private network
- signal 310 A can be received by integrated access device 520 , and this component can allocate signal 310 A via IP 524 to baseband unit (BBU) 540 or similar component.
- BBU 540 can convert IP 524 content into a CPRI signal 547 A that can be communicated (e.g., by fiber-optic connection) by signal 325 A to tower components 375 of tower 370 , discussed in FIG. 7 below, e.g., to a radio resource unit (RRU) or similar component.
- RRU radio resource unit
- signal 310 B signal can be received by repeater 530 and processed by MHU 560 . Once received, signal 310 B can be communicated via signal 325 B to tower components 375 for amplification and combination with signal 325 A and transmission of the combined signal, as discussed below.
- One way to communicate signal 325 B to the cell tower is by conversion by components of cell site 320 to a Radio Frequency over Fiber (RFoF) 546 signal and transmission using a fiber-optic connection.
- signal 310 B can be received by an off-air repeater, e.g., received by an antenna receiver communicatively coupled to cell site 320 . Further, the off-air repeater can also be a component of tower components 375 , with signal 310 B being received by tower components 375 , and combined with signal 325 A.
- signal 310 B can also be received via the IP 515 signal discussed above, e.g., delivered to integrated access device 520 using packets 516 .
- Integrated access device 520 can also allocate signal 310 B via IP 522 to repeater 530 , where the SDARS signal can be amplified by MHU 560 , converted to an optical signal (e.g., RFoF 546 or CPRI 547 B) and communicated to tower components 375 for combination with signal 325 B and transmission.
- amplifier 460 can be a part of a Distributed Antenna System (DAS).
- DAS Distributed Antenna System
- signal 310 B can be received by integrated access device 520 and communicated directly via IP 522 to a combined repeater 530 and MHU 560 component (not shown) for conversion into CPRI 547 B signal for communication to tower components 375 .
- the one or more of the functions performed by functions performed by MHU 560 and repeater 530 can also be performed outside of cell site 320 , e.g., as a part of a centralized radio access network (C-RAN) architecture.
- C-RAN centralized radio access network
- Benefits of this approach can include a reduction in floor space used by components at cell site 320 , use of a one to many approach (e.g., one signal 325 B can be generated in CPRI 547 B form and relayed to multiple cell sites 320 and towers 370 ), reduction in circuit costs, and a potential to be used by other entities, including satellite radio providers.
- FIG. 6 depicts a more detailed view 600 of tower components 375 of tower 370 in accordance with one or more embodiments. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity. It should be noted that embodiments discussed with the description of FIG. 6 below, do not have to contain all of the elements depicted in FIG. 6 .
- signal 325 A (e.g., received by fiber-optic connection in CPRI 547 A format) can be received by Remote Radio Unit (RRU) 610 from BBU 540
- signal 325 B can be received (e.g., received by fiber-optic connection in RFoF 546 or CPRI 547 B format) by SDARS component 620
- signals 325 A-B respectively can be amplified by amplifiers 625 A-B.
- the amplification of one or more of signals 325 A-B can perform some of the functions described above as performed by strength adjuster 410 , e.g., boosting one signal or another to establish a desired ratio between the signals.
- signal 325 B at the point of diplexing by diplexer 630 (e.g., similar to combiner 330 described above) can be either an analog signal (e.g., RFoF 546 ) or a digital signal (e.g., CPRI 547 B), and whichever of the two formats are used, can be combined with signal 325 A, resulting in combined signal 335 .
- Example ratios are discussed above with FIG. 2 , and additionally, a ratio where signal 325 B is 17-18 dB below signal 325 A can also be used, e.g., when an off-air repeater is used to generate signal 325 B.
- signal 335 can be amplified by amplifier 635 before communication to antenna 340 .
- signal 325 A can be WCS frequency signals, and antenna 340 and transmission equipment (not shown) can be enabled to transmit and receive WCS communications.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method 700 , in accordance with one or more embodiments.
- description of like elements and/or processes employed in other embodiments is omitted.
- method 700 can receive, by a network device comprising a processor, a first signal.
- a network device e.g., tower components 375
- a processor e.g., processing unit 914
- a first signal e.g., signal 325 A from cell site 320
- method 700 can combine, by the network device, the first signal with a second signal resulting in a combined signal, and the first signal can be combined using a different weight than is applied to the second signal.
- method 700 can combine (e.g., by diplexer 630 ), by the network device (e.g., by tower components 375 ), the first signal (e.g., signal 325 A) with a second signal (e.g., signal 325 B) resulting in a combined signal, and the first signal can be combined using a different weight (e.g., by strength adjuster 410 ) than is applied to the second signal (e.g., in combined signal 335 , signal 325 B has 6 dB less power than signal 325 A).
- a different weight e.g., by strength adjuster 410
- method 700 can broadcast, by the network device, by an antenna of the network device, the combined signal.
- method 700 can broadcast, by the network device (e.g., tower components 375 ), by an antenna (e.g., by employing antenna 540 ) of the network device (e.g., cell site 320 and tower 370 ), the combined signal (e.g., signal 335 ).
- FIG. 8 illustrates is an example block diagram of an example mobile handset 800 operable to engage in a system architecture that facilitates wireless communications according to one or more embodiments described herein.
- a mobile handset is illustrated herein, it will be understood that other devices can be a mobile device, and that the mobile handset is merely illustrated to provide context for the embodiments of the various embodiments described herein.
- the following discussion is intended to provide a brief, general description of an example of a suitable environment in which the various embodiments can be implemented. While the description includes a general context of computer-executable instructions embodied on a machine-readable storage medium, those skilled in the art will recognize that the innovation also can be implemented in combination with other program modules and/or as a combination of hardware and software.
- applications can include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
- applications e.g., program modules
- routines programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
- systems including single-processor or multiprocessor systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices.
- a computing device can typically include a variety of machine-readable media.
- Machine-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media.
- Computer-readable media can comprise computer storage media and communication media.
- Computer storage media can include volatile and/or non-volatile media, removable and/or non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data.
- Computer storage media can include, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, solid state drive (SSD) or other solid-state storage technology, Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD ROM), digital video disk (DVD), Blu-ray disk, or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by the computer.
- SSD solid state drive
- CD ROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory
- DVD digital video disk
- Blu-ray disk or other optical disk storage
- magnetic cassettes magnetic tape
- magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by the computer.
- tangible or “non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory or computer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquish rights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se.
- Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery media.
- modulated data signal means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal.
- communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media
- the handset includes a processor 802 for controlling and processing all onboard operations and functions.
- a memory 804 interfaces to the processor 802 for storage of data and one or more applications 806 (e.g., a video player software, user feedback component software, etc.). Other applications can include voice recognition of predetermined voice commands that facilitate initiation of the user feedback signals.
- the applications 806 can be stored in the memory 804 and/or in a firmware 808 , and executed by the processor 802 from either or both the memory 804 or/and the firmware 808 .
- the firmware 808 can also store startup code for execution in initializing the handset 800 .
- a communications component 810 interfaces to the processor 802 to facilitate wired/wireless communication with external systems, e.g., cellular networks, VoIP networks, and so on.
- the communications component 810 can also include a suitable cellular transceiver 811 (e.g., a GSM transceiver) and/or an unlicensed transceiver 813 (e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMax) for corresponding signal communications.
- the handset 800 can be a device such as a cellular telephone, a PDA with mobile communications capabilities, and messaging-centric devices.
- the communications component 810 also facilitates communications reception from terrestrial radio networks (e.g., broadcast), digital satellite radio networks, and Internet-based radio services networks
- the handset 800 includes a display 812 for displaying text, images, video, telephony functions (e.g., a Caller ID function), setup functions, and for user input.
- the display 812 can also be referred to as a “screen” that can accommodate the presentation of multimedia content (e.g., music metadata, messages, wallpaper, graphics, etc.).
- the display 812 can also display videos and can facilitate the generation, editing and sharing of video quotes.
- a serial I/O interface 814 is provided in communication with the processor 802 to facilitate wired and/or wireless serial communications (e.g., USB, and/or IEEE 1294) through a hardwire connection, and other serial input devices (e.g., a keyboard, keypad, and mouse).
- Audio capabilities are provided with an audio I/O component 816 , which can include a speaker for the output of audio signals related to, for example, indication that the user pressed the proper key or key combination to initiate the user feedback signal.
- the audio I/O component 816 also facilitates the input of audio signals through a microphone to record data and/or telephony voice data, and for inputting voice signals for telephone conversations.
- the handset 800 can include a slot interface 818 for accommodating a SIC (Subscriber Identity Component) in the form factor of a card Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) or universal SIM 820 , and interfacing the SIM card 820 with the processor 802 .
- SIM Subscriber Identity Module
- the SIM card 820 can be manufactured into the handset 800 , and updated by downloading data and software.
- the handset 800 can process IP data traffic through the communications component 810 to accommodate IP traffic from an IP network such as, for example, the Internet, a corporate intranet, a home network, a person area network, etc., through an ISP or broadband cable provider.
- IP network such as, for example, the Internet, a corporate intranet, a home network, a person area network, etc.
- VoIP traffic can be utilized by the handset 800 and IP-based multimedia content can be received in either an encoded or a decoded format.
- a video processing component 822 (e.g., a camera) can be provided for decoding encoded multimedia content.
- the video processing component 822 can aid in facilitating the generation, editing, and sharing of video quotes.
- the handset 800 also includes a power source 824 in the form of batteries and/or an AC power subsystem, which power source 824 can interface to an external power system or charging equipment (not shown) by a power I/O component 826 .
- the handset 800 can also include a video component 830 for processing video content received and, for recording and transmitting video content.
- the video component 830 can facilitate the generation, editing and sharing of video quotes.
- a location tracking component 832 facilitates geographically locating the handset 800 . As described hereinabove, this can occur when the user initiates the feedback signal automatically or manually.
- a user input component 834 facilitates the user initiating the quality feedback signal.
- the user input component 834 can also facilitate the generation, editing and sharing of video quotes.
- the user input component 834 can include such conventional input device technologies such as a keypad, keyboard, mouse, stylus pen, and/or touch screen, for example.
- a hysteresis component 836 facilitates the analysis and processing of hysteresis data, which is utilized to determine when to associate with the access point.
- a software trigger component 838 can be provided that facilitates triggering of the hysteresis component 836 when the Wi-Fi transceiver 813 detects the beacon of the access point.
- a SIP client 840 enables the handset 800 to support SIP protocols and register the subscriber with the SIP registrar server.
- the applications 806 can also include a client 842 that provides at least the capability of discovery, play and store of multimedia content, for example, music.
- the handset 800 includes an indoor network radio transceiver 813 (e.g., Wi-Fi transceiver). This function supports the indoor radio link, such as IEEE 802.11, for the dual-mode GSM handset 800 .
- the handset 800 can accommodate at least satellite radio services through a handset that can combine wireless voice and digital radio chipsets into a single handheld device.
- the technology described herein can provide increased robustness and reduced latency of initial access and V2X configuration when control plane and mobility signaling is provided over a sub6-GHz anchor link via multi-connectivity, (compared to a standalone architecture), in which V2X-capable UEs provide initial access, IDLE mode, control plane, and mobility functionality.
- the technology can facilitate reduced overhead on mmWave backhaul links multiplexing cellular and V2X traffic (of one or more bands) by utilizing sub 6-GHz channels for control plane signaling instead of multiplexing both control and data links on mmWave bands.
- the technology described herein provides the ability to efficiently perform local manager configuration and association based on measurements/reports related to sidelink link quality metrics over sub6-GHz channels more efficiently than over the NR mmWave backhaul links.
- the technology described herein enables support for simultaneous cellular communication with a network infrastructure, in addition to V2X direct communication services on the same or different carriers.
- Wireless communication system 200 can thus include one or more communication service provider networks that facilitate providing wireless communication services to various user equipments via the network device and/or various additional network devices (as is understood) included in the one or more communication service provider networks.
- the one or more communication service provider networks can include various types of disparate networks, including but not limited to: cellular networks, femto networks, picocell networks, microcell networks, internet protocol (IP) networks Wi-Fi service networks, broadband service network, enterprise networks, cloud-based networks, and the like.
- system 100 can be or include a large-scale wireless communication network that spans various geographic areas.
- the one or more communication service provider networks can be or include the wireless communication network and/or various additional devices and components of the wireless communication network (e.g., additional network devices and cell, additional user equipments, network server devices, etc.).
- the network device can be connected to one or more communication service provider networks via one or more backhaul links or the like (not shown).
- the one or more backhaul links can comprise wired link components, such as a T1/E1 phone line, a digital subscriber line (DSL) (e.g., either synchronous or asynchronous), an asymmetric DSL (ADSL), an optical fiber backbone, a coaxial cable, and the like.
- DSL digital subscriber line
- ADSL asymmetric DSL
- optical fiber backbone e.g., either synchronous or asynchronous
- coaxial cable e.g., a coaxial cable, and the like.
- the wireless communication system can employ various cellular systems, technologies, and modulation schemes to facilitate wireless radio communications between devices. While example embodiments include use of 5G new radio (NR) systems, one or more embodiments discussed herein can be applicable to any radio access technology (RAT) or multi-RAT system, including where user equipments operate using multiple carriers, e.g. LTE FDD/TDD, GSM/GERAN, CDMA2000, etc.
- RAT radio access technology
- wireless communication system 200 can operate in accordance with global system for mobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications service (UMTS), long term evolution (LTE), LTE frequency division duplexing (LTE FDD, LTE time division duplexing (TDD), high speed packet access (HSPA), code division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCMDA), CDMA2000, time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA), single-carrier code division multiple access (SC-CDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-spread OFDM) single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Filter bank based multi-carrier (FBMC), zero tail DFT-spread-OFDM (ZT DFT-s-OFDM), generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), fixed mobile convergence (FMC), universal fixed mobile convergence (UFMC),
- various features and functionalities of systems described herein are configured to communicate wireless signals using one or more multi carrier modulation schemes, wherein data symbols can be transmitted simultaneously over multiple frequency subcarriers (e.g., OFDM, CP-OFDM, DFT-spread OFMD, UFMC, FMBC, etc.).
- the embodiments are applicable to single carrier as well as to multicarrier (MC) or carrier aggregation (CA) operation of the user equipment.
- MC multicarrier
- CA carrier aggregation
- CA carrier aggregation
- multi-carrier system multi-cell operation
- multi-carrier operation multi-carrier
- Multi-carrier transmission and/or reception.
- Multi RAB radio bearers
- program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
- program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
- program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
- program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
- program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types.
- the illustrated aspects of the innovation can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network.
- program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.
- Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which can include computer-readable storage media or communications media, which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.
- Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media.
- Computer-readable storage media can be implemented in connection with any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured data, or unstructured data.
- Computer-readable storage media can include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to store desired information.
- Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local or remote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or other data retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the information stored by the medium.
- Communications media can embody computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery or transport media.
- modulated data signal or signals refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals.
- communication media include wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.
- the techniques described herein can be applied to any device or set of devices (machines) capable of running programs and processes. It can be understood, therefore, that servers including physical and/or virtual machines, personal computers, laptops, handheld, portable and other computing devices and computing objects of all kinds including cell phones, tablet/slate computers, gaming/entertainment consoles and the like are contemplated for use in connection with various implementations including those exemplified herein. Accordingly, the general-purpose computing mechanism described below with reference to FIG. 9 is but one example of a computing device.
- FIG. 9 and the following discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable environment in which the various aspects of the disclosed subject matter can be implemented. While the subject matter has been described above in the general context of computer-executable instructions of a computer program that runs on a computer and/or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosed subject matter also can be implemented in combination with other program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks and/or implement particular abstract data types.
- nonvolatile memory can be included in read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory.
- Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory.
- RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM).
- SRAM synchronous RAM
- DRAM dynamic RAM
- SDRAM synchronous DRAM
- DDR SDRAM double data rate SDRAM
- ESDRAM enhanced SDRAM
- SLDRAM Synchlink DRAM
- DRRAM direct Rambus RAM
- the disclosed memory components of systems or methods herein are intended to comprise, without being limited to comprising, these and any other suitable types of memory.
- the disclosed subject matter can be practiced with other computer system configurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, mini-computing devices, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices (e.g., PDA, phone, watch, tablet computers, netbook computers, . . . ), microprocessor-based or programmable consumer or industrial electronics, and the like.
- the illustrated aspects can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network; however, some if not all aspects of the subject disclosure can be practiced on stand-alone computers.
- program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an operating environment 900 operable to execute the disclosed systems and methods in accordance with an embodiment.
- Computer 912 which can be, for example, part of the hardware of system 920 , includes a processing unit 914 , a system memory 916 , and a system bus 918 .
- System bus 918 couples system components including, but not limited to, system memory 916 to processing unit 914 .
- Processing unit 914 can be any of various available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multiprocessor architectures also can be employed as processing unit 914 .
- System bus 918 can be any of several types of bus structure(s) including a memory bus or a memory controller, a peripheral bus or an external bus, and/or a local bus using any variety of available bus architectures including, but not limited to, Industrial Standard Architecture (ISA), Micro-Channel Architecture (MSA), Extended ISA (EISA), Intelligent Drive Electronics, VESA Local Bus (VLB), Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Card Bus, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Advanced Graphics Port (AGP), Personal Computer Memory Card International Association bus (PCMCIA), Firewire (IEEE 894), and Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI).
- ISA Industrial Standard Architecture
- MSA Micro-Channel Architecture
- EISA Extended ISA
- VLB Intelligent Drive Electronics
- VLB VESA Local Bus
- PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
- Card Bus Universal Serial Bus
- USB Universal Serial Bus
- AGP Advanced Graphics Port
- PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association bus
- Firewire IEEE 894
- SCSI Small Computer Systems
- System memory 916 can include volatile memory 920 and nonvolatile memory 922 .
- a basic input/output system (BIOS) containing routines to transfer information between elements within computer 912 , such as during start-up, can be stored in nonvolatile memory 922 .
- nonvolatile memory 922 can include ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, or flash memory.
- Volatile memory 920 includes RAM, which acts as external cache memory.
- RAM is available in many forms such as SRAM, dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct Rambus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and Rambus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
- DRAM dynamic RAM
- SDRAM synchronous DRAM
- DDR SDRAM double data rate SDRAM
- ESDRAM enhanced SDRAM
- SLDRAM Synchlink DRAM
- RDRAM Rambus direct RAM
- DRAM direct Rambus dynamic RAM
- RDRAM Rambus dynamic RAM
- Disk storage 924 includes, but is not limited to, devices like a magnetic disk drive, floppy disk drive, tape drive, flash memory card, or memory stick.
- disk storage 924 can include storage media separately or in combination with other storage media including, but not limited to, an optical disk drive such as a compact disk ROM device (CD-ROM), CD recordable drive (CD-R Drive), CD rewritable drive (CD-RW Drive) or a digital versatile disk ROM drive (DVD-ROM).
- CD-ROM compact disk ROM device
- CD-R Drive CD recordable drive
- CD-RW Drive CD rewritable drive
- DVD-ROM digital versatile disk ROM drive
- a removable or non-removable interface is typically used, such as interface 926 .
- Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which can include computer-readable storage media or communications media, which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.
- Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media.
- Computer-readable storage media can be implemented in connection with any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured data, or unstructured data.
- Computer-readable storage media can include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, solid state drive (SSD) or other solid-state storage technology, compact disk read only memory (CD ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD), Blu-ray disc or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to store desired information.
- RAM random access memory
- ROM read only memory
- EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read only memory
- flash memory or other memory technology
- SSD solid state drive
- CD ROM compact disk read only memory
- DVD digital versatile disk
- Blu-ray disc or other optical disk storage magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to store desired information.
- tangible media can include non-transitory media wherein the term “non-transitory” herein as may be applied to storage, memory or computer-readable media, is to be understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se as a modifier and does not relinquish coverage of all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se.
- Computer-readable storage device is used and defined herein to exclude transitory media.
- Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local or remote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or other data retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the information stored by the medium.
- Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery or transport media.
- modulated data signal or signals refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals.
- communication media include wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.
- FIG. 9 describes software that acts as an intermediary between users and computer resources described in suitable operating environment 900 .
- Such software includes an operating system 928 .
- Operating system 928 which can be stored on disk storage 924 , acts to control and allocate resources of computer 912 .
- System applications 930 take advantage of the management of resources by operating system 928 through program modules 932 and program data 934 stored either in system memory 916 or on disk storage 924 . It is to be noted that the disclosed subject matter can be implemented with various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
- a user can enter commands or information into computer 912 through input device(s) 936 .
- a mobile device and/or portable device can include a user interface embodied in a touch sensitive display panel allowing a user to interact with computer 912 .
- Input devices 936 include, but are not limited to, a pointing device such as a mouse, trackball, stylus, touch pad, keyboard, microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, TV tuner card, digital camera, digital video camera, web camera, cell phone, smartphone, tablet computer, etc. These and other input devices connect to processing unit 914 through system bus 918 by way of interface port(s) 938 .
- Interface port(s) 938 include, for example, a serial port, a parallel port, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB), an infrared port, a Bluetooth port, an IP port, or a logical port associated with a wireless service, etc.
- Output device(s) 940 and a move use some of the same type of ports as input device(s) 936 .
- a USB port can be used to provide input to computer 912 and to output information from computer 912 to an output device 940 .
- Output adapter 942 is provided to illustrate that there are some output devices 940 like monitors, speakers, and printers, among other output devices 940 , which use special adapters.
- Output adapters 942 include, by way of illustration and not limitation, video and sound cards that provide means of connection between output device 940 and system bus 918 . It should be noted that other devices and/or systems of devices provide both input and output capabilities such as remote computer(s) 944 .
- Computer 912 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as remote computer(s) 944 .
- Remote computer(s) 944 can be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, cloud storage, cloud service, a workstation, a microprocessor-based appliance, a peer device, or other common network node and the like, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative to computer 912 .
- Network interface 948 encompasses wire and/or wireless communication networks such as local-area networks (LAN) and wide-area networks (WAN).
- LAN technologies include Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI), Ethernet, Token Ring and the like.
- WAN technologies include, but are not limited to, point-to-point links, circuit-switching networks like Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN) and variations thereon, packet switching networks, and Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL).
- ISDN Integrated Services Digital Networks
- DSL Digital Subscriber Lines
- wireless technologies may be used in addition to or in place of the foregoing.
- Communication connection(s) 950 refer(s) to hardware/software employed to connect network interface 948 to bus 918 . While communication connection 950 is shown for illustrative clarity inside computer 912 , it can also be external to computer 912 .
- the hardware/software for connection to network interface 948 can include, for example, internal and external technologies such as modems, including regular telephone grade modems, cable modems and DSL modems, ISDN adapters, and Ethernet cards.
- processor can refer to substantially any computing processing unit or device comprising, but not limited to comprising, single-core processors; single-processors with software multithread execution capability; multi-core processors; multi-core processors with software multithread execution capability; multi-core processors with hardware multithread technology; parallel platforms; and parallel platforms with distributed shared memory.
- a processor can refer to an integrated circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein.
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- DSP digital signal processor
- FPGA field programmable gate array
- PLC programmable logic controller
- CPLD complex programmable logic device
- processors can exploit nano-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular and quantum-dot based transistors, switches and gates, in order to optimize space usage or enhance performance of user equipment.
- a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing processing units.
- a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer.
- a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer.
- an application running on a server and the server can be a component.
- One or more components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers.
- these components can execute from various computer readable media, device readable storage devices, or machine-readable media having various data structures stored thereon.
- the components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems via the signal).
- a component can be an apparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric or electronic circuitry, which is operated by a software or firmware application executed by a processor, wherein the processor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes at least a part of the software or firmware application.
- a component can be an apparatus that provides specific functionality through electronic components without mechanical parts, the electronic components can include a processor therein to execute software or firmware that confers at least in part the functionality of the electronic components.
- UE user equipment
- mobile station mobile
- subscriber station subscriber station
- subscriber equipment access terminal
- terminal terminal
- handset refers to a wireless device utilized by a subscriber or user of a wireless communication service to receive or convey data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming, or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream.
- UE user equipment
- access point AP
- base station NodeB
- eNodeB evolved Node B
- HNB home Node B
- HAP home access point
- cell device cell device
- cell cell
- core-network can refer to components of a telecommunications network that typically provides some or all of aggregation, authentication, call control and switching, charging, service invocation, or gateways.
- Aggregation can refer to the highest level of aggregation in a service provider network wherein the next level in the hierarchy under the core nodes is the distribution networks and then the edge networks.
- User equipments do not normally connect directly to the core networks of a large service provider but can be routed to the core by way of a switch or radio area network.
- Authentication can refer to determinations regarding whether the user requesting a service from the telecom network is authorized to do so within this network or not.
- Call control and switching can refer determinations related to the future course of a call stream across carrier equipment based on the call signal processing.
- Charging can be related to the collation and processing of charging data generated by various network nodes.
- Two common types of charging mechanisms found in present day networks can be prepaid charging and postpaid charging.
- Service invocation can occur based on some explicit action (e.g. call transfer) or implicitly (e.g., call waiting). It is to be noted that service “execution” may or may not be a core network functionality as third-party network/nodes may take part in actual service execution.
- a gateway can be present in the core network to access other networks. Gateway functionality can be dependent on the type of the interface with another network.
- the terms “user,” “subscriber,” “customer,” “consumer,” “prosumer,” “agent,” and the like are employed interchangeably throughout the subject specification, unless context warrants particular distinction(s) among the terms. It should be appreciated that such terms can refer to human entities or automated components (e.g., supported through artificial intelligence, as through a capacity to make inferences based on complex mathematical formalisms), that can provide simulated vision, sound recognition and so forth.
- Non-limiting examples of such technologies or networks include Geocast technology; broadcast technologies (e.g., sub-Hz, ELF, VLF, LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF, SHF, THz broadcasts, etc.); Ethernet; X.25; powerline-type networking (e.g., PowerLine AV Ethernet, etc.); femto-cell technology; Wi-Fi; Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX); Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (Enhanced GPRS); Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP or 3G) Long Term Evolution (LTE); 3GPP Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) or 3GPP UMTS; Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB); High Speed Packet Access (HSPA); High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA); High Speed Uplink Pack
- Geocast technology e.g., sub-Hz, ELF, VLF, LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF, SHF, THz broadcast
Abstract
The technologies described herein are generally directed toward facilitating indicating frequency and time domain resources in communication systems with multiple transmission points. According to an embodiment, a system can comprise a processor, a base transceiver station, and a memory that can store executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, can facilitate performance of operations. The operations can include receiving a first signal. The operations can further include combining the first signal with a second signal resulting in a combined signal, wherein the first signal can be combined using a different weight than is applied to the second signal. The operations can further include broadcasting by an antenna of the base transceiver station, the combined signal.
Description
- The subject patent application is a continuation of, and claims priority to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/376,098, filed Apr. 5, 2019, and entitled “REDUCING INTERFERENCE BY COMBINING SIGNALS AT DIFFERENT STRENGTHS AND TRANSMITTING THE COMBINED SIGNAL FROM AN ANTENNA,” the entirety of which application is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
- The subject application is related to wireless communication systems, and, for example, reducing interference between signals.
- Limited available bandwidth has led to different wireless uses sharing adjacent parts of the available spectrum. Different wireless uses can have a variety of different characteristics, including using receivers with different tolerances for interference from adjacent signals, requiring both uplink and downlink signals, having transmission powers greater than adjacent signals, and other like differences. Examples of different uses that can share adjacent bandwidth included cellular communications and broadcast radio.
- When signals with adjacent or overlapping bandwidth are transmitted from proximate locations, to address differences in the signals (e.g., the differences noted above) adjustments to the transmission of one or both of signals may have to be made in order to facilitate both signals being received and decoded by their respective receivers. In some circumstances however, adjustments to mitigate interference can render one or both signals unusable by respective receivers.
- The technology described herein is illustrated by way of example and not limited in the accompanying figures in which like reference numerals indicate similar elements and in which:
-
FIG. 1 illustrates an example diagram of two signals transmitted from two sites using two different antennas in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. -
FIG. 2 illustrates an example diagram of two signals combined and transmitted from one site using an antenna, in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a system for reducing interference between signals in accordance with one or more embodiments. -
FIG. 4 depicts a more detailed view of a combiner in accordance with one or more embodiments. -
FIG. 5 illustrates an example block diagram of a more detailed view of the cell site ofFIG. 3 , in accordance with one or more embodiments. -
FIG. 6 depicts a more detailed view of tower components of the tower ofFIG. 3 in accordance with one or more embodiments. -
FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method, in accordance with one or more embodiments. -
FIG. 8 illustrates is an example block diagram of an example mobile handset operable to engage in a system architecture can facilitate wireless communications according to one or more embodiments described herein. -
FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an operating environment operable to execute the disclosed systems and methods in accordance with an embodiment. - Generally speaking, one or more embodiments described herein provide mechanisms to facilitate reducing interference by combining signals at different strengths and transmitting the combined signal from an antenna. The computer processing systems, computer-implemented methods, apparatus and/or computer program products described herein employ hardware and/or software to solve problems that are highly technical in nature (e.g., reducing interference by combining signals at selected, different signal strengths), that are not abstract and cannot be performed as a set of mental acts by a human. For example, a human, or even a plurality of humans, cannot efficiently, accurately and effectively select a ratio for combining signals and combine the signals with the same level of accuracy and/or efficiency as the various embodiments described herein.
- Further, some of the processes performed can be performed by specialized computers for carrying out defined tasks related to facilitate reducing interference by combining signals at different strengths and transmitting the combined signal from an antenna. One or more embodiments described herein can be employed to solve new problems that arise through advancements in technology, computer networks, the Internet, and the like.
System 300 or other systems detailed herein can provide technical improvements to facilitate reducing interference by combining signals at different strengths and transmitting the combined signal from an antenna, but are not limited to, improving the reduction of interference between signals, e.g., signals having adjacent frequencies and receivers with different filtering characteristics. -
FIG. 1 illustrates an example diagram of two signals transmitted fromfirst site 150 andsecond site 160 using two different antennas in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein, e.g., the signals being transmitted from an antenna at each site. It should be noted, that when an antenna is discussed herein, an antenna array of multiple radiating elements can also be used, without departing from the spirit of one or more embodiments described herein. It should also be noted that, notwithstanding the examples wherefirst site 150 andsecond site 160 are geographically separated, the examples below still apply, even whensignals 110A-B are transmitted from different antennas on the same tower. - Using an antenna,
first site 150 can broadcastsignal 110A to anexample range 155, within which, the signal may be able to be received bysignal receivers 120A-B. Using another antenna,second site 160broadcasts signal 110B to anexample range 165, within which, it may be able to be received bysignal receivers 130A-C. Building 140 is shown, and provides an example of a potential weakening of first andsecond signals 110A-B due to different factors, e.g., path-loss frombuilding 140. - In one or more embodiments,
signals signal receivers 120A-B and 130A-C. In this non-limiting example,signal 110A is bidirectional cellular data network signal andsignal receivers 120A-B are user equipments,second site 160 is a Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service (SDARS) terrestrial repeater broadcast station,signal 110B is a terrestrial broadcast of satellite radio content, andsignal receivers 130A-B are portable satellite radio receivers. Continuing this example, signals 110A and 110B, inFIG. 1 , are broadcasting portions of signals using frequencies in an adjacent area of the radio spectrum. For example,signal 110A can be broadcast within 2315-2320 MHz (e.g., Wireless Communication Service (WCS) C-Block frequencies), andsignal 110B can be broadcast within 2320-2324.54 MHz (e.g., SDARS terrestrial repeater block). In this example, because user equipments (e.g.,signal receivers 120A-B) and satellite radio receivers (e.g.,signal receivers 130A-C), have different signal receiving capabilities and the frequency blocks are adjacent, in some circumstances, measures are taken to avoid interference between the signals. - One type of interference that can occur in this example is related to the capacity of
signal receivers 130A-C (e.g., satellite radio receivers) to filter outsignal 110A while receiving and decodingsignal 110B, e.g.,signal 110A can be noise to receivers ofsignal 110B, capable of muting and/or impairing the receiving ofsignal 110B byreceivers 130A-C. When overlap of signals is detected (e.g., as shown inFIG. 1 ), ways to address this type of interference include, but are not limited to, reducing the transmission power ofsignal 110A, increasing the transmission power ofsignal 110B, or both. In some circumstances, a range of ratios of transmission strengths ofsignals 110A-B can reduce the amount of noise received bysignal receivers 130A-C and enablesignal 110B to be successfully received and decoded. One way to select an amount of power to reducesignal 110A by, is to measure the strength of both signals at different geographic points, and select a power level that allowssignal receivers 130A-C to receive and decodesignal 110B. - In one or more embodiments, the ratio of signal strengths of
signals 110A-B can be expressed in decibels (dB). For example, one non-limiting example, when received bysignal receivers 130A-C (e.g., satellite radio receivers),signal 110B can be at alevel 6 dB (four times) below the level ofsignal 110A (e.g., a cellular data signal). In some circumstances where this ratio is maintained (e.g., by raising or lowering the strength ofsignals 110A-B),signal 110B will be able to be received and decoded, e.g., bysignal receiver 130A. - In other circumstances however, because of different antenna profiles between the antenna of
first site 150 and the antenna ofsecond site 160, the signal ratio ofsignals 110A-B at the receiver can be substantially different than the selected ratio. For example, the proximity of 130C tofirst site 150 can cause the strength ofsignal 110A in the ratio to be higher than the selected value, andsignal receiver 130B being blocked by building 140, can affect the ratio in unpredictable ways, e.g., the extent to which building 140 blocks both signals. Based on these different actual ratios at the receivers, whilereceiver 130A can receive and decodesignal 110B,signal receivers signal 110B muted and/or impaired bysignal 110A. The example positioning ofbuilding 140 illustrates howfirst site 150 andsecond site 160 can have different antenna profiles with respect tosignal receiver 130B, e.g., in this example,building 140 can cause different signal path-losses for signals from each source. - It is also important to note that, adjusting the ratio between
signals 110A-B to attempt to correct a deficiency in a ratio of the strength of these signals (e.g., to correct one or more of too high a signal strength forsignal 110A, or too low as strength forsignal 110B), may not correct the problem. For example, as would be appreciated by one having skill in the relevant arts, given the description herein, when the aggregate strength ofsignals 110A-B exceeds an overload value (e.g., one or more ofsignal receivers 130A-C), the operation ofsignal receivers 130A-C can become non-linear, e.g., even if the 110B signal is increased in strength,signal receivers 130A-C cannot process the aggregated signal load at the range of frequencies used bysignals 110A-B. - In some circumstances, an optimizing approach can be taken that selects a signal strength for one or both signals that can yield the best results, e.g., achieving a minimum threshold of muted or
impaired receivers 130A-V, while maintaining adequate performance forfirst site 150serving signal receivers 120A-B. One having skill in the relevant arts, given the description herein, will appreciate that, depending on the optimizing criteria used, there is a potential formany signal receivers 130A-C to be unable to demodulatesignal 110B due too low or too high a signal strength. Additionally, in some circumstances the optimizing function may indicate a signal strength needed forsignal 110A that impairs the performance offirst site 150 so significantly, thatfirst site 150 is essentially not usable. -
FIG. 2 illustrates an example diagram of two signals combined and transmitted from onesite 250 using an antenna, in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity. - Like
first site 150 andsecond site 160,site 250 can communicatesignals 110A-B, but in contrast to the example approach ofFIG. 1 , in one or more embodiments,signals 110A-B can be combined for transmission into signal 210. One approach to combiningsignals 110A-B the can be used by one or more embodiments modulatessignals 110A-B on carriers of different frequencies, e.g., the frequencies used to broadcast them separately inFIG. 1 . In one or more embodiments, this can be an implementation of frequency-domain multiplexing of the two signals. - Thus, in a variation of the example above,
signal 110A can be modulated on a carrier of a frequency within 2315-2320 MHz, andsignal 110B can be modulated on a carrier of a frequency within 2320-2324.54 MHz. In this example,signal receivers 120A-B and 130A-C and the devices receive the carriers corresponding to their allocated bandwidth. In one or more embodiments, this combination and transmission ofsignals 110A-B from a single antenna can improve the adjustment of signal strengths for receiving bysignal receivers 120A-B and 130A-C because, when measurements are taken to select signal strength, instead of measurements of two signals being from two different antennas (e.g.,first site 150 andsecond site 160 ofFIG. 1 ), one signal can be measured from an antenna with one antenna profile, e.g., have the same fade profiles, as well as the same impairments (e.g., building 140) in roughly the same magnitude. Additional benefits and processes are described withFIG. 3 below. -
FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of asystem 300 for reducing interference between signals in accordance with one or more embodiments. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity. - In one or more embodiments,
system 300 is a more detailed view ofsite 250 ofFIG. 2 discussed above. In a non-limiting example,cell site 320 can be communicatively coupled totower components 375 oftower 370. Tower components can include combiner 330, which can be communicatively coupled toantenna 340. One or more of the functions performed by embodiments described herein can be facilitated by the operating environment described withFIG. 9 below, e.g., by employingcomputer 912, as a part of the hardware of a system that includes aprocessing unit 914, asystem memory 916, and asystem bus 918. Additionally, one or more embodiments of signal receivers (e.g., signalreceivers 120A-B and 130A-C) can be facilitated by, as described withFIG. 8 below, a mobile handset that can facilitate one-way or two-way wireless communications according to one or more embodiments described herein. - In one or more embodiments, the functions of
combiner 330 andother tower components 375 can be located in or divided between, one or more ofcell site 320,tower 370, and other locations. One having skill in the relevant arts, given the description herein, would appreciate that, because of the characteristics of tower 370 (e.g., being exposed to elements, and subject to restrictions in power and space) one or more combinations of functions described herein can require significant design and implementation efforts to be successfully located or not located intower 370. -
Cell site 320 can receivesignals 310A-B, the signals respectively being in this example, a bidirectional cellular data network signal, and a SDARS terrestrial repeater signal. It is important to note that other types of signals can also be handled by one or more embodiments. As discussed further withFIGS. 4-7 below, after receivingsignals 310A-B,cell site 320 can perform different operations onsignals 310A-B, e.g., conversion from one format to another for different purposes. Signals 325A-B, corresponding tosignals 310A-B before passing throughcell site 320, can be in a variety of different formats, as discussed withFIG. 4 below, including but not limited to, the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), Radio Frequency over Fiber (RFoF), and other available formats. - As discussed with
FIG. 2 above,combiner 330 can combine signals 325A-B, e.g., using frequency-domain multiplexing. When two signals are combined as shown,combiner 330 can be termed a diplexer. It is important to note that, although many of the examples herein reference the reduction in interference in, and the combination of, two signals, in alternative embodiments, more than two signals can be combined with a reduction in interference, by the approaches described by embodiments herein. - Returning to the discussion of the combination process discussed with
FIG. 2 , signals 310A-B can be combined into a single multiplexedsignal 335,antenna 340 can transmit signal 335 to signalreceivers 120A-B (e.g., user equipments) and 130A-C (e.g., satellite radio receivers). In some circumstances, because measuring the strength of asingle signal 335 is more accurate than measuring the strengths of twosignals 110A-B transmitted inFIG. 1 , the combining of the two signals at equal strengths can facilitate the reduction of interference between thesignals 325A-B shown inFIG. 3 . - In other circumstances, because the combining described above is done with equal strengths, because of differences in receiver capabilities (e.g., receivers of
signal 325B may not have the ability to filter signals received as well as receivers ofsignal 325A) an equal strength in the multiplexed components ofsignal 335 can result insignal 325A interfering withsignal 325B. As described withFIG. 4 below, one or more embodiments can further reduce the interference betweensignals 325A-B (e.g., reducing the swamping ofsignal 325B bysignal 325A) by adjusting the strength of the multiplexed components insignal 335. -
FIG. 4 depicts a moredetailed view 400 ofcombiner 330 in accordance with one or more embodiments. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity.FIG. 4 depictssignals 325A-B as inputs into strength adjuster 410 and multiplexedsignal 335 as the output of this component. - During the combination of
signals 325A-B intosignal 335, one or more embodiments can employ strength adjuster 410 to adjust the ratio of two independently transmitted signals (e.g., signals 110A-B ofFIG. 1 ), such that when received by a receiver (e.g., signalreceivers 130A-C), one signal does not interfere with the other signal, e.g., signal 325A does not prevent the receiving and decoding ofsignals 325B. In one or more embodiments, this approach can be applied to one or more embodiments described withFIGS. 2-6 , with additional benefits over the approach ofFIG. 1 . - In a non-limiting example, in one or more embodiments, during combination by
combiner 330, strength adjuster 410 can combine signals 325A-B such thatsignal 325A is 6 dB (4 times) stronger thansignal 325B (e.g., thecellular network signal 325A is 6 dB stronger than terrestrialsatellite radio signal 325B). As noted above, 6 dB ratio can be selected based on measurements of signal strengths for both signals. In addition, based on a variety of factors discussed and implied above, different ratios can be selected for signal 355. - Upon implementation of signals with this ratio, in contrast to the example of
FIG. 1 , where the selected ratio was subject to change based, for example, on path loss of the two signals before measurement, in this approach, while the strength of multiplexedsignal 335 can change, the ratio of the multiplexed components ofsignal 335 generally does not change, with beneficial effect. For example, as described above, inFIG. 1 , the proximity ofsignal receiver 130C tofirst site 150 can cause the strength ofsignal 110A in the ratio to be higher than the selected value, andsignal receiver 130B being blocked by building 140, can affect the ratio in unpredictable ways, e.g., the extent to which building 140 blocks both signals. In contrast, because in the presently described example, signalreceivers 130B-C can receive the same multiplexed signal (e.g., with the same antenna profile), the ratio of the 325A-B components should be the same for each signal receiver, and even if the signal strength ofsignal 335 is stronger (e.g., forsignal receiver 130C as compared to signalreceiver 130B), the ratio of the components ofsignal 335 can remain constant. - In another contrasting result of the multiplexed approach, the potential for swamping
signal receiver 130C by a high aggregate strength of the combination ofsignals 325A-B can be reduced. For example, because the ratio of the components and the transmitting strength ofsite 250 can be adjusted consistently across both types of receivers, the selection of signal strengths for the ratio ofsignals 325A-B can be more easily performed. - Although the examples above suggest a persistent selection of a transmission strength ratio, in additional embodiments, strength adjuster 410 can automatically receive periodic signal strength measurements from different locations within
signal range 255. In an implementation, the periodic signal strength measurements can be similar to the setup measurements described above (e.g., which facilitated the selection of the ratio betweensignals 110A-B), but can additionally be performed automatically and from one or more selected locations. With periodic measurements, one or more embodiments of strength adjuster 410 can dynamically update the component ratio insignal 335 to match current conditions, e.g., signal strengths of the components ofsignal 335. In alternative or additional embodiments, strength adjuster can also adjust the component ratio based on a number of receiver devices present insignal range 255, e.g., when number of devices for which the ratio is used to reduce interference falls below a threshold (or is zero), strength determiner 410 can change or suspend the use of the ratio and, in some circumstances, boost the strength of the non-protected component. For example, based on information corresponding to a number of terrestrial radio receivers insignal range 255, strength adjuster 410 can adjust the relative strength ofsignal 325A upwards. -
FIG. 5 illustrates an example block diagram 500 of a more detailed view ofcell site 320 ofFIG. 3 , in accordance with one or more embodiments. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity. To illustrate different embodiments, different configurations of components incell site 320 are discussed below, e.g., combinations of one or more ofintegrated access device 520,repeater 530, and master host unit (MHU) 560. It should be noted that embodiments discussed with the description ofFIG. 5 below, do not have to contain all of the elements depicted inFIG. 5 , and, some elements may be combined into a single piece of equipment. For example,MHU 560 can be combined withrepeater 530, in one or more embodiments. - In one or more embodiments,
cell site 320 can receivesignal 310A using anIP 515 connection, with packets 516 being apacketized signal 310A, e.g., backhaul content on a cellular network from the core. Further,IP 515 connection can employ an ETHERNET TO THE CELL SITE (ETTCS) protocol and, in other embodiments, different transmission protocols can be used, including legacy backhaul protocols such as time-division multiplexing (TDM). In one or more embodiments, signal 310B can also be received in IP form, e.g., packetized inpackets 521. Further, signal 310B encoded inpackets 521 can be received directly from a content source, e.g., signal 310B can be a SDARS terrestrial signal received from a satellite radio provider. In some embodiments, one or more ofIP 515 andIP 520 connections can be delivered in a virtual private network (VPN). - In one or more embodiments, signal 310A can be received by
integrated access device 520, and this component can allocate signal 310A viaIP 524 to baseband unit (BBU) 540 or similar component. In one ormore embodiments BBU 540 can convertIP 524 content into aCPRI signal 547A that can be communicated (e.g., by fiber-optic connection) bysignal 325A to towercomponents 375 oftower 370, discussed inFIG. 7 below, e.g., to a radio resource unit (RRU) or similar component. - Continuing this discussion of embodiments, signal 310B signal can be received by
repeater 530 and processed byMHU 560. Once received, signal 310B can be communicated viasignal 325B to towercomponents 375 for amplification and combination withsignal 325A and transmission of the combined signal, as discussed below. One way to communicate signal 325B to the cell tower is by conversion by components ofcell site 320 to a Radio Frequency over Fiber (RFoF) 546 signal and transmission using a fiber-optic connection. In an alternative embodiment, signal 310B can be received by an off-air repeater, e.g., received by an antenna receiver communicatively coupled tocell site 320. Further, the off-air repeater can also be a component oftower components 375, withsignal 310B being received bytower components 375, and combined withsignal 325A. - In alternative or additional embodiments, signal 310B can also be received via the
IP 515 signal discussed above, e.g., delivered tointegrated access device 520 using packets 516.Integrated access device 520 can also allocatesignal 310B viaIP 522 torepeater 530, where the SDARS signal can be amplified byMHU 560, converted to an optical signal (e.g.,RFoF 546 orCPRI 547B) and communicated to towercomponents 375 for combination withsignal 325B and transmission. In an example implementation, amplifier 460 can be a part of a Distributed Antenna System (DAS). - In alternative or additional embodiments, signal 310B can be received by
integrated access device 520 and communicated directly viaIP 522 to a combinedrepeater 530 andMHU 560 component (not shown) for conversion intoCPRI 547B signal for communication to towercomponents 375. In one or more embodiments, the one or more of the functions performed by functions performed byMHU 560 andrepeater 530 can also be performed outside ofcell site 320, e.g., as a part of a centralized radio access network (C-RAN) architecture. Benefits of this approach can include a reduction in floor space used by components atcell site 320, use of a one to many approach (e.g., onesignal 325B can be generated inCPRI 547B form and relayed tomultiple cell sites 320 and towers 370), reduction in circuit costs, and a potential to be used by other entities, including satellite radio providers. -
FIG. 6 depicts a moredetailed view 600 oftower components 375 oftower 370 in accordance with one or more embodiments. Repetitive description of like elements employed in other embodiments described herein is omitted for sake of brevity. It should be noted that embodiments discussed with the description ofFIG. 6 below, do not have to contain all of the elements depicted inFIG. 6 . - In one or more embodiments, signal 325A (e.g., received by fiber-optic connection in
CPRI 547A format) can be received by Remote Radio Unit (RRU) 610 fromBBU 540, and signal 325B can be received (e.g., received by fiber-optic connection inRFoF 546 orCPRI 547B format) bySDARS component 620. In one or more embodiments, afterRRU 610 andSDARS 620, signals 325A-B respectively can be amplified byamplifiers 625A-B. In one or more embodiments, the amplification of one or more ofsignals 325A-B can perform some of the functions described above as performed by strength adjuster 410, e.g., boosting one signal or another to establish a desired ratio between the signals. - It is important to note that
signal 325B, at the point of diplexing by diplexer 630 (e.g., similar tocombiner 330 described above) can be either an analog signal (e.g., RFoF 546) or a digital signal (e.g.,CPRI 547B), and whichever of the two formats are used, can be combined withsignal 325A, resulting in combinedsignal 335. Example ratios are discussed above withFIG. 2 , and additionally, a ratio wheresignal 325B is 17-18 dB belowsignal 325A can also be used, e.g., when an off-air repeater is used to generate signal 325B. - As depicted, after generation, signal 335 can be amplified by
amplifier 635 before communication toantenna 340. In an example embodiment, signal 325A can be WCS frequency signals, andantenna 340 and transmission equipment (not shown) can be enabled to transmit and receive WCS communications. -
FIG. 7 illustrates a flow diagram of anexample method 700, in accordance with one or more embodiments. For purposes of brevity, description of like elements and/or processes employed in other embodiments is omitted. - At 702,
method 700 can receive, by a network device comprising a processor, a first signal. For example,method 700 can receive, by a network device (e.g., tower components 375) comprising a processor (e.g., processing unit 914), a first signal (e.g., signal 325A from cell site 320). At 704,method 700 can combine, by the network device, the first signal with a second signal resulting in a combined signal, and the first signal can be combined using a different weight than is applied to the second signal. For example,method 700 can combine (e.g., by diplexer 630), by the network device (e.g., by tower components 375), the first signal (e.g., signal 325A) with a second signal (e.g., signal 325B) resulting in a combined signal, and the first signal can be combined using a different weight (e.g., by strength adjuster 410) than is applied to the second signal (e.g., in combinedsignal 335, signal 325B has 6 dB less power thansignal 325A). - At 706,
method 700 can broadcast, by the network device, by an antenna of the network device, the combined signal. For example,method 700 can broadcast, by the network device (e.g., tower components 375), by an antenna (e.g., by employing antenna 540) of the network device (e.g.,cell site 320 and tower 370), the combined signal (e.g., signal 335). -
FIG. 8 illustrates is an example block diagram of an examplemobile handset 800 operable to engage in a system architecture that facilitates wireless communications according to one or more embodiments described herein. Although a mobile handset is illustrated herein, it will be understood that other devices can be a mobile device, and that the mobile handset is merely illustrated to provide context for the embodiments of the various embodiments described herein. The following discussion is intended to provide a brief, general description of an example of a suitable environment in which the various embodiments can be implemented. While the description includes a general context of computer-executable instructions embodied on a machine-readable storage medium, those skilled in the art will recognize that the innovation also can be implemented in combination with other program modules and/or as a combination of hardware and software. - Generally, applications (e.g., program modules) can include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the methods described herein can be practiced with other system configurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices.
- A computing device can typically include a variety of machine-readable media. Machine-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example and not limitation, computer-readable media can comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media can include volatile and/or non-volatile media, removable and/or non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Computer storage media can include, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, solid state drive (SSD) or other solid-state storage technology, Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD ROM), digital video disk (DVD), Blu-ray disk, or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by the computer. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or “non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory or computer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquish rights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se.
- Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of the any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media
- The handset includes a
processor 802 for controlling and processing all onboard operations and functions. Amemory 804 interfaces to theprocessor 802 for storage of data and one or more applications 806 (e.g., a video player software, user feedback component software, etc.). Other applications can include voice recognition of predetermined voice commands that facilitate initiation of the user feedback signals. Theapplications 806 can be stored in thememory 804 and/or in afirmware 808, and executed by theprocessor 802 from either or both thememory 804 or/and thefirmware 808. Thefirmware 808 can also store startup code for execution in initializing thehandset 800. Acommunications component 810 interfaces to theprocessor 802 to facilitate wired/wireless communication with external systems, e.g., cellular networks, VoIP networks, and so on. Here, thecommunications component 810 can also include a suitable cellular transceiver 811 (e.g., a GSM transceiver) and/or an unlicensed transceiver 813 (e.g., Wi-Fi, WiMax) for corresponding signal communications. Thehandset 800 can be a device such as a cellular telephone, a PDA with mobile communications capabilities, and messaging-centric devices. Thecommunications component 810 also facilitates communications reception from terrestrial radio networks (e.g., broadcast), digital satellite radio networks, and Internet-based radio services networks - The
handset 800 includes adisplay 812 for displaying text, images, video, telephony functions (e.g., a Caller ID function), setup functions, and for user input. For example, thedisplay 812 can also be referred to as a “screen” that can accommodate the presentation of multimedia content (e.g., music metadata, messages, wallpaper, graphics, etc.). Thedisplay 812 can also display videos and can facilitate the generation, editing and sharing of video quotes. A serial I/O interface 814 is provided in communication with theprocessor 802 to facilitate wired and/or wireless serial communications (e.g., USB, and/or IEEE 1294) through a hardwire connection, and other serial input devices (e.g., a keyboard, keypad, and mouse). This supports updating and troubleshooting thehandset 800, for example. Audio capabilities are provided with an audio I/O component 816, which can include a speaker for the output of audio signals related to, for example, indication that the user pressed the proper key or key combination to initiate the user feedback signal. The audio I/O component 816 also facilitates the input of audio signals through a microphone to record data and/or telephony voice data, and for inputting voice signals for telephone conversations. - The
handset 800 can include aslot interface 818 for accommodating a SIC (Subscriber Identity Component) in the form factor of a card Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) oruniversal SIM 820, and interfacing theSIM card 820 with theprocessor 802. However, it is to be appreciated that theSIM card 820 can be manufactured into thehandset 800, and updated by downloading data and software. - The
handset 800 can process IP data traffic through thecommunications component 810 to accommodate IP traffic from an IP network such as, for example, the Internet, a corporate intranet, a home network, a person area network, etc., through an ISP or broadband cable provider. Thus, VoIP traffic can be utilized by thehandset 800 and IP-based multimedia content can be received in either an encoded or a decoded format. - A video processing component 822 (e.g., a camera) can be provided for decoding encoded multimedia content. The
video processing component 822 can aid in facilitating the generation, editing, and sharing of video quotes. Thehandset 800 also includes apower source 824 in the form of batteries and/or an AC power subsystem, whichpower source 824 can interface to an external power system or charging equipment (not shown) by a power I/O component 826. - The
handset 800 can also include avideo component 830 for processing video content received and, for recording and transmitting video content. For example, thevideo component 830 can facilitate the generation, editing and sharing of video quotes. Alocation tracking component 832 facilitates geographically locating thehandset 800. As described hereinabove, this can occur when the user initiates the feedback signal automatically or manually. A user input component 834 facilitates the user initiating the quality feedback signal. The user input component 834 can also facilitate the generation, editing and sharing of video quotes. The user input component 834 can include such conventional input device technologies such as a keypad, keyboard, mouse, stylus pen, and/or touch screen, for example. - Referring again to the
applications 806, ahysteresis component 836 facilitates the analysis and processing of hysteresis data, which is utilized to determine when to associate with the access point. Asoftware trigger component 838 can be provided that facilitates triggering of thehysteresis component 836 when the Wi-Fi transceiver 813 detects the beacon of the access point. ASIP client 840 enables thehandset 800 to support SIP protocols and register the subscriber with the SIP registrar server. Theapplications 806 can also include a client 842 that provides at least the capability of discovery, play and store of multimedia content, for example, music. - The
handset 800, as indicated above related to thecommunications component 810, includes an indoor network radio transceiver 813 (e.g., Wi-Fi transceiver). This function supports the indoor radio link, such as IEEE 802.11, for the dual-mode GSM handset 800. Thehandset 800 can accommodate at least satellite radio services through a handset that can combine wireless voice and digital radio chipsets into a single handheld device. - As can be seen, the technology described herein can provide increased robustness and reduced latency of initial access and V2X configuration when control plane and mobility signaling is provided over a sub6-GHz anchor link via multi-connectivity, (compared to a standalone architecture), in which V2X-capable UEs provide initial access, IDLE mode, control plane, and mobility functionality. The technology can facilitate reduced overhead on mmWave backhaul links multiplexing cellular and V2X traffic (of one or more bands) by utilizing sub 6-GHz channels for control plane signaling instead of multiplexing both control and data links on mmWave bands. Still further, the technology described herein provides the ability to efficiently perform local manager configuration and association based on measurements/reports related to sidelink link quality metrics over sub6-GHz channels more efficiently than over the NR mmWave backhaul links. The technology described herein enables support for simultaneous cellular communication with a network infrastructure, in addition to V2X direct communication services on the same or different carriers.
- In example implementations, user equipments are able to send and/or receive communication data via a wireless link to the network device.
Wireless communication system 200 can thus include one or more communication service provider networks that facilitate providing wireless communication services to various user equipments via the network device and/or various additional network devices (as is understood) included in the one or more communication service provider networks. The one or more communication service provider networks can include various types of disparate networks, including but not limited to: cellular networks, femto networks, picocell networks, microcell networks, internet protocol (IP) networks Wi-Fi service networks, broadband service network, enterprise networks, cloud-based networks, and the like. For example, in at least one implementation,system 100 can be or include a large-scale wireless communication network that spans various geographic areas. According to this implementation, the one or more communication service provider networks can be or include the wireless communication network and/or various additional devices and components of the wireless communication network (e.g., additional network devices and cell, additional user equipments, network server devices, etc.). - The network device can be connected to one or more communication service provider networks via one or more backhaul links or the like (not shown). For example, the one or more backhaul links can comprise wired link components, such as a T1/E1 phone line, a digital subscriber line (DSL) (e.g., either synchronous or asynchronous), an asymmetric DSL (ADSL), an optical fiber backbone, a coaxial cable, and the like.
- The wireless communication system can employ various cellular systems, technologies, and modulation schemes to facilitate wireless radio communications between devices. While example embodiments include use of 5G new radio (NR) systems, one or more embodiments discussed herein can be applicable to any radio access technology (RAT) or multi-RAT system, including where user equipments operate using multiple carriers, e.g. LTE FDD/TDD, GSM/GERAN, CDMA2000, etc. For example,
wireless communication system 200 can operate in accordance with global system for mobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications service (UMTS), long term evolution (LTE), LTE frequency division duplexing (LTE FDD, LTE time division duplexing (TDD), high speed packet access (HSPA), code division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCMDA), CDMA2000, time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA), single-carrier code division multiple access (SC-CDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-spread OFDM) single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), Filter bank based multi-carrier (FBMC), zero tail DFT-spread-OFDM (ZT DFT-s-OFDM), generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), fixed mobile convergence (FMC), universal fixed mobile convergence (UFMC), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), unique word DFT-spread OFDM (UW DFT-Spread-OFDM), cyclic prefix OFDM CP-OFDM, resource-block-filtered OFDM, Wi Fi, WLAN, WiMax, and the like. However, various features and functionalities of systems described herein are configured to communicate wireless signals using one or more multi carrier modulation schemes, wherein data symbols can be transmitted simultaneously over multiple frequency subcarriers (e.g., OFDM, CP-OFDM, DFT-spread OFMD, UFMC, FMBC, etc.). The embodiments are applicable to single carrier as well as to multicarrier (MC) or carrier aggregation (CA) operation of the user equipment. The term carrier aggregation (CA) is also called (e.g. interchangeably called) “multi-carrier system”, “multi-cell operation”, “multi-carrier operation”, “multi-carrier” transmission and/or reception. Note that some embodiments are also applicable for Multi RAB (radio bearers) on some carriers (that is data plus speech is simultaneously scheduled). - Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various methods can be practiced with other computer system configurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, and the like, each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices.
- The illustrated aspects of the innovation can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where certain tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.
- Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which can include computer-readable storage media or communications media, which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.
- Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implemented in connection with any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured data, or unstructured data. Computer-readable storage media can include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to store desired information. Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local or remote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or other data retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the information stored by the medium.
- Communications media can embody computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media include wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.
- The techniques described herein can be applied to any device or set of devices (machines) capable of running programs and processes. It can be understood, therefore, that servers including physical and/or virtual machines, personal computers, laptops, handheld, portable and other computing devices and computing objects of all kinds including cell phones, tablet/slate computers, gaming/entertainment consoles and the like are contemplated for use in connection with various implementations including those exemplified herein. Accordingly, the general-purpose computing mechanism described below with reference to
FIG. 9 is but one example of a computing device. - In order to provide a context for the various aspects of the disclosed subject matter,
FIG. 9 and the following discussion, are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable environment in which the various aspects of the disclosed subject matter can be implemented. While the subject matter has been described above in the general context of computer-executable instructions of a computer program that runs on a computer and/or computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosed subject matter also can be implemented in combination with other program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks and/or implement particular abstract data types. - In the subject specification, terms such as “store,” “storage,” “data store,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any other information storage component relevant to operation and functionality of a component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory, by way of illustration, and not limitation, volatile memory 920 (see below), non-volatile memory 922 (see below), disk storage 924 (see below), and memory storage 946 (see below). Further, nonvolatile memory can be included in read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM), which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM). Additionally, the disclosed memory components of systems or methods herein are intended to comprise, without being limited to comprising, these and any other suitable types of memory.
- Moreover, it will be noted that the disclosed subject matter can be practiced with other computer system configurations, including single-processor or multiprocessor computer systems, mini-computing devices, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices (e.g., PDA, phone, watch, tablet computers, netbook computers, . . . ), microprocessor-based or programmable consumer or industrial electronics, and the like. The illustrated aspects can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network; however, some if not all aspects of the subject disclosure can be practiced on stand-alone computers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules can be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.
-
FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an operatingenvironment 900 operable to execute the disclosed systems and methods in accordance with an embodiment.Computer 912, which can be, for example, part of the hardware ofsystem 920, includes aprocessing unit 914, asystem memory 916, and asystem bus 918.System bus 918 couples system components including, but not limited to,system memory 916 toprocessing unit 914.Processing unit 914 can be any of various available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multiprocessor architectures also can be employed asprocessing unit 914. -
System bus 918 can be any of several types of bus structure(s) including a memory bus or a memory controller, a peripheral bus or an external bus, and/or a local bus using any variety of available bus architectures including, but not limited to, Industrial Standard Architecture (ISA), Micro-Channel Architecture (MSA), Extended ISA (EISA), Intelligent Drive Electronics, VESA Local Bus (VLB), Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI), Card Bus, Universal Serial Bus (USB), Advanced Graphics Port (AGP), Personal Computer Memory Card International Association bus (PCMCIA), Firewire (IEEE 894), and Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI). -
System memory 916 can includevolatile memory 920 andnonvolatile memory 922. A basic input/output system (BIOS), containing routines to transfer information between elements withincomputer 912, such as during start-up, can be stored innonvolatile memory 922. By way of illustration, and not limitation,nonvolatile memory 922 can include ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, or flash memory.Volatile memory 920 includes RAM, which acts as external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms such as SRAM, dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct Rambus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and Rambus dynamic RAM (RDRAM). -
Computer 912 can also include removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer storage media.FIG. 9 illustrates, for example,disk storage 924.Disk storage 924 includes, but is not limited to, devices like a magnetic disk drive, floppy disk drive, tape drive, flash memory card, or memory stick. In addition,disk storage 924 can include storage media separately or in combination with other storage media including, but not limited to, an optical disk drive such as a compact disk ROM device (CD-ROM), CD recordable drive (CD-R Drive), CD rewritable drive (CD-RW Drive) or a digital versatile disk ROM drive (DVD-ROM). To facilitate connection of thedisk storage devices 924 tosystem bus 918, a removable or non-removable interface is typically used, such asinterface 926. - Computing devices typically include a variety of media, which can include computer-readable storage media or communications media, which two terms are used herein differently from one another as follows.
- Computer-readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed by the computer and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable storage media can be implemented in connection with any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, program modules, structured data, or unstructured data. Computer-readable storage media can include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, solid state drive (SSD) or other solid-state storage technology, compact disk read only memory (CD ROM), digital versatile disk (DVD), Blu-ray disc or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or other tangible and/or non-transitory media which can be used to store desired information. In this regard, the terms “tangible” or “non-transitory” herein as applied to storage, memory or computer-readable media, are to be understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se as modifiers and do not relinquish rights to all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se. In an aspect, tangible media can include non-transitory media wherein the term “non-transitory” herein as may be applied to storage, memory or computer-readable media, is to be understood to exclude only propagating transitory signals per se as a modifier and does not relinquish coverage of all standard storage, memory or computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se. For the avoidance of doubt, the term “computer-readable storage device” is used and defined herein to exclude transitory media. Computer-readable storage media can be accessed by one or more local or remote computing devices, e.g., via access requests, queries or other data retrieval protocols, for a variety of operations with respect to the information stored by the medium.
- Communications media typically embody computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, e.g., a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery or transport media. The term “modulated data signal” or signals refers to a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in one or more signals. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media include wired media, such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media.
- It can be noted that
FIG. 9 describes software that acts as an intermediary between users and computer resources described insuitable operating environment 900. Such software includes anoperating system 928.Operating system 928, which can be stored ondisk storage 924, acts to control and allocate resources ofcomputer 912.System applications 930 take advantage of the management of resources byoperating system 928 throughprogram modules 932 andprogram data 934 stored either insystem memory 916 or ondisk storage 924. It is to be noted that the disclosed subject matter can be implemented with various operating systems or combinations of operating systems. - A user can enter commands or information into
computer 912 through input device(s) 936. As an example, a mobile device and/or portable device can include a user interface embodied in a touch sensitive display panel allowing a user to interact withcomputer 912.Input devices 936 include, but are not limited to, a pointing device such as a mouse, trackball, stylus, touch pad, keyboard, microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, TV tuner card, digital camera, digital video camera, web camera, cell phone, smartphone, tablet computer, etc. These and other input devices connect toprocessing unit 914 throughsystem bus 918 by way of interface port(s) 938. Interface port(s) 938 include, for example, a serial port, a parallel port, a game port, a universal serial bus (USB), an infrared port, a Bluetooth port, an IP port, or a logical port associated with a wireless service, etc. Output device(s) 940 and a move use some of the same type of ports as input device(s) 936. - Thus, for example, a USB port can be used to provide input to
computer 912 and to output information fromcomputer 912 to anoutput device 940.Output adapter 942 is provided to illustrate that there are someoutput devices 940 like monitors, speakers, and printers, amongother output devices 940, which use special adapters.Output adapters 942 include, by way of illustration and not limitation, video and sound cards that provide means of connection betweenoutput device 940 andsystem bus 918. It should be noted that other devices and/or systems of devices provide both input and output capabilities such as remote computer(s) 944. -
Computer 912 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as remote computer(s) 944. Remote computer(s) 944 can be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, cloud storage, cloud service, a workstation, a microprocessor-based appliance, a peer device, or other common network node and the like, and typically includes many or all of the elements described relative tocomputer 912. - For purposes of brevity, only a
memory storage device 946 is illustrated with remote computer(s) 944. Remote computer(s) 944 is logically connected tocomputer 912 through anetwork interface 948 and then physically connected by way ofcommunication connection 950.Network interface 948 encompasses wire and/or wireless communication networks such as local-area networks (LAN) and wide-area networks (WAN). LAN technologies include Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Copper Distributed Data Interface (CDDI), Ethernet, Token Ring and the like. WAN technologies include, but are not limited to, point-to-point links, circuit-switching networks like Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN) and variations thereon, packet switching networks, and Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL). As noted below, wireless technologies may be used in addition to or in place of the foregoing. - Communication connection(s) 950 refer(s) to hardware/software employed to connect
network interface 948 tobus 918. Whilecommunication connection 950 is shown for illustrative clarity insidecomputer 912, it can also be external tocomputer 912. The hardware/software for connection to networkinterface 948 can include, for example, internal and external technologies such as modems, including regular telephone grade modems, cable modems and DSL modems, ISDN adapters, and Ethernet cards. - The above description of illustrated embodiments of the subject disclosure, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosed embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. While specific embodiments and examples are described herein for illustrative purposes, various modifications are possible that are considered within the scope of such embodiments and examples, as those skilled in the relevant art can recognize.
- In this regard, while the disclosed subject matter has been described in connection with various embodiments and corresponding Figures, where applicable, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments can be used or modifications and additions can be made to the described embodiments for performing the same, similar, alternative, or substitute function of the disclosed subject matter without deviating therefrom. Therefore, the disclosed subject matter should not be limited to any single embodiment described herein, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims below.
- As it employed in the subject specification, the term “processor” can refer to substantially any computing processing unit or device comprising, but not limited to comprising, single-core processors; single-processors with software multithread execution capability; multi-core processors; multi-core processors with software multithread execution capability; multi-core processors with hardware multithread technology; parallel platforms; and parallel platforms with distributed shared memory. Additionally, a processor can refer to an integrated circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. Processors can exploit nano-scale architectures such as, but not limited to, molecular and quantum-dot based transistors, switches and gates, in order to optimize space usage or enhance performance of user equipment. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing processing units.
- In the subject specification, terms such as “store,” “storage,” “data store,” data storage,” “database,” and substantially any other information storage component relevant to operation and functionality of a component, refer to “memory components,” or entities embodied in a “memory” or components comprising the memory. It will be appreciated that the memory components described herein can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory.
- As used in this application, the terms “component,” “system,” “platform,” “layer,” “selector,” “interface,” and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity or an entity related to an operational apparatus with one or more specific functionalities, wherein the entity can be either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. As an example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration and not limitation, both an application running on a server and the server can be a component. One or more components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable media, device readable storage devices, or machine-readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components may communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems via the signal). As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric or electronic circuitry, which is operated by a software or firmware application executed by a processor, wherein the processor can be internal or external to the apparatus and executes at least a part of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component can be an apparatus that provides specific functionality through electronic components without mechanical parts, the electronic components can include a processor therein to execute software or firmware that confers at least in part the functionality of the electronic components.
- In addition, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or.” That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. Moreover, articles “a” and “an” as used in the subject specification and annexed drawings should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form.
- Moreover, terms like “user equipment (UE),” “mobile station,” “mobile,” subscriber station,” “subscriber equipment,” “access terminal,” “terminal,” “handset,” and similar terminology, refer to a wireless device utilized by a subscriber or user of a wireless communication service to receive or convey data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming, or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream. The foregoing terms are utilized interchangeably in the subject specification and related drawings. Likewise, the terms “access point (AP),” “base station,” “NodeB,” “evolved Node B (eNodeB),” “home Node B (HNB),” “home access point (HAP),” “cell device,” “sector,” “cell,” and the like, are utilized interchangeably in the subject application, and refer to a wireless network component or appliance that serves and receives data, control, voice, video, sound, gaming, or substantially any data-stream or signaling-stream to and from a set of subscriber stations or provider enabled devices. Data and signaling streams can include packetized or frame-based flows.
- Additionally, the terms “core-network”, “core”, “core carrier network”, “carrier-side”, or similar terms can refer to components of a telecommunications network that typically provides some or all of aggregation, authentication, call control and switching, charging, service invocation, or gateways. Aggregation can refer to the highest level of aggregation in a service provider network wherein the next level in the hierarchy under the core nodes is the distribution networks and then the edge networks. User equipments do not normally connect directly to the core networks of a large service provider but can be routed to the core by way of a switch or radio area network. Authentication can refer to determinations regarding whether the user requesting a service from the telecom network is authorized to do so within this network or not. Call control and switching can refer determinations related to the future course of a call stream across carrier equipment based on the call signal processing. Charging can be related to the collation and processing of charging data generated by various network nodes. Two common types of charging mechanisms found in present day networks can be prepaid charging and postpaid charging. Service invocation can occur based on some explicit action (e.g. call transfer) or implicitly (e.g., call waiting). It is to be noted that service “execution” may or may not be a core network functionality as third-party network/nodes may take part in actual service execution. A gateway can be present in the core network to access other networks. Gateway functionality can be dependent on the type of the interface with another network.
- Furthermore, the terms “user,” “subscriber,” “customer,” “consumer,” “prosumer,” “agent,” and the like are employed interchangeably throughout the subject specification, unless context warrants particular distinction(s) among the terms. It should be appreciated that such terms can refer to human entities or automated components (e.g., supported through artificial intelligence, as through a capacity to make inferences based on complex mathematical formalisms), that can provide simulated vision, sound recognition and so forth.
- Aspects, features, or advantages of the subject matter can be exploited in substantially any, or any, wired, broadcast, wireless telecommunication, radio technology or network, or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of such technologies or networks include Geocast technology; broadcast technologies (e.g., sub-Hz, ELF, VLF, LF, MF, HF, VHF, UHF, SHF, THz broadcasts, etc.); Ethernet; X.25; powerline-type networking (e.g., PowerLine AV Ethernet, etc.); femto-cell technology; Wi-Fi; Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX); Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (Enhanced GPRS); Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP or 3G) Long Term Evolution (LTE); 3GPP Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) or 3GPP UMTS; Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB); High Speed Packet Access (HSPA); High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA); High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA); GSM Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) Radio Access Network (RAN) or GERAN; UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN); or LTE Advanced.
- What has been described above includes examples of systems and methods illustrative of the disclosed subject matter. It is, of course, not possible to describe every combination of components or methods herein. One of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the disclosure are possible. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “possesses,” and the like are used in the detailed description, claims, appendices and drawings such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as “comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
- While the various embodiments are susceptible to various modifications and alternative constructions, certain illustrated implementations thereof are shown in the drawings and have been described above in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit the various embodiments to the specific forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments.
- In addition to the various implementations described herein, it is to be understood that other similar implementations can be used, or modifications and additions can be made to the described implementation(s) for performing the same or equivalent function of the corresponding implementation(s) without deviating therefrom. Still further, multiple processing chips or multiple devices can share the performance of one or more functions described herein, and similarly, storage can be effected across a plurality of devices. Accordingly, one or more embodiments is not to be limited to any single implementation, but rather is to be construed in breadth, spirit and scope in accordance with the appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. A method, comprising:
based on an amount of broadcast interference to be mitigated between a satellite radio signal received from a source of satellite radio signals and a communication network signal of a communication network, selecting, by core network equipment comprising a processor, a first signal strength to apply to the communication network signal that is different than a second signal strength to apply to the satellite radio signal;
configuring, by the core network equipment, base station equipment to combine the satellite radio signal with the communication network signal resulting in a combined signal, wherein the satellite radio signal is combined using the first signal strength and the communication network signal is combined using the second signal strength; and
facilitating, by the core network equipment, a broadcast of the combined signal, wherein the broadcast is by the base station equipment to a satellite radio receiver and a user equipment that communicates via the communication network.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein combining the satellite radio signal with the communication network signal comprises combining according to an analog combination that combines a first analog signal and a second analog signal.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein combining the satellite radio signal with the communication network signal comprises combining according to a digital combination that combines a first digital signal and a second digital signal.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the satellite radio signal is received via a radio frequency over fiber protocol.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combining comprises duplexing the satellite radio signal and the communication network signal, resulting in the combined signal being a frequency-domain multiplexed signal.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the base station equipment further comprises off-air repeater equipment, and wherein receiving the satellite radio signal comprises receiving the satellite radio signal by the off-air repeater equipment.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the combined signal is for reception by the satellite radio receiver and the user equipment in different geographic locations.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the communication network signal is communicated via an ethernet to cell site protocol.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising converting the satellite radio signal from a radio frequency signal to an optical signal.
10. A system, comprising:
a processor; and
a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
based on an amount of interference reduction to be achieved between a first signal received from a source of satellite radio signals and a second signal of a communication network at a time when the first signal and the second signal are broadcast, selecting a ratio of signal strengths of the first signal and the second signal, and
configuring network equipment to:
combine the first signal and the second signal in accordance with the ratio, resulting in a combined signal, and
broadcast the combined signal to a satellite radio receiver and a user equipment communicatively coupled to the communication network, wherein the combined signal is for reception by the satellite radio receiver and the user equipment in different geographic locations.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the second signal comprises a bidirectional cellular network data signal of the communication network.
12. The system of claim 10 , wherein the combining comprises duplexing the first signal and the second signal, resulting in the combined signal being a frequency-domain multiplexed signal.
13. The system of claim 10 , wherein receiving the first signal comprises receiving the first signal by off-air repeater equipment.
14. The system of claim 10 , wherein the combined signal is for reception by the satellite radio receiver and the user equipment in different geographic locations.
15. The system of claim 10 , wherein the second signal comprises a wireless communication network signal.
16. The system of claim 10 , further comprising, converting, by the network equipment, the first signal from a radio frequency signal to an optical signal.
17. The system of claim 10 , wherein combining the first signal with the second signal comprises combining according to an analog combination that combines a first analog signal and a second analog signal.
18. A non-transitory machine-readable medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of network equipment, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving a first signal from a source of satellite radio signals,
receiving a second signal from network core equipment that is part of a cellular data network,
based on an amount of interference reduction to be achieved between the first signal and the second signal at a time when the first signal and the second signal are broadcast, selecting a ratio of signal strengths of the first signal and the second signal, and
configuring base station equipment to combine the first signal and the second signal in accordance with the ratio, resulting in a combined signal for broadcast to a satellite radio receiver and a user equipment enabled for service via the cellular data network.
19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 18 , wherein the combined signal is for reception by the satellite radio receiver and the user equipment in different geographic locations.
20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 18 , wherein the second signal comprises a bidirectional cellular network data signal of the cellular data network.
Priority Applications (1)
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US17/475,496 US20210409136A1 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2021-09-15 | Reducing interference by combining signals at different strengths and transmitting the combined signal from an antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US16/376,098 US11153023B2 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2019-04-05 | Reducing interference by combining signals at different strengths and transmitting the combined signal from an antenna |
US17/475,496 US20210409136A1 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2021-09-15 | Reducing interference by combining signals at different strengths and transmitting the combined signal from an antenna |
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US20200322074A1 (en) | 2020-10-08 |
US11153023B2 (en) | 2021-10-19 |
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