US20210308059A1 - Tablets with improved friability - Google Patents
Tablets with improved friability Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20210308059A1 US20210308059A1 US17/344,790 US202117344790A US2021308059A1 US 20210308059 A1 US20210308059 A1 US 20210308059A1 US 202117344790 A US202117344790 A US 202117344790A US 2021308059 A1 US2021308059 A1 US 2021308059A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tablet
- friability
- agent
- peg
- tablets
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol group Chemical group OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008141 laxative Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002475 laxative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 229940068918 polyethylene glycol 400 Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical group O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 84
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 229920002565 Polyethylene Glycol 400 Polymers 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 11
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bicarbonate Substances [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000007916 tablet composition Substances 0.000 description 7
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002594 Polyethylene Glycol 8000 Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000253 Denture Cleanser Substances 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010356 sorbitol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920002523 polyethylene Glycol 1000 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 2
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000604 Polyethylene Glycol 200 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001030 Polyethylene Glycol 4000 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000005323 carbonate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 2
- OSCJHTSDLYVCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 4-[[4-[4-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)anilino]-6-[4-(2-ethylhexoxycarbonyl)anilino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]benzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)=CC=C1NC1=NC(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(=O)NC(C)(C)C)=NC(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)=N1 OSCJHTSDLYVCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QISOBCMNUJQOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1h-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=1NN=CC=1Br QISOBCMNUJQOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-aminoisoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 PXRKCOCTEMYUEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSVSPKKXQGNHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-bromo-3-methyl-1,2-thiazole Chemical compound CC=1C=C(Br)SN=1 XSVSPKKXQGNHMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBZFUFAFFUEMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acesulfame k Chemical compound [K+].CC1=CC(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)O1 WBZFUFAFFUEMEI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010011485 Aspartame Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IGJWQEQUUVHHAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=C.CCC(C)C1OCC(O)C1C.COC(C)=O Chemical compound C=C.CCC(C)C1OCC(O)C1C.COC(C)=O IGJWQEQUUVHHAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012425 OXONE® Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002534 Polyethylene Glycol 1450 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002582 Polyethylene Glycol 600 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004376 Sucralose Substances 0.000 description 1
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000619 acesulfame-K Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000605 aspartame Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010357 aspartame Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N aspartame Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007938 effervescent tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007909 melt granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJKYXKSLRZKNSI-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentapotassium;hydrogen sulfate;oxido sulfate;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].OS([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.OS(=O)(=O)O[O-].OS(=O)(=O)O[O-] HJKYXKSLRZKNSI-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068968 polysorbate 80 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940075560 sodium lauryl sulfoacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UAJTZZNRJCKXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-dodecoxy-2-oxoethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CS([O-])(=O)=O UAJTZZNRJCKXJN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019408 sucralose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N sucralose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(CCl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CCl)O1 BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000012976 tarts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 description 1
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- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/2031—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, poloxamers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/0216—Solid or semisolid forms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/31—Hydrocarbons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/34—Alcohols
- A61K8/345—Alcohols containing more than one hydroxy group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/39—Derivatives containing from 2 to 10 oxyalkylene groups
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
- A61K8/4993—Derivatives containing from 2 to 10 oxyalkylene groups
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
- A61K8/86—Polyethers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
- A61Q11/02—Preparations for deodorising, bleaching or disinfecting dentures
Definitions
- friability describes a tablet's propensity to crumble. When a tablet formulation displays high friability, it crumbles easily. This is not a good thing. Highly friable tablets are difficult to convey during production and are hard to package and transport. Consumers, reasonably, expect their tablet products to be unbroken and whole.
- This invention is based on the inclusion of lower molecular weight polyethylene glycol (low MW PEG) in tablet formulations.
- These PEGs are liquid at room temperature (melting points below about 35° C.). They have average molecular weights of about 200 to 800. We have discovered that low molecular weight PEG has the surprising benefit of dramatically improving the friability of tablet formulations.
- Polyethylene glycol is a polymer frequently used in tablet formulations. Higher molecular weight PEG is commonly used a binder and/or as a lubricant. Typically, PEG with average molecular weight 8000 (INCI nomenclature PEG-180, trade name: CarbowaxTM 8000) is used for this function. PEGs with slightly lower MW (down to about MW 4000) are also known to be used for this function. The higher molecular weight PEGs are solid at room temperature and have melting points around 50-60° C. Numerous citations of these materials being used for these functions can be found in the art.
- U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0112160 at claim 6 , describes a tablet with an excipient comprising PEG with MW in the range of 400 to 20,000. None of the examples of this application include PEGs with MW lower than 4000. Although the application states that acceptable friability can be achieved (P0023, P0051) using this technology, no data is given that would allow someone skilled in the art to learn low MW PEG's ability to affect this property. In fact, P0053 explicitly states that PEG 4000 is preferred.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,093,710 is directed to the preparation of powders or granules of small size, smaller than 20 mesh (a higher mesh number means a smaller sized particle).
- This patent refers to the use of a surfactant for use in the granulating solution employed.
- the surfactant may be polyethylene glycol of PEG 400PEG 9000, as well as other surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate.
- PEG 1540 is identified as the preferred surfactant.
- this patent is directed to the preparation of free flowing, rapidly dissolving powders or small granules, friability and related properties are not discussed.
- low molecular polyethylene glycols can dramatically improve the friability of tablet formulations when incorporated at surprisingly low levels.
- polyethylene glycols in the range of about PEG 200 to about PEG 1000 give superior performance and improvement in friability, without a significant loss in hardness or other properties, when formulating tablets in otherwise customary fashion.
- the level of incorporation of low molecular weight and similar compounds at low weight percentage gives improvements that are particularly surprising. In fact, at weight levels of the overall tablet weight at about 0.1-about 5.0%, striking improvements in friability are observed. At higher levels, above about five percent (5.0% w/weight of the tablet) an unacceptable loss of hardness is observed.
- Hardness of a tablet is impacted by a wide variety of factors, one of which is the character of the central or active agent of the tablet, as well as the excipients included therewith. As a result, an absolute standard or range for hardness of the tablets of the invention is difficult to establish.
- the tablets of this invention have reduced friability and exhibit at least eighty percent (80%) of the hardness the same tablet would exhibit in the absence of the agent to reduce friability.
- the hardness exhibited by the tablets of this invention may be 85, 90, 95 or even 100% of the hardness of the same tablet made without the friability reducing agent.
- polyethylene glycol of the molecular weight PEG 200-PEG 1000 is the preferred friability improvement agent of this invention
- other similar compounds are effective in improving friability (resistance to crumbling) without sacrificing other desirable properties.
- other glycols such as polypropylene glycol and methoxypolyethylene glycol at relatively low molecular weights (PPG 425-about PPG 1000; MPEG 350-about MPEG 1000) are also effective in improving tablet friability at less than about five percent (5.0%) by weight.
- Other high hydroxide content materials that are at least partially water soluble, like glycerin and Tween® 80 are also effective in this role.
- the invention therefor is focused not on powders or granules, but on tablets (tablet diameter is typically at least 3 ⁇ 4 inch diameter), and in particular, tablets of low friability, tablets that exhibit a resistance to crumbling or breakage or chipping.
- the tablets require an active agent of some sort—the agent that is being delivered to the consumer in the tablet dosage. This might be a flavor, an aroma, a medication (e.g., pharmaceutical prescription or OTC, a gastric acid neutralizer, a laxative, an anti-flatulent, etc.) a nutritional product, a bleach, a detergent, an herbicide or insecticide or bactericide, or any other agent that is to be consumed or used.
- the tablet may comprise more than one active agent.
- the tablet will also include an excipient of some type, to aid in delivery of the desired active agent.
- Excipients are widely known, and can be selected from any chemical class that does not impact the desired physical properties of the tablet. Many excipients are stabilizers and add bulk to the tablet, and may function as binders, such as saccharides and polysaccharides, sugar alcohols such as sorbitol or xylitol, dicalcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, various proteins and synthetic polymers.
- Other excipients commonly employed in the tablet art are lubricants, coatings and disintegrants, all of which are compatible with the friability reducing agents of the invention.
- the tablet need not effervesce or otherwise demonstrate active properties other than dissolution on wetting, but in one embodiment, the tablet does comprise a dry effervescent couple (typically, an organic acid like citric, fumaric or malic acid together with a carbonate or bicarbonate such as sodium or potassium bicarbonate) that will generate carbon dioxide when the tablet is wetted, or preferably immersed, such as a drink or bathing formulation.
- a dry effervescent couple typically, an organic acid like citric, fumaric or malic acid together with a carbonate or bicarbonate such as sodium or potassium bicarbonate
- the tablet generally includes an active agent of some type, and an excipient chosen to be compatible with that active agent.
- the excipient may improve shape, appearance, flavor, texture or other features of the tablet.
- optional agents depending on the ultimate utility of the tablet, may be incorporated. These include flavorants, colorants, aromatic agents, dispersants, preservatives, lubricants, etc.
- the tablets of the invention further comprise an agent to reduce friability upon tableting, present in amounts of about 0.1-about 5.0 percent by weight of a compound having a solubility in room temperature water of at least eighty percent (80%) (w/w%) and is comprised of at least three percent (3%) by weight —OH moieties, and wherein said tablet with said friability reducing agent exhibits a hardness of at least eighty percent (80%) of the hardness of that same tablet prepared in the absence of said additive.
- an agent to reduce friability upon tableting present in amounts of about 0.1-about 5.0 percent by weight of a compound having a solubility in room temperature water of at least eighty percent (80%) (w/w%) and is comprised of at least three percent (3%) by weight —OH moieties, and wherein said tablet with said friability reducing agent exhibits a hardness of at least eighty percent (80%) of the hardness of that same tablet prepared in the absence of said additive.
- the following base denture cleanser formula was prepared by blending the indicated ingredients (Table 1) using conventional powder mixing equipment.
- Formulations that demonstrate the invention were prepared by adding the indicated amount of PEG 400.
- the formulas were balanced to one hundred percent (100%) by reducing the amount of sodium sulfate.
- Tablets were compressed using 7 ⁇ 8′′ round tooling on a Stokes F press. Compression force was adjusted to give the hardest possible tablet (limit set by capability of the press or by the appearance of tablet capping). Data is shown in Table 2.
- Hardness was measured using a Hydruniger-4M tablet hardness tester.
- Friability was measured in a manner similar to that described in the USP-NF, Chapter ⁇ 1216>.
- the USP-NF method was modified in that the number of tablet used and the method of calculation were changed as indicated here.
- Ten (10) tablets were placed in an Erweka TA friability apparatus. The tablets were tumbled at 25 rpm for the indicated number of minutes. The percentage of unbroken tablets is reported.
- Dissolution time was measured by placing a tablet in 125 ml of water at 25° C. The time needed for essentially complete dissolution is reported.
- PEGs listed in Table 3 were evaluated using the formula shown in Table 1. 0.6% PEG was used in each trial. The formulas were balanced to 100% by reducing sodium sulfate. Data is shown below.
- friability reducing agents of this invention are physically and chemically compatible with each other. Accordingly, they may be used in combination and in mixtures. Given the desirability of limiting the amount of the friability reducing agent present in the tablet in general, the Examples herein focus on one agent or another, but multiple agents could be used together, provided the weight limits are observed, and any reduction in hardness is controlled
- Denture cleanser tablets formulated according to Table 1, with PEG 400 at included at the indicated level were produced with acids other than citric acid. This was done to ascertain if the inventive effect is limited to products based only on citric acid. Table 6 displays the results of this experiment:
- An effervescent Vitamin C tablet (designed to dissolve in water before ingesting) was developed using the composition shown in Table 7.
- the formula was prepared by blending the indicated ingredients using conventional powder mixing equipment.
- Formulations that demonstrate the invention were prepared by adding the indicated amount of PEG 400.
- the formulas were balanced to one hundred percent (100%) by reducing the amount of sorbitol.
- Formulations that demonstrate the invention were prepared by adding the indicated amount of PEG 400.
- the formulas were balanced to one hundred percent (100%) by reducing the amount of sorbitol.
- formulations in the above examples are effervescent. That is, they contain one or more organic acids and one or more carbonate salts. In the presence of water the acid and the carbonate salt react to release carbon dioxide, creating a bubbling action that is appealing to consumers and that disperses formula ingredients.
- effervescent products developed for many reasons) can be found in the art. Given that effervescent formulations are somewhat specialized, our inventive technology was also checked in a non-effervescent formulation.
- a tart, sugar based candy tablet was developed according to the formula shown in Table 11. This tablet can be dissolved in the mouth as a lozenge.
- Formulations that demonstrate the invention were prepared by adding the indicated amount of PEG 400.
- the formulas were balanced to one hundred percent (100%) by reducing the amount of maltodextrin.
Abstract
Tablets are prepared with friability reducing agents to yield tablets that are more resistant to breakage or crumbling, but with satisfactory hardness. The friability reducing agents include low molecular weight polyethylene glycol as well as similar agents exhibiting at least three percent (3%) hydroxide moieties and a water solubility of at least eighty percent (80%) (w/w %) in room temperature water. The tablets may comprise an active agent and excipient of almost any type, and about 0.1-about 0.5% by weight friability reducing agent. They exhibit a hardness of at least eighty percent (80%) of the same tablet prepared without the friability reducing agent.
Description
- To those versed in the art and science of tableting, the term friability describes a tablet's propensity to crumble. When a tablet formulation displays high friability, it crumbles easily. This is not a good thing. Highly friable tablets are difficult to convey during production and are hard to package and transport. Consumers, reasonably, expect their tablet products to be unbroken and whole.
- This invention is based on the inclusion of lower molecular weight polyethylene glycol (low MW PEG) in tablet formulations. These PEGs are liquid at room temperature (melting points below about 35° C.). They have average molecular weights of about 200 to 800. We have discovered that low molecular weight PEG has the surprising benefit of dramatically improving the friability of tablet formulations.
- This performance is not known in the art. In fact, the major manufacturer of PEG, Dow Chemical Company, teaches away from using low MW PEG for tableting in their sales literature (reference dow-answer.custhelp.com: Carbowax™ Sentry™ PEGS & MPEGS for Pharmaceuticals; answer id 3561, Carbowax™ Sentry™ Polyethylene Glycols for Cosmetics and Personal Care (answer id 3541) and Carbowax™ Sentry™ Polyethylene Glycols (form no 118-01790-1011 AMS)). Searches of the United States and European patent literature do not yield results that teach the inclusion of low MW PEG in tablet formulations, let alone for its ability to improve tablet friability.
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a polymer frequently used in tablet formulations. Higher molecular weight PEG is commonly used a binder and/or as a lubricant. Typically, PEG with average molecular weight 8000 (INCI nomenclature PEG-180, trade name: Carbowax™ 8000) is used for this function. PEGs with slightly lower MW (down to about MW 4000) are also known to be used for this function. The higher molecular weight PEGs are solid at room temperature and have melting points around 50-60° C. Numerous citations of these materials being used for these functions can be found in the art.
- Dow Chemical Company's publication “Carbowax™ Sentry™ Polyethylene Glycols” (form no. 118-01790-1011 AMS, page 8, obtained from the dow.com website) indicates that materials with slightly lower molecular weight, “MW 1450 and higher” can be used as processing aids for granulations. This reference however goes on to state that “high MW materials such as PEG 8000 preferred” for this purpose.
- There are references in the patent art to PEGs with slightly lower molecular weights being used as granulation aids. U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,593 teaches PEGs with molecular weight as low as about 3000 (Col. 5, line 19 and claim 3) for this purpose. Although no clear reason or data is presented in the patent, claim 2 includes PEG with “average molecular weight of at least 900” as part of a granulating medium. As noted at column 2, line 64, “the compositions of the invention are prepared by a melt granulation process, in the substantial absence of added liquid solvents”. Examples 1 and 2 note that tablets made from inventive granulations have low friability (column 9, line 51; column 10, line 47). However, it is not possible for one skilled in the art to infer that this performance can be caused by low MW PEG, as the example compositions only contain PEG 8000.
- U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0112160, at claim 6, describes a tablet with an excipient comprising PEG with MW in the range of 400 to 20,000. None of the examples of this application include PEGs with MW lower than 4000. Although the application states that acceptable friability can be achieved (P0023, P0051) using this technology, no data is given that would allow someone skilled in the art to learn low MW PEG's ability to affect this property. In fact, P0053 explicitly states that PEG 4000 is preferred.
- U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0135738 is similar to the above application. It names the same inventors and has the same assignee. Like the previous application, the use of PEG 400 in a tablet is recited (claim 2). Also like the above application, there is no teaching that would enable one skilled in the art to use low molecular PEG as a friability improver. Again, PEG-4000 is explicitly taught as the preferred material (P0053).
- U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0136883 (same assignee as above two (2) references, one common inventor) speaks directly to use of PEG-400 in tablet formulations. This reference is not predictive of the instant invention. While Example 4 (Table 2) teaches the use of PEG 400 at five percent (5%), the test results shown in Table 4 do not exhibit the dramatic decrease in friability discovered in our invention. The Application's data shows a drop in friability (0.10% without PEG 400, 0.05% with it) and a decrease in hardness (140-220 N without PEG-400, 110-130 with it). Tablets prepared according to our invention do not exhibit the loss in hardness. More importantly, our discovery is that low MW PEG has a much greater impact on friability at much lower levels than taught here. In fact, we are not even able to make acceptable tablets when PEG 400 is utilized at five percent (5%).
- U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011/0262497 (same inventor and assignee as immediate above application) mentions the use of liquid polyethylene glycols as a possible excipient at P0029. However there is no teaching anywhere in this application as to the benefits and/or functions of doing so.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,093,710 is directed to the preparation of powders or granules of small size, smaller than 20 mesh (a higher mesh number means a smaller sized particle). This patent refers to the use of a surfactant for use in the granulating solution employed. The surfactant may be polyethylene glycol of PEG 400PEG 9000, as well as other surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate. PEG 1540 is identified as the preferred surfactant. As this patent is directed to the preparation of free flowing, rapidly dissolving powders or small granules, friability and related properties are not discussed.
- We have discovered that low molecular polyethylene glycols can dramatically improve the friability of tablet formulations when incorporated at surprisingly low levels. In particular, polyethylene glycols in the range of about PEG 200 to about PEG 1000 give superior performance and improvement in friability, without a significant loss in hardness or other properties, when formulating tablets in otherwise customary fashion. The level of incorporation of low molecular weight and similar compounds at low weight percentage gives improvements that are particularly surprising. In fact, at weight levels of the overall tablet weight at about 0.1-about 5.0%, striking improvements in friability are observed. At higher levels, above about five percent (5.0% w/weight of the tablet) an unacceptable loss of hardness is observed. Hardness of a tablet is impacted by a wide variety of factors, one of which is the character of the central or active agent of the tablet, as well as the excipients included therewith. As a result, an absolute standard or range for hardness of the tablets of the invention is difficult to establish. The tablets of this invention have reduced friability and exhibit at least eighty percent (80%) of the hardness the same tablet would exhibit in the absence of the agent to reduce friability. The hardness exhibited by the tablets of this invention may be 85, 90, 95 or even 100% of the hardness of the same tablet made without the friability reducing agent.
- While polyethylene glycol of the molecular weight PEG 200-PEG 1000 is the preferred friability improvement agent of this invention, other similar compounds are effective in improving friability (resistance to crumbling) without sacrificing other desirable properties. In addition to polyethylene glycol, other glycols, such as polypropylene glycol and methoxypolyethylene glycol at relatively low molecular weights (PPG 425-about PPG 1000; MPEG 350-about MPEG 1000) are also effective in improving tablet friability at less than about five percent (5.0%) by weight. Other high hydroxide content materials that are at least partially water soluble, like glycerin and Tween® 80 are also effective in this role.
- The invention therefor is focused not on powders or granules, but on tablets (tablet diameter is typically at least ¾ inch diameter), and in particular, tablets of low friability, tablets that exhibit a resistance to crumbling or breakage or chipping. The tablets require an active agent of some sort—the agent that is being delivered to the consumer in the tablet dosage. This might be a flavor, an aroma, a medication (e.g., pharmaceutical prescription or OTC, a gastric acid neutralizer, a laxative, an anti-flatulent, etc.) a nutritional product, a bleach, a detergent, an herbicide or insecticide or bactericide, or any other agent that is to be consumed or used. In preferred embodiments, the tablet may comprise more than one active agent.
- Typically, the tablet will also include an excipient of some type, to aid in delivery of the desired active agent. Excipients are widely known, and can be selected from any chemical class that does not impact the desired physical properties of the tablet. Many excipients are stabilizers and add bulk to the tablet, and may function as binders, such as saccharides and polysaccharides, sugar alcohols such as sorbitol or xylitol, dicalcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, various proteins and synthetic polymers. Other excipients commonly employed in the tablet art are lubricants, coatings and disintegrants, all of which are compatible with the friability reducing agents of the invention. Many excipients are featured in the examples set forth below, but are not so limited, and excipients as would be recognized as commonly useful in the preparation of tablets by those of skill in that art may be generally useful in the invention. The tablet need not effervesce or otherwise demonstrate active properties other than dissolution on wetting, but in one embodiment, the tablet does comprise a dry effervescent couple (typically, an organic acid like citric, fumaric or malic acid together with a carbonate or bicarbonate such as sodium or potassium bicarbonate) that will generate carbon dioxide when the tablet is wetted, or preferably immersed, such as a drink or bathing formulation.
- Thus, the invention is focused in terms of the properties of the additive to reduce friability, but otherwise generally inclusive of the components and purposes to which tablets are commonly put. The tablet generally includes an active agent of some type, and an excipient chosen to be compatible with that active agent. The excipient may improve shape, appearance, flavor, texture or other features of the tablet. A wide variety of optional agents, depending on the ultimate utility of the tablet, may be incorporated. These include flavorants, colorants, aromatic agents, dispersants, preservatives, lubricants, etc. The tablets of the invention further comprise an agent to reduce friability upon tableting, present in amounts of about 0.1-about 5.0 percent by weight of a compound having a solubility in room temperature water of at least eighty percent (80%) (w/w%) and is comprised of at least three percent (3%) by weight —OH moieties, and wherein said tablet with said friability reducing agent exhibits a hardness of at least eighty percent (80%) of the hardness of that same tablet prepared in the absence of said additive.
- The following examples demonstrate this performance. The examples are provided for purposes of demonstration only, and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Other active agents and excipients, as well as other agents effective in reducing friability, within the broad parameters set forth above, will occur to those of skill in the art.
- The following base denture cleanser formula was prepared by blending the indicated ingredients (Table 1) using conventional powder mixing equipment.
-
TABLE 1 Material % w/w Sodium Bicarbonate 25.0 Citric Acid 20.0 Sodium Carbonate 15.0 Potassium Monopersulfate 10.0 Sodium Perborate Monohydrate 10.0 Maltodextrin 9.5 Sodium Sulfate 8.7 Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate 0.7 PEG 8000 0.7 Flavor Oil 0.3 Sodium Benzoate 0.1 Total 100.0 - Formulations that demonstrate the invention were prepared by adding the indicated amount of PEG 400. The formulas were balanced to one hundred percent (100%) by reducing the amount of sodium sulfate.
- Tablets were compressed using ⅞″ round tooling on a Stokes F press. Compression force was adjusted to give the hardest possible tablet (limit set by capability of the press or by the appearance of tablet capping). Data is shown in Table 2.
- Hardness was measured using a Schuleuniger-4M tablet hardness tester.
- Friability was measured in a manner similar to that described in the USP-NF, Chapter <1216>. The USP-NF method was modified in that the number of tablet used and the method of calculation were changed as indicated here. Ten (10) tablets were placed in an Erweka TA friability apparatus. The tablets were tumbled at 25 rpm for the indicated number of minutes. The percentage of unbroken tablets is reported.
- Dissolution time was measured by placing a tablet in 125 ml of water at 25° C. The time needed for essentially complete dissolution is reported.
-
TABLE 2 Friability (% whole tablets) PEG 400 Weight Hardness Thickness 2 4 6 8 10 Dissolution concentration (g) (kp) (mm) min min min min min Time (sec) 0% 2.69 7.8 3.96 70 10 0 0 0 83 0.1% 2.70 8.2 3.95 100 85 40 15 5 82 0.6% 2.69 9.0 3.82 100 100 100 100 100 103 1.0% 2.65 8.5 3.85 100 100 100 100 100 145 5.0% 2.80 4.6 4.21 100 100 100 100 100 71 - This data clearly shows the effect of PEG 400 on the denture cleanser composition. Below five percent (5%) PEG 400, friability is unexpectedly and dramatically improved while hardness and dissolution time are not significantly affected. At five percent (5%) though, the tablet's hardness is decreased to an unacceptable level.
- The effect of different molecular weight PEGs was investigated. The PEGs listed in Table 3 were evaluated using the formula shown in Table 1. 0.6% PEG was used in each trial. The formulas were balanced to 100% by reducing sodium sulfate. Data is shown below.
-
TABLE 3 Friability (% Whole Tablets) Weight Hardness Thickness 2 4 6 8 10 Dissolution PEG MW (g) (kp) (mm) min min min min min Time (sec) None (control) 2.69 7.8 3.96 70 10 0 0 0 83 200 2.66 8.1 3.92 100 100 100 100 100 72 400 2.69 9.0 3.82 100 100 100 100 100 103 600 2.69 7.5 3.94 100 100 100 100 100 145 1000 2.71 7.4 3.98 100 85 30 0 0 82 1450 2.62 6.6 3.90 60 20 5 0 0 73
Clearly, the friability benefit of the invention is maximized when using PEGs with MW between 200 and 1,000. The drop in performance at MW 1450 is surprising. - Materials with chemical structures somewhat similar to PEG were tested to assess their performance in reducing tablet friability. That is, we assessed hydrophilic materials that are ethoxylated or propoxylated. A range of chain length materials were investigated. For comparison purposes, we also looked at a hydrophobic material (mineral oil) and glycerin (as a very short chain, high hydroxyl content material). These assessments were conducted using the denture cleanser formulation shown in Table 1.
- Data from these experiments are presented in Table 4:
-
TABLE 4 Friability (% Whole Tablets) Material added Weight Hardness 2 4 6 8 10 (0.6% formula) Structure (g) (kp) min min min min min No additive — 2.69 7.8 70 10 0 0 0 PEG 400 H—(O—CH2—CH2)8—OH 2.69 9.0 100 100 100 100 100 Polypropylene glycol H—(O—CH(CH3)CH2)4—OH 2.64 8.0 100 100 100 100 100 250 (PPG-4) Polypropylene glycol H—(O—CH(CH3)—CH2)9—OH 2.67 7.5 100 80 55 30 0 425 (PPG-9) Polypropylene glycol H—(O—CH(CH3)—CH2)10—OH 2.65 6.5 100 70 30 10 0 700 (PPG-10) Polypropylene glycol H—(O—CH(CH3)—CH2)26—OH 2.67 3.7 20 0 0 0 0 2000 (PPG-26) Methoxypolyethylene CH3—(O—CH2—CH2)6—OH 2.66 6.4 100 100 100 100 100 glycol 350 (MPEG-6) Methoxypolyethylene CH3—(O—CH2—CH2)10—OH 2.66 6.4 100 100 100 100 100 glycol 550 (MPEG-10) Tween 80 (Polysorbate 80) 2.69 5.6 100 100 90 95 85 Mineral Oil CnH2n+2 n=12−40 2.65 7.4 90 60 30 0 0 Glycerin OH—CH2—C(OH)—CH2—OH 2.65 9.5 100 100 100 100 100 - In an attempt to understand what chemical properties of the tested materials are critical to improving friability, we looked at some of the physical properties of the tested materials. Table 5 provides these comparisons:
-
TABLE 5 Friablilty Appearance at Room Material improvement Solubility in Water (w/w %) Temperature PEG 200 Yes 100% Clear viscous liquid PEG 400 Yes 100% Clear viscous liquid PEG 600 Yes 100% Clear viscous liquid PEG 1000 Somewhat 80% Soft, Opaque white solid PEG 1450 No 72% Soft, Opaque white solid MPEG 350 Yes 100% Clear viscous liquid MPEG 550 Yes 100% Clear viscous liquid PPG 250 Yes 100% Clear viscous liquid PPG 425 Yes Soluble at room temperature, but Clear viscous liquid insoluble at higher temperatures PPG 700 Somewhat Soluble to slightly soluble at Clear viscous liquid room temperature PPG 2000 No 0% Clear viscous liquid Tween 80 Yes 100% Clear viscous liquid (yellow) Mineral Oil No 0% Clear viscous liquid Glycerin Yes 100% Clear viscous liquid - Examining these data, it appears that agents which are at least somewhat soluble in water at room temperature exhibit the inventive effect. It will be evident that the friability reducing agents of this invention are physically and chemically compatible with each other. Accordingly, they may be used in combination and in mixtures. Given the desirability of limiting the amount of the friability reducing agent present in the tablet in general, the Examples herein focus on one agent or another, but multiple agents could be used together, provided the weight limits are observed, and any reduction in hardness is controlled
- Denture cleanser tablets formulated according to Table 1, with PEG 400 at included at the indicated level were produced with acids other than citric acid. This was done to ascertain if the inventive effect is limited to products based only on citric acid. Table 6 displays the results of this experiment:
-
TABLE 6 Friability (% Whole Tablets) PEG 400 Weight Hardness 2 4 6 8 10 Acid level (%) (g) (kp) min min min min min Citric Acid 0 2.69 7.77 70 10 0 0 0 Citric Acid 0.6 2.69 8.96 100 100 100 100 100 Fumaric Acid 0 2.61 5.09 25 0 0 0 0 Fumaric Acid 0.6 2.60 5.80 100 100 95 90 85 Malic Acid 0 n/a n/a — — — — — Malic Acid 0.6 2.39 5.28 100 100 100 100 100 Sodium Bisulfate 0 2.66 6.56 10 0 0 0 0 Sodium Bisulfate 0.6 2.70 5.99 85 40 10 0 0 - The above data clearly show the benefits of including PEG 400 in the formulation. Most notably, and surprisingly, tablets made with malic acid could not be produced without inclusion of the low molecular weight PEG.
- Product formulations other than denture tablets were also studied. Examples follow.
- An effervescent Vitamin C tablet (designed to dissolve in water before ingesting) was developed using the composition shown in Table 7. The formula was prepared by blending the indicated ingredients using conventional powder mixing equipment.
-
TABLE 7 Material % w/w Ascorbic Acid 33.4 Citric Acid 33.4 Sodium Bicarbonate 8.3 Potassium Bicarbonate 8.3 Sorbitol 8.6 Maltodextrin 2.0 Flavor Oil 0.2 Sucralose 0.4 PEG 8000 4.4 Sodium Benzoate 1.0 Total 100.0 - Formulations that demonstrate the invention were prepared by adding the indicated amount of PEG 400. The formulas were balanced to one hundred percent (100%) by reducing the amount of sorbitol.
- Three (3) gram tablets were compressed using ⅞″ round tooling on a Stokes F press. Compression force was adjusted to give the hardest possible tablet (limit set by capability of the press or by appearance of tablet capping).
- These tablets were evaluated by the same methods discussed above. Data are shown in Table 8.
-
TABLE 8 Friability (% Whole Tablets) PEG 400 Weight Hardness Thickness 2 4 6 8 10 concentration (g) (kp) (mm) min min min min min Comments 0 2.95 5.4 5.03 50 0 0 0 0 — 0.1% 2.99 6.1 5.06 100 95 60 25 5 — 0.6% 2.92 6.7 4.92 100 100 100 100 100 — 1.0% 2.78 3.7 5.05 100 100 100 100 100 — 5.0% — — — — — — — — Tablets could not be pressed due to punch face sticking and sidewall scoring - Again, the addition of a small amount of PEG 400 provides the unexpected result of highly improved friability without harm to other properties.
- An effervescent tablet designed to form a lemon/lime beverage when dissolved in water was formulated as shown in Table 9:
-
TABLE 9 Material % w/w Citric Acid 54.6 Sodium Bicarbonate 21.2 Sorbitol 17.7 Lemon/Lime Flavor Oil 0.9 Acesulfame K 0.4 Aspartame 1.0 PEG 8000 2.7 Sodium Benzoate 1.5 Total 100.0 - Formulations that demonstrate the invention were prepared by adding the indicated amount of PEG 400. The formulas were balanced to one hundred percent (100%) by reducing the amount of sorbitol.
- 3.3 gram tablets were compressed using ⅞″ round tooling on a Stokes F press. As above, compression force was adjusted to give the hardest possible tablet (limit set by capability of the press or by appearance of tablet capping).
- These tablets were evaluated by the same methods discussed above. Data are shown in Table 10.
-
TABLE 10 Friability (% Whole Tablets) PEG 400 Weight Hardness Thickness 2 4 6 8 10 concentration (g) (kp) (mm) min min min min min 0 3.27 7.1 5.60 100 75 35 0 0 0.6% 3.27 7.7 5.55 100 100 100 100 100 - Again, the dramatic effect of low molecular weight PEG addition was demonstrated.
- It may be noted that all of the formulations in the above examples are effervescent. That is, they contain one or more organic acids and one or more carbonate salts. In the presence of water the acid and the carbonate salt react to release carbon dioxide, creating a bubbling action that is appealing to consumers and that disperses formula ingredients. Many examples of effervescent products (developed for many reasons) can be found in the art. Given that effervescent formulations are somewhat specialized, our inventive technology was also checked in a non-effervescent formulation.
- A tart, sugar based candy tablet was developed according to the formula shown in Table 11. This tablet can be dissolved in the mouth as a lozenge.
-
TABLE 11 Material % w/w Dextrose 44.7 Maltodextrin 44.4 Citric Acid 10.0 Lemon/Lime Flavor Oil 0.3 PEG 8000 0.5 Sodium Benzoate 0.1 Total 100.0 - Formulations that demonstrate the invention were prepared by adding the indicated amount of PEG 400. The formulas were balanced to one hundred percent (100%) by reducing the amount of maltodextrin.
- 2.5 gram tablets were compressed using ⅞″ round tooling on a Stokes F press. As above, compression force was adjusted to give the hardest possible tablet (limit set by capability of the press or by appearance of tablet capping).
- These tablets were evaluated by the same methods discussed above. Data are shown in Table 12.
-
TABLE 12 Friability (% Whole Tablets) PEG 400 Weight Hardness Thickness 2 4 6 8 10 concentration (g) (kp) (mm) min min min min min Comments 0 2.38 5.8 4.66 40 0 0 0 0 — 0.1% 2.37 4.7 4.58 70 35 5 0 0 — 0.6% 2.40 6.0 4.61 100 100 100 85 75 — 1.0% — — — — — — — — Flow issues. Tablets were not pressed - These data clearly demonstrate the benefits of the invention in a non-effervescent formulation.
- While the present invention has been disclosed with references to certain embodiments, numerous modification, alterations, and changes to the described embodiments are possible without departing from the sphere and scope of the present invention, as defined in the appended claims. Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention not be limited to the described embodiments, but that it has the full scope defined by the language of the following claims, and equivalents thereof.
Claims (13)
1-10. (canceled)
11. A tablet exhibiting reduced friability, said tablet comprising:
A) An active agent;
B) an excipient compatible with said active agent; and
C) an agent to reduce friability, wherein said agent to reduce friability is a polyethylene glycol of molecular weight of 200-1000, present in amounts of about 0.1%-about 5.0% by weight of the tablet, wherein said tablet comprising said friability reducing agent exhibits a hardness of at least eighty percent (80%) of the hardness exhibited by said tablet prepared in the absence of said friability reducing agent.
12. The tablet of claim 11 , wherein said active agent is selected from the group consisting of a flavor, an aroma, a medication, a nutritional product, a bleach, a detergent, an herbicide, an insecticide or bactericide
13. The tablet of claim 11 , wherein said tablet comprises an effervescent couple which combine to release carbon dioxide when the tablet is moistened.
14. The tablet of claim 11 wherein said active agent is a medication.
15. The tablet of claim 13 , wherein said medication is selected from the group consisting of a pharmaceutical preparation available with a prescription, an over-the-counter product, a gastric acid neutralizer, a laxative, and an anti-flatulent.
16. The tablet of claim 11 , wherein said friability reducing agent is comprised of polyethylene glycol 400.
17. The tablet of claim 11 , wherein said excipient is a stabilizer, lubricant, a binder, a disintegrant, or a coating.
18. The tablet of claim 11 , wherein said active agent comprises a nutritional product.
19. The tablet of claim 11 , wherein said tablet is intended for consumption by an animal.
20. The tablet of claim 19 , wherein said animal is a mammal.
21. The tablet of claim 20 , wherein said mammal is a human.
22. A tablet exhibiting reduced friability, said tablet comprising:
A) An active agent;
B) an excipient compatible with said medication; and
C) an agent to reduce friability, wherein said agent to reduce friability is glycerin, present in amounts of about 0.1%-about 5.0% by weight of the tablet, wherein said tablet comprising said friability reducing agent exhibits a hardness of at least eighty percent (80%) of the hardness exhibited by said tablet prepared in the absence of said friability reducing agent.
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US17/344,790 US20210308059A1 (en) | 2013-04-22 | 2021-06-10 | Tablets with improved friability |
US17/691,980 US20220192990A1 (en) | 2013-04-22 | 2022-03-10 | Tablets with improved friability |
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US13/867,308 US11058642B2 (en) | 2013-04-22 | 2013-04-22 | Tablets with improved friability |
US17/344,790 US20210308059A1 (en) | 2013-04-22 | 2021-06-10 | Tablets with improved friability |
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JP6668168B2 (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2020-03-18 | 株式会社ホットアルバム炭酸泉タブレット | Tablet manufacturing method and tablets |
EP3529343A1 (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2019-08-28 | Sterilex LLC | Ambient moisture-activated surface treatment powder |
USD848596S1 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2019-05-14 | Remarkably Well, Inc | Aromatherapy shower tablet dissolver |
US10165906B1 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2019-01-01 | Remarkably Well, Inc | Apparatus for dissolving a fragrance carrier |
US10010643B1 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2018-07-03 | Remarkably Well, Inc | Apparatus for dissolving a fragrance carrier |
USD838826S1 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2019-01-22 | Remarkably Well, Inc | Aromatherapy shower tablet |
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US3518343A (en) * | 1967-10-02 | 1970-06-30 | Miles Lab | Effervescent tablet and process for making same |
US4093710A (en) | 1976-07-07 | 1978-06-06 | Sandoz, Inc. | Rapid dissolving effervescent granules |
US5403593A (en) | 1991-03-04 | 1995-04-04 | Sandoz Ltd. | Melt granulated compositions for preparing sustained release dosage forms |
US6649186B1 (en) | 1996-09-20 | 2003-11-18 | Ethypharm | Effervescent granules and methods for their preparation |
US7632521B2 (en) * | 2003-07-15 | 2009-12-15 | Eurand, Inc. | Controlled release potassium chloride tablets |
US20070286819A1 (en) * | 2006-06-08 | 2007-12-13 | Warner Chilcott Company, Inc. | Methods to administer ethinyl estradiol and prodrugs thereof with improved bioavailability |
US20080031949A1 (en) * | 2006-07-24 | 2008-02-07 | Cima Labs Inc. | High dose orally dissolvable/disintegrable lyophilized dosage form |
EP2108365A1 (en) | 2008-04-09 | 2009-10-14 | LEK Pharmaceuticals d.d. | Single dosage pharmaceutical formulation comprising eprosartan mesylate |
US20110136883A1 (en) | 2008-04-09 | 2011-06-09 | Lek Pharmaceuticals D.D. | Granulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients |
WO2010017361A1 (en) * | 2008-08-07 | 2010-02-11 | Phyzz, Inc. | Effervescent tablets/granules |
EP2168573A1 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-03-31 | LEK Pharmaceuticals D.D. | Formulations comprising ezetimibe |
-
2013
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2022
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Wells et al, Improved Wet Massed Tableting Using Plasticized Binder, 1982, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., page 46P, 1 page. (Year: 1982) * |
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US11058642B2 (en) | 2021-07-13 |
US20140315719A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
CA2844473C (en) | 2020-09-15 |
EP2796131B1 (en) | 2017-08-09 |
US20220192990A1 (en) | 2022-06-23 |
CA2844473A1 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
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