US20210302143A1 - Wireless detonating system - Google Patents

Wireless detonating system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20210302143A1
US20210302143A1 US17/268,097 US201917268097A US2021302143A1 US 20210302143 A1 US20210302143 A1 US 20210302143A1 US 201917268097 A US201917268097 A US 201917268097A US 2021302143 A1 US2021302143 A1 US 2021302143A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
signal
detonator
detonators
strength
borehole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
US17/268,097
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel August Julien Louis Maurissens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Detnet South Africa Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Detnet South Africa Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=67847799&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US20210302143(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Detnet South Africa Pty Ltd filed Critical Detnet South Africa Pty Ltd
Assigned to DETNET SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD reassignment DETNET SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MAURISSENS, DANIEL AUGUST JULIEN LOUIS
Publication of US20210302143A1 publication Critical patent/US20210302143A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/02—Arranging blasting cartridges to form an assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
    • F42D1/045—Arrangements for electric ignition
    • F42D1/05—Electric circuits for blasting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D5/00—Safety arrangements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a detonating system.
  • US2008/0041261 relates to a wireless blasting system in which at least two components are adapted to communicate with each other over a short range wireless radio link. Use is made of so-called identification code carriers which are associated with respective detonators. The code carriers are capable of communication with each other and with a blast box.
  • Communication may be effected using various protocols, such as the Bluetooth protocol which operates at a frequency of about 2,45 gHz.
  • a magnetic signal at a frequency of, say, less than 20 kHz can however penetrate rock and soil without undue attenuation. It is then possible to make use of a transmitting antenna with a relatively large area which is positioned at a suitable protected location and which transmits at a power of several tens of watts communication signals to detonators which have appropriate receivers and which are placed in boreholes in the rock.
  • This approach which enables the use of the identification code carriers or equivalent devices to be dispensed with, is essentially of a unidirectional nature.
  • Reliable communication links can be established from the transmitter to the various antennas which are associated with the detonators in the boreholes, but due to physical limitations of magnetic field propagation, it is not feasible to transmit from each detonator a signal in the reverse direction, over the same distance, to a receiving antenna which may be the same as a transmitting antenna.
  • Other disadvantages include the practical problem of positioning and deploying a large antenna in an underground situation in which space may be limited and of then protecting the transmitting antenna from damage due to rock displaced in a subsequent blasting process.
  • An object of the present invention is to address at least to some extent the aforementioned situation.
  • the invention is based on the use of a near-field magnetic induction communication technique in which a transmitter coil in one device is used to modulate a magnetic field which is measured by means of a receiver coil in another device.
  • the power density of a far-field magnetic transmission attenuates at a rate which is proportional to the inverse of the range to the 2 nd power
  • a near-field magnetic induction system is designed to contain transmission energy within a localised magnetic field which does not radiate into free space.
  • the power density of a near-field transmission does, however, attenuate at a rate which is proportional to the inverse of the range to the 6th power
  • a cross over point between a near-field transmission and a far-field transmission occurs at an approximate distance of (wavelength of operation)/(2 ⁇ ). Utilization of the aforementioned factors means that a relatively low powered transmitter functioning at a frequency of, say, 4 kHz which is associated with a detonator inside a borehole is capable of transmitting a signal through rock over a meaningful distance of say, several, or even tens of, meters.
  • the invention provides a detonator which includes a transmitter which, when actuated, transmits a first signal at a known, predetermined signal strength, a receiver which in operation, receives said first signal from another detonator which is the same as said detonator and which is displaced by a distance from said detonator, a comparator which compares the strength of the transmitted first signal to the strength of said received first signal, and a processor, responsive to the comparator, operable to provide a measurement of the degree of attenuation of the first signal, is received.
  • the invention further extends to a detonator system which includes at least a first detonator which is located in a first borehole and which includes a first transmitter and a first receiver and a second detonator which is located in a second borehole and which includes a second transmitter and a second receiver, the first borehole being spaced from the second borehole, wherein the first transmitter is actuable to transmit a first signal at a first signal strength and the second receiver is configured to receive the first signal, the second detonator including a processor to measure the strength of the received first signal and to determine at least from the difference between the strength of the transmitted first signal and the strength of the received first signal a measurement of the attenuation of the first signal as it travels from the first borehole to the second borehole.
  • Each transmitter and receiver may be adapted to function in the ULF or VLF bands i.e. at a frequency of less than 30 kilohertz and preferably at a frequency of the order of 4 kilohertz.
  • a signal at this frequency has the capability to travel through rock or soil each receiver and transmitter associated with a respective detonator can be wholly contained within a respective borehole and no part thereof would then be located on, or exposed to, an external rock surface. The likelihood of physical damage due to mining or other operations is therefore substantially eliminated.
  • the invention also extends to a blasting system which includes control equipment and a plurality of detonators, each detonator being of the aforementioned kind, wherein each detonator, via its respective transmitter and receiver, is adapted to communicate in a two-directional manner with a restricted number of detonators in adjacent boreholes, whereby a signal from the control equipment is relayed in succession via the respective transmitters and receivers of at least some of the plurality of detonators along a plurality of outbound paths to all the plurality of detonators and a signal from any detonator is relayed in succession via the respective transmitters and receivers of at least some of the plurality of detonators along a respective inbound path to the control equipment.
  • each outbound path is along a path in which the sum of the degrees of attenuation of the signal between successive boreholes, in which the respective detonators are located and along which the signal is relayed from the control equipment, has a minimal value.
  • each inbound path is along a path in which the sum of the degrees of attenuation of the signal between successive boreholes, in which the respective detonators are located and along which the signal is relayed to the control equipment, which has a minimal value.
  • Each detonator has a respective unique identifier.
  • each path (inbound and outbound) is precisely specified by the unique identifiers of the associated detonators, and by the sequence, or order, of these identifiers.
  • An objective in the aforementioned process is to enable a communication path to be determined, which is uniquely associated with a particular detonator, in which the attenuation of a signal to or from that detonator is minimised. If the body of rock in which the boreholes are formed is essentially of the same nature (homogeneous) then this path may be one of a minimum physical distance.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram representation of a detonator according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional view of a plurality of detonators which are included in a blasting system which has a mesh network configuration, according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawings illustrates in block diagram form a detonator 10 according to the invention.
  • the detonator 10 includes detonating components 12 , of known elements, such as an initiator, a primary explosive and the like. These aspects are not individually shown nor described herein for they are known in the art.
  • the detonator 10 further includes a timer 14 , a memory 16 in which is stored a unique identifier for the detonator, a processor 18 , a transmitter 20 which is controlled by the processor 18 and which emits a signal through a custom-designed coil antenna 22 , a receiver 24 which is connected to the processor 18 and which is adapted to receive a signal detected by a custom-designed coil antenna 26 , and a comparator 28 .
  • a battery 30 is used to power the electronic components in the detonator and to provide energy to the initiator to fire the detonator when required.
  • the transmitter 20 produces a magnetic field which is transmitted by the antenna 22 .
  • the magnetic field is modulated with information output by the processor 18 in order to transmit information from the detonator.
  • the receiver 26 is adapted to decode a modulated magnetic field signal which is received by the antenna 26 and to feed information, derived from the demodulation process, to the processor 18 .
  • the receiver and transmitter function at a frequency of the order of 4 kHz.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a detonator system 34 according to the invention which includes a plurality of boreholes 38 which are drilled in a body of rock in, say, an underground location.
  • the spacings 40 between the boreholes 38 , the depth of each borehole, and the position of each borehole, are determined by the application of known principles which are not described herein.
  • Each borehole 38 is charged with an explosive composition 42 and is loaded with at least one detonator 10 of the kind described in connection with FIG. 1 .
  • the detonators are labelled A1 to A3, B1 to B3, C1 to C3, D1 to D3, E1 to E3 and F1 to F3.
  • the detonator system 34 also includes control equipment 50 which is used to establish and measure parameters of the blasting system in accordance with operating and safety techniques.
  • the control equipment 50 is adapted to receive signals from the various detonators and to transmit signals to the various detonators as is described hereinafter.
  • the control equipment 50 is connected to the detonator A2, referred to herein for ease of identification as a sink detonator, via a physical link 52 such as conductive wires.
  • a signal generated by the control equipment 50 is transmitted via the link 52 to the sink detonator A2.
  • Information carried by this signal is extracted and that information is used to modulate a magnetic signal which is generated by the respective transmitter 20 in the detonator A2.
  • a resulting near-field modulated magnetic signal is then transmitted from the coil antenna 22 of the detonator A2.
  • the sink detonator A2 transmits a signal which is received by a number of adjacent detonators.
  • these adjacent detonators are illustrated at least as the detonators A1, B2 and A3.
  • this detonator contains information, previously loaded in its memory 16 , which is based on an accurate measurement of the strength of each signal which might be transmitted by the transmitter 20 in the detonator A2.
  • the signal from the detonator A2 is received by the receiver 24 in the detonator B2 and the strength of the received signal is measured.
  • the comparator 28 in the detonator B2 compares the strength of the received signal to the strength of the transmitted signal—the latter value is, as stated, known from the relevant data which are stored in the memory 16 of the detonator B2. Due to the attenuating effect of the rock material between the two boreholes in which the detonators A2 and B2 are located, the received signal has a lower strength then the strength of the transmitted signal and, by using an appropriate algorithm which is executed by the processor 18 in the detonator B2, a measure of the degree of attenuation of the signal strength is determined. If the body of rock is essentially homogeneous this technique also provides a measure of the physical distance between the boreholes in which the detonators A2 and B2 are located.
  • the strength of the transmitted signal prefferably given by a value which is contained in the transmitted signal.
  • the signal which is emitted by the detonator A2 is also received by the detonators A1 and A3. In each instance a measurement is determined of the degree of signal attenuation between the borehole of the detonator A2 and the borehole of the respective receiving detonator (A1, A3).
  • each modulated transmitted signal is the unique identifier of the relevant detonator, taken from the memory 16 .
  • Each detonator 10 which receives a signal then transmits a responsive signal.
  • the respective components in the detonator B2 cause the generation of a modulated magnetic signal which is transmitted via the respective coil antenna 22 .
  • That transmitted signal carries information identifying the sequential path from the control equipment 50 , to the detonator A2, and to the detonator B2, and is received at least by the adjacent detonators C2, B3, A2 and B1. In each instance, a corresponding calculation is made of the extent of signal attenuation between the transmitting borehole and the receiving borehole.
  • the detonator B3 in response to the received signal, emits a modulated magnetic signal of the nature which has been described. That signal is received at least by the adjacent detonators B2, C3 and A3.
  • each detonator has received a corresponding signal which originated from the control equipment 50 .
  • each transmitted signal travels in three dimensions. However, for explanatory purposes herein, signal propagation is described as taking place in two dimensions.
  • a signal containing data of the respective distance measurement between each adjacent pair of boreholes, together with the identifiers of the respective detonators, is propagated along various paths through the mesh network towards the sink detonator A2 which, in turn, transfers such signal to the control equipment 50 .
  • the control equipment 50 is then capable of establishing a computer representation of the configuration which is shown in FIG. 2 i.e. of the various boreholes and the detonators, the identities of the detonators and the expected extent of signal attenuation between each adjacent pair of boreholes.
  • the control equipment 50 determines how a signal which is intended for any particular detonator 10 , which is identified uniquely by means of its identity number, can be sent through the mesh network of detonators in the most energy-efficient manner i.e. along the shortest path through the body of rock i.e. the path which has the smallest degree of signal attenuation. Additionally, the aforementioned process enables each detonator to establish the identity of each adjacent detonator with which it can communicate in a bi-directional manner.
  • the control equipment 50 can generate a message that is intended for any particular detonator, as identified by its identity number, and then to transmit an outbound message which is intended only for that detonator.
  • a detonator can, for example after carrying out integrity and functional capability tests, generate and transmit an inbound signal to the control equipment 50 .
  • the signal goes along a predetermined path which is determined primarily by the routing information referred to.
  • the control equipment 50 is then able to verify the integrity of the entire blasting system before initiating a fire signal.
  • the invention makes it possible for the establishment of an energy efficient, reliable and effective bi-directional communication facility between the control equipment and each detonator. This is achieved without the use of a large area primary antenna of the kind referred to in the preamble hereof.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
US17/268,097 2018-08-16 2019-08-15 Wireless detonating system Pending US20210302143A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA2018/05467 2018-08-16
ZA201805467 2018-08-16
PCT/ZA2019/050045 WO2020037336A1 (en) 2018-08-16 2019-08-15 Wireless detonating system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20210302143A1 true US20210302143A1 (en) 2021-09-30

Family

ID=67847799

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US17/268,097 Pending US20210302143A1 (en) 2018-08-16 2019-08-15 Wireless detonating system

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20210302143A1 (es)
EP (1) EP3837490A1 (es)
AR (1) AR115977A1 (es)
AU (1) AU2019321694A1 (es)
BR (1) BR112021002919A2 (es)
CA (1) CA3109146A1 (es)
CL (1) CL2021000403A1 (es)
MX (1) MX2021001692A (es)
WO (1) WO2020037336A1 (es)
ZA (1) ZA202100728B (es)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11441883B2 (en) * 2018-08-16 2022-09-13 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Bidirectional wireless detonator system
US20220290961A1 (en) * 2019-09-09 2022-09-15 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Energy efficient wireless detonator system

Citations (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020071395A1 (en) * 2000-12-08 2002-06-13 Redi Jason Keith Mechanism for performing energy-based routing in wireless networks
US20070019593A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-25 Sarkar Prateep K Apparatus, system and method capable of signal strength based dynamic source routing in Ad-Hoc wireless networks
EP1855078A2 (en) * 2005-02-16 2007-11-14 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Blasting methods and apparatus with reduced risk of inadvertent or illicit use
CN101310488A (zh) * 2005-12-23 2008-11-19 英特尔公司 无线网状网络中的路由
US20080307993A1 (en) * 2004-11-02 2008-12-18 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Wireless Detonator Assemblies, Corresponding Blasting Apparatuses, and Methods of Blasting
US20090193993A1 (en) * 2005-01-24 2009-08-06 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd. Wireless Detonator Assemblies, and Corresponding Networks
US20100212527A1 (en) * 2009-01-28 2010-08-26 Mccaan Michael John Selective control of wireless initiation devices at a blast site
US20150281881A1 (en) * 2012-10-19 2015-10-01 Orica International Pte Ltd Locating Underground Markers
US20150333843A1 (en) * 2012-02-08 2015-11-19 Vital Alert Communiation Inc. System, method and apparatus for controlling buried devices
US20160209195A1 (en) * 2013-08-20 2016-07-21 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Wearable blasting system apparatus
US20170030695A1 (en) * 2014-04-22 2017-02-02 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Limited Blasting system control
US20170074630A1 (en) * 2014-03-27 2017-03-16 Orica International Pte Ltd Apparatus, System And Method For Blasting Using Magnetic Communication Signal
WO2021033070A1 (en) * 2019-08-16 2021-02-25 Omnia Group (Proprietary) Limited Secure communication between devices in a blasting system
WO2021130296A1 (en) * 2019-12-26 2021-07-01 Maxamcorp Holding, S.L. Method for programming a plurality of electronic detonators according to a blasting pattern
WO2021159152A1 (en) * 2020-02-05 2021-08-12 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Wireless detonator system
US20210318107A1 (en) * 2018-08-16 2021-10-14 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Bidirectional wireless detonator system
WO2022019841A1 (en) * 2020-07-23 2022-01-27 Orica International Pte Ltd Systems, methods, and devices for commercial blasting operations
US20220290961A1 (en) * 2019-09-09 2022-09-15 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Energy efficient wireless detonator system
US11635283B2 (en) * 2019-01-24 2023-04-25 Hanwha Corporation Blasting system and operating method thereof

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2590093C (en) 2005-01-24 2013-03-19 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Data communication in electronic blasting systems
ES2464316T3 (es) * 2006-04-28 2014-06-02 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Métodos de control de componentes de aparatos detonadores, aparatos detonadores y componentes de los mismos

Patent Citations (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020071395A1 (en) * 2000-12-08 2002-06-13 Redi Jason Keith Mechanism for performing energy-based routing in wireless networks
US20080307993A1 (en) * 2004-11-02 2008-12-18 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Wireless Detonator Assemblies, Corresponding Blasting Apparatuses, and Methods of Blasting
US20090193993A1 (en) * 2005-01-24 2009-08-06 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd. Wireless Detonator Assemblies, and Corresponding Networks
US7929270B2 (en) * 2005-01-24 2011-04-19 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Wireless detonator assemblies, and corresponding networks
EP1855078A2 (en) * 2005-02-16 2007-11-14 Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd Blasting methods and apparatus with reduced risk of inadvertent or illicit use
US20070019593A1 (en) * 2005-06-30 2007-01-25 Sarkar Prateep K Apparatus, system and method capable of signal strength based dynamic source routing in Ad-Hoc wireless networks
CN101310488A (zh) * 2005-12-23 2008-11-19 英特尔公司 无线网状网络中的路由
US20100212527A1 (en) * 2009-01-28 2010-08-26 Mccaan Michael John Selective control of wireless initiation devices at a blast site
US20150333843A1 (en) * 2012-02-08 2015-11-19 Vital Alert Communiation Inc. System, method and apparatus for controlling buried devices
US20150281881A1 (en) * 2012-10-19 2015-10-01 Orica International Pte Ltd Locating Underground Markers
US20160209195A1 (en) * 2013-08-20 2016-07-21 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Wearable blasting system apparatus
US20170074630A1 (en) * 2014-03-27 2017-03-16 Orica International Pte Ltd Apparatus, System And Method For Blasting Using Magnetic Communication Signal
US20170030695A1 (en) * 2014-04-22 2017-02-02 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Limited Blasting system control
US20210318107A1 (en) * 2018-08-16 2021-10-14 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Bidirectional wireless detonator system
US11635283B2 (en) * 2019-01-24 2023-04-25 Hanwha Corporation Blasting system and operating method thereof
WO2021033070A1 (en) * 2019-08-16 2021-02-25 Omnia Group (Proprietary) Limited Secure communication between devices in a blasting system
US20220290961A1 (en) * 2019-09-09 2022-09-15 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Energy efficient wireless detonator system
WO2021130296A1 (en) * 2019-12-26 2021-07-01 Maxamcorp Holding, S.L. Method for programming a plurality of electronic detonators according to a blasting pattern
WO2021159152A1 (en) * 2020-02-05 2021-08-12 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Wireless detonator system
WO2022019841A1 (en) * 2020-07-23 2022-01-27 Orica International Pte Ltd Systems, methods, and devices for commercial blasting operations

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11441883B2 (en) * 2018-08-16 2022-09-13 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Bidirectional wireless detonator system
US20220290961A1 (en) * 2019-09-09 2022-09-15 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Energy efficient wireless detonator system
US12000685B2 (en) * 2019-09-09 2024-06-04 Detnet South Africa (Pty) Ltd Energy efficient wireless detonator system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2020037336A1 (en) 2020-02-20
AU2019321694A1 (en) 2021-03-04
EP3837490A1 (en) 2021-06-23
CL2021000403A1 (es) 2021-09-03
MX2021001692A (es) 2021-03-25
BR112021002919A2 (pt) 2021-05-11
AR115977A1 (es) 2021-03-17
ZA202100728B (en) 2021-10-27
CA3109146A1 (en) 2020-02-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11441883B2 (en) Bidirectional wireless detonator system
US10295323B2 (en) Apparatus, system and method for blasting using magnetic communication signal
US20210302143A1 (en) Wireless detonating system
Bedford et al. Evaluation of ZigBee (IEEE 802.15. 4) time-of-flight-based distance measurement for application in emergency underground navigation
US11982520B2 (en) Wireless detonator system
US12000685B2 (en) Energy efficient wireless detonator system
US12018925B2 (en) Wireless electronic initiation device, an initiation arrangement and method for initiation
US20150155637A1 (en) Methods, systems and devices for monitoring movement of rock in a mine
AU2019322926B2 (en) Bidirectional wireless detonator system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: DETNET SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD, SOUTH AFRICA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MAURISSENS, DANIEL AUGUST JULIEN LOUIS;REEL/FRAME:056558/0243

Effective date: 20210423

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: DOCKETED NEW CASE - READY FOR EXAMINATION

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: NON FINAL ACTION MAILED

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: RESPONSE TO NON-FINAL OFFICE ACTION ENTERED AND FORWARDED TO EXAMINER

STPP Information on status: patent application and granting procedure in general

Free format text: FINAL REJECTION MAILED