US20210301428A1 - High tenacity fiber and mineral reinforced blended yarns - Google Patents
High tenacity fiber and mineral reinforced blended yarns Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20210301428A1 US20210301428A1 US17/346,528 US202117346528A US2021301428A1 US 20210301428 A1 US20210301428 A1 US 20210301428A1 US 202117346528 A US202117346528 A US 202117346528A US 2021301428 A1 US2021301428 A1 US 2021301428A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- yarn
- composite yarn
- styrene
- mineral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 inorganic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- VSKJLJHPAFKHBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 VSKJLJHPAFKHBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N buta-1,3-diene;prop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N NTXGQCSETZTARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000271 Kevlar® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triclosan Chemical compound OC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl XEFQLINVKFYRCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H calcium citrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
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- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IYOLBFFHPZOQGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(O)=C(Cl)C(C)=C1Cl IYOLBFFHPZOQGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIEDSISPYKQADU-FMQUCBEESA-N Diacetylaminoazotoluene Chemical compound C1=C(C)C(N(C(C)=O)C(=O)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=CC=C1C YIEDSISPYKQADU-FMQUCBEESA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Ag] Chemical compound [Cu].[Ag] NEIHULKJZQTQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950010345 diacetazotol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950010569 dichloroxylenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004177 elastic tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002600 fibrillogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- FJQXCDYVZAHXNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methadone hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CC(C)N(C)C)(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 FJQXCDYVZAHXNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006173 natural rubber latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004763 nomex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012457 nonaqueous media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Ag] BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006174 synthetic rubber latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004950 technora Substances 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICUTUKXCWQYESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triclocarban Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 ICUTUKXCWQYESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001325 triclocarban Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003500 triclosan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
- D02G3/442—Cut or abrasion resistant yarns or threads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/12—Threads containing metallic filaments or strips
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/16—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/14—Other fabrics or articles characterised primarily by the use of particular thread materials
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
- D04B1/24—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B1/00—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B1/22—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration
- D04B1/24—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel
- D04B1/28—Weft knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes specially adapted for knitting goods of particular configuration wearing apparel gloves
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
- D10B2321/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene
- D10B2321/0211—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins polyethylene high-strength or high-molecular-weight polyethylene, e.g. ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene [UHMWPE]
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
- D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2401/00—Physical properties
- D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
- D10B2401/063—Load-responsive characteristics high strength
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
- D10B2501/04—Outerwear; Protective garments
- D10B2501/041—Gloves
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2503/00—Domestic or personal
- D10B2503/02—Curtains
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/1362—Textile, fabric, cloth, or pile containing [e.g., web, net, woven, knitted, mesh, nonwoven, matted, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2922—Nonlinear [e.g., crimped, coiled, etc.]
- Y10T428/2924—Composite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
- Y10T442/2008—Fabric composed of a fiber or strand which is of specific structural definition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/40—Knit fabric [i.e., knit strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/425—Including strand which is of specific structural definition
- Y10T442/438—Strand material formed of individual filaments having different chemical compositions
Definitions
- Embodiments according to the present invention generally relate to yarns and, more particularly, to yarns comprising technical fibers and mineral fibers and fabrication methods for forming the yarns.
- Abrasion- and cut-resistant yarns are used to manufacture apparel and garments, for many industries, such as construction, industrial, machining, and food-service, as well as households, to protect users from abrasions, cuts, impacts, and other physical injuries.
- Such apparel includes knitted, non-woven, or woven textiles, such as gloves, capes, jackets, suits, overalls, sleeves, and the like.
- the yarns used to manufacture this apparel are thick, heavy, stiff, and uncomfortable, particularly when the yarn directly contacts skin, i.e., sleeves and gloves.
- Textiles for industrial curtains, draperies, and the like also often require cut- and abrasion-resistance.
- Gloves and sleeves may especially consist of thick yarns requiring thicker gauge knits, such as 13, 10, and 7 gauge knits, because the denier of the yarn used to make gloves having sufficiently high abrasion- and cut-resistance is typically high, for example, higher than 600 denier.
- typical yarns used for cut-resistance are made from stiffer materials and often include high amounts of fillers, for example, 50% or more.
- Other materials offering high abrasion- and cut-resistance are blends of yarns and other materials.
- many cut-resistant yarns comprise stiff materials, such as steel or copper wire. These materials can be very irritating to the skin of users and are typically inflexible. Moreover, such materials are prohibitively expensive for many service applications.
- Yarns comprising technical fibers and mineral fibers, which can be used to manufacture abrasion- and cut-resistant articles, such as gloves, glove liners, sleeves, capes, overalls, curtains and the like, substantially as shown in and/or described in connection with at least one of the figures herein, are disclosed as set forth more completely in the claims.
- FIG. 1 depicts a flow diagram of a method for producing a blended yarn, according to one or more embodiments of the invention
- FIGS. 2A-2D depict blended yarns and composite yarns, according to embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 3 depicts a flow diagram of a method for producing a glove or glove liner, according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
- Embodiments of the present invention comprise yarns that blend high tenacity fibers and very hard fibers to produce highly cut- and abrasion-resistant, yet inexpensive, yarns.
- the high tenacity fibers also called technical fibers, include, for example, chain-extended polyolefin fibers, such as high performance polyethylene (HPPE) and aramids, for example, para-aramids, such as KEVLAR®, meta-aramids, such as NOMEX®, copolyamides, such as TECHNORA®, or combinations thereof and the like
- the very hard fibers i.e., having a Moh's hardness of 3 or greater, include one or more mineral or ceramic fibers, such as glass fibers, silica fibers, basalt fibers, as well as carbon fibers, and the like, or combinations thereof.
- the highly cut- and abrasion-resistant blended yarns according to the invention can be made without expensive fibers, such as DYNEEMA DIAMOND®, marketed by the DSM Corp.
- the use of a stretch-broken process for maintaining a consistent length of the high tenacity fibers results in less fibrillation of the fibers, and is less expensive than a cutting process.
- blended yarns according to some embodiments of the invention include nylon fibers and/or elastic fibers, to maintain a very thin, moisture regulating, and flexible structure.
- embodiments of yarns according to the invention include composite yarns.
- a composite yarn may comprise one or more core fibers wrapped with one or more wrapping yarns.
- Gloves disclosed herein have vastly improved abrasion resistance, as measured by Taber and Martindale abraders and test protocols, as well as increased cut resistance.
- the gloves and/or glove liners, made in accordance with embodiments of the invention are capable of attaining EN level 4 abrasion-resistance and/or an EN level 2 to 5 cut-resistance.
- an amount of very hard fibers in the blended or composite yarn can be balanced with an appropriate amount of high tenacity fibers to create a blended and/or composite yarn having a desired balance of hardness and cut- and abrasion-resistance versus tensile properties and cost.
- the blended or composite yarn comprises high carbon fibers, which may be incorporated into yarns for heat insulation, static dissipation, and/or anti-bacterial properties.
- the term “blended yarn” indicates a yarn comprising two or more fibers, such as staple or technical fibers, such as HPPE, and very hard filaments or fibers, such as carbon, basalt, silica, glass fibers, as described above, combined using a spinning process (for example, a wet or dry spun process) to form a blended yarn.
- core fibers are wrapped by one or more fibers to form a composite yarn. Where two wrapping yarns are wrapped around one or more core yarns, the two wrapping yarns are wrapped in the opposite orientation as is known to those having skill in the art.
- the blended yarns comprising the technical fibers further comprise the very hard fibers, wherein the very hard fibers have lengths and diameters substantially the same as the technical fibers, which are spun to form a blended yarn.
- Embodiments according to the invention include wherein the technical fibers and the very hard fibers are approximately the same length and, in some embodiments, from 90-150 mm in length.
- at least one blended yarn comprises HPPE fibers and mineral fibers each having a mean length of approximately 120 millimeters, wherein the diameter of the mineral fibers ranges from 3 to 10 microns and the technical fiber diameter ranges from 1 to 5 denier, which are substantially similar.
- At least one exemplary embodiment of the blended yarn comprises HPPE fibers and glass fibers having a mean length of approximately 100-120 millimeters, wherein the mineral fibers, such as glass fibers, comprise between approximately 2% and 40% of the blended yarn.
- At least one exemplary blended yarn according to the invention comprises a 200 denier yarn having 90% HPPE and 10% glass fibers and is wrapped with 2X-50 denier polyamide wrapping yarns, resulting in a 330 dtex composite yarn.
- another blended yarn according to the invention comprises a 160 denier filament having 90% HPPE and 10% glass fibers and a 2X-50 denier polyamide wrapping yarn, resulting in a 289 dtex composite yarn.
- At least one embodiment of the present invention includes two or more different technical fibers in one yarn, e.g., a blended yarn comprising both HPPE and para-aramid fibers.
- more than one hard fiber may be used in one yarn, for example, a yarn comprising both basalt and glass fibers.
- least one embodiment of the present invention includes two or more different technical fibers and two or more hard fibers, i.e., a blended yarn comprising HPPE and para-aramid fibers, and basalt and glass fibers.
- any wrapping yarn may further have an elastic filament or fiber incorporated therein, such as SPANDEX®, LYCRA®, or the like as discussed further below.
- At least one of the embodiments of the invention comprises either of the previous 90% HPPE/10% glass yarns, substituting the wrapping yarns with a high tenacity polyamide or a high tenacity polyester wrapping yarn to produce a 221 denier or less yarn capable of being knitted with an 18 gauge needle and achieving an EN5 cut-resistance.
- embodiments of the invention comprise a yarn having a stainless steel or HPPE core that is wrapped with a yarn comprising hard fibers, for example, the 289 or 330 dtex yarn comprising 90% HPPE and 10% glass fibers and 2X-50 denier polyamide wrapping yarn.
- the HPPE fibers are produced by taking a longer filament and breaking the HPPE fibers into, for example, 90-150 millimeter pieces by a stretch-break process.
- the very hard fibers e.g., fiberglass, silica, carbon, or basalt fibers, may then be cut to approximately the same length as the HPPE fibers.
- the very hard fibers and HPPE are then spun into a blended yarn, for example, by a gel-spun, melt-spun, or dry-spun process as are known to those of skill in the art.
- FIG. 1 depicts a flow diagram of a method 100 for producing a blended yarn according to one or more embodiments of the invention. In some embodiments, each and every step of the method 100 is performed. In other embodiments, some steps are omitted or skipped or performed in an order different than that described here.
- Method 100 starts at process step 102 and proceeds to step 104 .
- the technical fibers for example, the HPPE fibers
- the technical fibers are formed by taking an HPPE thread and stretching the thread until it breaks into fibers having a desired length, for example, 90-150 millimeters.
- very hard fibers such as mineral fibers are provided.
- the mineral fibers include inorganic, ceramic, or filament fibers, such as basalt, silica, carbon, or glass fibers as discussed above.
- the very hard fibers which have a diameter similar to the technical fibers, are cut to the length of the technical fibers discussed above, and are blended with the technical fibers at a desired percentage.
- the blended yarns according to the embodiments of the invention comprise, for example, approximately 80-95% technical fibers and approximately 5-20% of very hard fibers.
- the very hard fibers may comprise up to 40% of a blended yarn.
- Exemplary embodiments according to the invention include wherein the mineral fibers comprise approximately 5%, 7.5%, or 10% of the blended yarn.
- This range of very hard fibers, particularly glass fibers, is generally favorable to avoid breaking the fibers during processing and use. Nonetheless, other ranges are suitable for varied in-service applications.
- embodiments of the invention comprise a two-ply yarn, such as one yarn having a composite yarn, for example, HPPE/fiber core yarn, wrapped with a HPPE/SPANDEX®, yarn, or vice-versa, for example, or other processes to combine yarns known to those of skill in the art.
- a composite yarn comprises a continuous stainless steel yarn in its core
- the method 100 proceeds to step 108 , at which point the mixture of the HPPE and fibers or filaments are spun processed into a blended yarn.
- the HPPE and para-aramid fibers and, for example, glass fibers are mechanically mixed or compounded.
- the HPPE and para-aramid fibers then have the glass fibers embedded therein, at which point the HPPE, para-aramid, and glass fibers are drawn and twisted into a yarn of, for example, less than 100 denier, 221, 309, 400 and to approximately 600 denier.
- Embodiments according to the invention include melt-spun, wet-spun, or dry-spun processes as are known to those in the art.
- the blended yarn may form a composite with another yarn(s), for example, a composite yarn comprising a core yarn and one or covering yarns, as discussed in greater detail below.
- the method 100 next proceeds to step 110 , and a decision is made whether to knit an article, e.g., a glove, glove liner, or sleeve, or the like from the blended or composite yarn. If the answer is no, the method 100 ends at step 114 . If yes, an article is knitted from the blended or composite yarn, for example, using 13, 15, or 18 gauge needles, such as with an automatic knitting machine manufactured by the Shima Seiki, Mfg., Ltd. Co., i.e., Single Whole Garment models, or flat-knitting models or similar knitting machines.
- a polymeric, elastomeric, or latex coating may be optionally disposed on the liner (or sleeve or other article) as discussed below.
- FIGS. 2A-2D depict blended yarns and composite yarns, according to embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 2A depicts a blended yarn 202 according to embodiments of the invention.
- the composite yarn 202 comprises technical fibers, such as HPPE and very hard fibers, such as reinforcing fibers, such as include inorganic, mineral, ceramic, or filament fibers. Reinforcing fibers include glass fibers, carbon fibers, and/or basalt fibers, as discussed above.
- Embodiments according to the invention include wherein, as above, the HPPE fibers are 120 millimeters in length and the glass and/or basalt fibers are approximately 120 millimeters in length.
- FIG. 2A also depicts a blended yarn 204 , according to embodiments of the invention, and comprises, for example, a Z-configuration or an S-configuration, as shown.
- the blended yarn 204 may be the same as the blended yarn 202 or comprise other materials, for example, a SPANDEX® or LYCRA® yarn, a very hard fiber different than the very hard fiber in the blended yarn 202 or other changes in technical fibers or very hard fibers.
- FIG. 2B depicts a two-ply yarn 208 , in accordance with embodiments of the invention, which comprises the blended yarn 202 and the blended yarn 204 twisted together in an S-configuration to form a composite yarn 208 .
- each of the blended yarns 202 and 204 can comprise many different technical fibers and many different very hard fibers.
- FIG. 2C depicts a three-ply composite yarn 210 comprising a core yarn 212 and two wrapping yarns 214 and 216 in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
- the three-ply composite yarn 210 comprises a core yarn 212 , a first wrapping yarn 214 , and a second wrapping yarn 216 .
- the core yarn 212 is formed of, for example, a 200 denier yarn comprising 90% HPPE and 10% glass fibers.
- a first wrapping yarn 214 comprises, for example, a 50 denier polyamide yarn, and is wrapped around the core yarn 212
- a second wrapping yarn 216 comprises a 50 denier polyamide wrapping yarn, and/or an elastomeric yarn, such as SPANDEX® or LYCRA®, which wraps both the core yarn 212 and the first wrapping yarn 214 .
- the first wrapping yarn 214 and the second wrapping yarn 216 are wrapped in opposite directions.
- At least one other embodiment according to the invention comprises wherein either or both of the first wrapping yarn 214 and second wrapping yarn 216 comprises a high tenacity polyester wrapping yarn.
- FIG. 2D depicts a four-ply composite yarn 220 comprising a first core yarn 222 , a second core yarn 224 and two wrapping yarns 226 and 228 , according to embodiments of the present invention.
- the first core yarn 222 and the second core yarn 224 may parallel to each other or, alternatively, may be twisted or braided together, and are wrapped by the first wrapping yarn 226 and the second wrapping yarn 228 , which are wrapped in opposite directions.
- Any of the first core yarn, second core yarn, first wrapping yarn 226 , and second wrapping yarn 228 may comprise, for example, any of the blended yarns described above or any other yarn known to those in the art.
- FIG. 3 depicts a flow diagram of a method 300 for producing a glove or glove liner in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention. In some embodiments, each and every step of the method 300 is performed. In other embodiments, some steps are omitted or skipped.
- the method 300 starts at process step 302 and proceeds to step 303 . If a supported glove or other knitted article is being produced, a liner is provided on a former as discussed above. At step 303 , if a liner is present, the liner may be either a compacted or an uncompacted liner. Compacting, which may be performed separately or optionally, shrinks the liner, thereby increasing the density of the knitted structure.
- compacting a liner may be achieved by applying a wetting agent to the liner, heating the liner at a first temperature, and drying the liner at a second temperature.
- the liner is soaked with the wetting agent, heated in, for instance, an oven at approximately 60° C. for approximately 100-120 minutes and subsequently dried at approximately 70° C. for 50-70 minutes.
- a liner is loaded onto a former.
- the former which may be made of a ceramic, is heated.
- the former has a coagulant disposed thereon, for example, by spraying or dipping into a tank having a coagulant, which may be heated to, for example, 40-60° C.
- the coagulant is an aqueous solution of a weak acid, such as acetic acid. Applying a weak acid to the liner results in the polymeric composition, discussed below, sticking very well to the liner with a surprisingly minimal amount of strikethrough to produce an abrasion resistant glove. Stronger coagulants are also possible, such as an aqueous solution of 3 to 15% calcium nitrate concentration.
- the former/liner is removed from the tank, dried for approximately 1-5 minutes at, 30-60° C., and has a polymeric, elastomeric, or latex composition applied thereto.
- the composition may be sprayed onto the liner, screen-printed thereon, or disposed via dipping into a tank having a polymeric, elastomeric, or latex composition, as described below, disposing a polymeric, elastomeric, or latex coating onto the liner.
- the composition may be applied to the former and liner in one of several ways, such as a full-dip, a 3 ⁇ 4 dip, a knuckle-dip, palm-dip or the like, as is discussed herein and as disclosed in commonly-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/769,829, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- the liner having the polymeric, elastomeric, or latex layer disposed thereon is dipped into a tank having a weak acid for a few seconds to several minutes.
- Acetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and formic acid are suitable weak acids.
- the weak acid is an aqueous solution of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) of approximately 0.1-1.0%, as is disclosed in commonly-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/928,615, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
- TCA tricarboxylic acid
- the elastomeric or polymeric layer may be dipped in the weak acid, for example, for 2 to 10 seconds.
- the glove is optionally dipped into a strong coagulant such as an aqueous solution of calcium citrate, calcium nitrate, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol or any mixture thereof or other coagulant salts as are known by those in the art.
- the strong coagulant is an 8-12% concentration of calcium citrate, in which the glove is dipped for two to approximately eight seconds and removed.
- the glove is leached of impurities and proteins, for example, 35-50° C. for approximately 1-3 minutes.
- the glove is allowed to dry in air or with blown air for approximately 30 minutes.
- the glove is delivered to an oven for drying and curing, for example, at 70-120° C. for 30 to 40 minutes.
- the gloves are dried and cured in one zone of an oven at 70° C. for twenty-five minutes, a second zone at 110° C. for twenty-five minutes, and in a third zone of an oven at 115° C. for approximately twenty-five minutes.
- the method 300 ends.
- the blended yarns and/or composite yarns according to the invention may be used to form a knitted glove or a knitted glove liner.
- Some embodiments of the invention include elastomeric fibers, filaments, or yarns whether blended with the hard fibers discussed herein or as part of composite yarns.
- Some embodiments include wherein the blended yarn is disposed within a knitted glove or knitted glove liner so that the blended yarn is closest to the skin of a wearer.
- a glove or glove liner comprises a blended yarn or a composite yarn in which the blended yarn or composite yarn is within a plaited construction, as is known to those in the art.
- the blended or composite yarn may be the main yarn or the plaited yarn in such constructions, i.e., knitted articles.
- Knitted articles in accordance with embodiments of the invention comprise a coating to form, for example, supported gloves or compression sleeves.
- a supported glove comprises a polymeric, elastomeric, or latex composition disposed as a layer onto a fabric glove liner, and may be coated either on the outside or inside (skin-contacting) surface with the polymeric, elastomeric, or latex composition.
- the elastomeric composition comprises natural rubber latex or synthetic rubber latex, as well as other elastomeric polymer materials, for example, but not limited to, natural or synthetic polyisoprene, carboxylated or non-carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene, nitrile, nitrile-butadiene, polychloroprene, polyvinyls, butyl latex, styrene-butadiene (SBR), styrene-butadiene latex, styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), polyethylene-propylene-diene, water- or solvent-based polyurethane, anionically stabilized polymer composition, and the like, or mixtures or blends thereof.
- natural or synthetic polyisoprene carboxylated or non-carbox
- the polymeric, elastomeric, or latex composition also comprises other additives, fillers, processing aids, vulcanizing agents, rubber accelerators, aqueous and non-aqueous solutions, coagulants, colorants, and the like as known to those in the art.
- the polymeric composition is foamed, so that air cells dispersed in the range of 5-50 volumetric percentage are formed.
- closed cells or open cells may be formed, as is described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,192,834, 8,001,809, and 7,814,571, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.
- Foamed polymeric latex layers may penetrate half or more of the thickness of the knitted liner, though the polymeric layer does not penetrate the entire thickness, thereby substantially avoiding strike-through, i.e., skin contact with the polymeric latex.
- the foamed latex emulsion gels due to the action of the coagulant resident on the surfaces of the yarns forming chocking regions between the fibers, preventing further entry of the foamed latex emulsion into the knitted liner, thus preventing strike-through.
- a glove is defined as any five-fingered article that is worn on the hand, for example, a supported glove or an unsupported glove.
- a supported glove is a fabric liner having a polymeric or elastomeric coating disposed thereon.
- a liner is defined as, for example, a fabric glove (whether woven, non-woven, or knitted) having no elastomeric or polymeric composition disposed thereon, i.e., an unsupported glove.
- the terms glove and liner may be used interchangeably herein.
- a supported article includes any woven, non-woven, or knitted article, such as a sleeve, having an elastomeric composition disposed thereon.
- a composite yarn is a yarn comprising a core fiber wrapped by one or more wrapping yarns.
- any yarn disclosed herein may comprise an antimicrobial agent.
- the anti-microbial yarn includes anti-microbial ingredients embedded in fibers, such as yarns treated with AEGIS Microbe Shield® technology from AEGIS Environments. Yarns may also be treated with, for example, dichloroxylenol, hexachloraphane; diphenyl derivatives, halogenated hydroxy diphenyl derivatives such as diphenyl ethers for example 2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxy diphenyl ether (triclosan); and agents such as diacetylamino-azotoluene and triclocarban, TRIOSYN®, 2-propanol, quaternary ammonium compounds, n-halamines, or compounds and combinations thereof, for their anti-microbial properties.
- Elemental silver, silver-zinc, and silver-copper zeolites are also suitable anti-microbials, as well as other anti-microbials known to those in the art. Any of these anti-microbial substances may also be incorporated within any of the above mentioned elastomeric compositions.
Abstract
Cut-resistant and abrasion-resistant yarns including blends of technical fibers and mineral, inorganic, or ceramic fibers of substantially the same length as the technical fibers, and methods for manufacturing yarns, are disclosed.
Description
- This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/451,544 entitled “HIGH TENACITY FIBER AND MINERAL REINFORCED BLENDED YARNS” and filed Aug. 5, 2014, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/898,086 under 35 USC 119(e), Oct. 31, 2013. Each of the aforementioned patent applications is herein incorporated in its entirety by reference.
- Embodiments according to the present invention generally relate to yarns and, more particularly, to yarns comprising technical fibers and mineral fibers and fabrication methods for forming the yarns.
- Abrasion- and cut-resistant yarns are used to manufacture apparel and garments, for many industries, such as construction, industrial, machining, and food-service, as well as households, to protect users from abrasions, cuts, impacts, and other physical injuries. Such apparel includes knitted, non-woven, or woven textiles, such as gloves, capes, jackets, suits, overalls, sleeves, and the like. Often, to impart a required level of protection, the yarns used to manufacture this apparel are thick, heavy, stiff, and uncomfortable, particularly when the yarn directly contacts skin, i.e., sleeves and gloves. Textiles for industrial curtains, draperies, and the like also often require cut- and abrasion-resistance. Gloves and sleeves may especially consist of thick yarns requiring thicker gauge knits, such as 13, 10, and 7 gauge knits, because the denier of the yarn used to make gloves having sufficiently high abrasion- and cut-resistance is typically high, for example, higher than 600 denier. Moreover, typical yarns used for cut-resistance are made from stiffer materials and often include high amounts of fillers, for example, 50% or more. Other materials offering high abrasion- and cut-resistance are blends of yarns and other materials. For example, many cut-resistant yarns comprise stiff materials, such as steel or copper wire. These materials can be very irritating to the skin of users and are typically inflexible. Moreover, such materials are prohibitively expensive for many service applications.
- Forming a glove or a glove liner, or other article, that is thin, flexible, and comfortable, without the use of stiff, thick fibers, and maintaining high cut-resistance level has not been possible thus far. Specifically, providing a comfortable, cut- and abrasion-resistant knitted article, using, for example, a blended 70-600 denier yarn has not heretofore been realized.
- Therefore, there is a need for inexpensive yarns offering excellent abrasion-resistance, cut-resistance as well as comfort and flexibility and methods of producing articles, such as woven and knitted articles, such as gloves, glove liners, sleeves, and curtains from these yarns, representing a significant advance in the art.
- Yarns comprising technical fibers and mineral fibers, which can be used to manufacture abrasion- and cut-resistant articles, such as gloves, glove liners, sleeves, capes, overalls, curtains and the like, substantially as shown in and/or described in connection with at least one of the figures herein, are disclosed as set forth more completely in the claims. Various advantages and features of the present invention will be more fully understood from the following description and drawings.
- So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only illustrative embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments. It is to be understood that elements and features of one embodiment may be in other embodiments without further recitation. It is further understood that, where possible, identical reference numerals have been used to indicate comparable elements that are common to the figures.
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FIG. 1 depicts a flow diagram of a method for producing a blended yarn, according to one or more embodiments of the invention; -
FIGS. 2A-2D depict blended yarns and composite yarns, according to embodiments of the invention; and -
FIG. 3 depicts a flow diagram of a method for producing a glove or glove liner, according to one or more embodiments of the invention. - Embodiments of the present invention comprise yarns that blend high tenacity fibers and very hard fibers to produce highly cut- and abrasion-resistant, yet inexpensive, yarns. The high tenacity fibers, also called technical fibers, include, for example, chain-extended polyolefin fibers, such as high performance polyethylene (HPPE) and aramids, for example, para-aramids, such as KEVLAR®, meta-aramids, such as NOMEX®, copolyamides, such as TECHNORA®, or combinations thereof and the like while the very hard fibers, i.e., having a Moh's hardness of 3 or greater, include one or more mineral or ceramic fibers, such as glass fibers, silica fibers, basalt fibers, as well as carbon fibers, and the like, or combinations thereof. Moreover, the highly cut- and abrasion-resistant blended yarns according to the invention can be made without expensive fibers, such as DYNEEMA DIAMOND®, marketed by the DSM Corp. Moreover, the use of a stretch-broken process for maintaining a consistent length of the high tenacity fibers results in less fibrillation of the fibers, and is less expensive than a cutting process.
- The yarns described above may have additional materials to counteract the effects of laundering wear or to impart comfort. For example, blended yarns according to some embodiments of the invention include nylon fibers and/or elastic fibers, to maintain a very thin, moisture regulating, and flexible structure. Moreover, embodiments of yarns according to the invention include composite yarns. For example, a composite yarn may comprise one or more core fibers wrapped with one or more wrapping yarns.
- Gloves disclosed herein have vastly improved abrasion resistance, as measured by Taber and Martindale abraders and test protocols, as well as increased cut resistance. For example, the gloves and/or glove liners, made in accordance with embodiments of the invention, are capable of attaining EN level 4 abrasion-resistance and/or an EN level 2 to 5 cut-resistance. Also, an amount of very hard fibers in the blended or composite yarn can be balanced with an appropriate amount of high tenacity fibers to create a blended and/or composite yarn having a desired balance of hardness and cut- and abrasion-resistance versus tensile properties and cost.
- Embodiments according to the invention include wherein the blended or composite yarn comprises high carbon fibers, which may be incorporated into yarns for heat insulation, static dissipation, and/or anti-bacterial properties. In embodiments of the invention disclosed herein, the term “blended yarn” indicates a yarn comprising two or more fibers, such as staple or technical fibers, such as HPPE, and very hard filaments or fibers, such as carbon, basalt, silica, glass fibers, as described above, combined using a spinning process (for example, a wet or dry spun process) to form a blended yarn. In some embodiments, core fibers are wrapped by one or more fibers to form a composite yarn. Where two wrapping yarns are wrapped around one or more core yarns, the two wrapping yarns are wrapped in the opposite orientation as is known to those having skill in the art.
- Also, the blended yarns, according to embodiments of the present invention, comprising the technical fibers further comprise the very hard fibers, wherein the very hard fibers have lengths and diameters substantially the same as the technical fibers, which are spun to form a blended yarn. Embodiments according to the invention include wherein the technical fibers and the very hard fibers are approximately the same length and, in some embodiments, from 90-150 mm in length. For example, at least one blended yarn comprises HPPE fibers and mineral fibers each having a mean length of approximately 120 millimeters, wherein the diameter of the mineral fibers ranges from 3 to 10 microns and the technical fiber diameter ranges from 1 to 5 denier, which are substantially similar. Also, at least one exemplary embodiment of the blended yarn comprises HPPE fibers and glass fibers having a mean length of approximately 100-120 millimeters, wherein the mineral fibers, such as glass fibers, comprise between approximately 2% and 40% of the blended yarn. At least one exemplary blended yarn according to the invention comprises a 200 denier yarn having 90% HPPE and 10% glass fibers and is wrapped with 2X-50 denier polyamide wrapping yarns, resulting in a 330 dtex composite yarn. Also, another blended yarn according to the invention comprises a 160 denier filament having 90% HPPE and 10% glass fibers and a 2X-50 denier polyamide wrapping yarn, resulting in a 289 dtex composite yarn.
- In addition, at least one embodiment of the present invention includes two or more different technical fibers in one yarn, e.g., a blended yarn comprising both HPPE and para-aramid fibers. Moreover, more than one hard fiber may be used in one yarn, for example, a yarn comprising both basalt and glass fibers. Additionally, least one embodiment of the present invention includes two or more different technical fibers and two or more hard fibers, i.e., a blended yarn comprising HPPE and para-aramid fibers, and basalt and glass fibers.
- Moreover, any wrapping yarn may further have an elastic filament or fiber incorporated therein, such as SPANDEX®, LYCRA®, or the like as discussed further below. At least one of the embodiments of the invention comprises either of the previous 90% HPPE/10% glass yarns, substituting the wrapping yarns with a high tenacity polyamide or a high tenacity polyester wrapping yarn to produce a 221 denier or less yarn capable of being knitted with an 18 gauge needle and achieving an EN5 cut-resistance. Also, embodiments of the invention comprise a yarn having a stainless steel or HPPE core that is wrapped with a yarn comprising hard fibers, for example, the 289 or 330 dtex yarn comprising 90% HPPE and 10% glass fibers and 2X-50 denier polyamide wrapping yarn.
- In at least one exemplary embodiment according to the invention, the HPPE fibers are produced by taking a longer filament and breaking the HPPE fibers into, for example, 90-150 millimeter pieces by a stretch-break process. The very hard fibers, e.g., fiberglass, silica, carbon, or basalt fibers, may then be cut to approximately the same length as the HPPE fibers. The very hard fibers and HPPE are then spun into a blended yarn, for example, by a gel-spun, melt-spun, or dry-spun process as are known to those of skill in the art.
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FIG. 1 depicts a flow diagram of amethod 100 for producing a blended yarn according to one or more embodiments of the invention. In some embodiments, each and every step of themethod 100 is performed. In other embodiments, some steps are omitted or skipped or performed in an order different than that described here.Method 100 starts atprocess step 102 and proceeds to step 104. Atstep 104, the technical fibers, for example, the HPPE fibers, are formed by taking an HPPE thread and stretching the thread until it breaks into fibers having a desired length, for example, 90-150 millimeters. Atstep 106, very hard fibers, such as mineral fibers are provided. The mineral fibers include inorganic, ceramic, or filament fibers, such as basalt, silica, carbon, or glass fibers as discussed above. The very hard fibers, which have a diameter similar to the technical fibers, are cut to the length of the technical fibers discussed above, and are blended with the technical fibers at a desired percentage. The blended yarns, according to the embodiments of the invention comprise, for example, approximately 80-95% technical fibers and approximately 5-20% of very hard fibers. In some embodiments according to the invention, the very hard fibers may comprise up to 40% of a blended yarn. - Exemplary embodiments according to the invention include wherein the mineral fibers comprise approximately 5%, 7.5%, or 10% of the blended yarn. This range of very hard fibers, particularly glass fibers, is generally favorable to avoid breaking the fibers during processing and use. Nonetheless, other ranges are suitable for varied in-service applications. Also, embodiments of the invention comprise a two-ply yarn, such as one yarn having a composite yarn, for example, HPPE/fiber core yarn, wrapped with a HPPE/SPANDEX®, yarn, or vice-versa, for example, or other processes to combine yarns known to those of skill in the art. Also, fiber contamination can result during knitting processes, which can be avoided using the composite yarn as a core yarn, wrapping it with another yarn, for example, HPPE, KEVLAR®, SPANDEX®, or other yarns. Composite yarns having a core and a wrapping yarn may be made, for example, using the technologies disclosed in commonly-assigned, U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,074,436 and 5,423,168, each of which is incorporated by reference in entirety. Also, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a composite comprises a continuous stainless steel yarn in its core
- The
method 100 proceeds to step 108, at which point the mixture of the HPPE and fibers or filaments are spun processed into a blended yarn. For example, the HPPE and para-aramid fibers and, for example, glass fibers are mechanically mixed or compounded. The HPPE and para-aramid fibers then have the glass fibers embedded therein, at which point the HPPE, para-aramid, and glass fibers are drawn and twisted into a yarn of, for example, less than 100 denier, 221, 309, 400 and to approximately 600 denier. Embodiments according to the invention include melt-spun, wet-spun, or dry-spun processes as are known to those in the art. Optionally, before themethod 100 proceeds, the blended yarn may form a composite with another yarn(s), for example, a composite yarn comprising a core yarn and one or covering yarns, as discussed in greater detail below. - The
method 100 next proceeds to step 110, and a decision is made whether to knit an article, e.g., a glove, glove liner, or sleeve, or the like from the blended or composite yarn. If the answer is no, themethod 100 ends atstep 114. If yes, an article is knitted from the blended or composite yarn, for example, using 13, 15, or 18 gauge needles, such as with an automatic knitting machine manufactured by the Shima Seiki, Mfg., Ltd. Co., i.e., Single Whole Garment models, or flat-knitting models or similar knitting machines. A polymeric, elastomeric, or latex coating may be optionally disposed on the liner (or sleeve or other article) as discussed below. -
FIGS. 2A-2D depict blended yarns and composite yarns, according to embodiments of the invention.FIG. 2A depicts a blendedyarn 202 according to embodiments of the invention. Thecomposite yarn 202 comprises technical fibers, such as HPPE and very hard fibers, such as reinforcing fibers, such as include inorganic, mineral, ceramic, or filament fibers. Reinforcing fibers include glass fibers, carbon fibers, and/or basalt fibers, as discussed above. Embodiments according to the invention include wherein, as above, the HPPE fibers are 120 millimeters in length and the glass and/or basalt fibers are approximately 120 millimeters in length. The composite yarn is twisted in a Z-configuration, as shown, during processing, but also may be in an S-configuration as is known to those in the art.FIG. 2A also depicts a blendedyarn 204, according to embodiments of the invention, and comprises, for example, a Z-configuration or an S-configuration, as shown. The blendedyarn 204 may be the same as the blendedyarn 202 or comprise other materials, for example, a SPANDEX® or LYCRA® yarn, a very hard fiber different than the very hard fiber in the blendedyarn 202 or other changes in technical fibers or very hard fibers. -
FIG. 2B depicts a two-ply yarn 208, in accordance with embodiments of the invention, which comprises the blendedyarn 202 and the blendedyarn 204 twisted together in an S-configuration to form acomposite yarn 208. As discussed above, each of the blendedyarns -
FIG. 2C depicts a three-ply composite yarn 210 comprising acore yarn 212 and two wrappingyarns ply composite yarn 210 comprises acore yarn 212, afirst wrapping yarn 214, and asecond wrapping yarn 216. In at least one embodiment of the three-ply composite yarn 210, thecore yarn 212 is formed of, for example, a 200 denier yarn comprising 90% HPPE and 10% glass fibers. Afirst wrapping yarn 214, comprises, for example, a 50 denier polyamide yarn, and is wrapped around thecore yarn 212, while asecond wrapping yarn 216, comprises a 50 denier polyamide wrapping yarn, and/or an elastomeric yarn, such as SPANDEX® or LYCRA®, which wraps both thecore yarn 212 and thefirst wrapping yarn 214. Thefirst wrapping yarn 214 and thesecond wrapping yarn 216 are wrapped in opposite directions. At least one other embodiment according to the invention comprises wherein either or both of thefirst wrapping yarn 214 andsecond wrapping yarn 216 comprises a high tenacity polyester wrapping yarn. -
FIG. 2D depicts a four-ply composite yarn 220 comprising afirst core yarn 222, asecond core yarn 224 and two wrappingyarns first core yarn 222 and thesecond core yarn 224 may parallel to each other or, alternatively, may be twisted or braided together, and are wrapped by thefirst wrapping yarn 226 and thesecond wrapping yarn 228, which are wrapped in opposite directions. Any of the first core yarn, second core yarn, first wrappingyarn 226, andsecond wrapping yarn 228 may comprise, for example, any of the blended yarns described above or any other yarn known to those in the art. -
FIG. 3 depicts a flow diagram of amethod 300 for producing a glove or glove liner in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention. In some embodiments, each and every step of themethod 300 is performed. In other embodiments, some steps are omitted or skipped. Themethod 300 starts atprocess step 302 and proceeds to step 303. If a supported glove or other knitted article is being produced, a liner is provided on a former as discussed above. Atstep 303, if a liner is present, the liner may be either a compacted or an uncompacted liner. Compacting, which may be performed separately or optionally, shrinks the liner, thereby increasing the density of the knitted structure. For example, compacting a liner may be achieved by applying a wetting agent to the liner, heating the liner at a first temperature, and drying the liner at a second temperature. The liner is soaked with the wetting agent, heated in, for instance, an oven at approximately 60° C. for approximately 100-120 minutes and subsequently dried at approximately 70° C. for 50-70 minutes. - At
process step 304, a liner is loaded onto a former. In some embodiments, the former, which may be made of a ceramic, is heated. Atprocess step 306, the former has a coagulant disposed thereon, for example, by spraying or dipping into a tank having a coagulant, which may be heated to, for example, 40-60° C. In at least one exemplary embodiment of the invention, the coagulant is an aqueous solution of a weak acid, such as acetic acid. Applying a weak acid to the liner results in the polymeric composition, discussed below, sticking very well to the liner with a surprisingly minimal amount of strikethrough to produce an abrasion resistant glove. Stronger coagulants are also possible, such as an aqueous solution of 3 to 15% calcium nitrate concentration. - At
process step 308, the former/liner is removed from the tank, dried for approximately 1-5 minutes at, 30-60° C., and has a polymeric, elastomeric, or latex composition applied thereto. The composition may be sprayed onto the liner, screen-printed thereon, or disposed via dipping into a tank having a polymeric, elastomeric, or latex composition, as described below, disposing a polymeric, elastomeric, or latex coating onto the liner. The composition may be applied to the former and liner in one of several ways, such as a full-dip, a ¾ dip, a knuckle-dip, palm-dip or the like, as is discussed herein and as disclosed in commonly-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/769,829, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. - At
process step 310, the liner having the polymeric, elastomeric, or latex layer disposed thereon is dipped into a tank having a weak acid for a few seconds to several minutes. Acetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and formic acid are suitable weak acids. In some embodiments of the invention, the weak acid is an aqueous solution of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) of approximately 0.1-1.0%, as is disclosed in commonly-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/928,615, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. The elastomeric or polymeric layer may be dipped in the weak acid, for example, for 2 to 10 seconds. - At
process step 312, the glove is optionally dipped into a strong coagulant such as an aqueous solution of calcium citrate, calcium nitrate, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol or any mixture thereof or other coagulant salts as are known by those in the art. In some embodiments, the strong coagulant is an 8-12% concentration of calcium citrate, in which the glove is dipped for two to approximately eight seconds and removed. Atprocess step 314, it is determined whether to add a second polymeric layer onto the glove. If the answer is yes,method 300 returns to step 308. Also, the second polymeric layer may be foamed or unfoamed, irrespective of whether the first layer is foamed or unfoamed, and vice versa. If no second layer is to be added,method 300 proceeds to processstep 316. - At
step 316, the glove is leached of impurities and proteins, for example, 35-50° C. for approximately 1-3 minutes. Atprocess step 318, the glove is allowed to dry in air or with blown air for approximately 30 minutes. Atprocess step 320, the glove is delivered to an oven for drying and curing, for example, at 70-120° C. for 30 to 40 minutes. In some exemplary embodiments, the gloves are dried and cured in one zone of an oven at 70° C. for twenty-five minutes, a second zone at 110° C. for twenty-five minutes, and in a third zone of an oven at 115° C. for approximately twenty-five minutes. Atprocess step 322, themethod 300 ends. - As discussed above, the blended yarns and/or composite yarns according to the invention may be used to form a knitted glove or a knitted glove liner. Some embodiments of the invention include elastomeric fibers, filaments, or yarns whether blended with the hard fibers discussed herein or as part of composite yarns. Some embodiments include wherein the blended yarn is disposed within a knitted glove or knitted glove liner so that the blended yarn is closest to the skin of a wearer. Furthermore, a glove or glove liner comprises a blended yarn or a composite yarn in which the blended yarn or composite yarn is within a plaited construction, as is known to those in the art. The blended or composite yarn may be the main yarn or the plaited yarn in such constructions, i.e., knitted articles.
- Knitted articles in accordance with embodiments of the invention comprise a coating to form, for example, supported gloves or compression sleeves. For example, a supported glove comprises a polymeric, elastomeric, or latex composition disposed as a layer onto a fabric glove liner, and may be coated either on the outside or inside (skin-contacting) surface with the polymeric, elastomeric, or latex composition. The elastomeric composition comprises natural rubber latex or synthetic rubber latex, as well as other elastomeric polymer materials, for example, but not limited to, natural or synthetic polyisoprene, carboxylated or non-carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene, nitrile, nitrile-butadiene, polychloroprene, polyvinyls, butyl latex, styrene-butadiene (SBR), styrene-butadiene latex, styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), polyethylene-propylene-diene, water- or solvent-based polyurethane, anionically stabilized polymer composition, and the like, or mixtures or blends thereof. The polymeric, elastomeric, or latex composition also comprises other additives, fillers, processing aids, vulcanizing agents, rubber accelerators, aqueous and non-aqueous solutions, coagulants, colorants, and the like as known to those in the art.
- In some embodiments of the invention, the polymeric composition is foamed, so that air cells dispersed in the range of 5-50 volumetric percentage are formed. When the composition is disposed on a former as a coating, closed cells or open cells may be formed, as is described in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,192,834, 8,001,809, and 7,814,571, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties. Foamed polymeric latex layers may penetrate half or more of the thickness of the knitted liner, though the polymeric layer does not penetrate the entire thickness, thereby substantially avoiding strike-through, i.e., skin contact with the polymeric latex. The foamed latex emulsion gels due to the action of the coagulant resident on the surfaces of the yarns forming chocking regions between the fibers, preventing further entry of the foamed latex emulsion into the knitted liner, thus preventing strike-through.
- As described herein, a glove is defined as any five-fingered article that is worn on the hand, for example, a supported glove or an unsupported glove. A supported glove is a fabric liner having a polymeric or elastomeric coating disposed thereon. A liner is defined as, for example, a fabric glove (whether woven, non-woven, or knitted) having no elastomeric or polymeric composition disposed thereon, i.e., an unsupported glove. The terms glove and liner may be used interchangeably herein. Likewise, a supported article includes any woven, non-woven, or knitted article, such as a sleeve, having an elastomeric composition disposed thereon. A composite yarn is a yarn comprising a core fiber wrapped by one or more wrapping yarns.
- It is further to be noted that any yarn disclosed herein may comprise an antimicrobial agent. The anti-microbial yarn includes anti-microbial ingredients embedded in fibers, such as yarns treated with AEGIS Microbe Shield® technology from AEGIS Environments. Yarns may also be treated with, for example, dichloroxylenol, hexachloraphane; diphenyl derivatives, halogenated hydroxy diphenyl derivatives such as diphenyl ethers for example 2,4,4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxy diphenyl ether (triclosan); and agents such as diacetylamino-azotoluene and triclocarban, TRIOSYN®, 2-propanol, quaternary ammonium compounds, n-halamines, or compounds and combinations thereof, for their anti-microbial properties. Elemental silver, silver-zinc, and silver-copper zeolites are also suitable anti-microbials, as well as other anti-microbials known to those in the art. Any of these anti-microbial substances may also be incorporated within any of the above mentioned elastomeric compositions.
- Although a few exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many modifications are possible in embodiments without materially departing from the teachings disclosed herein. Any and all such modifications are intended to be included within the embodiments of the invention, and other embodiments may be devised without departing from the scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the following claims.
- The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and other referents describing embodiments of the invention are to be construed both in the singular and plural unless otherwise indicated or clearly contradicted by context. Ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring to each separate value falling within the range; unless otherwise indicated herein, and each range value is incorporated into the specification as if individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illustrate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
Claims (20)
1. A composite yarn, comprising:
a blended core yarn, consisting essentially of;
about 80 to 95% high performance polyethylene stretch broken technical fibers, and
5 to 20% inorganic, mineral, ceramic, or filament fibers having a length substantially similar to a length of the high performance polyethylene stretch broken technical fibers; and
at least one wrapping yarn comprising at least one of a high tenacity polyamide or a high tenacity polyester, wherein the at least one wrapping yarn is wrapped around the core to form the composite yarn having an EN5 cut-resistance level and having dimensions that enable the composite yarn to be knitted with an 18 gauge needle.
2. The composite yarn of claim 1 , wherein the technical fibers and the inorganic, mineral, ceramic, or filament fibers comprise a mean length of approximately 90-150 millimeters.
3. The composite yarn of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic, mineral, ceramic, or filament fibers comprise at least one of glass fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, or basalt fibers.
4. The composite yarn of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic, mineral, ceramic, or filament fibers comprise between 2% and 40% of the composite yarn.
5. The composite yarn of claim 1 , wherein the denier of the composite yarn is between 70 and 221 denier.
6. The composite yarn of claim 1 , wherein the denier of the composite yarn is between 160 and 221 denier.
7. The composite yarn of claim 1 , that is used to make a knitted article that is at least one of a glove, glove liner, sleeve, or curtain.
8. The composite yarn of claim 7 , wherein the knitted article further comprises a coating, the coating comprising a polymeric, elastomeric, or latex composition.
9. The composite yarn of claim 8 , wherein the polymeric, elastomeric, or latex composition further comprises at least one of natural polyisoprene, synthetic polyisoprene, carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene, non-carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene, nitrile-butadiene, polychloroprene, polyvinyls, butyl latex, styrene-butadiene (SBR), styrene-butadiene latex, styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), po/yethylene-propylene-diene, water-based polyurethane, an anionically stabilized polymer composition, solvent-based polyurethane, or combinations or blends thereof.
10. A composite yarn, comprising: a blended core yarn, consisting essentially of:
80 to 95% stretch broken technical fibers; and
5 to 20% inorganic, mineral, ceramic, or filament fibers having a length substantially similar to a length of the stretch broken technical fibers; and
at least one wrapping yarn comprising at least one of a high tenacity polyamide or high tenacity polyester, wherein the at least one wrapping yarn is wrapped around the blended core yarn to form the composite yarn having a denier of 260 or less and a EN5 cut-resistance level.
11. The composite yarn of claim 10 , wherein the technical fibers comprise at least one of high performance polyethylene, para-aramid fibers, meta-aramid fibers, or copolyamide fibers.
12. The composite yarn of claim 10 , wherein the inorganic, mineral, ceramic, or filament fibers comprise at least one of glass fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, or basalt fibers.
13. The composite yarn of claim 10 , wherein the inorganic, mineral, ceramic, or filament fibers comprise between 2% and 40% of the composite yarn.
14. The composite yarn of claim 10 , wherein the technical fibers and the inorganic, mineral, ceramic, or filament fibers comprise a mean length of approximately 90-150 millimeters.
15. A knitted article that is at least one of a glove, glove liner, sleeve, or curtain made from the composite yarn of claim 10 .
16. The composite yarn of claim 15 , wherein the knitted article further comprises a coating, the coating comprising a polymeric, elastomeric, or latex composition.
17. The composite yarn of claim 16 , wherein the polymeric, elastomeric, or latex composition further comprises at least one of natural polyisoprene, synthetic polyisoprene, carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene, non-carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene, nitrile-butadiene, polychloroprene, polyvinyls, butyl latex, styrene-butadiene (SBR), styrene-butadiene latex, styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), po/yethylene-propylene-diene, water-based polyurethane, an anionically stabilized polymer composition, solvent-based polyurethane, or combinations or blends thereof.
18. A composite yarn, comprising:
a blended core yarn consisting essentially of 80 to 95% high performance polyethylene stretch broken technical fibers, and 5 to 20% inorganic, mineral, ceramic, or filament fibers having a length substantially similar to a length of the high performance polyethylene stretch broken technical fibers; and
at least one wrapping yarn comprising at least one of a high tenacity polyamide or a high tenacity polyester, wherein the at least one wrapping yarn is wrapped around the core to form the composite yarn having an EN5 cut-resistance level, and wherein the denier of the composite yarn is between 70 and 221 denier.
19. A method for making a cut resistant blended yarn that consists essentially of:
about 80 to 95% stretch broken technical fibers, and
5 to 20% inorganic, mineral, ceramic, or filament fibers having a length substantially similar to a length of the high performance polyethylene stretch broken technical fibers,
the method comprising:
gel, wet, or dry-spinning the technical fiber with the inorganic, mineral, ceramic, or filament fibers, wherein the technical fibers and inorganic, mineral, ceramic, or filament fibers have a length and diameter that is substantially similar to a length and diameter of the technical fibers, to form a cut-resistant blended yarn.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the stretch broken technical fibers comprise high performance polyethylene.
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- 2014-08-05 US US14/451,544 patent/US11047069B2/en active Active
- 2014-08-25 EP EP14857253.0A patent/EP3063320A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-08-25 KR KR1020167012476A patent/KR102233184B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-08-25 WO PCT/AU2014/000836 patent/WO2015061828A1/en active Application Filing
- 2014-08-25 CN CN201490001140.4U patent/CN206109615U/en active Active
- 2014-08-25 AU AU2014344785A patent/AU2014344785B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
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EP3063320A4 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
AU2014344785B2 (en) | 2017-11-23 |
KR102233184B1 (en) | 2021-03-30 |
EP3063320A1 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
AU2014344785A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
US20150118425A1 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
US11047069B2 (en) | 2021-06-29 |
CN206109615U (en) | 2017-04-19 |
WO2015061828A1 (en) | 2015-05-07 |
KR20160082512A (en) | 2016-07-08 |
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