US20210339346A1 - Systems and methods for reducing stress and distortion during friction welding - Google Patents
Systems and methods for reducing stress and distortion during friction welding Download PDFInfo
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- US20210339346A1 US20210339346A1 US17/378,882 US202117378882A US2021339346A1 US 20210339346 A1 US20210339346 A1 US 20210339346A1 US 202117378882 A US202117378882 A US 202117378882A US 2021339346 A1 US2021339346 A1 US 2021339346A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/129—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/053—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
- B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
- B29C65/645—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force using friction or ultrasonic vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/001—Turbines
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates generally to friction welding and more particularly to systems and methods for reducing stress and distortion during friction welding using one or more bridge rings.
- Inertia welding In inertia welding, a first workpiece is rotated to a specific speed and then a second workpiece is forced into frictional engagement with the first workpiece with frictional heat being generated to weld together the two components without melting in the contact region.
- Inertia welding is a forging process which requires elevated forging temperatures for the specific material.
- An upper forging temperature is typically the melting temperature for the material.
- a lower forging temperature is the minimum temperature at which an inertia weld can be completed.
- a typical inertia welding machine includes first and second opposed machine heads to which the first and second workpieces may be affixed in opposition to each other.
- the first machine head is rotatable and is powered by a suitable motor for rotating the head and first workpiece to a precise rotational speed.
- the second machine head is non-rotatable and simply supports the second workpiece.
- the first machine head includes one or more flywheels to provide the rotary inertia for effecting welding of the two workpieces.
- the second machine head is axially translatable by a powered piston which engages together the first and second workpieces under a substantial compressive weld load. The second workpiece therefore frictionally engages and brakes the rotating first workpiece creating friction heating at the contact area therebetween which raises the temperature thereof to effect an inertia weld without melting.
- inertia welds typically have high stresses in workpieces at existing weld locations (i.e. from one weld to the next) that can permanently deform or rupture their shape.
- the geometry of the workpieces at existing weld locations typically has a reduced cross-sectional area. As such, the load during welding can create a bending moment at the prior weld location(s).
- the present disclosure is directed to improved inertia welding processes that utilize annular support members during welding that temporarily change the geometry of the workpiece so as to balance the load distribution of the part, thereby reducing stress and distortion during welding.
- the present disclosure is directed to a method for reducing stress and distortion in a component during a friction welding process.
- the method includes securing first and second workpieces of the component within an inertia welding machine such that the first and second workpieces are affixed in opposition to each other.
- the method also includes securing at least one annular support member at least partially around the first workpiece and/or the second workpiece at a location having a reduced cross-section as compared to remaining portions of the first workpiece and/or the second workpiece.
- the method includes rotating the first workpiece to a predetermined rotational speed.
- the method includes engaging the second workpiece with the rotating first workpiece so as to generate frictional heat therebetween, thereby welding the first and second workpieces together.
- the annular support member(s) supports the location having the reduced cross-section during welding.
- the present disclosure is directed to a method for reducing stress and distortion in a component during a friction welding process.
- the method includes joining first and second workpieces of the component together at a first weld via friction welding.
- the method also includes securing a first annular support member at least partially around the first weld so as to temporarily increase a cross-sectional dimension and/or area of the first weld.
- the method includes joining a third workpiece to the joined first and second workpieces of the component at a second weld via friction welding. As such, the first annular support member supports the first weld during welding of the third workpiece.
- the present disclosure is directed to an annular support member assembly for reducing stress and distortion in a component during a friction welding process.
- the annular support member assembly includes at least one annular support member sized for securing around a first workpiece and/or a second workpiece at a location having a reduced cross-section.
- the annular support member(s) has a ring-shaped body portion and a plurality of protrusions arranged circumferentially on an exterior surface of the body portion. As such, the protrusions are configured to support the location having the reduced cross-section during a welding procedure.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of an inertia welding machine according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of a rotor formed via an inertia welding machine according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a rotor being formed via an inertia welding machine according to the present disclosure, particularly illustrating a plurality of support members arranged around the rotor for supporting existing welds during subsequent welding processes;
- FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of an annular support member for supporting an existing weld during an inertia welding process according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of an annular support member for supporting an existing weld during an inertia welding process according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart of one embodiment of a method for reducing stress and distortion in a component during a friction welding process according to the present disclosure
- FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart of another embodiment of a method for reducing stress and distortion in a component during a friction welding process according to the present disclosure.
- FIG. 1 illustrates an inertia welding machine 10 for inertia welding together multiple workpieces or parts 15 , 12 which may have any suitable configuration.
- the workpieces 15 , 12 are annular members which are inertia welded together for use as combustor, turbine, or compressor structural casings or pressure vessels in an aircraft gas turbine engine.
- the workpieces 15 , 12 are coaxially aligned with each other and have opposing weld workpiece shapes (preps) or contact areas 16 at which inertia welding is applied.
- the weld preps 16 have an average diameter D and a weld prep thickness T.
- the machine 10 includes a first machine head 18 that is suitably affixed to the first workpiece 15 , and a second machine head 20 to which the second workpiece 12 is suitably affixed.
- the first machine head 18 may be operatively joined to a suitable motor 22 , such as a hydraulic motor, for being rotated during operation at a suitable rotary speed expressed in revolutions per minute (RPM).
- a suitable motor 22 such as a hydraulic motor
- RPM revolutions per minute
- annular flywheels 24 Suitably attached to the first machine head 18 are one or more annular flywheels 24 that are selectively used for controlling the rotational mass moment of inertia of the first machine head 18 for effecting inertia welding energy.
- the motor 22 and first machine head 18 may be suitably attached to a supporting frame 26 at one end thereof, whereas the second machine head 20 may be carried by a suitable truck or carriage 28 on the opposite end of the frame 26 .
- the second machine head 20 is not rotatable on the truck 28 , and the truck 28 is operatively joined to a hydraulic piston 30 which is configured for translating the truck 28 horizontally atop the frame 26 for engaging the first and second workpieces 15 , 12 at the weld preps 16 under a specific weld load or force F, expressed in pounds force for example.
- the first and second workpieces 15 , 12 of FIG. 1 are illustrated as simple cylindrical workpieces. However, in reality, the first and second workpieces 15 , 12 are not necessarily thick, cylindrical parts. Rather, as shown in FIG. 2 , the component is formed of a plurality of workpieces 15 , 12 , 13 , 14 having varying cross-sections. More specifically, FIG. 2 illustrates a simplified, perspective view of one embodiment of a portion of a component made using inertia welding accordingly the present disclosure is illustrated. In one embodiment, the component may be formed of a high strength, heat resistant superalloy material for use in various hot section components of an aircraft gas turbine engine. For example, as shown in FIG.
- the component may correspond to a rotor 34 for a gas turbine engine.
- a typical turbine superalloy may be nickel-based and may have a forging temperature of about 200° F. below the melting temperature thereof.
- the superalloy material of the workpieces 15 , 12 may be nickel-based and include those commercially available under the trademarks Inconel, Waspaloy, Hastelloy, and Rene which have various alloy designations such as Inconel 718, Rene 95, and Rene 88, all of which have corresponding AMS specifications which are conventionally known.
- Still other components of the gas turbine engine may also be manufactured according to the methods described herein, such as the stator. In another embodiment, the manufacturing methods described herein may be applied to components outside of gas turbine engines as well.
- the rotor 34 may have four rotor stages or disks 38 , 40 , 42 , 43 . It should be understood that the number of rotor stages may vary according to the type of gas turbine engine. As such, the various rotor stages are welded together using the inertia welding techniques described herein. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 3 , a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the inertia welding machine 10 according to the present disclosure is illustrated. More specifically, as shown, the rotor 34 may be formed of multiple workpieces 15 , 13 , 12 , 14 that are welded together using the inertia welding machine 10 .
- a ring-shaped or annular support member assembly 100 is provided around one or more of the workpieces 15 , 13 , 12 , 14 for reducing stress and distortion in the rotor 34 during the friction welding process.
- the annular support member assembly 100 includes at least one annular support member 102 for securing around the various workpieces 15 , 13 , 12 , 14 , e.g. at a location having a reduced cross-section as compared to remaining portions of the first and/or second workpieces 15 , 13 , 12 , 14 .
- the locations of reduced cross-sections may correspond to areas containing a weld 104 . Inertia welds typically have high stresses in workpieces at prior weld locations that might permanently deform or rupture their shape.
- the annular support members 102 described herein can be placed at the weld locations to provide support during further welding processes.
- annular support member(s) 102 described herein may extend partially around the workpieces 15 , 13 , 12 , 14 and/or completely around the workpieces 15 , 13 , 12 , 14 .
- any suitable number of annular support members 102 may be utilized during the welding process.
- the annular support member assembly 100 of FIG. 3 includes two annular support members 102 such that each of the existing welds 104 (or any areas needing additional support) of the rotor 34 is fully supported during welding of subsequent workpieces.
- more than two or less than two annular support members 102 may be used during the welding process.
- each of the annular support members 102 described herein may have the same shape or a different shape based on the location where the annular support member 102 is intended to fit on the workpiece.
- each of the annular support members 102 of the present disclosure may include a ring-shaped body portion 106 and a plurality of protrusions 108 extending from the body portion 106 .
- the protrusions 108 are configured to support the locations of the welds 104 , i.e., by extending at least partially within the grooves 110 of the rotor 34 ( FIG.
- each of the protrusions 108 of the annular support member(s) 102 may be arranged circumferentially around the body portion 106 and spaced apart from an adjacent protrusion via a gap 112 .
- the protrusions 108 may be integral with the body portion 106 or may be separately attached to the body portion 106 .
- the annular support members 102 may have the same features or different features based on its desired location.
- the illustrated annular support member 102 includes a plurality of cutouts 118 for providing increased flexibility to the support member 102 .
- the cutouts 118 allow the annular support member 102 to decrease its diameter during clamping to the rotor 34 .
- the method 200 includes securing at least one annular support member 102 at least partially around the first workpiece 15 and/or the second workpiece 15 at a location having a reduced cross-section as compared to remaining portions of the first workpiece and/or the second workpiece.
- the method 200 includes securing the first and second workpieces 15 , 12 of the rotor 34 within the inertia welding machine 10 such that the first and second workpieces 15 , 12 are affixed in opposition to each other.
- the method 200 further includes rotating the first workpiece 15 to a predetermined rotational speed.
- the method 200 includes engaging the second workpiece 12 with the rotating first workpiece 15 so as to generate frictional heat therebetween, thereby welding the first and second workpieces together 15 , 12 .
- the annular support member(s) 102 supports the location having the reduced cross-section during welding.
- the first machine head 18 and attached first workpiece 15 are accelerated to a predetermined rotary speed, and then the piston 30 is actuated to drive the truck 28 and attached second workpiece 12 in frictional engagement with the first workpiece 15 at the weld prep 16 under a predetermined weld load F.
- the motor 22 is disconnected from the first machine head 18 , which in the case of a hydraulic motor is accomplished by simply interrupting the hydraulic pressure, and the inertia of the flywheels 24 imparts energy at the engaging weld preps 16 which undergo frictional heating as the second workpiece 12 frictionally brakes the rotating first workpiece 15 .
- the friction generated at the weld preps 16 locally increases the temperature of the two workpieces 15 , 12 to a temperature below the melting temperature of the workpieces, yet sufficiently high for effecting a forged, friction weld therebetween. Further, the annular support member(s) 102 support existing weld locations during the inertia welding process.
- FIG. 7 a flow chart of one embodiment of a method 300 for reducing stress and distortion in a component during an inertia/friction welding process is illustrated.
- the method 300 will be described herein with reference to the inertia welding machine 10 of FIGS. 1 and 3 .
- the disclosed method 300 may be implemented with inertia welding machines having any other suitable configurations.
- FIG. 7 depicts steps performed in a particular order for purposes of illustration and discussion, the methods discussed herein are not limited to any particular order or arrangement.
- steps of the methods disclosed herein can be omitted, rearranged, combined, and/or adapted in various ways without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure.
- the method 300 includes joining the first and second workpieces of the component together at a first weld via friction welding. As shown at ( 304 ), the method 300 includes securing a first annular support member at least partially around the first weld so as to temporarily increase a cross-sectional dimension and/or area of the first weld. As shown at ( 306 ), the method 300 includes joining a third workpiece to the joined first and second workpieces of the component at a second weld via friction welding. As such, the first annular support member supports the first weld during welding of the third workpiece.
Abstract
A method for reducing stress and distortion in a component during a friction welding process includes securing first and second workpieces of the component within an inertia welding machine such that the first and second workpieces are affixed in opposition to each other. The method also includes securing at least one annular support member at least partially around the first workpiece and/or the second workpiece at a location having a reduced cross-section as compared to remaining portions of the first workpiece and/or the second workpiece. Further, the method includes rotating the first workpiece to a predetermined rotational speed. In addition, the method includes engaging the second workpiece with the rotating first workpiece so as to generate frictional heat therebetween, thereby welding the first and second workpieces together. As such, the annular support member(s) supports the location having the reduced cross-section during welding.
Description
- The present disclosure relates generally to friction welding and more particularly to systems and methods for reducing stress and distortion during friction welding using one or more bridge rings.
- In inertia welding, a first workpiece is rotated to a specific speed and then a second workpiece is forced into frictional engagement with the first workpiece with frictional heat being generated to weld together the two components without melting in the contact region. Inertia welding is a forging process which requires elevated forging temperatures for the specific material. An upper forging temperature is typically the melting temperature for the material. A lower forging temperature is the minimum temperature at which an inertia weld can be completed.
- A typical inertia welding machine includes first and second opposed machine heads to which the first and second workpieces may be affixed in opposition to each other. The first machine head is rotatable and is powered by a suitable motor for rotating the head and first workpiece to a precise rotational speed. The second machine head is non-rotatable and simply supports the second workpiece. The first machine head includes one or more flywheels to provide the rotary inertia for effecting welding of the two workpieces. The second machine head is axially translatable by a powered piston which engages together the first and second workpieces under a substantial compressive weld load. The second workpiece therefore frictionally engages and brakes the rotating first workpiece creating friction heating at the contact area therebetween which raises the temperature thereof to effect an inertia weld without melting.
- Large engine components often have varying-sized cross-sections and therefore varying stresses throughout the part. For example, for certain large engine components (such as the rotor) multiple inertia welds are often required for manufacturing the part. However, inertia welds typically have high stresses in workpieces at existing weld locations (i.e. from one weld to the next) that can permanently deform or rupture their shape. For example, the geometry of the workpieces at existing weld locations typically has a reduced cross-sectional area. As such, the load during welding can create a bending moment at the prior weld location(s).
- As such, improved systems and methods for manufacturing components via inertia welding that address the aforementioned issues would be welcomed in the art. Accordingly, the present disclosure is directed to improved inertia welding processes that utilize annular support members during welding that temporarily change the geometry of the workpiece so as to balance the load distribution of the part, thereby reducing stress and distortion during welding.
- Aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention.
- In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method for reducing stress and distortion in a component during a friction welding process. The method includes securing first and second workpieces of the component within an inertia welding machine such that the first and second workpieces are affixed in opposition to each other. The method also includes securing at least one annular support member at least partially around the first workpiece and/or the second workpiece at a location having a reduced cross-section as compared to remaining portions of the first workpiece and/or the second workpiece. Further, the method includes rotating the first workpiece to a predetermined rotational speed. In addition, the method includes engaging the second workpiece with the rotating first workpiece so as to generate frictional heat therebetween, thereby welding the first and second workpieces together. As such, the annular support member(s) supports the location having the reduced cross-section during welding.
- In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method for reducing stress and distortion in a component during a friction welding process. The method includes joining first and second workpieces of the component together at a first weld via friction welding. The method also includes securing a first annular support member at least partially around the first weld so as to temporarily increase a cross-sectional dimension and/or area of the first weld. Further, the method includes joining a third workpiece to the joined first and second workpieces of the component at a second weld via friction welding. As such, the first annular support member supports the first weld during welding of the third workpiece.
- In yet another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to an annular support member assembly for reducing stress and distortion in a component during a friction welding process. The annular support member assembly includes at least one annular support member sized for securing around a first workpiece and/or a second workpiece at a location having a reduced cross-section. The annular support member(s) has a ring-shaped body portion and a plurality of protrusions arranged circumferentially on an exterior surface of the body portion. As such, the protrusions are configured to support the location having the reduced cross-section during a welding procedure.
- These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
- A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures.
-
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of an inertia welding machine according to the present disclosure; -
FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of a rotor formed via an inertia welding machine according to the present disclosure; -
FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a rotor being formed via an inertia welding machine according to the present disclosure, particularly illustrating a plurality of support members arranged around the rotor for supporting existing welds during subsequent welding processes; -
FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of an annular support member for supporting an existing weld during an inertia welding process according to the present disclosure; -
FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of an annular support member for supporting an existing weld during an inertia welding process according to the present disclosure; -
FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart of one embodiment of a method for reducing stress and distortion in a component during a friction welding process according to the present disclosure; and -
FIG. 7 illustrates a flow chart of another embodiment of a method for reducing stress and distortion in a component during a friction welding process according to the present disclosure. - Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent the same or analogous features or elements of the present invention.
- Reference will now be made in detail to present embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The detailed description uses numerical and letter designations to refer to features in the drawings. Like or similar designations in the drawings and description have been used to refer to like or similar parts of the invention. As used herein, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third” may be used interchangeably to distinguish one component from another and are not intended to signify location or importance of the individual components. In addition, as used herein, terms of approximation, such as “approximately,” “substantially,” or “about,” refer to being within a ten percent margin of error.
- Referring now to the drawings,
FIG. 1 illustrates aninertia welding machine 10 for inertia welding together multiple workpieces orparts workpieces workpieces - In addition, as shown, the
machine 10 includes afirst machine head 18 that is suitably affixed to thefirst workpiece 15, and asecond machine head 20 to which thesecond workpiece 12 is suitably affixed. Further, as shown, thefirst machine head 18 may be operatively joined to asuitable motor 22, such as a hydraulic motor, for being rotated during operation at a suitable rotary speed expressed in revolutions per minute (RPM). Suitably attached to thefirst machine head 18 are one or moreannular flywheels 24 that are selectively used for controlling the rotational mass moment of inertia of thefirst machine head 18 for effecting inertia welding energy. - Accordingly, the
motor 22 andfirst machine head 18 may be suitably attached to a supportingframe 26 at one end thereof, whereas thesecond machine head 20 may be carried by a suitable truck orcarriage 28 on the opposite end of theframe 26. As such, thesecond machine head 20 is not rotatable on thetruck 28, and thetruck 28 is operatively joined to ahydraulic piston 30 which is configured for translating thetruck 28 horizontally atop theframe 26 for engaging the first andsecond workpieces - The first and
second workpieces FIG. 1 are illustrated as simple cylindrical workpieces. However, in reality, the first andsecond workpieces FIG. 2 , the component is formed of a plurality ofworkpieces FIG. 2 illustrates a simplified, perspective view of one embodiment of a portion of a component made using inertia welding accordingly the present disclosure is illustrated. In one embodiment, the component may be formed of a high strength, heat resistant superalloy material for use in various hot section components of an aircraft gas turbine engine. For example, as shown inFIG. 2 , the component may correspond to arotor 34 for a gas turbine engine. A typical turbine superalloy may be nickel-based and may have a forging temperature of about 200° F. below the melting temperature thereof. For example, the superalloy material of theworkpieces - As shown in
FIG. 2 , therotor 34 may have four rotor stages ordisks FIG. 3 , a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of theinertia welding machine 10 according to the present disclosure is illustrated. More specifically, as shown, therotor 34 may be formed ofmultiple workpieces inertia welding machine 10. Further, as shown, a ring-shaped or annularsupport member assembly 100 is provided around one or more of theworkpieces rotor 34 during the friction welding process. For example, as shown, the annularsupport member assembly 100 includes at least oneannular support member 102 for securing around thevarious workpieces second workpieces weld 104. Inertia welds typically have high stresses in workpieces at prior weld locations that might permanently deform or rupture their shape. As such, theannular support members 102 described herein can be placed at the weld locations to provide support during further welding processes. - It should be understood that the annular support member(s) 102 described herein may extend partially around the
workpieces workpieces annular support members 102 may be utilized during the welding process. By way of example, the annularsupport member assembly 100 ofFIG. 3 includes twoannular support members 102 such that each of the existing welds 104 (or any areas needing additional support) of therotor 34 is fully supported during welding of subsequent workpieces. As such, in additional embodiments, more than two or less than twoannular support members 102 may be used during the welding process. - Referring now to
FIGS. 4 and 5 , perspective views of different embodiments of theannular support member 102 according to the present disclosure are illustrated. Thus, it should be understood that theannular support members 102 described herein may have the same shape or a different shape based on the location where theannular support member 102 is intended to fit on the workpiece. In general, each of theannular support members 102 of the present disclosure may include a ring-shapedbody portion 106 and a plurality ofprotrusions 108 extending from thebody portion 106. In such embodiments, theprotrusions 108 are configured to support the locations of thewelds 104, i.e., by extending at least partially within thegrooves 110 of the rotor 34 (FIG. 3 ) that contain thewelds 104. In addition, as shown, each of theprotrusions 108 of the annular support member(s) 102 may be arranged circumferentially around thebody portion 106 and spaced apart from an adjacent protrusion via agap 112. In further embodiments, theprotrusions 108 may be integral with thebody portion 106 or may be separately attached to thebody portion 106. - In addition, as shown, the annular support member(s) 102 described herein may be secured around the
workpieces hinge 114 opens theannular support member 102 such that it can be slid around the one of the workpieces. The annular support member(s) 102 may also include one or more jackingfeatures 116 that can be utilized in the event that theannular support member 102 gets stuck. In such situations, the jackingfeatures 116 are configured to force theprotrusions 108 out of the grooves of therotor 34. In still further embodiments, theannular support members 102 may have the same features or different features based on its desired location. For example, as shown inFIG. 4 , the illustratedannular support member 102 includes a plurality ofcutouts 118 for providing increased flexibility to thesupport member 102. For example, in certain embodiments, thecutouts 118 allow theannular support member 102 to decrease its diameter during clamping to therotor 34. - Referring now to
FIG. 6 , a flow chart of one embodiment of amethod 200 for reducing stress and distortion in a component during an inertia/friction welding process is illustrated. In general, themethod 200 will be described herein with reference to theinertia welding machine 10 ofFIGS. 1 and 3 . However, it should be appreciated that the disclosedmethod 200 may be implemented with inertia welding machines having any other suitable configurations. In addition, althoughFIG. 6 depicts steps performed in a particular order for purposes of illustration and discussion, the methods discussed herein are not limited to any particular order or arrangement. One skilled in the art, using the disclosures provided herein, will appreciate that various steps of the methods disclosed herein can be omitted, rearranged, combined, and/or adapted in various ways without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. - As shown at (202), the
method 200 includes securing at least oneannular support member 102 at least partially around thefirst workpiece 15 and/or thesecond workpiece 15 at a location having a reduced cross-section as compared to remaining portions of the first workpiece and/or the second workpiece. As shown at (204), themethod 200 includes securing the first andsecond workpieces rotor 34 within theinertia welding machine 10 such that the first andsecond workpieces method 200 further includes rotating thefirst workpiece 15 to a predetermined rotational speed. As shown at (208), themethod 200 includes engaging thesecond workpiece 12 with the rotatingfirst workpiece 15 so as to generate frictional heat therebetween, thereby welding the first and second workpieces together 15, 12. Thus, as mentioned, the annular support member(s) 102 supports the location having the reduced cross-section during welding. - More specifically, in certain embodiments, the
first machine head 18 and attachedfirst workpiece 15 are accelerated to a predetermined rotary speed, and then thepiston 30 is actuated to drive thetruck 28 and attachedsecond workpiece 12 in frictional engagement with thefirst workpiece 15 at the weld prep 16 under a predetermined weld load F. Upon application of the weld load, themotor 22 is disconnected from thefirst machine head 18, which in the case of a hydraulic motor is accomplished by simply interrupting the hydraulic pressure, and the inertia of theflywheels 24 imparts energy at the engaging weld preps 16 which undergo frictional heating as thesecond workpiece 12 frictionally brakes the rotatingfirst workpiece 15. The friction generated at the weld preps 16 locally increases the temperature of the twoworkpieces - Referring now to
FIG. 7 , a flow chart of one embodiment of amethod 300 for reducing stress and distortion in a component during an inertia/friction welding process is illustrated. In general, themethod 300 will be described herein with reference to theinertia welding machine 10 ofFIGS. 1 and 3 . However, it should be appreciated that the disclosedmethod 300 may be implemented with inertia welding machines having any other suitable configurations. In addition, althoughFIG. 7 depicts steps performed in a particular order for purposes of illustration and discussion, the methods discussed herein are not limited to any particular order or arrangement. One skilled in the art, using the disclosures provided herein, will appreciate that various steps of the methods disclosed herein can be omitted, rearranged, combined, and/or adapted in various ways without deviating from the scope of the present disclosure. - As shown at (302), the
method 300 includes joining the first and second workpieces of the component together at a first weld via friction welding. As shown at (304), themethod 300 includes securing a first annular support member at least partially around the first weld so as to temporarily increase a cross-sectional dimension and/or area of the first weld. As shown at (306), themethod 300 includes joining a third workpiece to the joined first and second workpieces of the component at a second weld via friction welding. As such, the first annular support member supports the first weld during welding of the third workpiece. - This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
Claims (18)
1-20. (canceled)
21. An annular support member assembly for reducing stress and distortion in a component during a friction welding process, the annular support member assembly comprising:
at least one annular support member sized for securing around a first workpiece and/or a second workpiece at a location having a reduced cross-section, the at least one annular support member comprising a ring-shaped body portion and a plurality of protrusions arranged circumferentially on an exterior surface of the ring-shaped body portion, the plurality of protrusions configured to support the location having the reduced cross-section during a welding procedure, wherein the location having the reduced cross-section comprises a weld.
22. The annular support member assembly of claim 21 , wherein the weld comprises an inertia weld.
23. The annular support member assembly of claim 21 , wherein each of the plurality of protrusions of the at least one annular support member are spaced apart from an adjacent protrusion via a gap.
24. The annular support member assembly of claim 21 , wherein the at least one annular support member further comprises one or more hinges for securing the at least one annular support member to the first workpiece and/or the second workpiece.
25. The annular support member assembly of claim 21 , further comprising a plurality of annular support members for securing around the first workpiece and/or the second workpiece at a plurality of locations having a reduced cross-section.
26. The annular support member assembly of claim 25 , wherein the plurality of locations having the reduced cross-section comprises a plurality of welds.
27. The annular support member assembly of claim 26 , wherein the plurality of welds comprises a plurality of inertia welds.
28. The annular support member assembly of claim 25 , wherein the plurality of annular support members respectively have a different shape based on a location where the respective one of the plurality of annular support members is intended to fit on the first workpiece and/or the second workpiece.
29. The annular support member assembly of claim 28 , wherein the first workpiece comprises a first rotor stage of a gas turbine engine and wherein the second workpiece comprises a second rotor stage of the gas turbine engine.
30. The annular support member assembly of claim 28 , wherein the first workpiece comprises a first portion of a structural casing of a gas turbine engine and wherein the second workpiece comprises a second portion of the structural casing of the gas turbine engine.
31. The annular support member assembly of claim 30 , wherein the structural casing of the gas turbine engine comprises a combustor section, a compressor section, or a turbine section.
32. The annular support member assembly of claim 21 , wherein the at least one annular support member further comprises one or more jacking features.
33. The annular support member assembly of claim 21 , wherein the plurality of protrusions are integral with the ring-shaped body portion.
34. The annular support member assembly of claim 21 , wherein the plurality of protrusions are separately attached to the ring-shaped body portion.
35. The annular support member assembly of claim 21 , wherein the at least one annular support member comprises a plurality of cutouts, wherein the plurality of cutouts are configured to provide increased flexibility to the ring-shaped body portion and/or to allow a decrease in diameter to the ring-shaped body portion during clamping.
36. The annular support member assembly of claim 35 , wherein respective ones of the plurality of cutouts are aligned with a gap between respective adjacent ones of the plurality of protrusions.
37. The annular support member assembly of claim 35 , wherein respective ones of the plurality of cutouts are arranged on opposite sides of the ring-shaped body portion in an alternating pattern.
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US17/378,882 US20210339346A1 (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2021-07-19 | Systems and methods for reducing stress and distortion during friction welding |
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US16/366,135 US11084131B2 (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2019-03-27 | Systems and methods for reducing stress and distortion during friction welding |
US17/378,882 US20210339346A1 (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2021-07-19 | Systems and methods for reducing stress and distortion during friction welding |
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US16/366,135 Division US11084131B2 (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2019-03-27 | Systems and methods for reducing stress and distortion during friction welding |
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US17/378,882 Abandoned US20210339346A1 (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2021-07-19 | Systems and methods for reducing stress and distortion during friction welding |
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CN115261587B (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2023-11-14 | 山西阳煤化工机械(集团)有限公司 | Support device for heat treatment of cylinder and use method thereof |
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2019
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-
2020
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2021
- 2021-07-19 US US17/378,882 patent/US20210339346A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN111745280B (en) | 2022-12-13 |
CN111745280A (en) | 2020-10-09 |
US11084131B2 (en) | 2021-08-10 |
US20200306898A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
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